EP2452790A1 - Processing station for a stamping machine and method for removing a test blank - Google Patents
Processing station for a stamping machine and method for removing a test blank Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2452790A1 EP2452790A1 EP11185786A EP11185786A EP2452790A1 EP 2452790 A1 EP2452790 A1 EP 2452790A1 EP 11185786 A EP11185786 A EP 11185786A EP 11185786 A EP11185786 A EP 11185786A EP 2452790 A1 EP2452790 A1 EP 2452790A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- tool
- station
- punching
- processing station
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/18—Means for removing cut-out material or waste
- B26D7/1818—Means for removing cut-out material or waste by pushing out
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/26—Means for mounting or adjusting the cutting member; Means for adjusting the stroke of the cutting member
- B26D7/2614—Means for mounting the cutting member
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
- B26F1/40—Cutting-out; Stamping-out using a press, e.g. of the ram type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H29/00—Delivering or advancing articles from machines; Advancing articles to or into piles
- B65H29/58—Article switches or diverters
- B65H29/585—Article switches or diverters taking samples from the main stream
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
- B26D7/0625—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form by endless conveyors, e.g. belts
- B26D7/0633—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form by endless conveyors, e.g. belts by grippers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a storage and pay station according to the preamble of claim 1, a sheet punching and / or embossing machine according to claim 9 and a method for depositing intermediate sheets according to claim 10.
- punching As punching the cutting is referred to with closed geometric blank forms that can be circular, oval or polygonal and imaginary shapes of all kinds. Also the practices practiced in print finishing, such as punching with punch, corner punching and register punching are counted to this area.
- the punching takes place against a punching pad or against stamp, in some cases it is also shearing operations.
- Packaging materials made of paper, cardboard, cardboard or corrugated board are mainly punched in sheet format. When punching but also creasing lines or blind embossing can be introduced into the benefit. This complex process makes it indispensable to punch the sheets individually.
- Such a flat bed punch is for example from the DE 30 44 083 A1 known.
- the two tables are equipped with cutting and scoring tools or corresponding counter tools with which punched out of the cyclically guided between the table surface sheets the benefits and at the same time pressed the necessary for clean folding grooves. In the subsequent breakout the waste is removed by machine tools. Depending on the equipment of the machine finally the punched benefits can be separated in a designatedWhentrenn arthritis.
- test sheet In order to assess the quality of the punching process, the machine operator needs a so-called test sheet. In this sample sheet, although the punching should be done, but it should at least no separation into individual benefits have taken place. If necessary, the breaking-out process, in which waste is broken out of the punched sheet, should also be prevented. This allows the machine operator to judge all the punching lines by means of a complete, complete sheet.
- the punching machine In order to obtain a sample sheet, the punching machine must be temporarily switched off in the above-described punching machines. This makes it possible to remove a punched sheet before it is subsequently processed further in the stripping station and the depaneling station.
- a disadvantage of this procedure is that the productivity is reduced by switching off and the subsequent startup of the punching machine.
- a disadvantage of this procedure is that by decoupling the masses of the drives ofinstation and Ausbrechstation a momentum shock is introduced into the main drive system, causing a vibration excitation of the main drive system.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a processing station and a punching machine with such a processing station, which does not have to be disconnected to remove a sample sheet, or learns a vibration input by coupling individual drive trains. Another object is to describe a method for discharging and depositing a sample sheet, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art described above.
- the inventive processing station for a flatbed sheet punching and / or embossing machine has a sheet transport system for transporting the sheets through the processing station as well as a lifting upper tool, which cooperates with a lower tool.
- the lower tool can in particular be stationary. If the processing station is a breakout station for breaking out of waste from bow, so upper tool and lower tool are designed as stripping. If the processing station is a blanking and depositing station for depositing a single use of a sheet on a stack, the upper tool and lower tool are designed as a blanking tool.
- the upper tool has a tool holder and a lifting tool, which is held by the tool holder.
- the distance between the lifting tool and the tool holder is variable. This change in distance occurs in a particularly advantageous and therefore preferred embodiment by a lifting movement, in particular a pure vertical movement, of the lifting tool. In other words: The lifting tool is raised.
- the lifting tool is connected by at least one actuator with the tool holder, wherein the at least one actuator causes the change in distance.
- the at least one actuator causes the change in distance.
- four actuators may be provided, namely one actuator each at a respective corner of the lifting tool.
- the at least one actuator is designed as a pneumatic cylinder, as this allows for a short switching times and on the other tolerates vibrations and shocks during the lifting movements of the upper tool.
- the processing station has a test sheet display, which may be formed, for example, as a cassette or drip tray. This can be arranged in particular below the sheet transport system of the processing station, so that a respective sample sheet can be transported from the sheet transport system to the test sheet delivery and released there. This allows the operator to easily remove the sample sheet.
- the latter has a control unit which controls the at least one actuator by using a number of test sheets, the sheet transport speed and, if applicable, the machine cycle predetermined by the machine operator.
- the at least one actuator is then actuated taking into account the working cycle and the required actuating speed when a sample sheet is to pass through the processing station unprocessed.
- This control unit can be integrated in particular in the control unit of a higher-level punching machine.
- the invention also relates to a sheet punching and / or embossing machine for punching and / or embossing sheets of paper, cardboard, plastic and the like with a sheet transport system, with a feeder, with a punching and / or embossing station and at least one further processing station, in particular a stripping station and a boom, wherein at least the boom is designed according to the above description of the processing station according to the invention.
