EP2372236A1 - Elément optique destiné à l'agencement dans un phare de véhicule - Google Patents

Elément optique destiné à l'agencement dans un phare de véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2372236A1
EP2372236A1 EP10157338A EP10157338A EP2372236A1 EP 2372236 A1 EP2372236 A1 EP 2372236A1 EP 10157338 A EP10157338 A EP 10157338A EP 10157338 A EP10157338 A EP 10157338A EP 2372236 A1 EP2372236 A1 EP 2372236A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical element
light
diffractive structure
cut
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10157338A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tilman Maucher
Martin Seipel
Andreas Stockfisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hella GmbH and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Hella KGaA Huek and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hella KGaA Huek and Co filed Critical Hella KGaA Huek and Co
Priority to EP10157338A priority Critical patent/EP2372236A1/fr
Publication of EP2372236A1 publication Critical patent/EP2372236A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F21S41/275—Lens surfaces, e.g. coatings or surface structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F21S41/255—Lenses with a front view of circular or truncated circular outline
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
    • F21W2102/10—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light
    • F21W2102/13—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region
    • F21W2102/135—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region the light having cut-off lines, i.e. clear borderlines between emitted regions and dark regions
    • F21W2102/16—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region the light having cut-off lines, i.e. clear borderlines between emitted regions and dark regions having blurred cut-off lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical element for arrangement in a headlight of a vehicle, wherein the optical element is Maschinenstrahlbar with light, which is generated by at least one light source arranged in the headlight, wherein the optical element for beam shaping of the optical element radiating light is used and wherein the optical element to at least a surface has a diffractive structure.
  • optical elements are used for beam shaping in vehicle headlights, wherein the optical elements are provided with diffractive structures in order to meet legal and technical requirements of a corresponding light function. It may be the main light functions of a vehicle headlamp, such as low beam and high beam or additional light functions, such as cornering and daytime running lights.
  • the requirements for optical elements for placement in a headlight of a vehicle are numerous and very specific in order to ensure a particular light field and a corresponding light intensity for one of the different lighting functions. Therefore, optical elements often have a complicated geometry or are provided with stochastic structures that are not mathematically writable.
  • the lane in front of the vehicle shall be illuminated without dazzling the drivers of oncoming vehicles or other road users.
  • the transition between the light and dark areas must have a high contrast in order to avoid dazzling oncoming traffic, but at the same time be relatively soft in the transition to the right side of the road To make drivers clearly recognizable and to perceive pedestrians and cyclists at the edge of the road earlier.
  • the degree of hardness of a light-dark boundary is thus an essential quality feature of a low-beam function.
  • U1 is an optical element for arrangement in a headlight of a vehicle known, which is used for beam shaping of a light emitted from a light source.
  • the optical element is made of glass and has a flat surface and a convex surface.
  • a diffractive structure is introduced, which has a greater surface roughness than the planar surface of the optical element, whereby an effect on the cut-off line is achieved.
  • the diffractive structure is introduced in the mold by an erosion or blasting process and molded onto the convex surface of the optical element by a compression molding process.
  • an optical element for a headlight of a vehicle, which overcomes the disadvantages described above.
  • an optical element is to be provided which has such a diffractive structure, which makes it possible to set a degree of softening of a light-dark boundary of a low-beam light.
  • the invention includes the technical teaching that the diffractive structure, which is introduced into at least one surface of the optical element, is numerically describable and serves to influence a bright-dark boundary of a low beam of the headlight.
  • the mathematical describability of the diffractive structure advantageously leads to the computer-aided simulability of the light formed by the optical element. Furthermore, compared to a stochastic structure, a lighting design and an objective quality inspection of the diffractive structure become possible.
  • the diffractive structure according to the invention can thus influence the light which can be transmitted through the optical element in such a way that it is imaged with soft transitions above the light-dark boundary, which leads to a softened and disarmed, easily present light-dark boundary to the desired extent.
  • the optical element is made of a plastic material, in particular of a polycarbonate or a polymethylmethacrylate.
  • Polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate are synthetic, transparent thermoplastics that substitute for glass.
  • Such plastics are elastic and plastically deformable from 100 ° C, with rapid cooling, the new form of Kunsstoffe is maintained and can be cut or engraved, so that the inventive diffractive structure advantageously can be introduced therein.
