FR2940810A1 - Roof or roof panel for building, has sealing protection fixed on bearing structure, and traversing supports including lower part and upper part integrated between each other by units comprising thermal bridge breaking forming joint - Google Patents

Abstract

The roof has an insulant (4) provided on a face of an exterior side at a building, and a sealing (5) on a face of the exterior side of the insulant. A sealing protection (7) is fixed on a bearing structure (6) and an exterior side of the sealing. Traversing supports (2) pass the insulant along a direction perpendicular to a reference plane. The supports have a lower part integrated to a structural assembly, and an upper part integrated to the bearing structure. The lower part and the upper part are integrated between each other by units comprising a thermal bridge breaking forming joint.

Description

The present invention belongs to the field of roofs for buildings, more particularly roofs having an insulation protected by a reported sealing and for which it is necessary to protect the sealing against external aggression, for example mechanical aggression or related to ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

In the construction of buildings, roofs with insulating materials are often used for the obvious reason of limiting heat losses in heated or cooled buildings.

The thermal insulation is sometimes placed under the roof but for various reasons the thermal insulation is advantageously placed above the elements of the roof which ensure its mechanical strength. This last solution has the advantage of limiting the thermal conductions between the roof and the walls of the building as well as limiting the temperature variations of the structural parts of the building whose differential expansions can be the source of disorders of the structure. The solution of the external insulation of the roof is often applied in the case of horizontal or low slope roofs. A known solution consists in producing a structure carrying the roof and placing on this supporting structure insulating plates which are covered with a sealing material and held in the supporting structure by fasteners of the type of lag bolts or hooks passing through the roof. sealing and insulation. A disadvantage of this type of fasteners, despite the use of sealing washers associated with the through fasteners, leaks that occur at the through fasteners if they are not posed with all the care required or when the washers are aging and losing their qualities. Another disadvantage is related to the creation of a thermal bridge associated with the through fastening which causes a cold point source of condensation inside the building, condensation causing moisture spots and corrosion especially on metal frames or under roofing plates.

In addition to protect the waterproofness of which the constituent material is sensitive in practice to mechanical attack and ultraviolet radiation of the sun, the roofs of this type are covered with a sealing protector. When the roof is substantially horizontal, this protection is most often achieved by a raised floor, sufficiently heavy and strong to withstand the weight of the snow and the force of tearing of the wind, placed on blocks having themselves surfaces sufficient contact on the seal to distribute the weight of the slabs without damaging the sealing material. When the weight of the slabs is considered too high or the slope does not allow to use these slabs that hold in place by their own weight then it is necessary to resort to means of protection that can lead to the construction of a second supporting structure above the seal for example fixed to the walls and on which is fixed a seal protection.

The present invention aims to improve the qualities of building roofs by fixing the sealing protection in a safe manner, regardless of the weight of this protection with sealing performance and thermal insulation equal or improved compared to solutions known. For this purpose the building roof according to the invention or, more generally, a building roof panel, comprising in a known manner: a structural assembly determining a reference plane of the roof, or of the roof panel; an insulator on the face of the exterior side of the building of the structural assembly; A seal on the outside face of the building of the insulation; a sealing protection on the exterior side of the building of the seal, fixed on a supporting structure, said second supporting structure; also includes brackets of elongate shapes along an axis of the support and through the insulator in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reference plane, each support through: - integral with the structural assembly by a lower portion; - secured to the second support structure by an upper portion; said lower part and said upper part being joined to each other by means comprising at least one joint forming a thermal break. In a preferred embodiment of the through-brackets which provides a high rigidity and a satisfactory strength of the fastening of the sealing protector, the lower parts and the upper parts of the traversing supports are cylindrical in shape, hollow for at least one embodiment. one of them, for example cylindrical of circular, square or polygonal section, the inner section of one of the parts being larger than the outer section of the other part, and said lower and upper parts being held by fitting in a recovery zone. To avoid thermal conduction of the support passing between the two faces of the insulation, detrimental to the insulation of the building and a source of condensation formation on cold spots, an intermediate volume of the overlap area between the upper and lower parts of each through-carrier is filled with at least one reduced thermal conduction material, for example a synthetic material such as a silicone or a polyurethane or any other material of equivalent mechanical and thermal characteristics, with respect to the materials used for performing the lower and upper parts, the material filling the intermediate volume also ensuring a mechanical assembly of the upper and lower parts. To improve the insulation, the number of thermal bridge breaks is increased by inserting one or more intermediate parts made of a thermally insulating material, for example a polyethylene, between the lower part and the upper part of the through support. For example each traversing support has an intermediate portion between the lower part and the upper part, thus occupying at least part of the intermediate volume between the lower and upper parts. This intermediate portion is secured to the lower part on the one hand and to the upper part on the other hand by means of a material with reduced thermal conduction to ensure a mechanical assembly of the intermediate part with the upper part of a part and the lower part on the other hand, and form thermal break joints. In a neighboring embodiment of the brackets, at least two intermediate parts between the lower part and the upper part, occupies at least part of the intermediate volume between the lower and upper parts.