- both breaking station and boom have the embodiment according to the invention, since such a test sheet can be designed, which has only experienced the punching process in the sense of sheet processing.
- the invention also relates to a method for discharging and depositing a sample sheet in a test sheet delivery of a sheet punching and / or embossing machine, wherein this particular, as described above, with at least one punching station and at least one further processing station, which in particular as described above, the method comprising the following steps:
- a sheet is fed into the sheet punching machine, the sheet is transported by a transport device through the machine and there is a processing of the sheet at least by the at least one punching station.
- the lifting tool of the upper tool of at least one of the processing stations namely at least one Basedtrenn- and depositing station - also referred to as boom - spent by lifting in a non-operative position. Even if the upper tool carries out its working stroke stroke movement, it causes no processing of the sample sheet in this non-action position. Therefore, the sample sheet can be transported in a next step in the sample sheet delivery. Subsequently, the lifting tool can be lowered back into its working position, so that subsequent sheets are processed again regularly by the lifting tool.
- a plurality of sample sheets can be discharged. For this purpose, after lifting and before lowering again the lifting tool several sheets processed in the punching station and transported to the test sheet delivery.
- FIG. 1 the basic structure of a sheet punching and embossing machine 100 for punching, breaking,directionalally storing sheets of paper, cardboard, plastic and the like is shown.
- the punching and embossing machine 100 has a feeder 1, a punching station 2, a breaking station 3 and a boom 4 with storage and pay station, which are supported and enclosed by a common machine housing 5 and driven by a main drive 17. From one side, the so-called operator side, the processing stations 2, 3, 4 are accessible; on the opposite side, the so-called drive side, there is the drive train of the sheet punching and embossing machine 100.
- a machine control 15 controls the processes within the punching machine 100.
- the sheets 6 are separated by a feeder 1 from a stack, fed to the sheet transport system 7 and gripped by gripper bars of a gripper carriage 8 grippers at its front edge and intermittently in the sheet transport direction B through the various stations 2, 3 and 4 of the punching and embossing machine 100th pulled.
- the sheet transport system 7 has a plurality of gripper carriages 8, so that a plurality of sheets 6 can be processed simultaneously in the various stations 2, 3 and 4.
- the gripper carriage 8 can be driven by a chain drive or in an alternative embodiment by an electromagnetic linear drive with traveling wave motors, such as in the DE 20 2007 012 349 U1 described.
- the punching station 2 consists of a lower crucible, a so-called. Subtable 9, and an upper crucible, a so-called. Obertisch 10.
- the upper table 10 is vertically back and stored movable and provided with punching and Rillmessern.
- the lower table 9 is fixedly mounted in the machine frame and provided with a counter plate to the punching and Rillmessern. Alternatively, the upper table 10 fixed and the lower table 9 may be moved.
- embossing tools in particular in the form of so-called embossing dies, are used instead of the punching and scoring tools.
- the gripper carriage 8 transports the sheet 6 from the punching and embossing station 2 in the subsequent breaking station 3, which is equipped with breakout tools 21, 23.
- the breaking station 3 the waste pieces 11 which are not required are pushed out of the sheet 6 downward with the aid of the breaking-out tools 21, 23, whereby the waste pieces 11 fall into a carriage-like container 12 inserted below the station.
- the sheet 6 passes into the boom 4, where the sheet 6.1 is either simply stored, or at the same time a separation of the individual 6.2 uses a respective sheet 6.
- the boom 4 has a blanking tool 21, 23.
- the boom 4 may also include a pallet 13, on which the individual sheets 6 or 6.2 utility stacked in the form of a stack 14, so that after reaching a certain stack height, the pallet 13 with the sheet stack 14 can be moved away from the area of the punching and embossing machine 100.
- FIGS. 2a and 2 B show the processing operation of a sheet 6 in a processing station 3, 4 using the example of the Trotrenn- and storage station 4 in a detailed view.
- a sheet 6 was transported by the gripper carriage 8 of the sheet transport system 7 in the sheet transport direction B to below the stamped 22 upper tool 21.
- a Above the sheet 6 is a
- a Below the sheet 6 is a
- a Below the sheet 6 is a
- the lifting tool 21.1 undergoes a stroke h, which separates the individual benefits 6.2 of the sheet 6 from each other and stores on a stack 14.
- the punches 22 of the blanking tool 21.1 dip into the sheet transport plane E with an immersion depth t.
- the blanking tool 21.1 is connected by actuators, which are designed as pneumatic cylinders, with the tool holder 21.2.
- the actuators 26 can perform an adjusting movement which causes a change in distance a between the tool holder 21.2 and the lifting tool 21.1.
- the upper tool 21 performs a lifting movement h.
- the upper tool 21 is guided during its lifting movement by means of guides 4.2.
- the lifting movement h is impressed on the upper tool 21 by a drive 4.1.
- the drive 4.1 can be connected by a - not shown here - gear train with the machine drive 17 of the sheet punching and embossing machine 100.
- the upper tool 21 performs a stroke of the size H in each machine cycle, the punch 22 in the sheet transport plane E immerse (immersion depth t).
- a breaking station 3 can analogously in the FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrated respectivelytrenn- and storage station 4 may be formed.
