EP2420648B1 - Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau - Google Patents

Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2420648B1
EP2420648B1 EP11008814.3A EP11008814A EP2420648B1 EP 2420648 B1 EP2420648 B1 EP 2420648B1 EP 11008814 A EP11008814 A EP 11008814A EP 2420648 B1 EP2420648 B1 EP 2420648B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
film
shotcrete
lining according
anchors
plastic particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11008814.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2420648A2 (de
EP2420648A3 (de
Inventor
Svein Jonsson
Carsten Kofoad
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Skumtech AS
Original Assignee
Skumtech AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE200510048118 external-priority patent/DE102005048118A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102005057959A external-priority patent/DE102005057959A1/de
Application filed by Skumtech AS filed Critical Skumtech AS
Priority to EP14002660.0A priority Critical patent/EP2837768B1/de
Publication of EP2420648A2 publication Critical patent/EP2420648A2/de
Publication of EP2420648A3 publication Critical patent/EP2420648A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2420648B1 publication Critical patent/EP2420648B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an expansion in civil engineering, in particular an expansion of underground spaces such as tunnels and tunnels or pipelines in stable mountains.
  • Another problem is leaking mountain water. In winter, the water freezes. There is a danger of falling ice masses. This danger is usually met with a film seal. Depending on the thickness of the film is also spoken by webs. In part, there is also the name membrane.
  • the foil seal dissipates the water. At the same time a freezing of the water is prevented with a thermal insulation.
  • the film seal is composed of film webs.
  • the film webs are laid overlapping at the mountain outbreak, so that the film edges can then be welded together.
  • the gap can be pressurized with air pressure. When the gap is closed, a sufficient sealing effect can be assumed if the pressure drop in the intermediate space does not exceed certain limits over a certain period of time.
  • the attachment of the film takes place in different ways. With low strength requirements has in the past enforced a film attachment with a trained as a rondelle fastener made of plastic.
  • the rondelle is nailed or shot to the mountains or to a first shotcrete layer applied.
  • shooting the roundels are not hit with a hammer or the like in the mountains, but driven by a blasting cartridge in the mountains or in the first applied shotcrete layer.
  • the known roundels are for example in the DE-3244000C1 . DE4100902A1 . DE19519595A1 . DE8632994.4U1 . DE8701969.8U1 . DE20217044U1 shown and described.
  • the known roundels have been welded to the film.
  • Rondelles with a predetermined breaking point were considered to be particularly favorable.
  • the rondels should break at a load on the film at the predetermined breaking point.
  • the strength of the predetermined breaking point is significantly lower than the film strength. This will cause the rondelle to break first if excessive tension is applied to the foil. That is, the film seal will remain intact upon excessive pull in the film while the disk ruptures.
  • plastic rondels are only suitable if low forces arise during the attachment of the films and subsequent application of shotcrete.
  • the known roundels have a diameter of about 150 mm and a thickness of 3 to 4 millimeters. Such rondels have great strength.
  • the known anchors have diameters of 12 or 14 or 16 or 20mm. They are preferably made of stainless steel and are profiled on the mountain side to develop a high tensile strength in the mountains. For the anchor corresponding holes are introduced into the mountains. Subsequently, the anchors are fixed with a mounting cement or other suitable mounting means in the holes.
  • Such anchors unlike the known nail construction, can absorb really large forces. The loads are directed to the mountains. With the anchors, it is therefore possible to build a tunnel that can withstand the stresses of passing trains and passing vehicles.
  • the anchor At the free end of the anchor are usually provided with a thread, preferably according to the diameter with metric thread M12 or M 14 or M 16 or M20.
  • a thread preferably according to the diameter with metric thread M12 or M 14 or M 16 or M20.
  • M12 or M 14 or M 16 or M20 At the thread-side end the steel rondels are held between two screws. The screws allow adjustment of the rondels on the anchor.
  • the anchors are usually so long that they protrude beyond the steel rondels out into the tunnel. This serves to attach a wire grid as a retention during injection of the concrete and to stiffen the tunnel lining by connecting to the mountains.
  • the wire mesh also serves to reinforce the shotcrete layer.
  • a spacer for the wire mesh can be mounted on the anchor.
  • Known spacers are star-shaped provided with rods to support the wire mesh as large as possible.
  • the film is composed of individual film webs.
  • the individual film webs are conventionally laid on the circumference of the tunnel.
