EP2412889B1 - Over-roof supporting device and method for making such a support - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a connecting element, integrated in the sealing system by sheets of a roof, for securing to said roof a structure whose load is taken up, non-punctually, by said connecting element, element geometry such that the continuity of the seal can be obtained simply and reliably. The invention also relates to the methods for implementing such elements.

In many cases of roofing, it is necessary to fix above the plane of the roof (at a distance of a few cm to a few tens of cm) constructive or decorative elements or other. The charges thus reported are secured to the supporting element (steel tank, concrete slab, wood panels) through sealing by posts, emergences, legs of various kinds. The "through the seal" shows the risk that the seal is perforated, making it unsuitable for its primary use and primordial. A second element must be taken into consideration which touches very precisely the loads transmitted by the support legs. Thus, when the overcrowding, in addition to its own weight (a few tens of kg per m ² ) receives heavy snow loads (up to 200 kg per m ² depending on the climatic region), large masses are expected to descend on the carrier element, no longer uniformly distributed as it was the case in the absence of over-roofing, but only via the singular points of support of the over-roof. The charges then become punctually very important and can cause local failures of the carrier element, steel or wood. The object of this invention is therefore to circumvent the risks of leakage and the risk of local overload.

1. 1. Les piètements peuvent être implantés sur l'élément porteur avant que le système isolation/étanchéité soit mis en place. Il convient alors que les travaux d'étanchéité se fassent en contournant les potelets, piètements, massifs puis en exécutant des relevés d'étanchéité qui raccordent l'étanchéité de la partie courante aux embases des potelets / piètements.
   Cette technique est bien maîtrisée mais présente un certains nombre d'inconvénients.
   1. a. Il faut avoir une connaissance précise des structures à rapporter au-dessus du plan de la toiture étanche dès la phase de conception des ouvrages, de manière à pouvoir préparer un calepinage préalable des piètements.
   2. b. L'exécution des relevés d'étanchéité est une tâche laborieuse et pourtant essentielle au bon fonctionnement du système dans son ensemble car il est notoire que les défaillances d'étanchéité proviennent dans leur très grande majorité de ces ouvrages de détail. La multiplication des embases / piètements devient alors une source essentielle de défaillances du fonctionnement du système.
2. 2. Les piètements peuvent s'implanter en même temps que la couche d'étanchéité (c'est à dire au-dessus de la couche de matériau isolant thermiquement) sous réserve:
   1. a. qu'ils soient positionnés dans le recouvrement de la couche d'étanchéité. Cette restriction stricte entraîne qu'il peut être extrêmement difficile d'obtenir un alignement parfait des potelets / piètements, car il est notoirement connu que les feuilles souples d'étanchéité présentent au déroulage des défauts de rectitude (dit aussi effet banane) selon lesquels, sur des grandes distances, il est extrêmement difficile de tenir l'alignement.
   2. b. que leur embase ait une forme particulière qui fasse que les fixations solidarisant l'embase à l'élément porteur, soient suffisamment protégées par le recouvrement de l'étanchéité. Un dispositif de ce type est décrit dans le brevet FR 2 713 687 B1 du 15 décembre 1993.
   3. c. que des travaux de découpe de la feuille d'étanchéité soient réalisés au droit des embases pour permettre que celles-ci soient insérées dans le recouvrement sans surplus de matière. Sachant que ces découpes sont laissées aux bons soins de l'ouvrier, il arrive qu'elles ne soient pas réalisées strictement selon les modalités préconisées, le risque devenant d'autant plus élevé que le nombre de piètements à mettre en place est élevé.