  • such plastics are weather-resistant, aging-resistant and relatively scratch-resistant, so that an optical element made from them is suitable for arrangement in a vehicle headlight.
  • the optical element can be produced by a plastic injection molding process, wherein the diffractive structure is introduced in the mold of the plastic injection molding process and is molded on the surface of the optical element.
  • the shape tool determines the geometric shape and the surface structure of the finished optical element.
  • the inventive diffractive structure can be produced by injection molding with high accuracy and in a short time.
  • the diffractive structure may be introduced into the surface of the optical element by a molding process.
  • the diffractive structure according to the invention can just as well be introduced into the mold of a compression molding process, so that the optical element can also be produced from glass.
  • the structure according to the invention is thus material-independent and applicable to glass as well as to plastics.
  • the optical element is designed as a plano-convex lens, wherein the diffractive structure can be introduced into the planar surface of the optical element.
  • the optical element is installed in a headlight such that the flat surface is not visible from the outside of the headlight. Therefore, the flat surface can be provided with a diffractive structure without affecting the appearance of the headlamp.
  • the coupling of the light into the optical element takes place via the planar surface of the optical element.
  • a Light source disposed adjacent to the planar surface of the optical element in the headlight.
  • the light emitted by the light source is already refracted at the planar surface by the diffractive structure in order to advantageously form the light radiating through the optical element.
  • the optical element has a convex surface, wherein the coupling of the light out of the optical element takes place via the convex surface.
  • the light which can be transmitted through the optical element is refracted once more at the convex surface, which can serve for advantageous light beam shaping of the light emerging from the optical element.
  • the diffractive structure forms a spatially sequential pattern, preferably a spatially sequential prism-like pattern, wherein the area ratio of the pattern on the planar surface is up to 50% and preferably up to 30%.
  • This area fraction is decisive for the light ratio of the light which is imaged below or above the light-dark boundary, and thus can serve for the advantageous softening of the cut-off line.
  • the spatially sequential pattern can be formed evenly distributed over the planar surface of the optical element.
  • a sequential segment of the pattern may be defined by a raised or recessed shape, which in cross-section may correspond to a triangle, a groove or any other geometric shape.
  • the diffractive structure can be formed by segments raised from the planar surface of the optical element, wherein the width of a segment can be up to 1 mm and preferably up to 0.6 mm.
  • the segment width determines the photometrically effective prismatic structure, which is provided for advantageous light beam shaping.
  • the diffractive structure serves to influence a light intensity of the light adjacent to the light-dark boundary, preferably for influencing the light intensity of the light, which adjoins the light barrier above the light-dark boundary.
  • the segments extend in a direction transverse to the optical axis of the light above the surface of the optical element and have a triangular cross section with a light entrance surface, wherein the angle between the light entry surface and the planar surface is less than 5 ° , preferably less than 0.5 °.
  • the angle between the light entry surface and the planar surface of the optical element determines the width of the light field, which is imaged above the cut-off line. The angle can be chosen such that an advantageous softening of the cut-off line is achieved.
  • the segments of the diffractive structure deflect segments of light from the region below the light-dark boundary into the region above the light-dark boundary, wherein the light segments above the light-dark boundary preferably overlap, such that the contrast of the light Angle limit is reduced.
  • Coupling of the light by different segments and coupling of the light through the convex surface of the optical element occur at different angles, which leads to the superimposition of the light segments imaged by the optical element. Consequently, immediately above the cut-off line, a high light intensity is produced by multiple superimpositions, which gradually decreases with increasing distance from the cut-off line with decreasing superimpositions. For an observer, this results in an upward soft-running cut-off.
  • One way of mathematically describing the diffractive structure allows an accurate determination of the low beam field.
  • an advantageous light intensity and a desired light distribution of the low beam field can be achieved.
  • Parameters of the structure according to the invention which can be adjusted to an advantageous light beam shaping, are geometric shape, number and orientation of the segments, as well as the distance between the segments. Consequently, the optical element according to the invention is used for advantageous light beam shaping Dipped beam function with a softened, yet clear cut-off.
  • FIG. 1 shows an inventive optical element 10 in a sectional view.
