EP2432757A1 - Procédé de purification de composés halogénés contenant des acides carboxyliques - Google Patents

Procédé de purification de composés halogénés contenant des acides carboxyliques

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Publication number
EP2432757A1
EP2432757A1 EP10723049A EP10723049A EP2432757A1 EP 2432757 A1 EP2432757 A1 EP 2432757A1 EP 10723049 A EP10723049 A EP 10723049A EP 10723049 A EP10723049 A EP 10723049A EP 2432757 A1 EP2432757 A1 EP 2432757A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carboxylic acid
auxiliary base
halogen compounds
hydrogen
acetic acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP10723049A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Günter FORSTER
Vijay Narayanan Swaminathan
Franz Niklaus Windlin
Thomas Leiendecker
Sebastian Peer Smidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP10723049A priority Critical patent/EP2432757A1/fr
Publication of EP2432757A1 publication Critical patent/EP2432757A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C51/43—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
    • C07C51/44—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C51/50—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the purification of halogen compounds containing carboxylic acids.
  • EP-A 0087576 the esterification of tocopherol with acetic anhydride or propionic anhydride to tocopheryl acetate or tocopheryl propionate in the presence of zinc chloride and a liquid hydrocarbon as a solvent.
  • Suitable solvents are hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, benzene or toluene.
  • DE-A 211 97 44 discloses a process for purifying a carboxylic acid contaminated by halogenated materials by introducing a contaminated carboxylic acid stream into a first distillation column between its ends, removing a product stream from the upper part of the first column and placing it in a second column between their ends and removes a carboxylic acid stream from the lower part of the second column, said carboxylic acid stream is substantially free of halogenated material, an overhead fraction of the second column removed, which contains halogenated materials.
  • GB 850 960 describes a process for obtaining monocarboxylic acids from mixtures of monocarboxylic acids and bromine-containing compounds, in which the mixtures are distilled in the presence of a metal compound which prevents volatilization of the bromine-containing compounds.
  • EP-A 0 135 085 discloses a process for the separation of iodine and its compounds from the carbonylation products acetic acid, acetic anhydride or ethylidene diacetate obtained in the carbonylation of dimethyl ether, methyl acetate or methanol.
  • EP-A 0 545 101 discloses a process for the purification of waste acetic acid, wherein the waste acetic acid is added in a first step with a complex-forming metal or one of its compounds and a basic compound and this mixture at a temperature between 25 and 1 18 0 C. holding a period of 1 to 6 hours, distilled off in a second step, a flow and distilled off in a third step purified acetic acid from a low-volatile bubble residue overhead.
  • the invention provides a process for the purification of carboxylic acids containing halogen compounds, in which the carboxylic acid is distilled in the presence of a sparingly volatile auxiliary base, the halide of which is liquid at the boiling point of the carboxylic acid.
  • the distillation is carried out in the absence of transition metal compounds, and preferably in the absence of inorganic bases.
  • halide of the auxiliary base is understood as meaning the reaction product of the auxiliary base with a hydrogen halide. Since the halide of the auxiliary base is liquid under the process conditions, the formation of solid deposits in the distillation apparatus is prevented and the removal of the halide in liquid form from the bottom of the distillation apparatus allows. These are decisive advantages in the distillation.
  • halogen is understood to mean fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I), preferably chlorine or bromine, in particular chlorine.
  • the halogen compounds to be removed according to the invention include (free) hydrogen halide and organic halogen compounds, in particular ⁇ -halocarboxylic acids. It is understood that hydrogen halides can dissociate in an equilibrium reaction to protons and halide ions. For the present purposes, therefore, halide ions are also attributed to the hydrogen halides.
  • the inventive method is particularly applicable to carboxylic acids containing hydrogen halide, optionally in combination with organic halogen compounds.
  • the process according to the invention is suitable for the purification of all carboxylic acids which are essentially distillable without decomposition.
  • the carboxylic acid to be purified is preferably liquid at 25 ° C.
  • aliphatic monocarboxylic acids include aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, in particular aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, pivalic acid, caproic acid, ethylhexanoic acid, propylheptanoic acid, isononanoic acid and cyclopentanecarboxylic acid.
  • the content of halogen compounds (calculated as halogen) in the carboxylic acid to be purified can generally be up to 5% by weight, usually up to 1% by weight, generally up to 0.1% by weight.