  • the number of anchors and fasteners depends on their distance.
  • the mandrel is marked on the film or the mandrel can be felt on the film. This can be used to cut openings in the film exactly at the points. This can be done by hand or mechanized. Once there is an opening in the film, the film can be pushed over the mandrel.
  • an attachment of the film is provided immediately on the frosting mandrel.
  • a seal is optionally applied to the film and then pushed the inside fasteners on the mandrel. Subsequently, the bracing of the two fasteners. This is done by screwing. Preferably, the screwing takes place with a nut on the mandrel, which has a corresponding thread.
  • gasket and foil are mechanically not overloaded during the tensioning of the fasteners and at the same time an optimally loadable anchor construction is created. This is done in particular by spacers between the fasteners. Preferably, rings are used as spacers.
  • the length of the mandrel depends on the extent of the shotcrete construction.
  • the structure can consist exclusively of concrete.
  • the structure may also include an insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer is then preferably arranged on the mountain side behind the concrete.
  • the mandrel must then protrude through the insulating layer to support the wireframe and spacer described above at the forward end.
  • foil seals are often used.
  • the foil seal can be enclosed on both sides in the shotcrete. But it can also be arranged on one side.
  • the film seal may be arranged outside the shotcrete in order to seal against ingress of water.
  • the film seal be placed in front of the shotcrete to prevent in-standing sewage or other liquid at an outlet.
  • the shotcrete can be applied in one or more layers.
  • the film seal is mounted at a distance from the mountains. This is done with the described anchors to which the film seal is attached. In this case, the problem of rebound of shotcrete is still greater than in the variant described above. Nevertheless, the wire mesh also helps in this case, so that with the described wire mesh technology a shotcrete expansion can be built up at a distance from the mountain eruption without further ado.
  • a mesh or wire mesh is provided between the expansion and the mountain breakout.
  • the wire mesh is preferably used as a safeguard against rockfall from the mountains.
  • the nonwoven fabric can fulfill various tasks. After DE-3626980 the nonwoven fabric performs various functions, namely a protective function and a drainage function. After DE-2400866 Moreover, it is provided to first provide the nonwoven fabric with a primer before it comes to the actual order of sprayed concrete.
  • the minimum stiffness is represented by unfoamed olefin foil, in particular a polyolefin foil, eg polyethylene foil (PE foil). It is also possible to use copolymers, for example ethylene copolymer films. Each PE is suitable as a sealing foil. These include LDPE, HDPE. Also suitable is polypropylene (PP).
  • PE foil polyethylene foil
  • PP polypropylene
  • the stiffness is formed by a minimum thickness of 1.5mm, preferably a minimum thickness of 1.8mm. For other film materials, the thickness is increased until an equal minimum stiffness is reached.
  • the film surface is additionally preheated for the application of material in order to achieve a better connection of the particles with the film surface. Preheating is unnecessary if the heat from the film production is used.
  • the usual production of the film is based on an extrusion of the material.
  • the molten resin is fed by means of an extruder through a nozzle into the nip of a pair of rollers. The reaching into the nip plastic may already have a foil shape.
  • This film form is achieved by means of a slot nozzle.
  • the slot in the nozzle then has a corresponding length and a corresponding width.
  • the molten resin is also given granular or acicular shape in the nip, so that there is Kunststoffknet, the continuous is pulled through the nip, so that a film is formed between the rollers.
  • the film is given the desired exact thickness.
  • the exact width of the film does not matter during the first rolling process.
  • a more or less serpentine running edge of the film sets. Therefore, the film is trimmed laterally at the end of the rolling process.
  • the resulting edge strips are preferably returned to the extruder and formed there again in melted starting material for the rolling process.
  • the film has a significant temperature. Optionally, this temperature is used to apply the particles intended for roughening the surface.
  • a reheating is provided to improve the connection of the particles with the film surface.
  • the particles should also be pressed with roller pressure on the film surface, so that it comes to a better connection of the particles with the film surface.
  • the EP901408A assume that the welding factor of the connection between particles and film surface is substantially less than 1. This is considered to be an advantage that the particles can peel off again under appropriate load, without causing the destruction of the film seal.
  • the heat can also be applied to the particles by mere hot gases. It is possible to meter in the particles in the hot gas stream.
