EP2324068A2 - Polymérisation par précipitation en présence de monostéarate de glycérine - Google Patents

Polymérisation par précipitation en présence de monostéarate de glycérine

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Publication number
EP2324068A2
EP2324068A2 EP09782541A EP09782541A EP2324068A2 EP 2324068 A2 EP2324068 A2 EP 2324068A2 EP 09782541 A EP09782541 A EP 09782541A EP 09782541 A EP09782541 A EP 09782541A EP 2324068 A2 EP2324068 A2 EP 2324068A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
compound
alkyl
copolymer composition
acid
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EP09782541A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Son Nguyen-Kim
Wolfgang Jahnel
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Priority to EP09782541A priority Critical patent/EP2324068A2/fr
Publication of EP2324068A2 publication Critical patent/EP2324068A2/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/002—Scale prevention in a polymerisation reactor or its auxiliary parts
    • C08F2/005—Scale prevention in a polymerisation reactor or its auxiliary parts by addition of a scale inhibitor to the polymerisation medium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/04—Polymerisation in solution
    • C08F2/06—Organic solvent
    • C08F2/08—Organic solvent with the aid of dispersing agents for the polymer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
    • C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
    • C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a crosslinked copolymer with anionogenic / anionic groups by free-radical copolymerization by the method of precipitation polymerization, the copolymers obtained by this process and their use.
  • Rheology modifiers which are often processed in solid, powdered form, are used in many technical fields, e.g. paints, papermaking, textiles, hygiene, cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents.
  • Crosslinked polyacrylic acids are currently among the most widely used rheology modifiers.
  • WO 2007/010034 describes an ampholytic copolymer A) obtainable by free-radical copolymerization of
  • N-vinylimidazole compounds N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] acrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide and mixtures thereof, and
  • WO 2007/012610 describes a silicone group-containing copolymer A) obtainable by free-radical copolymerization of a) at least one compound having a free-radically polymerizable, ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated double bond and at least one ionogenic and / or ionic group per molecule,
  • WO 2007/010035 describes the use of an ampholytic copolymer which has a molar excess of anionogenic / anionic groups over cationogenic / cationic groups or which has a molar excess of cationogenic / cationic groups with respect to anionogenic / anionic groups and which can be obtained is by radical copolymerization of
  • ampholytic copolymer can be prepared by free radical copolymerization by the method of precipitation polymerization.
  • US 4,758,641 describes a process for the preparation of polymers of olefinically unsaturated C3-Cs-carboxylic acids in a solvent selected from acetone and lower alkyl acetates, and in the presence of a crosslinker.
  • US 4,692,502 describes a process for the polymerization of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids in an organic solvent and in the presence of ionic surfactants.
  • No. 4,526,937 describes a process for the precipitation polymerization of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers having terminal OH groups and an HLB value of greater than 10.
  • No. 4,419,502 describes a process for the precipitation polymerization of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids in methylene chloride and in the presence of a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and / or polyoxyethylene sorbitol ester having an HLB value of greater than 12.
  • EP 0 584 771 A1 describes a polymer of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a steric stabilizer.
  • Suitable steric stabilizers are linear block copolymers and random comb polymers with hydrophilic and hydrophobic units.
  • No. 4,420,596 describes a process for the polymerization of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids in a polymerization medium containing mineral spirits in the presence of 1) a sorbitan ester, 2) a nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of less than 10, which is an ester of glycerol or an alkylene glycol and 3) a long-chain alcohol.
  • a sorbitan ester 2,2, a nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of less than 10, which is an ester of glycerol or an alkylene glycol and 3) a long-chain alcohol.
  • glycerol monostearate is mentioned. However, it is neither described to use this in the form of mixtures, nor is it used in the embodiments.
  • EP 1 209 198 A1 describes a polymer composition containing A) a crosslinked carboxyl group-containing polymer and B) at least one compound selected from esters of polyhydric alcohols with fatty acids and the alkylene oxide adducts thereof.
  • B) is also mentioned glycerol monostearate.
  • decaglyceryl decaoleate preference is given to decaglyceryl decaoleate, decaglyceryl pentaoleate, decaglyceryl diisostearate, decaglyceryl oleate, hexaglyceryl oleate, Tetraglyceryl stearate, diglyceryl oleate and glyceryl trioleate used (paragraph [0023]).