  • the content of halogen compounds (calculated as halogen) in the carboxylic acid purified by the process according to the invention is generally less than 100 ppm, preferably less than 20 ppm, in particular less than 5 ppm.
  • the total content of halogen compounds can be determined by methods known in the art of elemental analysis, z. B.
  • the carboxylic acid also contains at least one low boiler.
  • Low boilers are understood to mean compounds having a boiling point below the boiling point of the carboxylic acid to be purified.
  • the contamination of the carboxylic acid by low boilers generally results from organic solvents in which chemical reactions, eg. As acylations with carboxylic anhydrides are carried out, as their by-product, the carboxylic acid is obtained, which is the starting material of the process according to the invention.
  • Suitable low-boiling components are, for example:
  • aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-pentane, pentane isomers and mixtures thereof, n-hexane, hexane isomers and mixtures thereof, n-heptane, heptane isomers and mixtures thereof, n-octane, octane isomers and mixtures thereof, isooctane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin;
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and mixtures thereof;
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, 1, 2-dichloroethane, 1, 2-dichloroethene, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane;
  • Ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE), dioxane, tetrahydrofuran;
  • Esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate;
  • Ketones such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, cyclohexanone.
  • the maximum content of low-boiling carboxylic acid to be purified corresponds to the amount of low boilers which is homogeneously soluble in the carboxylic acid, generally up to 50 wt .-%, usually up to 3 wt .-% or up to 1 wt .-%.
  • the content of low-boiling components in the carboxylic acid purified by the process according to the invention is generally less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.5% by weight, in particular less than 0.1% by weight.
  • the distillation can be carried out at reduced pressure, atmospheric pressure or overpressure.
  • a preferred pressure range is 15 mbar to 1 bar, preferably 200 to 600 mbar.
  • the distillation may in a temperature range (temperature at the bottom) of 20 ° to 250 0 C, preferably at least 70 0 C is performed.
  • the distillation can be carried out with sufficient boiling point difference between carboxylic acid and auxiliary base as simple distillation, i. H. essentially without mass transfer between vapors and condensate.
  • the distillation is carried out as a fractional distillation in one or more, such as 2 or 3 distillation apparatuses.
  • customary apparatus come into consideration for the distillation, as described, for example, in
  • the distillation takes place in one or more columns with internals, which consist of trays, rotating internals, disordered and / or ordered packs.
  • internals consist of trays, rotating internals, disordered and / or ordered packs.
  • Columns used in the process according to the invention may have random beds with different packing. They can be made of any suitable materials such as steel, stainless steel, nickel base alloys such as HC, copper, carbon, earthenware, porcelain, glass, plastics and in various forms such as spheres, rings with smooth or profiled surfaces, rings with inner webs or wall openings , Wire mesh rings, calipers and spirals.
  • suitable materials such as steel, stainless steel, nickel base alloys such as HC, copper, carbon, earthenware, porcelain, glass, plastics and in various forms such as spheres, rings with smooth or profiled surfaces, rings with inner webs or wall openings , Wire mesh rings, calipers and spirals.
  • Packages with regular geometry can, for. B. consist of sheets or tissues.
  • packings are Sulzer metal or plastic BX packages, Sulzer lamellar packs Mellapack made of sheet metal, structural packings by Sulzer (Optiflow), Montz (BSH) and Kühni (Rombopack).
  • the distillation column (s) is (are) provided with means for bottom heating.
  • evaporators come into consideration, which are installed in the sump, such as a Robert evaporator, or a circulation with an external evaporator, eg. B. tube or plate heat exchanger.
  • a circulation is then for example a forced circulation or a natural circulation.
  • the distillation column (s) is (are) usually also provided with means for condensing and collecting the overhead product. About a condensate divider, a portion of the overhead condensate can be given as reflux back to the columns.
  • the distillation can be carried out in columns connected in series, first a low boiler fraction being withdrawn from the head in a low boiler column and then a bottom discharge from the low boiler column being passed into a pure carboxylic acid column, in which the pure carboxylic acid is separated from a high-boiling bottom residue.
  • the low boiler fraction may consist of substantially pure low boilers and / or a low boiler carboxylic acid azeotrope.
  • a mixture of the carboxylic acid to be purified and the auxiliary base is introduced into a distillation column between its head and sump.
  • the distillation column comprises a tower section designed as a buoyancy section with a plurality of theoretical plates above the inlet, a column section designed as a stripping section below the inlet.