Each intermediate portion is secured by means of a reduced thermal conduction material providing a mechanical assembly to two other parts, intermediate, upper or lower in their relative positions, and forming thermal break joints. To prevent the passage of water and infiltrations through the roof at the level of the through-brackets, each support passing through exceeds the seal by a height corresponding to at least a desired height of a sealing record going up along the support through, height depending on the requirements of the roof, and in which the lower, upper and intermediate parts of the support, only the upper part is protruding above the face of the outer side of the building insulation. To ensure a precise and resistant attachment of the second supporting structure on the upper ends of the roof through supports, the upper part of the through supports has at the end of the outer side of the building means for fixing the second supporting structure.

Economically while participating in a good thermal resistance of the support, the traversing supports comprise a filling, at least of an upper end of the upper part, of a synthetic material in which is fixed an assembly element, by example a pulls bottom. In one embodiment of the roof or the roof panel the structural assembly comprises a first support structure on which are fixed through supports and a carrier cover fixed on one side of a side outside the building of said supporting structure. In this case the carrier blanket has openings through which the through brackets pass through the carrier blanket to protrude to the outside of the building to keep the sealing protection away. In one embodiment, the through-brackets are attached by their lower part by welding or gluing to the supporting structure. Advantageously, the traversing supports are fixed at the factory during the production of the beams.

In another embodiment of the roof or roof pan the structural assembly comprises a layer of a cement concrete, on one side of which layer of concrete, on one side outside the building, ie on the upper surface on the outer side of the building, there are fixed brackets, allowing a strong anchoring of the brackets without requiring to make openings in the concrete structural assembly. When they are not directly welded to a beam of the first supporting structure, advantageously the lower part of the through-brackets is integral with a fixing plate fastened to the structural assembly, for example by screwing, bolting or flanges.

In an advantageous embodiment of the roof of the invention, the sealing protection is formed at least in part by solar panels for thermal sensing and or by photovoltaic solar panels for which a solid fixation is ensured by means of the invention. The invention also relates to a traversing support used to produce the roof or the roofing pan. Such a support through for fastening roofing protection devices comprises: a substantially cylindrical lower portion, for example of circular section, square or polygonal, oriented parallel to the axis of the support and hollow; a substantially cylindrical upper part, for example also of circular section, square or polygonal, oriented parallel to the axis of the support, this upper portion having an outer section smaller than the inner section of the hollow lower portion; the lower part and the upper part being secured by fitting and mechanically held by at least one synthetic material occupying an intermediate space between the outside of the upper part and the inside of the lower part, the said synthetic material forming a rupture of thermal bridge between said lower and upper parts. In one embodiment, the traversing support comprises at least one intermediate portion of substantially cylindrical high thermal resistance material, for example of circular, square or polygonal section, also oriented parallel to the axis of the support, and hollow outer section lower than the inner section of the lower part, of inner section greater than the outer section of the upper part. The lower part and the intermediate part are integral by fitting, the intermediate part and the upper part are integral by fitting, each fitting being mechanically immobilized by a synthetic material occupying interspaces between outer surfaces of the intermediate or upper parts and surfaces. the lower parts respectively intermediate, so that the different parts are maintained and that the synthesis material forms a thermal break between the lower and intermediate parts on the one hand and between the intermediate and upper parts on the other.