  • the polymer composition serves as a thickener for various aqueous solutions.
  • polymers that are well suited for adjusting the Theological properties of various products, so they z. B. can be formulated in the form of gels.
  • the resulting gels should be characterized by at least one of the following properties: a very good clarity, very good structure, good dissolution properties.
  • the polymerization should be feasible as possible without undesirable complications, such as an excessive increase in viscosity or undesirable formation of deposits in the polymerization reactor.
  • the polymers obtained should, for example, be distinguished by a high degree of uniformity.
  • a first subject of the invention is therefore a process for preparing a copolymer composition A) by free-radical copolymerization of a monomer composition comprising
  • H2 at least one compound other than H1) having an HLB value in the range of 4 to 10, selected from water-insoluble natural waxes, nonionic emulsifiers and mixtures thereof.
  • at least one further adjuvant H3) is additionally used, which is selected from emulsifiers having an HLB value in the range of greater than 10.
  • Another object of the invention is a copolymer composition A), which is obtainable by this method.
  • the reaction mixture has a lower viscosity, so that the heat of reaction can be better dissipated
  • the resulting gels are characterized by at least one of the following properties: very good clarity, very good structure, good resolution properties.
  • the HLB value hydrophilic lipophilic balance
  • Emulsifiers for which the HLB value can not be calculated, often succeed in an experimental determination by the emulsion comparison method.
  • the HLB value of the unknown emulsifier is calculated according to the formula:
  • HLB R - ⁇ H x S > N
  • H the HLB value of the known emulsifier
  • HLB values and methods for their determination are described in standard works, e.g. B. K. H. Schrader, bases and formulations of cosmetics, Hüthig Verlag, 2nd ed., 1989.
  • the preparation of the copolymer compositions A) according to the invention is carried out by precipitation polymerization.
  • the monomers used are soluble in the reaction medium (monomer, solvent), but the corresponding polymer is not.
  • the resulting polymer becomes insoluble under the chosen polymerization conditions and precipitates out of the reaction mixture.
  • the inventive method itself is characterized by advantageous properties and also leads to copolymer compositions with particularly advantageous properties shafts.
  • the precipitation polymers present in the polymer compositions according to the invention are distinguished by their capability as rheology modifiers (especially as thickeners). They are suitable for the formulation of gels with improved clarity and / or improved structural properties and / or improved dissolution properties relative to gels based on conventional polymer compositions.
  • alkyl includes straight-chain and branched alkyl groups. Suitable short-chain alkyl groups are, for. B. straight-chain or branched Ci-C7-alkyl, preferably d-C ⁇ -alkyl and particularly preferably Ci-C4-alkyl groups.
  • Suitable longer-chain Cs-Cso-alkyl or Cs-Cso-alkenyl groups are straight-chain and branched alkyl or alkenyl groups. These are preferably predominantly linear alkyl radicals, as also occur in natural or synthetic fatty acids and fatty alcohols and oxo alcohols, or predominantly linear alkenyl radicals, as also occur in natural or synthetic fatty acids and fatty alcohols and oxo alcohols, which are simple, may be di-or polyunsaturated. Suitable longer-chain Cs-Cso-alkyl groups are, for.
  • Suitable longer-chain Cs-Cso-alkenyl groups include, for. B.
  • n-octenyl n-nonenyl, n-decenyl, n-undecenyl, n-dodecenyl, n-tridecenyl, n-tetradecenyl, n-pentadecenyl, n-hexadecenyl, n-heptadecenyl, n-octadecenyl, n-nonadecenyl, n-eicosenyl, n-docosenyl, n-tetracosenyl, hexacosenyl, triacontenyl, etc.
  • Cycloalkyl is preferably Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl, such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl.
  • Aryl includes unsubstituted and substituted aryl groups and is preferably phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, mesityl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, naphthacenyl and in particular phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI or mesityl.
  • the copolymer compositions A) according to the invention can advantageously be formulated as gels under normal conditions (20 ° C.).
  • "Gel-like consistency” show formulations which have a higher viscosity than a liquid and which are self-supporting, ie retain the shape given to them without a shape-stabilizing coating.
  • gel formulations are easily deformed using shear forces.
  • the viscosity of the gelled agents is preferably in a range from greater than 600 to about 60,000 mPas, more preferably from 6,000 to 30,000 mPas.