  • Low boilers are withdrawn at the top of the distillation column, z. B. as pure low boilers and / or in the form of a low-boiling carboxylic acid azeotrope.
  • the withdrawal of the pure carboxylic acid takes place in gaseous form from the lower region, the bottom or the circulation of the bottom heating of the distillation column.
  • the auxiliary base and the halide of the auxiliary base accumulate in the swamp.
  • the mixture of the carboxylic acid to be purified and the auxiliary base may conveniently be reacted in a pre-reactor prior to introduction into the distillation column to complete the reaction between the hydrogen halide and the auxiliary base and / or thermal decomposition reactions of organic halogen compounds.
  • This embodiment is z. B. particularly suitable when the carboxylic acid is acetic acid and the low boilers heptane (including heptane isomer mixtures).
  • the distillation of the carboxylic acid takes place in the presence of a low-volatility auxiliary base.
  • the term low volatility is intended to mean that the boiling point of the auxiliary base at the pressure at which the distillation is carried out, is higher than that of the carboxylic acid, preferably at least 35 0 C higher, especially at least 50 0 C higher, more preferably at least 75 0 C. , higher than the boiling point of the carboxylic acid.
  • the auxiliary base is selected so that the halide of the auxiliary base is liquid at the boiling point of the carboxylic acid.
  • Such liquid salts are often referred to as ionic liquids.
  • the auxiliary base binds the hydrogen halide present in the carboxylic acid and / or eliminated by thermal action from halogen compounds and in this way lowers its vapor pressure, so that the hydrogen halide is retained in the distillation bottoms and does not pass into the distillate.
  • the auxiliary base is used in stoichiometric amount or in stoichiometric excess (calculated as neutralization equivalents of the auxiliary base), based on the halogen compounds present in the carboxylic acid to be purified (calculated as halogen atoms).
  • neutralization equivalent we mean the imaginary fraction of the bass that can take up a proton.
  • the auxiliary base is generally used in an amount of 1 to 30 equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 equivalents (calculated as neutralization equivalents) based on the halogen compounds present (calculated as halogen atoms).
  • the compounds which can be used as auxiliary bases can contain phosphorus sulfur or nitrogen atoms, for example at least one nitrogen atom, preferably one to ten nitrogen atoms, particularly preferably one to five, very particularly preferably one to three and in particular one to two nitrogen atoms.
  • other heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus atoms may be included.
  • Particularly preferred compounds are those which have a molecular weight below 1000 g / mol, very particularly preferably below 500 g / mol and in particular below 250 g / mol.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen, Ci-Cis-alkyl, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups C 2 -C 18 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl, C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl or a five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur-containing heterocycle or two of them together form an unsaturated, saturated or aromatic ring optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups, said radicals being in each case denoted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryl - Loxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles may be substituted.
  • Ci-Cis-alkyl for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, Hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, Benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl, benzhydryl, p-tolylmethyl
  • C 2 -C -alkyl which is optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups, for example 5-hydroxy-3-oxa-pentyl, 8-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo-octyl, 11-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trioxa-undecyl, 7-hydroxy-4-oxa-heptyl, 1-hydroxy-4,8-dioxa-undecyl, 15-hydroxy-4,8,12-trioxa-pentadecyl , 9-hydroxy-5-oxa-nonyl, 14-hydroxy-5,10-oxotetradecyl, 5-methoxy-3-oxa-pentyl, 8-methoxy-3,6-dioxa-octyl, 11-methoxy-3 , 6,9-trioxa undecyl, 7-methoxy-4-
  • radicals may be together 1, 3
  • the number of oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or imino groups is not limited. As a rule, it is not more than 5 in the radical, preferably not more than 4, and very particularly preferably not more than 3.
  • At least one carbon atom preferably at least two, is usually present between two heteroatoms.
  • Substituted and unsubstituted imino groups may be, for example, imino, methylimino, / so-propylimino, n-butylimino or fe / t-butylimino.