To circumvent the risk of leakage, a number of devices are known that, for the sake of clarity, we will fall into two categories:

1. 1. Legs can be installed on the supporting element before the insulation / sealing system is put in place. It is then necessary that the sealing work is done by bypassing the posts, legs, solid mass and then by carrying out sealing measurements which connect the tightness of the current part to the bases of the posts / legs.
   This technique is well controlled but has a number of disadvantages.
   1. at. It is necessary to have a precise knowledge of the structures to bring back above the plan of the waterproof roofing from the design phase of the works, so as to be able to prepare a preliminary layout of the bases.
   2. b. Execution of the waterproofing surveys is a laborious task and yet essential for the proper functioning of the system as a whole, because it is well known that most of these leaks are caused by leaks. The multiplication of the bases / legs then becomes an essential source of failures of the operation of the system.
2. 2. The legs can be installed at the same time as the sealing layer (ie above the layer of thermally insulating material) subject to:
   1. at. they are positioned in the covering of the sealing layer. This strict restriction leads to the fact that it can be extremely difficult to obtain a perfect alignment of the posts / legs, because it is well known that the flexible sealing sheets have peeling defects (also called banana effect) according to which, over long distances, it is extremely difficult to maintain alignment.
   2. b. that their base has a particular shape that makes the fasteners solidarisant the base to the carrier element, are sufficiently protected by the covering of the seal. A device of this type is described in the patent FR 2 713 687 B1 of December 15, 1993.
   3. vs. that cutting work of the sealing sheet is carried out to the right of the bases to allow them to be inserted into the cover without surplus material. Knowing that these cuts are left to the good care of the worker, it happens that they are not carried out strictly in the recommended manner, the risk becomes even higher than the number of legs to put in place is high.

DE 20 39 670 discloses a device for supporting an overhead, capable of being put in place on a roof-carrying member, comprising a connecting element constituted by a first linear section comprising a flat, suitable for being laid on one side, and fixed above the carrier member, and at least one leg protruding from the other side of the dish, in particular perpendicular to the flat. The seal between the plate and the carrier element is relatively difficult to achieve.

The object of the present invention is to solve the problems related to the achievement of the seal while allowing the forces to be distributed optimally on the carrier element, regardless of the configuration of the frame.

According to the invention, a device for supporting an overhead, capable of being put in place on a roof-carrying element, comprising a connecting element constituted by a first linear profile comprising a flat, suitable for being laid, of a side and fixed above the carrier element, and at least one jamb protruding from the other side of the flat, in particular perpendicular to the flat, is characterized in that said leg is removed at at least one end of the profile, over a certain distance, leaving only a flat abutment area of the flat, which end zone during assembly is adapted to be covered by a sealing plaster welded or glued to plain.

Preferably, said leg is removed at each end of the profile, over a certain distance, leaving only a flat abutment area of the flat, which end zone during assembly is adjacent to an abutment area. another first aligned linear profile, these abutment areas being adapted to be covered by sealing plasterboards welded or glued to plain.

Advantageously, the support device comprises a second linear profile adapted to come to cap and tighten the leg of the first section. Generally, the length of the first linear section is greater than 2 meters.

The first and second linear sections may be in the form of rails. Preferably, the first and second linear sections are made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 12 × 10 ^-6 mm × ° C. The linear profiles may have been obtained by a pultrusion method by means of dies that generate guide lines.

• sur la structure de couches sous-jacentes, on aligne des premiers profilés linéaires, de telle manière à satisfaire à la fois aux besoins de la mécanique et / ou aux souhaits esthétiques, la longueur totale de l'alignement correspond à l'une des longueurs du champ sur lequel reposera la surtoiture,
• les premiers profilés linéaires sont fixés sur l'élément porteur par vissage, ou moyen équivalent, au travers de leur plat et des couches sous-jacentes, pour solidariser le plat avec l'élément porteur,
• et on réalise l'étanchéité en recouvrant les plats des premiers profilés par les bords de feuilles d'étanchéité, avec soudure ou collage sur les bases, et en mettant en place des plastrons d'étanchéité, soudés ou collés à plain, sur les zones d'about adjacentes des profilés, au droit des zones débarrassées des jambages.