  • the gels are hair gels.
  • water-soluble monomers and polymers are understood as meaning monomers and polymers which dissolve in water to at least 1 g / l at 20 ° C.
  • Water-dispersible monomers and polymers are understood as meaning monomers and polymers which decompose into dispersible particles with the aid of shearing forces, for example by stirring.
  • Hydrophilic monomers are preferably water-soluble or at least water-dispersible.
  • the copolymers contained in the copolymer compositions A) according to the invention are generally water-soluble.
  • acrylic acid is used as component a).
  • Component a) is preferably used in an amount of at least 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the used compounds used.
  • the component a) is particularly preferably used in an amount of 60 to 99.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the compounds used for the polymerization (ie the monomers a) and, if present, b) to g) add up to 100% by weight).
  • the monomer composition used for the preparation of the copolymer composition A) by free-radical copolymerization consists only of the components a) and c). Then, the component a) is preferably used in an amount of 95 to 99.99 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 98 to 99.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the compounds used for the polymerization a) and c) , The process of the invention is then used specifically for the preparation of crosslinked polyacrylic acid.
  • the component a) in an amount of 25 to 99.7 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 99.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the compounds used for the polymerization (ie components a) to g)).
  • the monomer composition used to prepare the copolymer composition A) comprises, in addition to components a) and c), at least one further monomer.
  • component b) comprises a compound which is different from acrylic acid and has a free-radically polymerizable, .alpha.,. Beta.-ethylenically unsaturated
  • the component b) is preferably used in an amount of 0 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0 to 25 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the compounds used for the polymerization. If present, component b) is preferably used in an amount of from 0.1 to 40% by weight, more preferably from 0.5 to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the compounds used for the polymerization.
  • the compounds b) are selected from monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phosphonic acids and mixtures thereof.
  • the monomers b) include monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 25, preferably 3 to 6, carbon atoms, which can also be used in the form of their salts or anhydrides. Examples thereof are methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid and fumaric acid.
  • the monomers a) furthermore include the monoesters of monoethylenically unsaturated Dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 10, preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms, for. B.
  • the monomers a) also include monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids, for example vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, sulfoethyl acrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, sulfopropyl acrylate, sulfopropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropylsulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylphosphonic acid and allylphosphonic acid.
  • monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids for example vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, sulfoethyl acrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, sulfopropyl acrylate, sul
  • the monomers a) also include the salts of the abovementioned acids, in particular the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts and the salts with amines.
  • the monomers b) can be used as such or as mixtures with one another. The stated proportions by weight are all based on the acid form.
  • Component b) is preferably selected from methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • Methacrylic acid is particularly preferably used as component b).
  • At least one crosslinker i. H. a compound having two or more than two ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds.
  • Crosslinkers are preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.1 to 4 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the compounds used for the polymerization.
  • Suitable crosslinkers c) are, for example, acrylic esters, methacrylic esters, allyl ethers or vinyl ethers of at least dihydric alcohols.
  • the OH groups of the underlying alcohols may be completely or partially etherified or esterified; however, the crosslinkers contain at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups.
  • Examples of the underlying alcohols are dihydric alcohols such as 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 2-butanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1, 4- Butanediol, but-2-en-1, 4-diol, 1, 2-pentanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 2-hexanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, 1, 2-dodecanediol, 1, 12-dodecanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methylpentane-1, 5-diol, 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1, 4-cycl
  • Examples of underlying alcohols having more than two OH groups are trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1, 2,5-pentanetriol, 1, 2,6-hexanetriol, cyanuric acid, sorbitans, sugars such as sucrose, glucose, mannose.
  • the polyhydric alcohols can also be used after reaction with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide as the corresponding ethoxylates or propoxylates.
  • the polyhydric alcohols can also be first converted by reaction with epichlorohydrin in the corresponding glycidyl ether. Preference is given to ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate and polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylates.
  • crosslinkers c) are the vinyl esters or the esters of monohydric, unsaturated alcohols with ethylenically unsaturated Cs-C ⁇ -carboxylic acids, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid.