  • aryl optionally substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles substituted C6-Ci2-aryl for example phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, ⁇ -naphthyl, ß-naphthyl, 4-diphenylyl, chlorophenyl, dichlorophenyl, tri - chlorophenyl, difluorophenyl, methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, trimethylphenyl, ethylphenyl, diethylphenyl, / so-propylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, hexyloxyphenyl, methylnaphthyl, isopropylnaphthyl, chlor
  • cyclopentyl optionally substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles substituted C5-Ci2-cycloalkyl for example cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, cyclododecyl, methylcyclopentyl, dimethylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl, butylcyclohexyl, Me - thoxycyclohexyl, dimethoxycyclohexyl, diethoxycyclohexyl, butylthiocyclohexyl, chlorocyclohexyl, dichlorocyclohexyl, dichlorocyclopentyl and a saturated or unsaturated bicyclic system such as norbornyl or norbornenyl,
  • a five- to six-membered heterocycle having oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur atoms for example furyl, thiophenyl, pyrryl, pyridyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, dioxolyl, dioxyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, dimethylpyridyl, methylquinolyl, dimethylpyrryl, methoxyfuryl, dimethoxypyridyl, Difluorpyridyl, methylthiophenyl, isopropylthiophenyl or tert-butylthiophenyl and
  • Ci to C4-alkyl for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are preferably independently of one another hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2- (methoxycarbonyl) -ethyl, 2
  • Particularly preferred pyridines (Ia) are those in which one of the radicals R 1 to R 5 is methyl, ethyl or chlorine and all others are hydrogen, or R 3 are dimethylamino and all others are hydrogen or are all hydrogen or R 2 is carboxy or carboxamide and all others are hydrogen or R 1 and R 2 or R 2 and R 3 are 1, 4-butan-1, 3-dienylene and all others are hydrogen.
  • Particularly preferred pyridazines (Ib) are those in which one of the radicals R 1 to R 4 is methyl or ethyl and all others are hydrogen or all hydrogen.
  • Particularly preferred pyrimidines (Ic) are those in which R 2 to R 4 is hydrogen or methyl and R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, or R 2 and R 4 are methyl, R 3 is hydrogen and R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl is.
  • Particularly preferred pyrazines (Id) are those in which R 1 to R 4 are all methyl or all hydrogen.
  • Particularly preferred imidazoles (Ie) are those in which R 1 is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-octyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-cyanoethyl and
  • R 2 to R 4 independently of one another denote hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
  • Particularly preferred 1 H-pyrazoles (If) are those in which independently of one another
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen or methyl
  • Particularly preferred 3H-pyrazoles (Ig) are those in which independently of one another
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen or methyl
  • Particularly preferred 4H-pyrazoles (Ih) are those in which independently of one another
  • R 1 to R 4 are hydrogen or methyl
  • Particularly preferred 1-pyrazolines (Ii) are those in which independently of one another
  • R 1 to R 6 are hydrogen or methyl
  • Particularly preferred 2-pyrazolines (Ij) are those in which independently of each other
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl
  • R 2 to R 6 are hydrogen or methyl are selected.
  • Particularly preferred 3-pyrazolines (Ik) are those in which independently of each other
  • R 1 or R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl
  • R 3 to R 6 are hydrogen or methyl
  • Particularly preferred imidazolines (II) are those in which independently of one another
  • R 1 or R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl or phenyl and
  • R 3 or R 4 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 5 or R 6 is hydrogen or methyl
  • Particularly preferred imidazolines (Im) are those in which independently of one another
  • R 1 or R 2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 3 to R 6 are hydrogen or methyl
  • Particularly preferred imidazolines (In) are those in which independently of one another
  • R 1 , R 2 or R 3 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 4 to R 6 are hydrogen or methyl
  • Particularly preferred thiazoles (lo) or oxazoles (Ip) are those in which independently of one another
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl
  • R 2 or R 3 is hydrogen or methyl
  • Particularly preferred 1,2,4-triazoles (Iq) are those in which independently of one another
  • R 1 or R 2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl
  • Particularly preferred 1,2,3-triazoles (Ir) are those in which independently of one another
  • R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
  • R 2 or R 3 are selected from hydrogen or methyl or
  • R 2 and R 3 are 1, 4-buta-1, 3-dienylene and all others are hydrogen.
  • pyridines and imidazoles are preferred.
  • R a , R b and R c independently of one another each Ci-Cis-alkyl, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino C2-Ci8-alkyl, C6-Ci2-aryl or C5-C12-cycloalkyl or a five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur-containing heterocycle or two of them together an unsaturated, saturated or aromatic and optionally by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups form interrupted ring, where the radicals mentioned may each be substituted by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles,
  • At least two of the three radicals R a, R b and R c are different and the radicals R a, R b and R c together is at least 8, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 12 and most preferably at least 13 carbon atoms.