  • the residence time in the hot gas determines the degree of melting. The residence time depends on the distance of the particles to the impact on the film surface and on the gas velocity.
  • the heat can also be applied by mere radiation by the particles falling through a heating channel and are superficially melted by radiant heat during the case.
  • the molten resin is fed by means of an extruder through a nozzle into the nip of a pair of rollers.
  • the reaching into the nip plastic may already have a foil shape.
  • This film form is achieved by means of a slot nozzle.
  • the slot in the nozzle then has a corresponding length and a corresponding width.
  • the molten resin is also given granular or acicular shape in the nip, so that there is Kunststoffknet, the continuous is pulled through the nip, so that a film is formed between the rollers.
  • the film is given the desired exact thickness.
  • the exact width of the film does not matter during the first rolling process.
  • a more or less serpentine running edge of the film sets. Therefore, the film is trimmed laterally at the end of the rolling process.
  • the resulting edge strips are preferably returned to the extruder and formed there again in melted starting material for the rolling process.
  • the film has a significant temperature.
  • the stiffness is determined on the one hand by the film thickness.
  • the rigidity is determined by the construction of the foil seal. The higher the number of evenly distributed attachment points on the film seal, the greater the rigidity becomes.
  • the distribution is such that four adjacent attachment points form the vertices of a square.
  • the edge length of the square is equal to the distance of two adjacent attachment points. The smaller the distance of the adjacent attachment points or the edge length of the square, the higher the number of attachment points.
  • a distance of 1.2 m between adjacent attachment locations is preferably provided. The distance should be at most 15%, preferably at most 7.5% greater. Adjacent are the next attachment points. The permissible distance can change by changing the position of the attachment points. Then their distance is reduced until at least one of the same stiff construction as in distribution of the attachment points is achieved on the vertices of a square.
  • the allowable distance between adjacent attachment points becomes larger.
  • the distance between the adjacent attachment points is increased at most so far and / or the position of the attachment points changed at most as far until, despite the larger film thickness again set the above-described structural rigidity.
  • the allowable distance between adjacent attachment points will be smaller.
  • the distance between the attachment points is reduced so far and / or the position of the attachment points as far as even until, despite the lower film thickness again set the above-described structural rigidity.
  • the structure of the shotcrete construction is facilitated by the primer of the film seal.
  • the inventive use of a primer makes in addition to the surface design described above, a contribution to the connection of shotcrete to the film seal and the claw mat.
  • the primer can be made with the same cement or adhesive or binder that is also used for the shotcrete, but without the benefits provided in the shotcrete.
  • Cement / adhesive / binder are used in powder form are either mixed before application on the film surface with water and sprayed in fog-like form or sprayed together with the powdered cement / adhesive / binder in fog-like form.
  • a special primer in the form of a plastic adhesive with mineral admixture proportion is used. At the same time, the mineral mixture proportions of the adhesive improve the adhesion of the shotcrete.
  • the mist-shaped topping of the primer leads to a thin-layer wetting of the film surface.
  • the layer thickness of the wetting becomes so adjusted so that the primer does not run down by its own weight.
  • the order quantity is reduced until no run-down is observed. If the exit speed of the primer remains constant from the application nozzle, the application quantity is determined by the speed with which the application nozzle is moved. If the application is to be reduced, this can be achieved by increasing the speed with which the nozzle is moved over the application surface, in this case via the film seal. In case of repeated spraying of the film seal at the same place of the respective order can be reduced by reducing the repetitions when spraying.
  • water-absorbing materials are incorporated into the primer.
  • Fig. 1 shows a mountain outbreak 1 in stable mountains. At regular intervals anchors have been introduced into the mountains. For this purpose, appropriate holes were drilled and anchors were fixed with mounting cement in the holes. From the anchors, the central axes 2 are shown.
  • the mountain outbreak 1 is used to make a tunnel.
  • a shotcrete construction is provided in the mountain outbreak.
  • the shotcrete construction consists roughly of a film layer 4 and a shotcrete layer 3.