  • examples of such alcohols are allyl alcohol, 1-buten-3-ol, 5-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, 9-decen-1-ol, dicyclopentenyl alcohol, 10-undecen-1-ol, cinnamyl alcohol Citronellol,
  • Crotyl alcohol or cis-9-octadecen-1-ol it is also possible to esterify the monohydric, unsaturated alcohols with polybasic carboxylic acids, for example malonic acid, tartaric acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid or succinic acid.
  • polybasic carboxylic acids for example malonic acid, tartaric acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid or succinic acid.
  • crosslinkers c) are (meth) acrylic esters, various esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with the polyhydric alcohols described above, for example oleic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid or 10-undecenoic acid.
  • Suitable crosslinkers c) are also straight-chain or branched, linear or cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons which have at least two double bonds which may not be conjugated in aliphatic hydrocarbons, eg. As divinylbenzene, divinyltoluene, 1, 7-octadiene, 1, 9-decadiene, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene, trivinylcyclohexane or polybutadienes having molecular weights of 200 to 20,000.
  • crosslinkers c) are the acrylamides, methacrylamides and N-allylamines of at least divalent amines.
  • amines are for example 1, 2-diaminoethane, 1, 3-diaminopropane, 1, 4-diaminobutane, 1, 6-diaminohexane, 1, 12-dodecanediamine, piperazine, diethylenetriamine or isophoronediamine.
  • amides of allylamine and unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, Methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, or at least dibasic carboxylic acids as described above.
  • triallylmethylammonium chloride or methyl sulfate, as crosslinker c) suitable.
  • N-vinyl compounds of urea derivatives at least divalent amides, cyanurates or urethanes, for example of urea, ethylene urea, propylene urea or tartaramide, for. N, N'-divinylethyleneurea or N, N'-divinylpropyleneurea.
  • crosslinkers c) are divinyldioxane, tetraallylsilane or tetravinylsilane.
  • mixtures of the abovementioned compounds c) can also be used.
  • Very particularly preferred crosslinkers c) are ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, pentaerythritol triallyl ether, methylenebisacrylamide, N, N'-divinylethyleneurea, triallylamine and triallylmonoalkylammonium salts.
  • the monomer composition used to prepare the copolymer composition A) may additionally contain at least one compound d) having a free-radically polymerizable, ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated double bond and at least one cationogenic and / or cationic group per molecule.
  • Component d) is preferably used in an amount of from 0.1 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the compounds used for the polymerization.
  • copolymers present in the copolymer composition A) preferably have an excess of anionogenic and / or anionic groups. Therefore, monomers d) are used, preferably in amounts such that the copolymer in A) has a molar excess of anionogenic / anionic groups over cationogenic / cationic groups of at least 5: 1, preferably at least 10: 1.
  • the cationogenic and / or cationic groups of component d) are preferably nitrogen-containing groups, such as primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups, and quaternary ammonium groups.
  • the nitrogen-containing groups are preferably tertiary amino groups or quaternary ammonium groups. umense.
  • Charged cationic groups can be generated from the amine nitrogens either by protonation or by quaternization with acids or alkylating agents. These include z.
  • carboxylic acids such as lactic acid, or mineral acids such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, or as alkylating Ci C4 alkyl halides or sulfates such as ethyl chloride, ethyl bromide, methyl chloride, methyl bromide, dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate.
  • Protonation or quaternization can generally be carried out both before and after the polymerization.
  • component d) is selected from esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with aminoalcohols which may be mono- or dialkylated on the amine nitrogen, amides of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with diamines which contain at least a primary or secondary amino group, N, N-diallylamine, N, N-diallyl-N-alkylamines and derivatives thereof, vinyl- and allyl-substituted nitrogen heterocycles, vinyl- and allyl-substituted heteroaromatic compounds, and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred compounds d) are the esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with amino alcohols.
  • Preferred amino alcohols are C 2 -C 12 -amino alcohols which are mono- or dialkylated on the amine nitrogen by C 1 -C 8.
  • the acid component of these esters are z.
  • the acid component used is preferably acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred monomers d) are N-methylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate
  • Preferred monomers d) are, in particular, also the quaternization products of the aforementioned compounds.
  • component d) consists only of N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate or N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate quaternized with methyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate.
  • Preferred monomers d) are furthermore N, N-diallylamines and N, N-diallyl-N-alkylamines and their acid addition salts and quaternization products.
  • Alkyl is available preferably C 1 -C 24 -alkyl.