In one embodiment, the upper part comprises an internal volume filled with a synthetic material of thermally insulating property and mechanically capable of setting up a fastener, for example a lag screw, substantially according to the invention. axis of the traversing support. For easy fixing of the support through during the assembly of a roof, a plate intended to be fixed on a supporting structure is secured to the lower part of the support through.

The detailed description of the invention is made with reference to the figures which represent: FIG. 1: a partly broken perspective view illustrating an example of a roof according to the invention; Figure 2a: a section of an example of framed roofing according to the invention at a support through; Figure 2b: a section of an example of concrete roofing according to the invention at a support through; Figure 3: an example of the upper part of a roof comprising 15 solar panels in sealing protection.

A roof according to the invention, as shown in perspective and partially cut away in FIG. 1, essentially comprises: a first carrying structure 1; through supports 2; a carrier blanket 3; an insulator 4; a seal 5; a second carrier structure 6; - a waterproofing protection 7. For the purposes of the description, it will be considered that the roof is arranged on a building, building or other building, and reference will be made to the interior of the building for the side of the roof located towards the insulated part, that is to say the underside of the roof, and outside the building for the side of the roof facing the weathered part, also considered as the top of the roof, the most usual. The first supporting structure 1 corresponds to a frame made in known manner by a set of beams 10, generally arranged with regularity, for example wooden beams or metal beams, the assembly of which forms a structure located at the interior of the building. The first load-bearing structure 1 determines in practice one or more roof panels, but for the sake of clarity, the detailed description of the case of a roof comprising a single pan and determining a reference plane is considered in the detailed description in a nonlimiting manner. roof pan considered.

The traversing supports 2 are integral with the first support structure 10. The elongate support supports 2 have an extension 21 of generally cylindrical shape with an axis 22, said support axis, oriented substantially perpendicular to the reference plane of the roof and projecting on one side of the first support structure 1 located on the outside 15 to the building. The through-supports 2 thus protrude above the first support structure 1 by a height h, said height h corresponding in practice substantially to the distance between a laying plane of the second supporting structure 6 of a support plane of the first support structure 1. In general, the through-supports 2 are arranged in a regular manner and spaced according to the geometric characteristics of the second supporting structure 6 and mechanical strength requirements such as the need to support the weight of a loading load. snow or to withstand wind-breaking forces, in particular to meet the constraints of the sealing protection 7. The through-supports 2 are made integral with the first supporting structure 1 by any known means. For example if the first supporting structure is made with metal beams, each support 2 is welded to its location on a beam or bolted or flanged on a beam. For example, if the first support structure is made with wooden beams, each support 2 traversing is preferably integral with a plate, straight or bent, which is screwed or clamped on a beam. A traversing support can also be fixed by gluing.

FIG. 2a presents in detail a first embodiment of a roof according to the invention at the level of a transverse support 2, here implemented in an example of a roof with a first support structure 1 made of wood and bolted to a beam in wood through a plate (23) above which is fixed the extension 21. The extension 21 comprises a first substantially cylindrical hollow portion 211, said lower part, axis axis support 22 and height hi less than the height h of the support. The cylindrical lower part 211 is made of a mechanically resistant material, for example a steel, and is fixed to the support plate 23, for example by welding, or is fixed directly to the first supporting structure, for example welded to a steel failure (solution not shown). The extension also comprises a second substantially cylindrical portion 212, said upper portion, of axis the support axis 22. The upper portion 212 which is fitted in the lower portion 211 hollow may also be hollow, as shown in FIGS. , but not necessarily. In the illustrated examples the bottom 211 and upper 212 of cylindrical shape are of substantially circular sections. However sections of said parts may be different from a circle, for example square or polygonal, and different from each other to the extent that a fitting assembly is possible. The upper part 212 is integral with the lower part and extends above the support plate 23, or its equivalent, up to the height h corresponding to the total height of the through-support 2. The upper part is made also in a resistant material, for example steel. The upper part 212 is secured to the lower part 211 by fitting, that is to say that in a covering zone 214 of height hr an outer section of the upper part is smaller than an inner section of the lower part, as illustrated on FIG. the drawings, or conversely that an inner section of the upper part is greater than an outer section of the lower part, not illustrated case. In the remainder of the description will be described only the case illustrated, that is to say in which the upper part enters the lower part, without this case being limiting. The outer section of the upper portion 212 is also sufficiently smaller than the inner section of the lower portion 211 so that a sufficient distance between said walls determines an intermediate volume, which volume is occupied by a material whose thermal resistance is greater than that of the materials used for producing the lower portions 211 and 212.