The invention also relates to a method for producing an over-roof support using a support device as defined previously, according to which an underlying layer structure is produced on the roof carrying element by successively laying a plurality of layers which may comprise a vapor barrier, one or more thermal insulation beds according to the desired thermal performance, a first sheet sealing method, the method being characterized in that

• on the underlying layer structure, first linear sections are aligned, so as to satisfy both the needs of the mechanical and / or aesthetic requirements, the total length of the alignment corresponds to one of the lengths the field on which the overlay will rest,
• the first linear sections are fixed on the support element by screwing, or equivalent means, through their flat and underlying layers, to secure the plate with the carrier element,
• and sealing is effected by covering the plates of the first sections with the edges of sealing sheets, with welding or gluing on the bases, and by placing sealing plies, welded or glued plain, on the zones. adjacent end profiles, in the right areas cleared jambs.

Advantageously, the first linear section is implemented at the same time as a sealing sheet, without imposing any cutting operations in this sheet, or lifting this sheet against the emergent portion of the jamb to establish the seal .

According to the invention, a set of two elements to form a mesh emerge from the surface of a waterproof roof is put in place, one of the generatrices of this mesh being a generally continuous line, interrupted in certain places to allow the possible runoff of rainwater.

The mesh is characterized in that the first element is implemented at the same time as the sealing sheet, without imposing any cutting operations in this sheet, or lifting this sheet against the emerging part to restore the seal. In this aspect this first element (the large rail) is itself a sealing element.

This large rail is characterized by a geometry that very easily allows sufficient coverage and at any point of its base of connection with the carrier structure, by the flexible sealing membrane.

The materiality of this large rail allows a perennial and reliable bonding, by welding or gluing, with the sealing sheet without it being necessary to prepare it by means of a primer.

The installation of these connection rails (at a later structure) in two stages, allows that the sealing elements can be bonded in a quasi-traditional way, in the roof plane only, without having to undergo the annoyance of an element required for future positioning and fastening of over-opening elements.

The geometry of these rails also allows a simple implementation while ensuring that optimal alignments are obtained.

The linear support elements prevent that the worn overloads do not fall down punctually and localized on the carrier element causing the ruin.

The support elements are perfectly connected to the carrier element (according to an adaptable fastening density), allowing use on a steep slope, including when significant overloads are reported on these rail elements. In particular, there is no risk of spilling in a geometry that would see the rails perpendicular to the slope, provided that the materiality of the supporting element allows it.

The two rails are also characterized by extremely low thermal expansion coefficients that allow for large alignments of these elements without risk of buckling due to clamping at the ends during periods of high insolation.

They are also characterized by a total insensitivity to corrosion, a very high ohmic resistivity and, of course, a total resistance to water (neither recovery nor swelling). Their excellent electrical performance make them particularly suitable for supporting photovoltaic panels, these elements are not the only ones that the structure can accommodate.

Large and small rails are obtained according to a pultrusion process by means of dies that generate guide lines, facilitating either the respective positioning of the elements relative to each other, or the positioning of the locking screws finally implemented. .

The geometry of the two rails is also such that a natural tightening of their nesting facilitates the exact leveling of the summit plane resting on the flat of the small rails.

A range of correction of deviations from the flatness of the summits of the large rail is possible via a sufficient height of the nested sliding elements.

The constituent materials of large and small rails are worked with extreme ease, through the implementation of portable tools typically used for carpentry. This makes sense when we recall that we are here in the context of roofing work, on new buildings, with little electric power available.

• Fig. 1 est un détail de la jointure entre deux premiers éléments selon l'invention,
• Fig. 2 est une vue en coupe d'un premier élément selon l'invention,
• Fig. 3 est une vue en perspective de la pose de premiers éléments selon l'invention,
• Fig. 4 est une vue similaire à Fig. 1, une fois l'étanchéité mise en place,
• Fig. 5 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif selon l'invention, la dernière feuille d'étanchéité n'étant mise en place que d'un coté des rails,
• Fig. 6 est une vue en coupe d'un second élément selon l'invention,
• Fig. 7 est une vue en perspective de l'élément de Fig. 6,
• Fig. 8 est une coupe schématique longitudinale, selon la ligne VIII-VIII de Fig.5,
• Fig. 9 est une coupe schématique transversale, selon la ligne IX-IX de Fig.5, au niveau d'un premier élément, et
• Fig. 10 est coupe schématique transversale, selon la ligne X-X de Fig.5, au niveau de la jointure entre deux premiers éléments.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the following description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings but which has no limiting character. On these drawings:

• Fig. 1 is a detail of the joint between two first elements according to the invention,
• Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a first element according to the invention,
• Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the laying of first elements according to the invention,
• Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1 once the seal is put in place,
• Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a device according to the invention, the last sealing sheet being implemented only on one side of the rails,
• Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a second element according to the invention,
• Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the element of Fig. 6 ,
• Fig. 8 is a longitudinal schematic section along line VIII-VIII of Fig.5 ,
• Fig. 9 is a transverse schematic section, along line IX-IX of Fig.5 , at the level of a first element, and
• Fig. 10 is cross-sectional schematic, according to line XX of Fig.5 , at the join between two first elements.

A device according to the invention implements a set of linear elements whose installation occurs at particular and different times, during the implementation of the seal. These linear profiles may, moreover and preferably, be made of a material whose chemical compatibility and surface texture make the quality of the assembly ideal with the material of the sealing sheet (initial performance and after aging). while avoiding a tedious preparation on site, before assembly. Finally, the materiality of these rails is not at the origin of an excessive additional heat load which would modify the fire behavior of the roofing system (measured according to the so-called norms of external fire resistance, in particular the procedure of European test prCEN / TS 1187).

The linear connection element in question is typically made up of two T-rails. The first one ( Fig. 1 to 5 ), according to a first brief description, is used, upside down and will be called big rail. The second 2 ( Fig. 6 and 7 ), such as a double jamb T, of more limited size, is clipped on the vertical element pointing upwards, the large rail and will be called small rail.

• Le premier 1 ―le grand rail ― est un élément de longueur typiquement infinie. Néanmoins pour des raisons de portabilité sa longueur totale est préférentiellement d'environ 2,5 mètres. Aux deux extrémités, notamment sur 12 cm, on a fraisé la jambe 3 du T pour ne conserver que le plat 4 et ainsi former une zone d'about W plane, débarrassée de la jambe..
• Le plat du T est de largeur préférentielle 25 cm. La jambe 3 du T qui pointe à la verticale, est de hauteur comprise entre 3 et 20 cm, préférentiellement de 5 à 9 cm.

The invention consists of a set of two rails delivered separately on the site:

• The first 1 - the big rail - is an element of typically infinite length. However, for reasons of portability, its total length is preferably about 2.5 meters. At both ends, in particular on 12 cm, the leg 3 of the T has been milled to keep only the flat 4 and thus form a planar end zone W, free of the leg.
• The flat of the T is of preferential width 25 cm. The leg 3 of the T which points vertically, is high between 3 and 20 cm, preferably 5 to 9 cm.

• un pare-vapeur si nécessaire
• un ou plusieurs lits d'isolant thermique selon la performance thermique recherchée
• une première feuille d'étanchéité 5 (Fig. 5), posée librement, joints soudés. Selon l'organisation du chantier, cette première feuille pourra être ponctuellement fixée mécaniquement, ou collée, ou soudée, notamment si les phases suivantes tardent à intervenir. Selon les cas, il est également possible de se passer de cette première couche de feuille d'étanchéité.

As regards the implementation of this large rail, it is carried out according to the following sequences. On the supporting element of the roof (steel tank, concrete slab, wooden decking) we successively put:

• a vapor barrier if necessary
• one or more thermal insulation beds according to the desired thermal performance
• a first sealing sheet 5 ( Fig. 5 ), posed freely, welded joints. Depending on the organization of the site, this first sheet may be punctually fixed mechanically, or glued, or welded, especially if the following phases take time to intervene. Depending on the case, it is also possible to dispense with this first layer of sealing sheet.

Then we align ( Fig.3 ) the finite elements 1 of large rails, so as to meet both the needs of the mechanics (rail perpendicular to the waves of the steel tank if it is the carrier element) and / or the aesthetic wishes (on concrete support it is the desired layout for the overcover that will be decisive). The ends of the finite elements 1 are brought about 5 mm apart ( Fig. 1 ). The total length of the alignment corresponds to one of the lengths of the field on which the overlay will rest.

