EP2377366A1 - Électrode de graphite à raccord électrique - Google Patents

Électrode de graphite à raccord électrique

Info

Publication number
EP2377366A1
EP2377366A1 EP10700745A EP10700745A EP2377366A1 EP 2377366 A1 EP2377366 A1 EP 2377366A1 EP 10700745 A EP10700745 A EP 10700745A EP 10700745 A EP10700745 A EP 10700745A EP 2377366 A1 EP2377366 A1 EP 2377366A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wedge
contact
electrode
graphite
graphite electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10700745A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Reiser
Stefan Huwer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ems Elektro Metall Schwanenmuehle GmbH
Original Assignee
Ems Elektro Metall Schwanenmuehle GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ems Elektro Metall Schwanenmuehle GmbH filed Critical Ems Elektro Metall Schwanenmuehle GmbH
Publication of EP2377366A1 publication Critical patent/EP2377366A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/10—Mountings, supports, terminals or arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes
    • H05B7/101—Mountings, supports or terminals at head of electrode, i.e. at the end remote from the arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Gr ⁇ phitelektrode with electrical Ragstuck and a furnace for Gr ⁇ phit result of carbonaceous materials with such Graphiteleklroden,
  • furnaces are used to graphilize the carbonaceous materials.
  • graphitization is carried out by heating under exclusion of air to ca, 3.000 0 C, a transformation of amorphous carbon to polycrystalline graphite.
  • the heating of the carbonaceous material is carried out by electric current, wherein the current introduction via movable graphite electrodes, which protrude frontally at the two furnace heads in the furnace and are pressed onto the ends of the carbonaceous material. This is done via frontally arranged hydraulic presses that press the graphite electrodes to make an electrical contact against the carbonaceous material.
  • the contact pieces are mounted individually or in groups, in particular to 2 -3 contact pieces, resiliently in the connection piece.
  • subsidence or changes in position of the graphite electrode or connection piece can be compensated for by manufacturing tolerances or expansion caused by heat.
  • each piece of contact can additionally have a certain play around all the axes, which makes it possible to compensate for rougher angular and position tolerances.
  • the contact piece is preferably formed by a single or more massive wedges or wedges.
  • Solid contact pieces eg made of copper
  • Partial wedges can be resiliently connected and form an inherently resilient wedge.
  • the wedges can be connected by z, B perpendicular to Keil ⁇ chtung extending springs. These springs are z, B. from
  • the part wedges can also be worked out of a solid wedge, so that only one web of Keilmate ⁇ als stops in the middle of the wedge.
  • the wedge-shaped surfaces or counter-surfaces form a wedge angle
  • a wedge angle of 5 to 45 degrees has proven to be particularly advantageous. This produces a contact pressure between the surfaces that is sufficiently high in relation to the contact force.
  • the wedge-shaped configuration according to the invention causes the contact force transmitted by the spring to be wedge-shaped to the side
  • a flexible conductor is directly connected to each individual contact piece. This is necessary to compensate for the spring travel and the play of the contacts and for the movement of the electrode.
  • These may be metal foil or metallic mesh or cable, each with one of the
  • all the contact pieces are arranged so that they point in the same direction. This allows easy imports of all Contakt pieces in the wedge surface, the Kont ⁇ ktstucke need not necessarily be parallel to each other.
  • the wedge-shaped surfaces are preferably arranged on the front side of the graphite electrode, it is possible to simultaneously press the already existing frontally arranged hydraulic presses which press the graphite electrodes for producing an electrical contact against the carbonaceous material for pressing the connection piece against the frontal wedge-shaped surfaces to use the graphite electrode. Due to the wedge-shaped configuration, the hydraulic contact pressure, which can not be increased at will with regard to the carbonaceous material, is now completely sufficient for producing a sufficiently current-carrying connection between the connection piece and the graphite electrode
  • the wedge-shaped surfaces are preferably arranged on the front side of the graphite electrode that under
  • the wedge-shaped surfaces are arranged directly in the Graphitelekfrode or the end face of the graphite electrode, z. B by frying.
  • the contact piece which usually consists of copper, is thus brought directly into engagement with the wedge-shaped surfaces of graphite. It is unnecessary laborious attachment of a contact plate of z. B, copper with the corresponding wedge-shaped surfaces Therefore, an unnecessary further material transfer is avoided Nevertheless, it is also covered by the invention when a contact plate fixedly connected to the surface of the graphite electrode is provided, which has the wedge-shaped surfaces according to the invention.
  • a contact plate fixedly connected to the surface of the graphite electrode is provided, which has the wedge-shaped surfaces according to the invention.
  • Such a plate may be made of copper, for example.
  • the graphite electrode is formed Kistuckig with a plurality - preferably similar and / or cuboidal individual electrodes which are arranged side by side next to each other
  • each individual electrode has lateral chamfers, in particular two chamfers, which form the wedge surfaces, such that each two adjacent chamfers or wedge surfaces of adjacent individual electrodes together form a keyway.
  • This multi-part structure of the graphite electrode can be used independently of the configuration of the connection pieces.
  • laterally arranged means of force acting against each other are provided for holding together the individual electrodes whose direction of force is reduced by approx. 90 ° offset to the parting line and axial direction of movement of the contact pieces is
  • the means for holding together the individual electrodes are such that they become effective during or after the pressure of the connection piece against the graphite electrode,
  • all the individual electrodes have the same geometry, Preferably, the wedge angle is selected so that self-locking occurs, so the wedge can not slide out of its V-shaped groove by counteracting Reibkrafte.