Such a relatively high thermal resistance material is for example a synthetic material used to produce a synthesis joint 213. The synthesis joint 213 is for example made of silicone or polyurethane or any other material which ensures the integral support. lower and upper parts 211, 212 with satisfactory mechanical performance given the fitting of said lower and upper parts and allows, by limiting thermal transmissions between said parts, to create a thermal break. In a preferred embodiment, the synthesis joint 213 also fills an intermediate volume in the lower part 213a of the extension 21 located near the plate 23 to provide thermal insulation between the upper portion 212 and said plate 23, c That is, the height hr is less than the height hi. The synthesis joint 213 is for example made by injection between the lower and upper portions 211, 212. In a preferred embodiment the hollow cylinder of the upper portion 212 is filled with a filling material 25, for example a foam expandable, in which can be screwed a fastener such as a lag bolt 24. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2a, an intermediate portion 219 is inserted between the lower and upper portions 211, 212, said intermediate portion having an outer section smaller than the inner section of the lower part 211 and an inner section greater than the outer section of the upper part (in the exemplary embodiment illustrated) and a synthesis joint 213 is incorporated on the one hand between the part lower 211 and the intermediate portion 219 and secondly between the upper portion 212 and the intermediate portion 219. The int Intermediate 219 is advantageously made of a material having good insulating characteristics with respect to the material of the lower and upper parts, for example a polypropylene. In this case the intermediate portion 219 participates in filling the intermediate volume between the lower portion 211 and upper 212 to which said intermediate portion is mechanically maintained by the synthesis joints 213. By shapes adapted to the shapes of the upper and lower parts, it also ensures in a manufacturing process supports passing through a correct centering of said lower and upper parts and therefore a thermal resistance of the support more homogeneous. It is understood that two or more intermediate portions 219, cases not illustrated, are optionally implemented according to the principle of the invention, in particular for mechanical reasons and thermal resistances, but at the cost of a complexity of implementation. increased. These synthesis joints 213 have the effect of achieving the mechanical connection between the different parts and participate in the formation of thermal breaks which the multiplication is favorable to better thermal resistance.

The working covering 3 is in a known manner a structural assembly ensuring the continuity of the roof between the elements of the first supporting structure 1. The working covering 3 is for example made by means of ribbed sheets as in the illustration of FIG. of Figure 2a or by panels based on wood fibers, not shown solution. The working cover 3 attached to the first support structure 1 comprises openings such that each extension 21 coincides with an opening and that said extension passes through said support structure.

The insulation 4 is placed above the working cover 3 and is also traversed by the extensions 21.