- Breakout tools used in stripping stations are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the circuittrennstempel 22 has the lifting tool 21.1 of the stripping tool punches for breaking waste 11 from the sheet 6. It is crucial that the distance between the tool holder 21.2 and the stripping 21.1 changed, that is reduced, so that a sample sheet 6.1 no breaking his waste pieces 11 learns.
- the as the comes as a lower tool 24 a breaking board used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ablage- und Nutzentrennstation gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1, eine Bogenstanz- und/oder -prägemaschine gemäß Anspruch 9 und ein Verfahren zum Ablegen von Zwischenbögen gemäß Anspruch 10.The invention relates to a storage and pay station according to the preamble of
Als Stanzen wird das Schneiden mit in sich geschlossenen geometrischen Zuschnittsformen bezeichnet, die kreisförmig, oval oder mehreckig sowie Phantasieformen aller Art sein können. Auch die in der Druckweiterverarbeitung geübten Praktiken, wie Stanzen mit Locheisen, Eckenabstoßen und Registerstanzen werden zu diesem Bereich gezählt. Die Stanzung erfolgt gegen eine Stanzunterlage oder gegen Stempel, teilweise sind es auch Schervorgänge. Verpackungsmaterialien aus Papier, Karton, Pappe oder Wellpappe werden hauptsächlich im Bogenformat gestanzt. Beim Stanzvorgang können zusätzlich aber auch Rilllinien oder Blindprägungen in den Nutzen eingebracht werden. Dieser komplexe Prozess macht es unabdingbar, die Bogen einzeln zu stanzen. Da es sich bei den Endprodukten um anspruchsvolle Verpackungen hinsichtlich technischer und graphischer Ausführung handelt (etwa Verpackungen für Kosmetik, Zigaretten, Pharmazie, Lebensmittel, etc.), werden besondere Anforderungen nicht nur an die Verpackungsmaterialien selbst gestellt, sondern es sind für optimale Resultate auch Stanzwerkzeuge mit geringsten Toleranzen und äußerst präzise und zuverlässig arbeitende Stanzmaschinen erforderlich. Diesen Ansprüchen wird das Flachbettstanzen am besten gerecht. Dabei werden die gedruckten und auf einer Palette gestapelten Bogen der Stanzmaschine zugeführt. In der Maschine werden in einer Ausrichteinrichtung die zu stanzenden Bogen passgenau ausgerichtet, von einem Greiferwagen übernommen und exakt in der Stanzeinrichtung zwischen einem fest gelagerten Untertisch und einem über einen Kniehebel oder Exzentergetriebe vertikal bewegbaren Obertisch positioniert.As punching the cutting is referred to with closed geometric blank forms that can be circular, oval or polygonal and imaginary shapes of all kinds. Also the practices practiced in print finishing, such as punching with punch, corner punching and register punching are counted to this area. The punching takes place against a punching pad or against stamp, in some cases it is also shearing operations. Packaging materials made of paper, cardboard, cardboard or corrugated board are mainly punched in sheet format. When punching but also creasing lines or blind embossing can be introduced into the benefit. This complex process makes it indispensable to punch the sheets individually. Since the end products are sophisticated packaging in terms of technical and graphic design (such as packaging for cosmetics, cigarettes, pharmacy, food, etc.), special requirements are not only placed on the packaging materials themselves, but are also punching tools for optimum results required with the smallest tolerances and extremely precise and reliable punching machines. Flatbed punching best meets these demands. The printed sheets stacked on a pallet are fed to the punching machine. In the machine, the sheets to be punched are precisely aligned in an alignment device, taken over by a gripper carriage and positioned exactly in the punching device between a fixed undercounter and a vertical over a knee lever or eccentric upper table.
In bekannten Bogenstanz- und Prägemaschinen, die zum Stanzen, Prägen, Ausbrechen, ggfs. Nutzentrennen und Ablegen von Bögen aus Papier, Pappe und der gleichen eingesetzt werden, ist es bekannt die Bögen mittels Greiferwagen durch die einzelnen Stationen der Maschine zu bewegen. Ein jeweiliger Greiferwagen besitzt eine Greiferbrücke, an der Greifer befestigt sind, die die Bögen an einem vorderen Ende ergreifen. Ein Greiferwagen besitzt weiterhin seitliche Fahrwagen, welche mit endlosen Ketten des Transportsystems verbunden sind und wodurch die Greiferwagen durch die Maschine bewegt werden. Durch diese Art der Bewegung der Bögen durch die Maschine wird ein kontinuierliches Arbeiten in den einzelnen hintereinander angeordneten Stationen der Maschine, insbesondere Stanz-, Ausbrech- und Nutzentrennstation, ermöglicht.In known sheet punching and embossing machines, which are used for punching, embossing, breaking, if necessary. Nutzentrennen and storing sheets of paper, cardboard and the same, it is known to move the sheets by means of gripper carriage through the individual stations of the machine. A respective gripper carriage has a gripper bridge, to which grippers are fixed, which grasp the arches at a front end. A gripper carriage further has lateral carriages, which are connected to endless chains of the transport system and whereby the gripper carriage to be moved by the machine. By this type of movement of the sheets through the machine, a continuous work in the individual successively arranged stations of the machine, in particular punching, break-away and Nutzentrennstation allows.