The rails are fixed in the carrier element by screwing through the underlying layers, either by means of self-tapping screws and solid pitch, conventionally used for these sealing work, or by means of screws with thermal break . These rows of screws solidarize the flat 4 of the T on either side of its vertical leg 3 with the carrier element. These screws perforate the plate of the T about 5 cm (at most) of the two edges, so, as we shall see, to allow sufficient reconstitution of the seal.

A second line of rails, parallel to the previous one is made to 1030 mm (distance between jambs vis-à-vis) or 1950 mm. The choice of these distances is controlled by the loading level of the over-cover and the ability of the carrier element to resume. The dimensions are here given for sealing sheets of width typically 1000 mm and are different when these widths deviate.

N other rail lines are implemented until the field provided for the over-cover is fully equipped.

Sealing plastron 6 ( Fig. 4 and 5 ) are then implemented on the end areas of large rail, to the right of the dishes cleared jambs. These plastrons, width equal to the opening of the window between vertical legs, are welded (or glued) to plain, according to the rules of the art, so as to completely cover the free dishes. This operation does not require the production of readings, in which it brings simplicity and reliability.

The last sealing sheet 7 ( Fig. 5 ) is finally welded (or glued) between the legs of the large rail, the two side edges of the sheet resting on the flat rails, so as to cover the heads of the mechanical fasteners. The flat of the rails here becomes the equivalent of a sealing element and the flexible sheet is bonded to it, by welding or gluing, as would be the case for an adjacent sheet. Fig. 5 shows a spacing of large sealed rail, the second still to be.

In the case where the spacing between rails is 1030 mm, a sealing sheet without covering strip is implemented. In the other hypothesis (1950 mm) a first sheet with weld strip is positioned along one of the emergent jambs, then a second sheet without weld strip covers both the jamb opposite and the strip of welding of the first sheet.

These operations all carried out, allowed that is constituted simply, while not requiring any statement on the emergent elements, a waterproof cover, presenting a vertical structural element on which will hang the overcovering.

The waterproof roof thus produced may have a slope ranging from flat to vertical, the elements being all firmly anchored in the carrier element, as far as the structure allows otherwise.

Whatever the slope and the arrangement of the emergents with respect to the slope, there is no barrier to the flow of water since, in the worst case, windows (formed by adjacent) are located in the emerging lines 3.

The second element of the invention is the small rail 2 already mentioned.

It is made of the same material as the large rail and is characterized in that its double jamb 2a, 2b ( Fig. 6 -7 ) encloses the emerging of the great rail. The respective dimensions of the two elements to come into contact, are such that a friction force must be overcome to obtain a possible sliding.

This self-locking arrangement allows easy positioning of the small rail for perfect alignment of the small rail elements between them.

The small rail has the same gross length as the large rail. Positioned offset from it, it allows to bridge the windows created by the ends of the large rails. It may also be in the form of shorter length elements especially in the case where it is not necessary for the small rail to cover the large rail continuously.

The respective heights of the jambs are such that it is possible to substantially modify the natural slope of the plane connecting the parts. of the emerging railways or to correct local differences in flatness.

The flatness settings are finally established, it is finally possible to secure the two elements by simply screwing through one of the jambs in the emerging of the large rail.

To ensure that the emergence depth engaged in the small rail is sufficient (for the purpose of taking screws), geometrical arrangements are established on the emergent, in the form of reference lines, indicative of the maximum elevation.

Similarly, guide lines on the legs of the small rail, allow to properly position the self-tapping screws blocking.

On this superstructure thus formed it is possible to report over-roof elements, in the form of rigid or semi-rigid plates and to secure them with the carrier element by simple screwing in the flat 2c of the small rail, by means of parts of fittings usually used for this. These over-cover elements can also be photovoltaic panels.

If necessary; it is possible to put these panels down by means of the establishment of a secondary rail which rests on the small rail, in which it is screwed.

The different layers of the device according to the invention are more particularly visible Fig. 8 to FIG. 10 which are schematic sections in which the proportions of the dimensions of the cross section of the rail 1 have been modified compared to those of the preceding figures, in particular Fig.2 .