  • the optical element 10 can be irradiated with light 11, which can be generated by a light source 12.
  • the light source 12 is on the side of the plane surface 13 of the optical element 10 in the optical axis 19 of the optical element 10 is arranged.
  • the optical element 10 also has a convex surface 16, wherein the extraction of the light 11 from the optical element 10 via the convex surface 16 takes place.
  • the optical element 10 is provided on the planar surface 13 with a diffractive structure 14 according to the invention.
  • the light 11 emitted by the light source 12 is first refracted at the planar surface 13 by the diffractive structure 14 and then at the convex surface 16.
  • the optical element 10 shapes the light 11 in such a way that the light rays near a light-dark boundary 15 run approximately parallel.
  • Refracted light beams 21, 22 at the diffractive structure 14 are deflected mainly from the area below the cut-off line 15 into the area above the cut-off line 15.
  • the upwardly deflected light beams 21 produce a light intensity 21 which expires soft upward in the region above the cut-off line, as shown in FIG FIG. 2 you can see.
  • FIG. 2 shows a light distribution near the cut-off line 15 of a low-beam field at a 10m away from the headlight wall 24.
  • the light distribution of refracted by the optical element 10 light 11 is asymmetrical, the light-dark boundary 15 is deflected to the right side upwards ,
  • the diffractive structure 14 from the FIG. 1 has the light beams 21, 22 deflected into the area above and below the cut-off line 15.
  • a light intensity 21, 22 of the light 11 has arisen above and below the cut-off line 15.
  • the light-dark boundary 15 has no abrupt transition between a lit and a dark area.
  • the light-dark boundary is softened to the width between the light beams 21 and 22.
  • the transition between the high intensity 22 below the cut-off line 15 and the low intensity 21 is above the light-dark boundary 15 slidingly sloping, considering the light distribution as a function of the height H in front of the headlights in Section S of the light distribution considered.
  • FIG. 3 shows an intensity 1 of the light distribution of the low beam as a function of the height H in front of the headlamp as a graph of a function of the light intensity I of the height H.
  • the light intensity I is shown in the section S of the light distribution, as indicated by the dashed line S in the FIG. 2 is shown.
  • the first section I of the graph is almost vertical and corresponds to the intensity I of the light field illuminated by the headlight below the cut-off line 15 up to a certain height H.
  • the second section II of the graph corresponds to the transition between the illuminated area and the dark area above the low beam field. The transition has a high contrast because the section II in the view is almost horizontal.
  • the section III in the view has light sections 23 and runs stepwise.
  • the light sections 23 correspond to the superposition of the light beams 21, 22, which are deflected by the diffractive structure 14.
  • the segments 18 thus form the light sections 23 in the area above the cut-off line 15, which overlap in such a way that the light intensity I above the light-angle boundary 15 slidably decreases, and thus the contrast of the transition between illuminated and dark area is reduced.
  • Sections II and III correspond, considered together, the light-dark boundary 15 of the low beam distribution softened by the optical element 10 according to the invention.
  • the intensity I of the cut-off line 15 is thus also a function of the height H in front of the headlight.
  • Section IV of graph I corresponds to the dark area outside the low beam field.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the planar surface 13 of the optical element 10 and a sectional view of the optical element according to the invention 10.
  • the planar surface 13 of the optical element 10 according to the invention is left in the FIG. 4 shown.
  • the diffractive structure 14 is introduced, which has a spatially sequential pattern 17.
  • the pattern 17 has a sequential character formed of a plurality of prismatic segments 18.
  • the segments 18 extend in a direction transverse to the optical axis 19 of the light 11 above the surface 13 of the optical element 10 and have a triangular cross-section with a light entry surface 20, as described below in the FIG. 6 is clarified.
  • the area ratio of the pattern 17 on the planar surface 13, which is determined by the width of the segments 18, is preferably 30%.
  • the optical element 10 according to the invention is shown in a sectional view. In the sectional view it can be seen that the segments 18 of the diffractive structure 14 project from the plane surface 13 and correspond in cross-section to the shape of a triangle.
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the diffractive structure 14 on the planar surface 13 of the optical element 10 according to the invention in a sectional view.