In practice each extension 21 protrudes above an upper face, on the outer side of the building, insulation 4 of sufficient height to maintain the second supporting structure 6 above the insulation 4 without risk of damaging said insulation and also be surrounded by a sealing record 51 whose height corresponds to a desired height generally established by standards taking into account the rainfall conditions of the building area and the surface of the roof. Above the insulator 4 is placed a seal 5, for example a sheet formed of a fabric impregnated with bitumen. By necessity the seal 5 is continuous on the surface of the roof so as to prevent water infiltration on the interior side of the building. At the level of the extensions 21, the insulation has openings to which are associated the watertightness measurements 51 that go up all or part of the height of the through-extensions 21 protruding above the insulation 4. The second supporting structure 6 is secured to the upper ends, outer side of the building, of the through supports 2. As illustrated in the examples of the figures, the second supporting structure 6 comprises inverted U-section or omega sections placed in abutment on the upper ends of the through brackets 2 so that said upper ends and the sealing sheets 51 are protected by said sections. Advantageously, the second supporting structure is fixed by means of lag screws 24 screwed into the filling material 25 of cylindrical portions 2. According to a preferred characteristic, only the upper portions 212 of the through-members 2 protrude in height above the upper face. of the insulator 4, the heights of the lower portions 211 and, if appropriate, the intermediate portions 219 being determined so that their upper ends remain inside the insulator 4 or under said insulator to prevent these lower or intermediate parts from are directly subject to the temperature conditions outside the building. Finally, the sealing protector 7, not shown in FIG. 2a, is fixed on the second supporting structure 6, designed to hold in place the sealing protection used and in particular to fix the said sealing protection as a function of the environmental conditions, wind in particular, that can be encountered. It is understood that the dimensions of the various components of the roof are adapted to each particular case. In particular, the cross-sectional areas and heights of the transverse supports are adapted according to the forces that may be encountered during operation, taking into account the elements supported and the climatic conditions, as well as the thicknesses of insulation provided and the heights of the watertightness measurements. It follows from the structure of the roof described that: the seal is perfectly ensured, including in the presence of the supports 2 passing through the seal 5; the seal 5 is protected from mechanical attack and solar radiation by the sealing protection 7; the sealing protection 7 is fixed on a support structure 6 perfectly mechanically connected to the first supporting structure 1; due to the structure of the through-supports 2 having one or more thermal bridge breaks, the crossing of the insulator 4 by the said support elements does not create a thermal bridge that is harmful to the performance of the insulation and limits the formation of condensation at cold spots that would create such thermal bridges. In a particularly advantageous manner, the roof according to the invention makes it possible to implement non-conventional sealing protections, that is to say whose own weight or the dimensions do not make it possible to ensure the holding, for example due to the fact of the slope of the roof or because of the winds that may be encountered, and which must therefore be firmly fixed. An example of an unconventional waterproofing protection today is to use solar collector panels 71, thermal sensor panels or photovoltaic panels, as shown in FIG. 3 to benefit from the production of solar energy while simultaneously protecting the solar panel. roof waterproofing.

In a particular embodiment, adapted when the first carrier structure and the carrier cover form a single structural unit, for example a concrete roof 3a, the support elements are fixed on the upper face of the carrier roof by means of a plate 23, as in the example illustrated in Figure 2b, and advantageously said plate is fixed at the desired location under the insulator 4, for example by means of anchor fasteners.

FIG. 2b also illustrates an example of a through support 2 having no intermediate portion between the lower part 211 and the upper part 212, the intermediate space being in this case totally occupied by a synthetic joint of insulating material 213, 213a, for example by injection in a step of producing the through supports.

The invention therefore makes it possible to have supports passing through the thermal insulation of the roof to ensure efficient fastening and efficient and distributed transmission of the forces of a sealing protection directly on the supporting structure and without generating a thermal bridge or risk leakage loss.

Claims (1)