  • R a , R b and R c are each independently C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl or C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl and particularly preferably C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, where the radicals mentioned are each represented by functional groups, aryl, Alkyl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles may be substituted.
  • R a , R b and R c are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl (n-amyl), 2- Pentyl (sec-amyl), 3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-prop-1-yl (neo-pentyl), n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl, phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, ⁇ -naphthyl, ß-naphthyl, cyclopent
  • radicals R a , R b and R c may be, for example, 1,4-butylene or 1,5-pentylene.
  • tertiary amines of the formula (XI) are diethyl-n-butylamine, diethyl-tert-butylamine, diethyl-n-pentylamine, diethyl-hexylamine, diethyl-octylamine, diethyl (2-ethylhexyl) -amine, di n-propyl-butylamine, di-n-propyl-n-pentylamine, di-n-propyl-hexylamine, di-n-propyl-octylamine, di-n-propyl- (2-ethylhexyl) -amine, di-iso -propyl-ethylamine, di-isopropyl-n-propylamine, di-iso-propyl-butylamine, di-iso-propyl-pentylamine, di-iso-propyl-hexylamine,
  • Preferred tertiary amines (XI) are di-isopropylethylamine, diethyl-tert-butylamine, diisopropyl-butylamine, di-n-butyl-n-pentylamine, N, N-di-n-butylcyclohexylamine and tertiary Amines of pentyl isomers.
  • tertiary amines are di-n-butyl-n-pentylamine and tertiary amines of pentyl isomers.
  • the melting points of the salts of the particularly preferred auxiliary bases are generally below 160 ° C., more preferably below 100 ° C., and very preferably below 80 ° C.
  • the hydrochloride of 1-methylimidazole has a melting point of about 75 0 C
  • the hydrochloride of 2-ethylpyridine a melting point of about 55 0 C.
  • the hydrochloride of 1-butylimidazole is already liquid at room temperature. From the halide of the auxiliary base obtained as a high boiler, the free base can be recovered and returned to the process by a manner known to the person skilled in the art.
  • auxiliary base with a strong base, for example NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2 , lime, Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , or KHCO 3 , optionally in a solvent , such as water, methanol, ethanol, n- or / so-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol or butanol or pentanol isomer mixtures or acetone releases.
  • the auxiliary base thus released can, if it forms a separate phase separated or if it is miscible with the salt of the stronger base or the solution of the salt of the stronger base, be separated by distillation from the mixture.
  • extractants are, for example, solvents, alcohols or amines.
  • the auxiliary base can be washed with water or aqueous NaCl or Na 2 SO 4 solution and then dried, for example by removal of optionally contained water by means of azeotropic distillation with benzene, toluene, xylene butanol or cyclohexane.
  • the base can be distilled before reuse.
  • Another possibility of recycling is to distill the halide of the auxiliary base, the salt being thermally converted into its starting materials, i. the free base and hydrogen halide is split.
  • inorganic bases are used instead of the sparingly volatile auxiliary base in the process according to the invention for the purification of halogen compounds, then, as described above, the distillation of carboxylic acids in the presence of inorganic bases leads to results which do not show all the advantages of the present invention Have method.
  • inorganic bases alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates and alkali metal bicarbonates, as well as mixtures of said alkali and alkaline earth metal salts.
  • aqueous solutions of these inorganic bases are used, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic base: water is between 10:90 and 90:10, preferably between 25:75 and 75:25, particularly preferably between 40:60 and 60:40.
  • Carboxylic acids containing halogen compounds include the carboxylic acids contaminated with halogen compounds described above.
  • the contaminated carboxylic acids may contain a low-boiling component, with the low-boiling components described above being suitable in the amounts also described above.
  • a mixture of the carboxylic acid to be purified and the inorganic base is introduced into a distillation column between its top and bottom, withdrawn low boilers at the top of the distillation column and pure carboxylic acid gaseous from the lower region, the bottom or the circulation of the sump heater Withdrawn distillation column.
  • the same apparatuses are considered as described above.
  • the mixture of the carboxylic acid to be purified and the inorganic base is introduced into a distillation column between its head and sump.
  • the distillation column comprises a lift section with a plurality of theoretical separation trays designed column section above the inlet, designed as a stripping section column shot below the inlet.
  • Low boilers are withdrawn at the top of the distillation column, z. B. as pure low boilers and / or in the form of a low-boiling carboxylic acid azeotrope.
  • the withdrawal of the pure carboxylic acid takes place in gaseous form from the lower region, the bottom or the circulation of the bottom heating of the distillation column.