  • the depicted section of the diffractive structure 14 is selected approximately around the optical axis 19 of the optical element 10.
  • the diffractive structure 14 forms a sequential prismatic pattern 17, which is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the optical axis 19 on the surface 13 in the vertical direction.
  • the pattern 17 is formed from the raised prismatic segments 18 having a triangular cross-section, as in FIG FIG. 6 is shown.
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of a segment 18 of the diffractive structure 14 on the planar surface 13 of the optical element 10 according to the invention in a sectional view.
  • the segment 18 has a width s, which determines the actual width of the photometrically active structure 14.
  • the width s is complemented by s', one side of the segment 18 serving as a light entry surface 20 of the light 11 incident on the segment 18.
  • the width s of the segment 18 is decisive for the light intensity I of the light 11, which is imaged below or above the sharp cut-off line 15, as shown in FIG FIG. 2 is shown. Consequently, the width s is also decisive for the degree of softening of the light-dark boundary 15.
  • an angle ⁇ is created, which can be chosen to be of any size greater than zero. In the illustrated embodiment, the angle is 90 ° for manufacturing reasons.
  • Another characteristic parameter of the segment 18 is an angle ⁇ , the between the planar surface 13 and the light entry surface 20 is formed.
  • the angle ⁇ determines the width of the light section 23, which is imaged above the cut-off line 15, as shown in FIG FIG. 3 is shown.
  • the coupling of the light 11 in the optical element 10 by different segments 18 and the coupling of the light 11 from the optical element 10 done at different angles. Consequently, each such segment 18 of the diffractive structure 14 produces a light section 23 above or below the cut-off line 15, which is imaged at a different height to the cut-off line 15.
  • the effect of the segments 18 leads to the superimposition of the light sections 23 and to the emergence of the light intensity above the cut-off line 15, which decreases with increasing height. This results in an upward soft-running light-dark boundary 15, as shown in the FIG. 3 is shown.
  • the geometric shape, number and orientation of the segments 18, and the distance between the segments 18 determine the lighting properties of the optical element 10 and thus influence the cut-off line 15 of the low beam field.
  • the segments 18 may in particular be designed differently depending on the distance to the optical axis 19. In particular, the angles ⁇ and ⁇ may vary from segment 18 to segment 18.
  • One way to determine the diffractive structure 14, allows an advantageous light beam shaping of the low beam, wherein the light distribution of the low beam light can be objectively calculated. Rather, by adapting the geometric characteristics of the diffractive structure 14, a desired light intensity I and an advantageous form of the light distribution can be achieved.
  • the geometric shape of the segments 18 and the pattern 17 can be selected advantageously.
  • the distance between the segments 18 can be varied in order to influence the degree of hardness of the light-dark boundary 15 advantageously, wherein the orientation of the individual segments 18 can be varied to adjust the width of the cut-off line 15.
  • a pattern can be selected that exemplifies Recesses in the form of grooves is formed.
  • the shape of the segments 18 can be advantageously chosen so that they form, for example, in cross-section a semicircle or any other mathematically describable geometric figure.
  • the geometry of the diffractive structure 14 can not only serve to favorably influence the light distribution, but also be adapted to the requirements of the manufacturer's technology.
  • a further advantage of the optical element 10 according to the invention is a possibility of an objective quality inspection of the surface 13 provided with the diffractive structure 14. It has also proven to be particularly advantageous that the surface gradient, like other characteristic parameters of the optical element according to the invention, are clearly determinable mathematical quantities. Furthermore, the lighting design of the optical element and the numerical simulability of the light distribution can also be performed clearly and objectively, with an inaccurate and expensive empirical estimation of the low beam field is no longer necessary. It is particularly advantageous that the diffractive structures 14 are formed protruding from the surface 13, which reduces the tool-side effort for the production of the optical element 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
EP10157338A 2010-03-23 2010-03-23 Elément optique destiné à l'agencement dans un phare de véhicule Withdrawn EP2372236A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10157338A EP2372236A1 (fr) 2010-03-23 2010-03-23 Elément optique destiné à l'agencement dans un phare de véhicule

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10157338A EP2372236A1 (fr) 2010-03-23 2010-03-23 Elément optique destiné à l'agencement dans un phare de véhicule

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EP2372236A1 true EP2372236A1 (fr) 2011-10-05

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3130840A3 (fr) * 2015-08-10 2017-03-29 Taiwan Network Computer & Electronic Co., Ltd. Module lumineux comportant une lentille
DE102015122670A1 (de) 2015-12-23 2017-06-29 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Optikeinheit für Fahrzeuge sowie Beleuchtungsvorrichtung
EP3616994A1 (fr) 2018-08-31 2020-03-04 ZKW Group GmbH Phares de véhicules automobile à éléments optiques diffractifs
WO2024061674A1 (fr) * 2022-09-20 2024-03-28 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Phare pour véhicule à moteur

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB111041A (en) * 1916-12-06 1917-11-15 Adelbert Ames Improvements in or relating to Light Projection Apparatus.