  • Preference is given to N, N-diallyl-N-methylamine and N, N-diallyl-N, N-dimethylammonium compounds, such as.
  • chlorides and bromides Particularly preferred is N, N-diallyl-N-methylammonium chloride (DADMAC).
  • Suitable monomers d) are furthermore the amides of the abovementioned ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with diamines which have at least one primary or secondary amino group.
  • diamines having a tertiary and a primary or secondary amino group.
  • Preferred as monomers d) are z. N- [tert -butylaminoethyl] (meth) acrylamide, N- [2- (dimethylamino) ethyl] acrylamide, N- [2- (dimethylamino) ethyl] methacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] acrylamide , N- [3- (Dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) butyl] acrylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) butyl] methacrylamide, N- [2- (diethylamino) ethyl] acrylamide, N - [4- (dimethylamino) cyclohexyl] acrylamide and N- [4- (dimethylamino) cyclohexyl] methacrylamide.
  • component d) comprises as vinyl-substituted heteroaromatic compound at least one N-vinylimidazole compound.
  • component d) is selected from N-vinylimidazole compounds and mixtures containing at least one N-vinylimidazole compound.
  • Suitable N-vinylimidazole compounds are compounds of the formula
  • R 1 to R 3 independently of one another represent hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or phenyl.
  • R 1 to R 3 are hydrogen.
  • N-vinylimidazole compounds of the general formula (I) are also suitable.
  • R 1 to R 3 are independently hydrogen, Ci-C 4 -AlkVl or phenyl.
  • Preferred monomer d) is 1-vinylimidazole (N-vinylimidazole) and are mixtures containing N-vinylimidazole.
  • Suitable monomers d) are also the compounds obtainable by protonation or quaternization of the abovementioned N-vinylimidazole compounds. Examples of such charged monomers d) are quaternized vinylimidazoles, especially 3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium chloride, methosulfate and ethosulfate.
  • Suitable acids and alkylating agents are those listed above.
  • Suitable monomers d) are also vinyl- and allyl-substituted nitrogen heterocycles, other than vinylimidazoles, such as 2- and 4-vinylpyridine, 2- and 4-allylpyridine, and the salts thereof.
  • the monomer composition used to prepare the copolymer composition may additionally contain in copolymerized form at least one further amide group-containing monomer e) of the general formula (II)
  • R 4 and R 5 together with the amide group to which they are attached may also stand for a lactam having 5 to 8 ring atoms
  • R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may also stand for a five- to seven-membered heterocycle
  • the compounds of component e) preferably have at most 7 further carbon atoms in addition to the carbonyl carbon atom of the amide group.
  • component e) selected from primary amides of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, N-vinylamides of saturated mono- Nocarboxylic acids, N-vinyl lactams, N-alkyl and N, N-dialkylamides of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred monomers e) are N-vinyl lactams and their derivatives, the z.
  • one or more d-C ⁇ -alkyl substituents such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, etc. may have. These include z.
  • N-vinylpyrrolidone N-vinylpiperidone, N-vinylcaprolactam
  • N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone N-vinyl-5-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • N-vinyl-6-methyl-2-piperidone N-vinyl-6-ethyl-2-piperidone
  • N-vinyl-7-methyl-2-caprolactam N-vinyl-7-ethyl-2-caprolactam, etc.
  • N-vinylpyrrolidone and / or N-vinylcaprolactam.
  • Suitable monomers e) are furthermore acrylamide and methacrylamide.
  • N-alkyl and N, N-dialkylamides of .alpha.,. Beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids which have at most 7 further carbon atoms in addition to the carbonyl carbon atom of the amide group are, for example, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-propyl (meth) acrylamide, N- (n-butyl) (meth) acrylamide, N-tert-butyl (meth) acrylamide, n-pentyl (meth) acrylamide, n-hexyl (meth) acrylamide, n -Heptyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethyl (meth) acrylamide, piperidinyl (meth) acrylamide, morpholinyl (meth) acrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable open-chain N-vinylamide compounds as monomers e) are N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide,
  • Component e) is preferably used in an amount of from 0.1 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably from 1 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers used for the polymerization.
  • the monomer composition used to prepare the copolymer composition may additionally contain, in copolymerized form, at least one further monomer f) which has a group of the formulas (IIIa) or (NIb)
  • R a is H or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl
  • R b is H or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or
  • R a and R b together represent (CH 2) i- 4 .