  • the film layer 4 is composed of individual webs, which are laid overlapping and are welded together at the overlapping edges. In this case, two adjacent welds are provided at a distance from each other. The cavity between the welds is pressurized with compressed air to check the tightness of the welds.
  • an armature 5 is shown schematically.
  • the armature 5 is connected to the protruding end of the mountains with a fastener 14.
  • the film layer 4 is applied.
  • a fastener 15 At the film layer side, which is opposite to the fastener 14 is a fastener 15.
  • the fasteners 14 and 15 clamp the film layer 4 between them.
  • the fasteners carry a spacer 13 for a wire mesh 12.
  • the wire mesh 12 has two purposes. It serves to build up the shotcrete layer 3 by preventing the concrete layer rebounding from falling off of the foil layer.
  • the wire mesh 12 forms a reinforcement for the shotcrete layer.
  • the anchors direct the weight of the shotcrete expansion into the mountains. After solidification of the shotcrete construction, the anchors form a solid composite of the expansion with the mountains.
  • Fig. 5 shows a possible honeycomb 43 for the in Fig. 2 illustrated wire mesh.
  • Fig. 4 shows a spacer 40 for the positioning of the wire mesh.
  • the spacer 40 is pressed with another nut against the nut 25.
  • the spacer 40 has various arms to which the wire mesh 43 can be hooked.
  • FIG 6 is a suitable film for the shotcrete construction shown.
  • the film 110 has a thickness of 2 mm and is sprinkled with strands of material, the strands of material 111 have a thread-like structure with a thickness or diameter of 0.1 to 0.3 mm and a length of 5 to 50 mm.
  • the material strands 112 have a thickness of 1 to 2 mm and a length of 10 to 30 mm.
  • the different material strands are applied in the exemplary embodiment in separate application operations in order to heat the material strands with a larger diameter differently than the material strands with a smaller diameter. In other embodiments, the strands of material are applied in a common application process.
  • the material strands are superimposed on each other, so that in part there is a hollow layer of the material strands.
  • the material strands 112 surveys up to a height of 3mm.
  • the film surface is uncovered.
  • the material spread has a basis weight of 250 grams per square meter. It can also be larger in other embodiments or lower basis weights occur. Lower basis weights may occur in particular if the film surface is additionally profiled. Thus, basis weights of, for example, 20 grams per square meter are possible. Larger basis weights are appropriate if, depending on the type of shotcrete contract difficulties are to be overcome.
  • the different strands of material are sprinkled in the embodiment after heating on the surface of the previously superficially heated film 10.
  • the superficial heating of the strands of material has taken place up to the molten liquid.
  • the heating is carried out by radiation by the material strands are removed by means of a rotary valve from a reservoir and fall through a heating channel down to the slow slow down past slide.
  • the heating channel has in the exemplary embodiment a plurality of electrically operated heating wires and a temperature control. As a result, the temperature of the heating channel can be increased until the falling material strands have the correct surface temperature.
  • first a fast-binding cement milk is sprayed thinly onto the film.
  • the dried cement slurry forms an advantageous primer for a subsequent application of shotcrete.
  • the shotcrete is applied in layers, starting at the tunnel sole.
  • the tunnel runs horizontally, so that the shotcrete is laid in horizontal layers, which are superimposed from bottom to top of the film.
  • the layers have a width which corresponds to the desired shotcrete layer thickness. In otheryaksbe bra a smaller width of the layers is provided so that first a first shotcrete layer is applied to the film, which completely covers the film side. Thereafter, another shotcrete layer is applied, which completely covers the previously discussed shotcrete layer. This is repeated until the desired thickness of the shotcrete layer is reached.
  • the anchors After creating the shotcrete layer, the anchors still protrude from the concrete layer. At the projecting ends cladding panels should be attached, especially panels for fire protection.
  • the plates are secured in the exemplary embodiment with the anchors and nuts and washers on the shotcrete. So that the thread of the anchor is not unusable by the shotcrete, the thread has been protected by caps when applying the shotcrete.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Door And Window Frames Mounted To Openings (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
EP11008814.3A 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau Not-in-force EP2420648B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14002660.0A EP2837768B1 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005032434 2005-07-09
DE102005038363 2005-08-11
DE200510048118 DE102005048118A1 (de) 2005-10-06 2005-10-06 Spritzbetonbau mit Foliendichtung
DE102005057960 2005-12-03
DE102005057959A DE102005057959A1 (de) 2005-07-09 2005-12-03 Befestiger für Abdichtungsbahnen
EP06776099A EP1902197A2 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im hoch- und tiefbau