  • Fig. 1 .1, 1 .2 show a cuboid graphite electrode 2, at its rear end face, not shown, which is fixed for graphitizing carbonaceous material for the conversion of amorphous carbon to the polycrystalline graphite is attached.
  • the opposite end face 23 has keyways formed by two wedge-shaped surfaces 21. The splines extend perpendicular to the end face 23, against the free end face 23 of the
  • an electrical connection piece 1 is printed by a hydraulic punch, not shown, the electrical connection piece 1 has a plurality of individually mounted contact pieces 1 1, which also have wedge-shaped opposing surfaces 1 2, these can be engaged with the surfaces 21 of the keyway Production of an Electrical Flat Contact,
  • the wedge-shaped réellestuck 1 1 is made of solid copper and is directly connected to a flexible electrical liter, this may for example consist of stacked metal foils or a metal mesh or cable,
  • Each of the contact pieces 1 1 is individually spring-mounted in the attachment piece 1. During the contacting, the travel is at least 1 mm. The minimum spring length amounts to at least ten times the resulting spring travel in order to achieve a nearly uniform spring force over the required spring travel.
  • a nearly identical contact pressure with the surfaces 21 of the keyway results irrespective of any positional deviations of the different keyways 21 , Fig. 2.1, 2.2 essentially correspond to Fig. 1, but the keyways 21 are not introduced directly into the graphite electrode 2, Rather, a contact plate 4 - typically made of copper - attached to the treble end face 23.
  • This contact plate 4 has - here patch - Keilnuten 21, in which the wedge-shaped connection pieces 1 1 can be used.
  • the fastening of the contact plate 4 to the graphite electrode 2 is effected for example by screwing with conventional Gewi ⁇ deschrauben 41 and cross-threaded bolts 42 which are introduced by transverse holes 24 in the graphite electrode and used for a uniform distribution of threaded holes on the end face of the graphite electrode.
  • Fig. 3 shows a detailed view of a contact piece 1 1 with its wedge-like arranged counter-surfaces 1 2, the contact piece 1 1 is externally mounted on two bolts 1 3 slidably. On the bolt sit springs 1 4, which print the contact piece 1 1 in the wedge direction. The bolts are slidably mounted in spacers 1 8, which are connected at the back to the spacer stucco 1, not shown.
  • the flexible conductors 3 are mechanically strong and electrically conductive, for example connected by screwing, soldering or welding,
  • Fig. 4 corresponds to the view of Fig., 3 and differs from it only in the form of the wedge-shaped Kunststoffstuckes. This is slotted in the horizontal plane, that the upper and the lower half of the wedge-shaped contact piece are connected only by a narrow web, which serves as a hinge for the compensation of angular errors and can cause a balancing current.
  • FIG. 4 corresponds to the view from FIG. 4 and differs therefrom only in the form of the wedge-shaped contact piece.
  • This is constructed in two parts - here on an envelope suitable for fastening the bolts - and has, instead of a web, a pivot bearing for angular adjustments of the wedge pieces.
  • the pivot bearing can be designed as a separate component in the form of a shaft or a stub, but it can also formed by the special shape of the upper and lower part of the wedge-shaped Kont ⁇ ktstuckes (not shown),
  • Fig. 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 show a two-piece contact wedge, consisting of two individual wedges 1 01, which are each formed so as to give a spring action in the compression direction according to Fig. 7 by horizontal slots 1 1 1 in the wedge base
  • the horizontal slots. 1 1 1 a resilient angular movement and torsional movement of the wedge-shaped tip about the longitudinal axis
  • the slots are here on the height alternately from left and right and parallel to each other in the base stucco
  • Fig. 7 shows the means of threaded bores 1 1 5 (s, Fig, 6. 1) attached to a pressure plate 40 individual wedges 1 01, which are combined to one or more contact wedges and with a compressive force F and electrical current are applied, keyways in a Jacobstuck 2, here the Graphilelektrode, according to the invention Fer concernssung inaccuracies in the context of unusually coarse tolerances in terms of angularity, parallelism and groove depth, without a good electrical contact would be jeopardized, especially in a combination of a struck with individual wedges 1 01 pressure plate 40 with several different Gegenstucken, so for example different graphite electrodes 2, in a fixed Power unit and several moving customers, such as in Rundt ⁇ kttician or transfer lines and the reverse case of a moving skilletseinseini ⁇ and several fixed customers, such as those found in large furnace systems with clocking power supply of fixed single oven, is the adaptability of the individual wedges to the respective present Counter geometry is particularly helpful because the frequently changing counterpart
  • a flat constellation always has a statistically random number of contact points between the surfaces, which depend on the flatness and the roughness of the surfaces. The more contact points there are, the better the electrical contact and the heat transfer between the components of different potentials for example, can form a separable switching element,
  • the present design allows by their spring character, both in the printing direction and respect to the mobility of the individual surfaces 1 2 to each other, from a statistical point of view "2 x (N + l)" - fold more frequent formation of contact points than a comparable, one-piece, unslotted component where "N" is the number of vertical slots 1 1 4
  • FIG. 7 shows a typical construction of a pressure plate 40, contact trowels 110 and a counterpart 2, here the graphite electrode or the contact plate.
  • the contact force F N increases by a factor of 2 to 6 for single wedge angles of 30 ° to ca, 10 °.
  • the statistical probability of Number of contact points increases almost proportionally with higher contact force, so that one can assume a factor of 1, 8 to 5.
  • the solution shown with multiple slotted individual wedges thus provides a better contacting by a factor of 1 00 to 300.
  • Fig. 8 shows the balance of forces between normal force F N on the
  • Fig. 9 shows a slotted single wedge 1 01, which consists of a Vollmate ⁇ al by simple work processes such as saying, milling, drilling and
  • Thread cutting can be produced.
  • the execution is suitable for the production of smaller quantities.
  • FIG. 10 shows a comparison with FIG. 9 single-piece wedge optimized for the production process of extruding or pultrusion, which is suitable for the production of higher quantities.