We can see on Fig. 8 the first sealing sheet 5 on which rest two first rails T 1. The two ends of the two rails 1 each comprise a plate 4 on which is placed a plastron 6. The plastron 6 covers the two plates 4 and two portions of the sealing sheet 5 on each side of the rails 1 at the plates 4. There is the upper end of the last sealing sheet 7, covering the area behind the legs 3 rails 1.

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-section which makes it possible to better visualize the superstructure formed at a first element 1. It is possible to see the base of the element 1 resting on the first sealing sheet 5 and covered by the last sheet of tightness 7 to the foot of the leg 3. In order to make it possible to visualize the different layers of the device, the last sealing sheet 7 is represented only on the left side of the leg 3, in the same way as on Fig. 5 . Of course, a last sealing sheet 7 is generally applied on both sides of the leg 3 of the rail 1.

The second rail 2 is clipped on the leg 3 of the first element 1 and can support a facing.

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-section similar to Fig. 9 to better visualize the superstructure formed at the joint between two rails 1, that is to say two first elements. The plastron 6 is shown in section. The last sealing sheet 7 is shown only on the left side in the same way as on Fig. 5 and Fig. 9 . It is found that the plastron 6 covers the plate 4 and two portions of the sealing sheet 5 on each side of the rail 1. In this area of the joint, the last sealing sheet 7 covers the plastron 6, and n is not in direct contact with plate 4 of rail 1.

Claims (9)

1. A device for supporting an over-roof, capable of being positioned on a roof-bearing member, comprising a joining member constituted by a first linear profile (1) including a flat face (4), suitable for being arranged, on one side, and fixed above the bearing member, and at least one leg (3) projecting from the other side of the flat face, in particular perpendicular to the flat face,
   characterised in that said leg (3) is suppressed at at least one end of the profile, along a certain distance, in order to leave only a level end area (W) of the flat face, which end area (W) during mounting is suitable for being covered by a sealing plastron (6) soldered or bonded flat.
2. The support device according to claim 1, characterised in that said leg (3) is suppressed at each end of the profile, along a certain distance, in order to leave only a level end area (W) of the flat face, which end area (W) during mounting is adjacent to an end area of another first aligned linear profile, these end areas being suitable for being covered by sealing plastrons (6) soldered or bonded flat.
3. The support device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it comprises a second linear profile (2) suitable for capping and gripping the leg (3) of the first profile.
4. The support device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the length of the first linear profile (1) is greater than 2 metres.
5. The support device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first (1) and the second (2) linear profiles are in the form of rails.
6. The support device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first and the second linear profiles are made of a material which has a thermal expansion coefficient lower than 12.10^-6 mm x °C.
7. The support device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the linear profiles were obtained in accordance with a pultrusion method by means of dies which generate guiding lines.
8. A method of producing an over-roof support implementing a support device according to any one of the preceding claims, according to which a structure of underlying layers on the bearing member of the roof is produced by successively arranging several layers able to comprise a vapour barrier, one or several thermal insulation beds depending on the desired heat performance, a first sealing sheet,
   characterised in that:

   - on the structure of underlying layers, there are aligned first linear profiles (1), so as to satisfy both the mechanical requirements and/or the aesthetic desires, the total length of the alignment corresponds to one of the lengths of the zone on which the roof will rest,

   - the first linear profiles (1) are fixed on the bearing member by screwing or an equivalent means, through their flat face (4) and the underlying layers, to unify the flat face (4) and the bearing member,

   - and the seal is produced by covering the flat faces (4) of the first profiles with the edges of the sealing sheets (7), with soldering or gluing on the flat faces, and by positioning the sealing plastrons (6), soldered or bonded flat, on the adjacent end areas (W) of the profiles (1), at right angles to the areas free from legs.
9. The method according to Claim 8, characterised in that the first linear profile (1) is implemented at the same time as a sealing sheet (7), without requiring operations of either cutting into this sheet or lifting this sheet up against the emerging part of the leg (3) to establish the sealing.

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