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06776099A Division EP1902197A2 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im hoch- und tiefbau
EP06776099.1 Division 2006-06-30

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14002660.0A Division-Into EP2837768B1 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau
EP14002660.0A Division EP2837768B1 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2420648A2 EP2420648A2 (de) 2012-02-22
EP2420648A3 EP2420648A3 (de) 2013-01-02
EP2420648B1 true EP2420648B1 (de) 2014-10-08

Family

ID=37637516

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14002660.0A Not-in-force EP2837768B1 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau
EP06776099A Withdrawn EP1902197A2 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im hoch- und tiefbau
EP08002696A Active EP1950375B1 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau
EP11008814.3A Not-in-force EP2420648B1 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau

Family Applications Before (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14002660.0A Not-in-force EP2837768B1 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau
EP06776099A Withdrawn EP1902197A2 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im hoch- und tiefbau
EP08002696A Active EP1950375B1 (de) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (4) EP2837768B1 (no)
AT (1) ATE467747T1 (no)
DE (1) DE502006006948D1 (no)
DK (1) DK1950375T3 (no)
ES (3) ES2659022T3 (no)
NO (2) NO341102B1 (no)
WO (1) WO2007006428A2 (no)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE502006006948D1 (de) 2005-07-09 2010-06-24 Skumtech As Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau
NO334815B1 (no) * 2009-02-03 2014-06-02 John Oldroyd Cheetham Vanntett membran av et ekstrudert plastmateriale
DE102012012522A1 (de) 2011-11-16 2013-05-16 Skumtech As Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau
CN105201532B (zh) * 2015-09-11 2017-09-22 中铁九局集团第二工程有限公司 软弱围岩下地下大跨径球冠状穹顶的环形开挖施工方法
KR101790217B1 (ko) * 2016-12-30 2017-10-25 씨카코리아(주) 방수 시스템
NO348104B1 (en) * 2017-11-29 2024-08-19 John Oldroyd Cheetham Disk for fixing and sealing a lining and method for installation and manufacturing the disk
CN108194106B (zh) * 2018-02-26 2019-09-03 龚岗 隧道锚喷支护混凝土台车用移动式灌注施工工艺
CN109973120B (zh) * 2019-04-28 2020-01-10 中国矿业大学 一种预留卸压观测钻孔并联合注浆的两巷变形控制方法
CN110159309B (zh) * 2019-05-27 2021-03-23 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 一种采用泡沫混凝土回填矿山法隧道的施工方法
CN115234241B (zh) * 2022-07-25 2023-06-06 广东省源天工程有限公司 一种引水隧洞的施工方法
WO2024112209A1 (en) 2022-11-24 2024-05-30 John Oldroyd Cheetham A system for fixing and sealing a lining providing a fluid tight suspension of a membrane on tunnel walls

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ATE467747T1 (de) 2010-05-15
EP1950375A2 (de) 2008-07-30
WO2007006428A3 (de) 2007-03-29
ES2659022T3 (es) 2018-03-13
EP1950375A3 (de) 2008-08-27
WO2007006428A2 (de) 2007-01-18
DK1950375T3 (da) 2010-07-05
NO20076650L (no) 2007-12-27
EP2420648A2 (de) 2012-02-22
EP1950375B1 (de) 2010-05-12
EP2837768A2 (de) 2015-02-18
EP1902197A2 (de) 2008-03-26
ES2523276T3 (es) 2014-11-24
EP2837768B1 (de) 2018-01-31
NO20160753A1 (no) 2016-05-04
DE502006006948D1 (de) 2010-06-24
NO341102B1 (no) 2017-08-28
EP2420648A3 (de) 2013-01-02
EP2837768A3 (de) 2015-09-09
ES2341592T3 (es) 2010-06-22

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