  • the monomer f) is preferably selected from monomers having a group of the formulas (IIIa.1) or (IIIb.1)
  • Preferred as monomers f) are the compounds of the formula:
  • Preferred urea group-containing monomers f) are N- (2-acryloxyethyl) imidazolidin-2-one and N- (2-methacryloxyethyl) imidazolidin-2-one. Particularly preferred is N- (2-methacryloxyethyl) imidazolidin-2-one (2-ureidomethacrylate, UMA).
  • Component f) is preferably used in an amount of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers used for the polymerization.
  • the monomer composition used to prepare the copolymer composition may additionally comprise, in copolymerized form, at least one further monomer g) selected from esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C 1 -C 6 -alkanols, esters ⁇ , ⁇ ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C2-C3o-diols, amides of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C2-C3o-amino alcohols having a primary or secondary amino group, and mixtures thereof.
  • at least one further monomer g) selected from esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C 1 -C 6 -alkanols, esters ⁇ , ⁇ ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C
  • Suitable esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with Ci-C7-alkanols are z.
  • Preferred monomers f) are the esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with Ci-C3-alkanols, in particular methyl methacrylate.
  • Suitable additional monomers g) are furthermore 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate,
  • Suitable additional monomers g) are furthermore 2-hydroxyethylacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethylethacrylamide, 2-hydroxypropylacrylamide, 2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide, 3-hydroxypropylacrylamide, 3-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide, 3-hydroxybutylacrylamide, 3-hydroxybutylmethacrylamide, 4-hydroxybutylacrylamide, 4-hydroxybutylmethacrylamide, 6-hydroxyhexylacrylamide, 6-hydroxyhexylmethacrylamide, 3-hydroxy-2-ethylhexylacrylamide and 3-hydroxy-2- ethylhexylmethacrylamid.
  • Component g) is preferably used in an amount of from 0.1 to 25% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers used for the polymerization.
  • copolymer composition A) it is additionally possible to use at least one monomer h) which is different from the components a) to g) and is copolymerizable therewith.
  • Suitable compounds h) are selected from compounds of the general formulas IV a), IV b), IV c), IV d) and IV e)
  • H 2 C CCX (CH 2 CH 2 O) k (CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O), R 9
  • H 2 C CH CH 2 O (CH 2 CH 2 O) k (CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O), R 9
  • k and I independently of one another represent an integer from 0 to 1000, the sum of k and I being at least 5,
  • R 8 in the compounds (IVa) is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, preferably methyl, and R 8 in the compounds (IVc) is hydrogen or C 1 -C -alkyl
  • X is O or a group of the formula NR 10 , wherein R 10 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl.
  • Suitable monomers of formula IV a) wherein X is O are, for. N-octyl (meth) acrylate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl (meth) acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, n-nonyl (meth) acrylate, n-decyl (meth) acrylate, n-undecyl (e.g.
  • meth) acrylate tridecyl (meth) acrylate, myristyl (meth) acrylate, pentadecyl (meth) acrylate, palmityl (meth) acrylate, heptadecyl (meth) acrylate, nonadecyl (meth) acrylate, arrachinyl (meth) acrylate, behenyl (meth) acrylate, lignocerenyl (meth) acrylate, cerotinyl (meth) acrylate, melissinyl (meth) acrylate, palmitoleinyl (meth) acrylate, oleyl (meth) acrylate, linolyl (meth) acrylate, linolenyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, Lauryl (meth) acrylate and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable monomers of formula IV a) wherein X is NR 10 are, for. B. n-octyl (meth) acrylamide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl (meth) acrylamide, ethylhexyl (meth) acrylamide, n-nonyl (meth) acrylamide, n-decyl (meth) acrylamide, n-undecyl ( meth) acrylamide, tridecyl (meth) acrylamide, myristyl (meth) acrylamide, pentadecyl (meth) acrylamide, palmityl (meth) acrylamide, heptadecyl (meth) acrylamide, nonadecyl (meth) acrylamide, arrachinyl (meth) acrylamide, behenyl (meth) acrylamide, lignocerenyl (meth) acrylamide, cerotinyl (meth)
  • Suitable monomers of the formula IV b) are, for. B. n-octyl vinyl ether,
  • 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl vinyl ether 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl vinyl ether, ethylhexyl vinyl ether, n-nonyl vinyl ether, n-decyl vinyl ether, n-undecyl vinyl ether, tridecyl vinyl ether, myristyl vinyl ether, pentadecyl vinyl ether, palmityl vinyl ether, heptadecyl vinyl ether, octadecyl vinyl ether, nonadecyl vinyl ether, arrachinyl vinyl ether, behenyl vinyl ether, lignocerenyl vinyl ether, cerotinyl vinyl ether, melissinyl vinyl ether, palmitolyl vinyl ether, Oleylvinylether,
  • Linolyl vinyl ethers linolenyl vinyl ethers, stearyl vinyl ethers, lauryl vinyl ethers and mixtures thereof.