US1471668A (en) * 1923-10-23 lyndon
DE1273455B (de) * 1964-07-17 1968-07-25 Westfaelische Metall Ind K G H Scheinwerferscheibe fuer Kraftfahrzeuge
EP0221416A2 (fr) * 1985-11-07 1987-05-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Projecteur de croisement ou de brouillard pour automobiles
DE19846797A1 (de) * 1997-11-04 1999-05-06 Valeo Vision Scheinwerfer in elliptischer Ausführung mit vergrößertem Leuchtfeld
DE202004005936U1 (de) 2004-04-08 2005-03-10 Schott Ag Beleuchtungseinrichtung
FR2871550A1 (fr) * 2004-06-11 2005-12-16 Valeo Vision Sa Dispositif d'eclairage ou de signalisation a guide optique pour vehicule automobile
DE102004062913A1 (de) * 2004-12-22 2006-07-06 Schott Ag Beleuchtungseinrichtung mit Linse
EP1980787A1 (fr) 2007-04-10 2008-10-15 Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Unité de lampe pour véhicule
DE102009021354A1 (de) * 2009-05-14 2009-12-31 Daimler Ag Beleuchtungseinheit für ein Fahrzeug

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1471668A (en) * 1923-10-23 lyndon
GB111041A (en) * 1916-12-06 1917-11-15 Adelbert Ames Improvements in or relating to Light Projection Apparatus.
DE1273455B (de) * 1964-07-17 1968-07-25 Westfaelische Metall Ind K G H Scheinwerferscheibe fuer Kraftfahrzeuge
EP0221416A2 (fr) * 1985-11-07 1987-05-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Projecteur de croisement ou de brouillard pour automobiles
EP0221416B1 (fr) 1985-11-07 1995-09-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Projecteur de croisement ou de brouillard pour automobiles
DE19846797A1 (de) * 1997-11-04 1999-05-06 Valeo Vision Scheinwerfer in elliptischer Ausführung mit vergrößertem Leuchtfeld
DE202004005936U1 (de) 2004-04-08 2005-03-10 Schott Ag Beleuchtungseinrichtung
FR2871550A1 (fr) * 2004-06-11 2005-12-16 Valeo Vision Sa Dispositif d'eclairage ou de signalisation a guide optique pour vehicule automobile
DE102004062913A1 (de) * 2004-12-22 2006-07-06 Schott Ag Beleuchtungseinrichtung mit Linse
EP1980787A1 (fr) 2007-04-10 2008-10-15 Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Unité de lampe pour véhicule
DE102009021354A1 (de) * 2009-05-14 2009-12-31 Daimler Ag Beleuchtungseinheit für ein Fahrzeug

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3130840A3 (fr) * 2015-08-10 2017-03-29 Taiwan Network Computer & Electronic Co., Ltd. Module lumineux comportant une lentille
DE102015122670A1 (de) 2015-12-23 2017-06-29 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Optikeinheit für Fahrzeuge sowie Beleuchtungsvorrichtung
EP3616994A1 (fr) 2018-08-31 2020-03-04 ZKW Group GmbH Phares de véhicules automobile à éléments optiques diffractifs
WO2020043391A1 (fr) 2018-08-31 2020-03-05 Zkw Group Gmbh Phare de véhicule automobile doté d'éléments optiques diffractifs
WO2024061674A1 (fr) * 2022-09-20 2024-03-28 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Phare pour véhicule à moteur

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