Claims1 Roof of a building or roof pan of a building comprising a structural assembly (1, 3, 3a) defining a reference plane of said roof or said roof pan, having an insulation (4) on one side of an exterior side of the roof building of said structural assembly, having a seal (5) on one side of a side external to the building of said insulation and having a sealing protector (7) on the outside of the building of said sealing and fixed on a supporting structure (6) , said second supporting structure, said roof being characterized in that it comprises: - traversing supports (2): elongated shapes along an axis (24); traversing the insulator (4) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reference plane; each traversing support being: secured to the structural assembly (1, 3, 3a) by a lower part (211); secured to the second supporting structure (6) by an upper portion (212); said lower part and said upper part being joined to each other by means comprising at least one seal forming a thermal break. 2 - The roof or roofing pan according to claim 1 wherein the lower portions (211) and the upper portions (212) of the through supports (2) are of cylindrical shape, hollow for at least one of them, the inner section of one of the hollow portions, being larger than the outer section of the other portion, and said lower and upper portions being held by fitting into an overlap zone (214) .3 Roof or roof panel according to the claim 2 wherein an interposed volume of the overlap zone (214) between the upper (212) and lower (211) portions of a through-support (2) is filled with at least one material with reduced thermal conduction compared to materials used to make said lower and upper parts, said at least one material ensuring a mechanical assembly of said upper and lower parts. Roof or roof panel according to Claim 3, in which a through-support (2) has an intermediate part (219) made of a material with reduced thermal conduction, between the lower part (211) and the upper part (212). , occupying at least part of the intermediate volume between said lower and upper parts, said intermediate portion being secured to the lower part (211) on the one hand and to the upper part (212) on the other hand via a material with reduced thermal conduction ensuring a mechanical assembly of the intermediate part with the upper part on the one hand and the lower part on the other hand, and forming thermal break joints. Roof or roofing pan according to claim 3, in which a through support (2) comprises at least two intermediate parts (219), made of a material with a reduced thermal conduction, between the lower part (211) and the upper part ( 212), occupying at least a portion of the intermediate volume between said lower and upper parts, each intermediate portion being secured by means of a reduced thermal conduction material providing a mechanical connection to two other parts (211, 212, 219 ), intermediate, upper or lower in their relative positions, and forming thermal break joints. Roof or roof panel according to one of the preceding claims, in which a support (2) protrudes above the seal (5) by a height corresponding to at least one height of a watertightness test. (51) and wherein lower (211), upper (212) and intermediate (219) portions of said support, only the upper portion (212) is protruding above the exterior side face of the insulation building. (4). 7 - Roof or roofing panel according to one of the preceding claims wherein the upper portion (212) of a support (2) comprises at one end of the outer side of the building means for fixing the second supporting structure (6). ). Roof or roof panel according to Claim 7, in which the fastening means of the second supporting structure (6) comprise at one end of the support (2) on the outside of the building a filling of a synthetic material (25). in which is fixed an assembly element (24). 9 - roof or roofing panel according to one of the preceding claims wherein the structural assembly comprises a carrier structure (1), said first bearing structure, on which are fixed brackets (2) and a carrier cover (3) fixed on one side of an external side to the building of said supporting structure, said carrier blanket having openings through which said through supports pass through said carrier blanket. Roof or roof panel according to claim 9 wherein the lower part (211) of a support (2) is fixed by welding or gluing to the supporting structure (1). 11 - Roof or roofing panel according to one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the structural assembly (3a) comprises a layer of a cement concrete, on a side of a side outside the building of said ensembles structurale, the upper surface, on the outside of the building, from which are fixed brackets (2). 12 - roof or roofing pan according to one of claims 1 to 9 or 11 wherein the lower portion (211) of a support (2) is integral with a fixing plate (23) attached to the assembly structural (1, 3, 3a). Roof or roofing panel according to one of the preceding claims, in which the sealing protection (7) is formed at least in part by solar panels for thermal sensing and or by photovoltaic solar panels. 14 - Supporting crosspiece (2) with axis (22) for fastening roofing protection devices, characterized in that said traversing support comprises: a substantially cylindrical lower portion (211) oriented parallel to the axis (22) and dig ; a substantially cylindrical upper portion (212) oriented parallel to the axis (22), said upper portion having an outer section smaller than an inner section of said hollow lower portion; said lower part and said upper part being secured by fitting and mechanically held by a synthetic material occupying a space between the outside of the upper part and the inside of the lower part, said synthesis material forming a thermal break between the said lower and upper parts. 15 - traversing support according to claim 14 comprising at least one intermediate portion (219) substantially cylindrical oriented parallel to the axis (22) and hollow outer section lower than the inner section of the lower portion (211), upper inner section at the outer section of the upper part (212), said lower part and said intermediate part being integral by fitting, said intermediate part and said upper part being integral by fitting, each fitting being mechanically immobilized by a synthetic material occupying interposed spaces between outer surfaces of the intermediate or upper portions and the inner surfaces of the lower respectively intermediate portions, said synthesis material forming a thermal break between said lower and intermediate portions on the one hand and between said intermediate portions; e and upper on the other hand, said intermediate portion being made of a material of greater thermal resistance to the material of said lower and upper parts. 16 ù Cross support according to claim 14 or claim 15 wherein the upper portion (212) comprises an inner volume filled with a synthetic material thermally insulating property and mechanically suitable for the establishment of a fixation substantially along the axis (22) of said support. 17 ù Support through according to one of claims 14 to 16 comprising a plate, intended to be fixed on a supporting structure, integral with the lower portion (211) of said support.