Eine derartige Flachbettstanze ist beispielsweise aus der
Um die Qualität des Stanzvorgangs beurteilen zu können, benötigt der Maschinenbediener einen sogenannten Probebogen. Bei diesem Probebogen soll zwar die Stanzung erfolgt sein, es soll jedoch zumindest keine Trennung in einzelne Nutzen stattgefunden haben. Gegebenenfalls soll auch der Ausbrechvorgang, in welchem Abfälle aus dem gestanzten Bogen ausgebrochen werden, unterbunden werden. Dies ermöglicht es dem Maschinenbediener, anhand eines ganzen, kompletten Bogens alle Stanzlinien zu beurteilen.In order to assess the quality of the punching process, the machine operator needs a so-called test sheet. In this sample sheet, although the punching should be done, but it should at least no separation into individual benefits have taken place. If necessary, the breaking-out process, in which waste is broken out of the punched sheet, should also be prevented. This allows the machine operator to judge all the punching lines by means of a complete, complete sheet.
Um einen Probebogen zu erhalten, muss bei den oben beschriebenen Stanzmaschinen die Stanzmaschine kurzzeitig abgeschaltet werden. So wird es ermöglicht, einen gestanzten Bogen zu entnehmen, bevor dieser nachfolgend in der Ausbrechstation und der Nutzentrennstation weiter bearbeitet wird.In order to obtain a sample sheet, the punching machine must be temporarily switched off in the above-described punching machines. This makes it possible to remove a punched sheet before it is subsequently processed further in the stripping station and the depaneling station.
Nachteilig an diesem Vorgehen ist, dass durch das Abschalten und das nachfolgende Hochfahren der Stanzmaschine deren Produktivität verringert wird.A disadvantage of this procedure is that the productivity is reduced by switching off and the subsequent startup of the punching machine.
Auch bekannt sind andere Bauformen von Stanzmaschinen, insbesondere hergestellt durch die Firma Bobst, welche es gestatten, einen Probebogen zu entnehmen, ohne die Stanzmaschine anhalten zu müssen. Dies wird dadurch ermöglicht, dass der Antrieb der Ausbrechstation als auch der Nutzentrennstation kurzfristig vom Hauptantrieb der Bearbeitungsstationen abgekoppelt wird.Also known are other types of punching machines, in particular manufactured by the company Bobst, which allow to take a sample sheet without having to stop the punching machine. This is made possible by the fact that the drive of the breaking station as well as the Nutzentrennstation is disconnected from the main drive of the processing stations in the short term.
Nachteilig an diesem Vorgehen ist, dass durch das Abkoppeln der Massen der Antriebe von Nutzentrennstation und Ausbrechstation ein Momentenstoß in das Hauptantriebssystem eingeleitet wird, was eine Schwingungsanregung des Hauptantriebssystems bewirkt.A disadvantage of this procedure is that by decoupling the masses of the drives of Nutzentrennstation and Ausbrechstation a momentum shock is introduced into the main drive system, causing a vibration excitation of the main drive system.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Bearbeitungsstation und eine Stanzmaschine mit einer solchen Bearbeitungsstation zu schaffen, welche zum Entnehmen eines Probebogens weder abgeschaltet werden muss, noch einen Schwingungseintrag durch Auskoppeln einzelner Antriebsstränge erfährt. Weitere Aufgabe ist es, ein Verfahren zum Ausschleusen und Ablegen eines Probebogens zu beschreiben, welches die zuvor beschriebenen Nachteile des Standes der Technik vermeidet.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a processing station and a punching machine with such a processing station, which does not have to be disconnected to remove a sample sheet, or learns a vibration input by coupling individual drive trains. Another object is to describe a method for discharging and depositing a sample sheet, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art described above.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Bearbeitungsstation mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen von Anspruch 1, durch eine Bogenstanz- und/oder -prägemaschine gemäß Anspruch 9 und durch ein Verfahren zum Ausschleusen und Ablegen von Probebogen gemäß Anspruch 10.This object is achieved by a processing station with the characterizing features of
Die erfindungsgemäße Bearbeitungsstation für eine Flachbett-Bogenstanz- und/oder- prägemaschine besitzt ein Bogentransportsystem zum Transportieren der Bogen durch die Bearbeitungsstation als auch ein hubbewegtes Oberwerkzeug, welches mit einem Unterwerkzeug zusammenwirkt. Das Unterwerkzeug kann dabei insbesondere ortsfest sein. Handelt es sich bei der Bearbeitungsstation um eine Ausbrechstation zum Ausbrechen von Abfällen aus Bogen, so sind Oberwerkzeug und Unterwerkzeug als Ausbrechwerkzeug ausgeführt. Handelt es sich bei der Bearbeitungsstation um eine Nutzentrenn- und Ablagestation zum Ablegen von einzelnen Nutzen eines Bogens auf einem Stapel, so sind Oberwerkzeug und Unterwerkzeug als Nutzentrennwerkzeug ausgeführt. Erfindungsgemäß besitzt das Oberwerkzeug eine Werkzeugaufnahme und ein Hubwerkzeug, welches von der Werkzeugaufnahme gehalten wird. Der Abstand zwischen dem Hubwerkzeug und der Werkzeugaufnahme ist dabei veränderlich. Diese Abstandsänderung geschieht in einer besonders vorteilhaften und daher bevorzugten Ausführungsform durch eine Hubbewegung, insbesondere eine reine Vertikalbewegung, des Hubwerkzeugs. In anderen Worten: Das Hubwerkzeug wird angehoben.The inventive processing station for a flatbed sheet punching and / or embossing machine has a sheet transport system for transporting the sheets through the processing station as well as a lifting upper tool, which cooperates with a lower tool. The lower tool can in particular be stationary. If the processing station is a breakout station for breaking out of waste from bow, so upper tool and lower tool are designed as stripping. If the processing station is a blanking and depositing station for depositing a single use of a sheet on a stack, the upper tool and lower tool are designed as a blanking tool. According to the invention, the upper tool has a tool holder and a lifting tool, which is held by the tool holder. The distance between the lifting tool and the tool holder is variable. This change in distance occurs in a particularly advantageous and therefore preferred embodiment by a lifting movement, in particular a pure vertical movement, of the lifting tool. In other words: The lifting tool is raised.