  • IV c) and IV d) k is preferably an integer from 1 to 500, in particular 3 to 250.
  • I is an integer from 0 to 100.
  • R 8 in the formula IV c) is preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl or n-hexyl, in particular hydrogen , Methyl or ethyl.
  • R 9 in the formulas IV c) and IV d) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n- Octyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, tridecyl, myristyl, pentadecyl, palmityl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, arrachinyl, behenyl, lignoceenyl, cerotinyl, Melissinyl, palmitoleinyl, oleyl, linolyl, linolenyl, stearyl, lauryl.
  • X in the formula IV c) is O or NH.
  • Suitable polyether acrylates IV c) are z.
  • Suitable polyetherols can easily be prepared by reacting ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide and / or epichlorohydrin with a starter molecule, such as water or a short-chain alcohol R 9 -OH.
  • the alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as a mixture.
  • the polyether acrylates IV c) can be used alone or in mixtures for the preparation of the polymers used according to the invention.
  • Suitable allyl alcohol alkoxides IV d) are, for. B. the etherification of AIIyI- chloride with corresponding polyetherols.
  • Suitable polyetherols can be readily prepared by reacting ethylene oxide, 1, 2-propylene oxide and / or epichlorohydrin with a starter alcohol R 9 -OH.
  • the alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternating be used sequentially or as a mixture.
  • the allyl alcohol alkoxilates IV d) can be used alone or in mixtures for the preparation of the polymers used according to the invention.
  • Suitable monomers IV e) are C8-C30, preferably C8-C22-vinyl carboxylate. These include z. N-octylvinyl esters, 1, 1, 3,3-tetramethylbutylvinyl esters, ethylhexylvinyl esters, n-nonylvinyl esters, n-decylvinyl esters, n-undecylvinyl esters, tridecylvinyl esters, myristylvinyl esters, pentadecylvinyl esters, palmitylvinyl esters, heptadecylvinyl esters, octadecylvinyl esters, nonadecylvinyl esters, arrachinylvinyl esters, Behenyl vinyl ester, ligno-cetyl vinyl ester, cerotinyl vinyl ester, melissinyl vinyl
  • At least one compound h. May additionally be used to prepare the copolymer composition A) ), which is selected from urethane (meth) acrylates having alkylene oxide groups, esters of vinyl alcohol and allyl alcohol with C 1 -C 2 monocarboxylic acids, C 1 -C 7 -alkyl vinyl ethers, vinyl aromatics, vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, C 2 -C 8 monoolefins, non-aromatic hydrocarbons having at least two conjugated double bonds and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable urethane (meth) acrylates having alkylene oxide groups h) are described in DE 198 38 851 (component e2)), to which reference is made in its entirety.
  • Suitable additional monomers h) are also vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable additional monomers h) are also ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, butadiene, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride and mixtures thereof.
  • the abovementioned monomers h) can each be used individually or in the form of any desired mixtures.
  • component h) is used in an amount of from 0 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers used for the polymerization.
  • a suitable amount used for additional monomers h) is in a range of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the compounds used for the polymerization.
  • At least one compound h which is preferably selected from C 8 -C 22 -alkyl (meth) acrylates, C 8 -C 22 -alkyl vinyl ethers, C 8 -C 22 -alkyl-terminated polyether (meth) acrylates, with C22 alkyl-terminated allyl alcohol alkoxylates, C8-C22 carboxylic acid vinyl esters and mixtures thereof, and
  • the total amount of the monomers a) and b) is 78 to 99.4 wt .-% and the sum of monomers g) and h) is 0.5 to 20 wt .-%.