  • the inorganic base and the halide of the base accumulate in the bottom.
  • the mixture of the carboxylic acid to be purified and the inorganic base may conveniently be reacted in a pre-reactor prior to introduction into the distillation column to complete the reaction between the hydrogen halide and the base and / or thermal decomposition reactions of organic halogen compounds.
  • This embodiment is z. B. particularly suitable when the carboxylic acid is acetic acid and the low boilers heptane (including mixtures of isomers).
  • the process can be carried out batchwise or preferably continuously.
  • the inorganic base binds the hydrogen halide present in the carboxylic acid and / or eliminated by thermal action from halogen compounds salt formation and thus lowers its vapor pressure, so that the hydrogen halide is held in the distillation bottoms and not in the distillate Ü occur.
  • the inorganic base is used in stoichiometric amount or in stoichiometric excess (calculated as neutralization equivalents of the base), based on the halogen compounds present in the carboxylic acid to be purified (calculated as halogen atoms).
  • Neutralization equivalent is understood to mean the imaginary fraction of the base that can take up a proton.
  • the base is generally used in an amount of 1 to 30 equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 equivalents (calculated as neutralization equivalents) based on the halogen compounds present (calculated as halogen atoms).
  • solid deposits can form in the distillation apparatus, which can impair the trouble-free operation of the distillation apparatus.
  • Example 1 Separation of chloride and heptane from acetic acid by means of methylimidazole
  • Test 2 Test 1 was repeated, but 97.50 g of acetic acid were initially charged and 2.50 g
  • Test 1 was repeated but with 99.00 g of acetic acid being added and 1.00 g of MIA added. The addition was observed some smoking and heating to 4 0 C to 29 0 C.
  • On further heating (, 90.2 g of fraction 2, single phase) was at 0 to 166 C BT, to 147 0 C and up to 1 ST 16-120 0 C ÜT of the main runner over.
  • An apparatus consisting of two thin-layer evaporators with a wiper (wiper length 20 cm) was used.
  • a mixing bottle 1000 ml bottle
  • the acetic acid to be purified was introduced by means of a funnel;
  • bottom discharge from the second thin-film evaporator was returned via a membrane metering pump.
  • the bottle was shaken by hand to mix the contents.
  • the first thin film evaporator which was flushed in countercurrent with nitrogen, fed via a diaphragm metering feed from the mixing bottle.
  • the distillate was collected below the side condenser, the bottom was passed into a 50 oL 2-neck flask heated with a thermostat.
  • Sump discharge was passed from the first thin film evaporator to the second thin film evaporator via a membrane metering pump.
  • the distillate was separated via a 10 cm column with 8 mm Raschig rings and distilled off via a distillation bridge. Of the Swamp was transferred to a 500ml 2-neck flask heated with a thermostat.
  • the biphasic condensate is discarded.
  • the sump is conveyed after a lead time of about 20 minutes directly into the second thin-film evaporator, in which acetic acid is obtained as a distillate, which was collected.
  • the sump was conveyed into the mixing bottle (after 1 h 30 min, 2 h 10 min, 2 h 30 min, 2 h 50 min).
  • Acetic acid mixed with recycled sump from the second thin film evaporator was placed in the mixing bottle.
  • the apparatus used consisted of a pre-reactor and a bubble tray column with 8 plates.
  • the prereactor used was a 50 ml standard reactor with overflow and glass stirrer at 50 rpm.
  • Acetic acid was fed in via a diaphragm metering pump with Teflon internals, and the base was fed via a piston metering pump with Teflon internals.
  • the standard bubble tray column used had a total of 8 bubble trays and was heated with electric heating jackets.
  • the sump was a 2.5L standard reactor with two standard sanders with glass stirrer and level control, which was heated with a thermostat. Vacuum was generated by a regulated oil pump.
  • the feed from the prereactor was moved to the bottom 4 of the bubble tray column.
  • the second standard ground section of the bottom reactor lid was followed by a steam outlet.
  • the vapor was condensed in an intensive condenser.
  • the condensate was pumped out with a diaphragm metering pump.
  • the head of the condenser was connected directly to bottom 6 (counted from the sump) via a PVC hose and a built-in needle valve.
  • excess distillate was pumped directly into the sump via a bypass with built-in diaphragm dosing pump.