  • the horizontal slots 1 1 1 extend over the length of the profile and can therefore be produced without further processing directly during pressing / pulling,
  • FIG. 11 shows a further optimized cross-section compared with FIG. 10, which makes it possible to use the two-part contact wedge shown in FIG. 6 1, below Maintaining the advantageously described spring properties and the degrees of freedom, einstuckig einchten. This makes it possible, especially for very high Stuckpoint, the saving of manufacturing and assembly costs
  • the necessary balls can be mounted and fixed in this execution by exploiting the spring action of the two legs and with the aid of a simple perforated belt as Kugelkafig (not shown) through the slots 61 .
  • Fig. 1 2.1, 1 2, 2, 1 2.3 show a compared to Figure 9 designed as a slotted truncated cone, einstuckigen contact pin which is fastened with a central thread 75 and / or more individual threaded holes 76 on a current-carrying pressure plate 40 and in the above
  • the tapered shape reduces the cross-sectional area along the contact surface to the opposite (not shown) and is preferably designed so that the current distribution along the contact surface is improved, especially if the counterpart has a significantly lower electrical conductance than that Contact bolt. There is less contact area available for the shortest current path than for the longer path. The current therefore uses more uniformly the contact surface. This is the case, for example, if the counterpart consists of graphite.
  • the counterpart can be easily produced by means of tapered holes.
  • the choice of angle is based on already available tools for making toolholders for drilling or milling machines, but any other angles can be chosen.
  • the bore 72 can be made by widening the slots 74 at the top of the truncated cone so that after drilling and removing the expansion on The End This ensures that the ball inserted thereafter remains in its intended position.
  • the invention has been described with reference to wedge-shaped contact pieces and wedge-shaped counterparts.
  • the contact piece may of course also be formed as a keyway and the corresponding counterpart in the graphite electrode may be formed as a wedge.
  • the wedge shape is preferably symmetrical.
  • the invention has also been described by way of example only
  • the contacting according to the invention of a graphite electrode with a metallic conductor can likewise be used in the case of graphite electrodes for melting metals, for example of ores, steel of pig iron or scrap, nickel of nickel ore or reduction processes, for example in aluminum production,
  • FIGS. 1, 3 and 1 4 show diagrammatically an alternative embodiment of the graphite electrode 2, which is formed in several parts, in plan view or side view, depending on how the keyways formed by the respective two wedge-shaped surfaces 21 are aligned.
  • the electrode 2 is thereby omitted
  • Each individual electrode has lateral chamfers, in particular two chamfers, which form the wedge surfaces 21, two adjacent chamfers or wedge surfaces 21 of adjacent ones
  • there are four juxtaposed individual electrodes but it can also also several such rows one above the other, d, h extending in the depth of the view , available s one
  • the individual individual electrodes 2a-2d can with the necessary processing of the side surfaces on the required nominal dimensions in a simple manner, the one or more bevelled wedge-shaped surfaces 21 receive, which later in assembly the keyway or v-shaped contact surfaces for electrical contact can form
  • This multi-part structure of the graphite electrode is independent of the configuration of the connecting piece 1 in Fig 1 3 and 1 4 used
  • the connecting piece 1 carries a plurality of wedge-like contact pieces 1 1 and substantially corresponds to the aforementioned embodiments.
  • the Kon ⁇ aktstucke 1 1 can be configured as already described above and are resilient with the
  • Connection piece 1 connected which is indicated by the springs Due to the multi-part structure of the graphite electrode 2 may be waived if necessary on the two-part structure of the contact piece, since the individual parts 2a-2d may possibly accommodate subsidence
  • the contacts 1 1 can therefore be stiff and / or solid be and thus easier to produce
  • laterally counteracting means 51, Ia, z B are provided in the form of holddowns whose force direction offset by about 90 ° to the parting line and axial direction of movement of the contact pieces 1 1 stands
  • the latter case has the following advantage
  • These print because of the flat wedge shape of the contact pieces 1 1, the wedge surfaces 21 against the surface of the contact pieces 1 first It builds the intended high contact pressure, without the known from the prior art high axial contact forces.
  • the juxtaposed individual electrodes 2a-2d are sufficiently compressible by the means for holding together because of the parting line.
  • a one-piece graphite electrode may be sufficiently compressible
  • FIG. 13 shows that the means 51 for holding together can be formed separately, z, B, as an additional pressure cylinder.
  • this type of contacting can be used with the use of self-locking for axial jerking movement of the graphite electrode together with the connection piece, when the lateral pressure is released only after the jerking movement.
  • Fig. 1 4 shows that preferably the means for holding together I a also dependent, for example, via a lever and spring construction, can be formed this exerts a lateral pressure, which depends on the force for pressing the connecting piece 1 against the graphite electrode
  • a lateral pressure which depends on the force for pressing the connecting piece 1 against the graphite electrode
  • an axially acting force is first exerted on the connecting piece 1 via the spring, which initially push the contact pieces 11 with a comparatively small contact force between the wedge surfaces 21 in the axial direction. Only when the spring is compressed do they start via a linkage
  • the person skilled in the art is able to design the springs, linkages, lever ratios and angles of the construction in such a way that a sufficient contact pressure is achieved with a low contact force.
  • the advantage of this construction lies in the fact that only thrusters need to be used in the axial direction and the timing is purely mechanically controlled by lever and spring
  • Fig. 1 3 and 1 4 further show that edge-side contact pieces 1 1 a rest against the graphite electrode 2, wherein the means for holding together 51, Ia act against the edge-side contact pieces 1 I a results in a uniform current input Furthermore, identical fin electrodes 2a -2d are produced, since the peripheral electrodes 2a, 2d need no other geometry