Dadurch wird in vorteilhafter Weise ermöglicht, dass auch dann, wenn ein Probebogen entnommen werden soll, der Antrieb der Bearbeitungsstation mit dem Hauptantrieb aller Bearbeitungsstationen der Stanzmaschine gekoppelt bleiben kann. Genau zu dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem ein Bogen, welcher als Probebogen ausgelegt werden soll, die Bearbeitungsstation passiert, wird der Abstand zwischen dem Hubwerkzeug und der Werkzeugaufnahme soweit durch eine Hubbewegung reduziert, dass das Hubwerkzeug im Zuge seines normalen Arbeitstaktes keine Bearbeitung des Probebogens bewirkt und der Probebogen unterhalb des Hubwerkzeugs unbearbeitet passieren kann. So wird erreicht, dass ein Probebogen zwar keine Bearbeitung durch Oberwerkzeug und Unterwerkzeug erfährt, dabei die Flachbett-Bogenstanz- und/oder Prägemaschine als übergeordnetes System der Bearbeitungsstation jedoch nicht abgeschaltet werden muss.This makes it possible in an advantageous manner that even if a sample sheet is to be removed, the drive of the processing station can remain coupled to the main drive of all processing stations of the punching machine. Exactly at the time at which a sheet which is to be designed as a test sheet passes through the processing station, the distance between the lifting tool and the tool holder is reduced so far by a lifting movement that the lifting tool causes no processing of the sample sheet in the course of its normal working cycle and the sample sheet below the lifting tool can pass unprocessed. Thus, it is achieved that a test sheet does not undergo any machining by upper tool and lower tool, while the flat-bed sheet punching and / or embossing machine as a higher-level system of the processing station, however, does not have to be switched off.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist das Hubwerkzeug durch mindestens einen Aktuator mit der Werkzeugaufnahme verbunden, wobei der mindestens eine Aktuator die Abstandsänderung bewirkt. Insbesondere können auch vier Aktuatoren vorgesehen sein, nämlich je ein Aktuator an einer jeweiligen Ecke des Hubwerkzeugs. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante ist der mindestens eine Aktuator als Pneumatikzylinder ausgeführt, da dieser zum einen kurze Schaltzeiten ermöglicht und zum anderen Schwingungen und Stöße während der Hubbewegungen des Oberwerkzeugs toleriert.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the lifting tool is connected by at least one actuator with the tool holder, wherein the at least one actuator causes the change in distance. In particular, four actuators may be provided, namely one actuator each at a respective corner of the lifting tool. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one actuator is designed as a pneumatic cylinder, as this allows for a short switching times and on the other tolerates vibrations and shocks during the lifting movements of the upper tool.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung besitzt die Bearbeitungsstation eine Probebogenauslage, welche beispielsweise als Kassette oder Auffangschale ausgebildet sein kann. Diese kann insbesondere unterhalb des Bogentransportsystems der Bearbeitungsstation angeordnet sein, sodass ein jeweiliger Probebogen von dem Bogentransportsystem bis zur Probebogenauslage transportiert und dort freigegeben werden kann. Dies ermöglicht es dem Maschinenbediener in einfacher Art und Weise den Probebogen zu entnehmen.In an advantageous development, the processing station has a test sheet display, which may be formed, for example, as a cassette or drip tray. This can be arranged in particular below the sheet transport system of the processing station, so that a respective sample sheet can be transported from the sheet transport system to the test sheet delivery and released there. This allows the operator to easily remove the sample sheet.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsstation besitzt diese eine Steuereinheit, welche unter Nutzung einer vom Maschinenbediener vorgegebenen Anzahl von Probebogen, der Bogentransportgeschwindigkeit und gegebenenfalls dem Maschinentakt den mindestens einen Aktuator ansteuert. So wird der mindestens eine Aktuator dann unter Berücksichtigung des Arbeitstaktes und der erforderlichen Stellgeschwindigkeit angesteuert, wenn ein Probebogen die Bearbeitungsstation unbearbeitet passieren soll. Diese Steuereinheit kann dabei insbesondere auch in die Steuereinheit einer übergeordneten Stanzmaschine integriert sein.In an advantageous development of the processing station according to the invention, the latter has a control unit which controls the at least one actuator by using a number of test sheets, the sheet transport speed and, if applicable, the machine cycle predetermined by the machine operator. Thus, the at least one actuator is then actuated taking into account the working cycle and the required actuating speed when a sample sheet is to pass through the processing station unprocessed. This control unit can be integrated in particular in the control unit of a higher-level punching machine.