  • the blending mixture was withdrawn via a heated bridge at the top of the column, condensed on a condenser and placed on a magnetic fluid divider set in the ratio 99: 1.
  • the larger stream was returned to the top of the column by means of a controlled diaphragm metering pump, and the smaller stream was removed by means of a level-controlled diaphragm metering pump.
  • MIA 1-methylimidazole
  • a vacuum of 515 mbar was set.
  • the bottom heating was set at 139 0 C and was gradually increased to 144 0 C; the heating bands were set to 100 0 C / 90 0 C / 60 0 C / 40 0 C.
  • the temperature of the pre-reactor was 78 0 C, the temperature of the condenser 94 0 C. It withdrew 480 g / h of pure acetic acid.
  • the total chlorine content of the acetic acid used was 0.07%. In the obtained pure acetic acid, the total chlorine content was less than 10 ppm.
  • the chloride ion content in the pure acetic acid was determined to be 4 ppm.
  • the heptane content decreased from 1% to 0.1%.
  • Example 3 The apparatus used consisted as in Example 3 of a pre-reactor and a bubble tray column with 8 trays.
  • the prereactor is identical to Example 3.
  • the acetic acid was premixed in a bottle with the base.
  • the feed of the acetic acid-base mixture was carried out via a diaphragm metering pump with Teflon internals.
  • the standard bubble tray column used is identical to Example 3, and the bottom and the vacuum correspond to Example 3.
  • the feed from the prereactor was moved to the bottom 4 of the bubble tray column.
  • the second standard ground section of the sump reactor lid was inserted Steam vent.
  • a single bell bottom was switched in front of the intensive cooler.
  • the steam was condensed in the intensive cooler.
  • the condensate was conveyed out with a diaphragm metering pump.
  • the head of the condenser was connected directly to the bottom 3 (counted from the sump) via a Teflon tube and a built-in needle valve.
  • the low boiler removal is as described in Example 3.
  • a vacuum of 515 mbar was set.
  • the sump heating was set at 145 0 C; the heating bands were set to 100 0 C / 90 0 C / 60 0 C / 40 0 C.
  • the temperature of the prereactor was 78 0 C, the temperature of the capacitor 94 0 C. It took 480 g / h of pure acetic acid.
  • the total chlorine content of the acetic acid used was 0.013%, of which 50 ppm as chloride. In the pure acetic acid obtained, the total chlorine content was less than 3 ppm. The heptane content decreased from 1% to 0.1%.
  • the apparatus used consisted of a pre-reactor and a bubble tray column with 8 plates.
  • the prereactor used was a 50 ml standard reactor with overflow and glass stirrer at 50 rpm.
  • Acetic acid was fed in via a diaphragm metering pump with Teflon internals, and the base was fed via a piston metering pump with Teflon internals.
  • the standard bubble tray column used had a total of 8 bubble trays and was heated with electric heating jackets.
  • the sump was a 2.5L standard reactor with two standard sanders with glass stirrer and level control, which was heated with a thermostat. Vacuum was generated by a regulated oil pump. The feed from the prereactor was moved to the bottom 4 of the bubble tray column. The second standard ground section of the bottom reactor lid was followed by a steam outlet. The vapor was condensed in an intensive condenser. The condensate was conveyed out with a diaphragm metering pump. To pick up partial pressure differences, the head of the chiller was over a PVC hose and built-in Needle valve directly connected to bottom 3 (counted from the sump). To keep the condensate level constant, excess distillate was pumped directly into the sump via a bypass with a built-in diaphragm dosing pump.
  • the blending mixture was withdrawn via a heated bridge at the top of the column, condensed on a condenser and placed on a magnetic fluid divider set in the ratio 99: 1.
  • the larger stream was conveyed back to the top floor of the column by means of a controlled diaphragm metering pump, the smaller stream was removed by means of a state-controlled Diaphragm metering pump.
  • a vacuum of 505 mbar was set.
  • the sump heating was set at 145 0 C; the heating bands were set to 100 0 C / 90 0 C / 60 0 C / 40 0 C.
  • the temperature of the pre-reactor was 78 0 C, the temperature of the condenser 94 0 C. It withdrew 480 g / h of pure acetic acid.
  • the total chlorine content of the acetic acid used was 0.015%.
  • the total chlorine content in the first five liters of discharge was 5 ppm, then at most 3 ppm.
  • the heptane content decreased from 0.9% to 0.11 to 0.05%.
  • Example 1 The apparatus used consisted as in Example 1 of a pre-reactor and a bubble tray column with 8 trays.