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une électrode de graphite comportant un raccord électrique, ainsi qu'un four mettant en oeuvre une telle électrode de graphite pour effectuer la malléabilisation par graphitisation de matières carbonées. Pour venir à bout des inconvénients connus en l'état actuel de la technique, l'invention propose d'utiliser des plots de contact cunéiformes pour réaliser la liaison électrique entre l'électrode de graphite et le raccord. La pression de contact que demande la conduction électrique au niveau de la transition entre le plot de contact et la surface cunéiforme située sur l'électrode de graphite s'obtient en agissant sur l'angle des coins et la surface de contact.
EP10700745A 2009-01-15 2010-01-15 Électrode de graphite à raccord électrique Withdrawn EP2377366A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009000242 2009-01-15
DE102009000755A DE102009000755A1 (de) 2009-01-15 2009-02-11 Graphitelektrode mit elektrischem Anschlussstück
PCT/EP2010/050478 WO2010081888A1 (fr) 2009-01-15 2010-01-15 Électrode de graphite à raccord électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2377366A1 true EP2377366A1 (fr) 2011-10-19

Family

ID=42262766

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10700745A Withdrawn EP2377366A1 (fr) 2009-01-15 2010-01-15 Électrode de graphite à raccord électrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110268146A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2377366A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2744301A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009000755A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010081888A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9618267B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2017-04-11 Ihi Corporation Graphitization furnace and method for producing graphite
DE102013204742A1 (de) 2013-03-18 2014-09-18 Institut für Bioprozess- und Analysenmesstechnik e.V. Wirkstoff-beladene biokompatible Polyelektrolyt-Multischichten auf Basis sulfatierter Glykosaminoglykane, Verfahren zur Herstellung der Multischichten und deren Verwendung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009000755A1 (de) 2010-07-22
US20110268146A1 (en) 2011-11-03
CA2744301A1 (fr) 2010-07-22
WO2010081888A1 (fr) 2010-07-22

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