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Bogenstanz- und/oder Prägemaschine zum Stanzen und/oder Prägen von Bogen aus Papier, Pappe, Kunststoff und dergleichen mit einem Bogentransportsystem, mit einem Anleger, mit einer Stanz- und/oder Prägestation und mindestens einer weiteren Bearbeitungsstation, insbesondere einer Ausbrechstation und einem Ausleger, wobei mindestens der Ausleger gemäß der vorstehenden Beschreibung der erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsstation ausgeführt ist. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es jedoch, wenn sowohl Ausbrechstation als auch Ausleger die erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform aufweisen, da so ein Probebogen ausgelegt werden kann, welcher nur den Stanzvorgang im Sinne einer Bogenverarbeitung erfahren hat.The invention also relates to a sheet punching and / or embossing machine for punching and / or embossing sheets of paper, cardboard, plastic and the like with a sheet transport system, with a feeder, with a punching and / or embossing station and at least one further processing station, in particular a stripping station and a boom, wherein at least the boom is designed according to the above description of the processing station according to the invention. However, it is particularly advantageous if both breaking station and boom have the embodiment according to the invention, since such a test sheet can be designed, which has only experienced the punching process in the sense of sheet processing.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Ausschleusen und Ablegen von einem Probebogen in einer Probebogenauslage einer Bogenstanz- und/oder -prägemaschine, wobei diese insbesondere, wie obenstehend beschrieben ausgeführt ist, mit mindestens einer Stanzstation und mindestens einer weiteren Bearbeitungsstation, welche insbesondere wie obenstehend beschrieben ausgeführt ist, wobei das Verfahren die nachfolgenden Schritte aufweist:The invention also relates to a method for discharging and depositing a sample sheet in a test sheet delivery of a sheet punching and / or embossing machine, wherein this particular, as described above, with at least one punching station and at least one further processing station, which in particular as described above, the method comprising the following steps:
In einem ersten Schritt wird ein Bogen in die Bogenstanzmaschine zugeführt, der Bogen wird mittels einer Transporteinrichtung durch die Maschine transportiert und es erfolgt eine Bearbeitung des Bogens mindestens durch die mindestens eine Stanzstation. In einem zweiten Schritt wird das Hubwerkzeug des Oberwerkzeugs mindestens einer der Bearbeitungsstationen, nämlich zumindest einer Nutzentrenn- und Ablegestation - auch als Ausleger bezeichnet- durch Anheben in eine Außerwirkungsstellung verbracht. Auch wenn das Oberwerkzeug seine arbeitstaktgemäße Hubbewegung durchführt, bewirkt es in dieser Außerwirkungsstellung keine Bearbeitung des Probebogens. Deshalb kann der Probebogen in einem nächsten Schritt in die Probebogenauslage transportiert werden. Nachfolgend kann das Hubwerkzeug wieder in seine Arbeitsstellung abgesenkt werden, sodass nachfolgende Bogen wieder regulär durch das Hubwerkzeug bearbeitet werden.In a first step, a sheet is fed into the sheet punching machine, the sheet is transported by a transport device through the machine and there is a processing of the sheet at least by the at least one punching station. In a second step, the lifting tool of the upper tool of at least one of the processing stations, namely at least one Nutzentrenn- and depositing station - also referred to as boom - spent by lifting in a non-operative position. Even if the upper tool carries out its working stroke stroke movement, it causes no processing of the sample sheet in this non-action position. Therefore, the sample sheet can be transported in a next step in the sample sheet delivery. Subsequently, the lifting tool can be lowered back into its working position, so that subsequent sheets are processed again regularly by the lifting tool.
Durch ein geringfügig modifiziertes Verfahren kann auch eine Mehrzahl von Probebögen ausgeschleust werden. Dazu werden nach dem Anheben und vor dem erneuten Absenken des Hubwerkzeugs mehrere Bögen in der Stanzstation bearbeitet und bis in die Probebogenauslage transportiert.By a slightly modified method, a plurality of sample sheets can be discharged. For this purpose, after lifting and before lowering again the lifting tool several sheets processed in the punching station and transported to the test sheet delivery.
Die beschriebene Erfindung und die beschriebenen vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen der Erfindung stellen auch in beliebiger Kombination miteinander vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung dar.The described invention and the described advantageous developments of the invention are also in any combination with each other advantageous developments of the invention.
Hinsichtlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung wird auf die Unteransprüche sowie die Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen verwiesen.With regard to further advantageous embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the dependent claims and the description of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Die Erfindung soll an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiels noch näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung
- Fig 1.