  • the prereactor is identical to Comparative Example 1.
  • the acetic acid was premixed with the base.
  • Acetic acid was fed in via a diaphragm metering pump with Teflon internals, and the base was fed via a piston metering pump with Teflon internals.
  • the standard bubble tray column used is identical to Comparative Example 1; the sump and the vacuum also correspond to Comparative Example 1.
  • the feed from the prereactor was moved to the bottom 4 of the bubble tray column.
  • the second standard ground section of the sump reactor lid was inserted Steam vent.
  • the vapor was condensed in an intensive condenser.
  • the condensate was conveyed out with a diaphragm metering pump.
  • the head of the condenser was connected directly to bottom 2 (counted from the sump) via a PVC hose and a built-in needle valve.
  • excess distillate was pumped directly into the sump via a bypass with a built-in diaphragm metering pump.
  • the blending mixture was withdrawn via a heated bridge at the top of the column, condensed on a condenser and placed on a magnetic fluid divider set in the ratio 99: 1.
  • the larger stream was conveyed back to the top floor of the column by means of a controlled diaphragm metering pump, the smaller stream was removed by means of a state-controlled Diaphragm metering pump.
  • a vacuum of 505 mbar was set.
  • the sump heater was situated on 145 0 Ckohl-; the heating bands were set to 100 0 C / 90 0 C / 60 0 C / 40 0 C.
  • the temperature of the pre-reactor was 78 0 C, the temperature of the condenser 94 0 C. It withdrew 480 g / h of pure acetic acid.
  • the total chlorine content of the acetic acid used was 0.01%. In the obtained pure acetic acid, the total chlorine content was less than 3 ppm. The heptane content decreased from 0.9% to 0.05%.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de purification de composés halogénés contenant des acides carboxyliques, comprenant les étapes consistant à distiller l'acide carboxylique en présence d'une base auxiliaire peu volatile dont l'halogénure est liquide à la température d'ébullition de l'acide carboxylique. La base auxiliaire lie l'hydracide présent dans l'acide carboxylique et/ou séparé des composés halogénés par effet thermique, et abaisse ainsi la pression de vapeur, de sorte que l'hydracide retenu dans le résidu de distillation ne passe pas dans le distillat. Le fait que l'halogénure de la base auxiliaire soit liquide empêche la formation de dépôts de matière solide dans l'appareil de distillation. L'acide carboxylique contient éventuellement en outre au moins une substance à bas point d'ébullition.
EP10723049A 2009-05-20 2010-05-19 Procédé de purification de composés halogénés contenant des acides carboxyliques Withdrawn EP2432757A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10723049A EP2432757A1 (fr) 2009-05-20 2010-05-19 Procédé de purification de composés halogénés contenant des acides carboxyliques

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09160841 2009-05-20
EP10723049A EP2432757A1 (fr) 2009-05-20 2010-05-19 Procédé de purification de composés halogénés contenant des acides carboxyliques
PCT/EP2010/056927 WO2010133651A1 (fr) 2009-05-20 2010-05-19 Procédé de purification de composés halogénés contenant des acides carboxyliques

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EP (1) EP2432757A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2010133651A1 (fr)

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US20100289457A1 (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-18 Boston-Power, Inc. Energy efficient and fast charge modes of a rechargeable battery
CN103304398B (zh) * 2013-05-11 2015-09-16 万华化学集团股份有限公司 一种羧酸水溶液的提纯方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2184563A (en) * 1931-02-06 1939-12-26 Eastman Kodak Co Process for concentrating acetic acid
DE1092897B (de) * 1958-04-03 1960-11-17 Ici Ltd Verfahren zur Entfernung von Brom oder bromhaltigen Substanzen aus niedermolekularen gesaettigten Fettsaeuren
GB1294432A (en) * 1970-04-23 1972-10-25 Monsanto Co Purification of carboxylic acid streams
US4227971A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-10-14 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Bromine removal from acetic acid
DE3329781A1 (de) * 1983-08-18 1985-02-28 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Verfahren zur abtrennung von jod und dessen verbindungen aus den bei der carbonylierung von dimethylether, methylacetat oder methanol erhaltenen carbonylierungsprodukten

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See references of WO2010133651A1 *

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US20120067715A1 (en) 2012-03-22
JP2012527429A (ja) 2012-11-08
WO2010133651A1 (fr) 2010-11-25

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