- eine erfindungsgemäße Bogenstanz- und/oder -prägemaschine in einer Übersichtsdarstellung
- Fig. 2a
- eine Bearbeitungsstation zu einer ersten Momentaufnahme
- Fig. 2b
- die Bearbeitungsstation zu einer zweiten Momentaufnahme
- Fig. 3a
- eine erfindungsgemäße Bearbeitungsstation zu einer ersten Momentaufnahme
- Fig. 3b
- die erfindungsgemäße Bearbeitungsstation zu einer zweiten Momentaufnahme während dem Ausschleusen eines Probebogens
- Fig. 1
- an inventive sheet punching and / or embossing machine in an overview
- Fig. 2a
- a workstation to a first snapshot
- Fig. 2b
- the workstation to a second snapshot
- Fig. 3a
- a processing station according to the invention to a first snapshot
- Fig. 3b
- the processing station according to the invention to a second snapshot during the discharge of a sample sheet
In
Die Bögen 6 werden durch einen Anleger 1 von einem Stapel vereinzelt, dem Bogentransportsystem 7 zugeführt und von an Greiferbrücken eines Greiferwagens 8 befestigten Greifern an ihrer Vorderkante ergriffen und in Bogentransportrichtung B intermittierend durch die verschiedenen Stationen 2, 3 und 4 der Stanz- und Prägemaschine 100 hindurchgezogen.The
Das Bogentransportsystem 7 besitzt mehrere Greiferwagen 8, sodass mehrere Bögen 6 gleichzeitig in den verschiedenen Stationen 2, 3 und 4 bearbeitet werden können. Die Greiferwagen 8 können von einem Kettenantrieb oder in einer alternativen Ausführungsform durch einen elektromagnetischen Linearantrieb mit Wanderfeldmotoren angetrieben werden, wie beispielsweise in der
Die Stanzstation 2 besteht aus einem unteren Tiegel, einem sog. Untertisch 9, und einem oberen Tiegel, einem sog. Obertisch 10. Der Obertisch 10 ist vertikal hin- und herbewegbar gelagert und mit Stanz- und Rillmessern versehen. Der Untertisch 9 ist fest im Maschinengestell gelagert und mit einer Gegenplatte zu den Stanz- und Rillmessern versehen. Alternativ kann auch der Obertisch 10 feststehend und der Untertisch 9 bewegt sein. Beim Prägen kommen an Stelle der Stanz- und Rillwerkzeuge Prägewerkzeuge, insbesondere in Form sogenannter Prägeklischees, zum Einsatz.The punching
Der Greiferwagen 8 transportiert den Bogen 6 von der Stanz- und Prägestation 2 in die nachfolgende Ausbrechstation 3, die mit Ausbrechwerkzeugen 21, 23 ausgestattet ist. In der Ausbrechstation 3 werden mit Hilfe der Ausbrechwerkzeuge 21, 23 die nicht benötigten Abfallstücke 11 aus dem Bogen 6 nach unten herausgestoßen, wodurch die Abfallstücke 11 in einen unter der Station eingeschobenen wagenartigen Behälter 12 fallen.The
Von der Ausbrechstation 3 gelangt der Bogen 6 in den Ausleger 4, wo der Bogen 6.1 entweder nur einfach abgelegt wird, oder aber gleichzeitig eine Trennung der einzelnen Nutzen 6.2 eines jeweiligen Bogens 6 erfolgt. Dazu besitzt der Ausleger 4 ein Nutzentrennwerkzeug 21, 23. Der Ausleger 4 kann auch eine Palette 13 enthalten, auf der die einzelnen Bögen 6 bzw. Nutzen 6.2 in Form eines Stapels 14 aufgestapelt werden, so dass nach Erreichen einer bestimmten Stapelhöhe die Palette 13 mit dem Bogenstapel 14 aus dem Bereich der Stanz- und Prägemaschine 100 weggefahren werden kann.From the stripping
Die
Soll nun ein Probebogen 6.1 die Bearbeitungsstation 3, 4 passieren ohne dass der Probebogen 6.1 eine Bearbeitung durch die Werkzeuge 21, 23 erfährt, so wird erfindungsgemäß sichergestellt, dass das Oberwerkzeug 21 während seiner taktgemäßen Hubbewegung h nicht in die Bogentransportebene E eintaucht. Dies wird anhand der
Wie in
Wie in
Eine Ausbrechstation 3 kann analog der in den
- 11
- Anlegerinvestor
- 22
- Stanz- und /oder PrägestationPunching and / or embossing station
- 33
- Ausbrechstationstripping
- 44
- Auslegerboom
- 4.14.1
- Antriebdrive
- 4.24.2
- Führung OberwerkzeugGuide upper tool
- 55
- Maschinengehäusemachine housing
- 66
- Bogenbow
- 6.16.1
- Probebogentest sheet
- 6.26.2
- NutzenUse
- 77
- BogentransportsystemSheet transport system
- 88th
- Greiferwagengripper carriages
- 99
- Untertischunder table
- 1010
- Obertischovertable
- 1111
- Abfallstücketrimmings
- 1212
- Wagendare
- 1313
- Palettepalette
- 1414
- Auslagestapeldelivery pile
- 1515
- Steuerung mit Interface und EingabegerätenControl with interface and input devices
- 1616
- Zuführtischfeed
- 1717
- Maschinenantriebmachine drive
- 1919
- Gegenwerkzeug (hubbewegte Ausbrechstifte)Counter tool (lifting stripping pins)
- 2121
- Oberwerkzeug mit StempelnUpper tool with punches
- 21.121.1
- Nutzentrennwerkzeug oder Ausbrechwerkzeug (Hubwerkzeug)Blanking tool or stripping tool (lifting tool)
- 21.221.2
- Werkzeugaufnahmetool holder
- 2222
- Stempelstamp
- 2323
- Nutzentrenngitter oder Ausbrechbrett (Unterwerkzeug)Dividing grille or stripping board (lower tool)
- 2424
- Wechselrahmen zur Aufnahme von einem Nutzentrenngitter oder des Unterwerkzeugs mit AusbrechbrettRemovable frame for holding a dividing grille or the lower tool with break-out board
- 2525
- ProbebogenauslageSample sheet delivery
- 2626
- Aktuator (Pneumatikzylinder)Actuator (pneumatic cylinder)
- 100100
- Bogenstanz- und -prägemaschineSheet punching and embossing machine
- BB
- BogentransportrichtungSheet transport direction
- Ee
- BogentransportebeneSheet transport plane
- HH
- Arbeitshubstroke
- aa
- Abstandsänderung durch HubbewegungDistance change by lifting movement
- hH
- Hubbewegung von OberwerkzeugLifting movement of upper tool
- tt
- EintauchtiefeImmersion depth
Claims (11)
mit einem Bogentransportsystem (7), mit einem von einem Antrieb (4.1) hubbewegten Oberwerkzeug (21) und einem mit diesem zusammenwirkenden, Unterwerkzeug (23) zum Ausbrechen von Abfällen (11) oder zum Trennen der Nutzen (6.2),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Oberwerkzeug (21) eine Werkzeugaufnahme (21.2) und ein Hubwerkzeug (21.1) aufweist, wobei der Abstand zwischen Hubwerkzeug (21.1) und Werkzeugaufnahme (21.2) veränderlich (a) ist.Processing station (3, 4) for a flatbed sheet punching and / or embossing machine (100) for breaking out waste (11) from sheets (6) or for depositing individual use (6.2) of a sheet (6) on a stack ( 14) and test sheets (6.1),
with a sheet transport system (7), with an upper tool (21) which is moved by a drive (4.1) and with a cooperating lower tool (23) for breaking up waste (11) or for separating the use (6.2),
characterized,
in that the upper tool (21) has a tool holder (21.2) and a lifting tool (21.1), wherein the distance between the lifting tool (21.1) and the tool holder (21.2) is variable (a).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Abstandsänderung durch eine Hubbewegung (a) des Hubwerkzeuges (21.1) bewirkt wird.Processing station (3, 4) according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the change in distance is effected by a lifting movement (a) of the lifting tool (21.1).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Hubwerkzeug (21.1) durch mindestens einen Aktuator (26) mit der Werkzeugaufnahme (21.2) verbunden ist und der mindestens eine Aktuator (26) die Abstandsänderung (a) bewirkt.Processing station (3, 4) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the lifting tool (21.1) is connected by at least one actuator (26) with the tool holder (21.2) and the at least one actuator (26) causes the change in distance (a).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass es sich bei dem mindestens einen Aktuator um einen Pneumatikzylinder (26) handelt.Processing station (3, 4) according to claim 3,
characterized,
in that the at least one actuator is a pneumatic cylinder (26).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Bearbeitungsstation (4) eine Probebogenauslage (25) aufweist.Processing station (3, 4) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the processing station (4) has a sample sheet delivery (25).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Bearbeitungsstation (3, 4) eine Steuereinheit (15) besitzt, wobei diese unter Nutzung einer vorgegebenen Anzahl von Probebogen (6.3), der Bogentransportgeschwindigkeit und/oder dem Maschinentakt den mindestens einen Aktuator (26) ansteuert.Processing station (2, 3) according to one of claims 3 to 5,
characterized,
that the processing station (3, 4) has a control unit (15), which actuates using a predetermined number of test sheets (6.3), the sheet transport speed and / or the machine cycle the at least one actuator (26).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Bearbeitungsstation (3, 4) eine Ausbrechstation (3) ist mit einem Ausbrechwerkzeug (21, 23).Processing station (3, 4) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the processing station (3, 4) a stripping station (3) is provided with a stripping tool (21, 23).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Bearbeitungsstation (3, 4) eine Nutzentrenn- und Ablagestation (4) ist mit einem Nutzentrennwerkzeug (21, 23).Processing station (3, 4) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the processing station (3, 4) a Nutzentrenn- and storage station (4) is provided with a blank separating tool (21, 23).
gekennzeichnet
durch nachfolgende Schritte:
marked
by following steps:
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102010051239A DE102010051239A1 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2010-11-12 | Processing station for a punching machine and method for sample sheet delivery |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2452790A1 true EP2452790A1 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
EP2452790B1 EP2452790B1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
Family
ID=45463203
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP11185786.8A Not-in-force EP2452790B1 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2011-10-19 | Processing station for a stamping machine and method for removing a test blank |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2452790B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102554963B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010051239A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2423406T3 (en) |
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CN109366551A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-02-22 | 重庆康嘉药业有限公司 | The efficient slicing device of Chinese medicine |
EP3736044A1 (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-11 | Nivora IP B.V. | Punch press for crushing asbestos containing plate material |
WO2021083676A1 (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-05-06 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Sheet processing machine with at least one sheet storage device, and method for storing sheets |
US20230173705A1 (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2023-06-08 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Cartridge Type Electrode Cutting Apparatus |
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DE102014003294A1 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-10 | Masterwork Machinery Co., Ltd. | Stripping tool for a punching machine |
CN104030076A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-09-10 | 天津长荣印刷设备股份有限公司 | Device for sampling without halt and working method of device |
DE102016103127A1 (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-09-08 | Petratto S.R.L. | Method for processing a sheet by means of an automatic press and automatic press |
FR3037843B1 (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2018-01-05 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CUTTING FIBROUS OR ALVEOLA INSULATING MATERIAL |
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EP1914050A1 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-04-23 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft | Flat-bed cutting press for sheets |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2452790B1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
DE102010051239A1 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
ES2423406T3 (en) | 2013-09-20 |
CN102554963A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
CN102554963B (en) | 2016-01-13 |
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