  • methacrylic acid preference is given to using methacrylic acid as component b).
  • a preferred ester of an ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid with a Ci-Cz-alkanol is methyl methacrylate.
  • a mixture of a Ci8-22-alkyl-polyethylene glycol methacrylate with methyl methacrylate is commercially available under the name Plex-6877-O.
  • a mixture of a Ci ⁇ -is-alkyl polyethylene glycol methacrylate with methacrylic acid is commercially available under the name Lutencryl AT 250.
  • acrylic acid a From 48 to 99.4% by weight of acrylic acid a), 0 to 40% by weight of at least one compound other than acrylic acid b) having a free-radically polymerizable ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated double bond and at least one anionogenic and / or anionic group per molecule,
  • e) 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of a) and e), of at least one compound e), which is preferably selected from esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with Cs-Cso-alkanols, and
  • the total amount of the monomers a) and b) is 88 to 99.4 wt .-%.
  • amide group-containing compound e preferably vinylpyrrolidone and / or vinylcaprolactam
  • the total amount of the monomers a) and b) is 65 to 99.8 wt .-%.
  • the total amount of the monomers a) and b) is 65 to 99.8 wt .-%.
  • the component H1) is preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.3 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monomers used for the polymerization.
  • the component H2) is preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.3 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monomers used for the polymerization.
  • Suitable nonionic emulsifiers as auxiliary H2 are preferably selected from alkoxylated primary Cs-Cso alcohols, esters of Cs-C50-carboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols and alkoxylates thereof, alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, amine oxides, fatty acid alkanolamides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides,
  • Alkoxylated primary alcohols suitable as H2) preferably have 10 to 22 C atoms, more preferably 12 to 20 C atoms. They are preferably from 1 to 50, more preferably 1 to 30, such as. B. 2 to 20 moles alkoxylated alkoxide per mole of alcohol.
  • alkoxylation for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1, 2-butylene oxide and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred is ethylene oxide (EO).
  • They are preferably alcohols having linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radicals, the latter also being able to have a plurality of nonadjacent double bonds.
  • Alcohols in which the alcohol radical is methyl-branched linearly or in the 2-position are preferred, or are mixtures of alcohols with linear and methyl-branched radicals, such as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
  • Particular preference is given to alkoxides, especially ethoxylates with alcohols of native origin, and oxo alcohol alkoxylates and guerbet alcohol alkoxylates.
  • alkoxylates of alcohols obtainable by reduction of natural fatty acids and alcohol mixtures having 8 to 30, preferably 10 to 22, carbon atoms, for example n-decanol, lauric alcohol, myristic alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearic alcohol, oleic alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, etc
  • the stated degrees of alkoxylation each represent statistical averages, which may be an integer or a fractional number for a particular product.
  • alkoxylated alcohols which have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow rank ethoxylates, NRE).
  • alkoxylated alcohols containing EO and PO groups together in the molecule can be used.
  • block copolymers with EO-PO block units or PO-EO block units, but also EO-PO-EO copolymers or PO-EO-PO copolymers.
  • H2 also mixed alkoxylated primary alcohols can be used in which EO and PO units are not distributed blockwise, but statistically distributed.
  • Such products are for. B. by simultaneous action of ethylene and propylene oxide on primary alcohols available.
  • Suitable as adjuvant H2) esters of Cs-Cso-carboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols len are preferably derived from linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated carboxylic acids having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular 10 to 18 C atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl radical, such as caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, nonadecanic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and mixtures thereof. Preference is given to lauric acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid.
  • Suitable polyhydric alcohols are preferably selected from straight-chain, branched or carbocyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds having at least 3 carbon atoms and at least 3 (esterifiable) hydroxyl groups. Unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds may have 1 or more, preferably 1, 2 or 3 CC double bonds. Mixtures of such polyols are also usable.
  • the polyol is in particular a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
  • Preferred examples of useful polyols are: glycerol, di-, tri- and polyglycerols, low molecular weight partially or completely hygroscopic drolized polyvinyl acetate, 1, 2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolmethane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol, pentaerythritol, ditrimethylolpropane, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, D-, L- and meso-erythritol , D and L arabitol, adonite, XyNt, sorbitol, mannitol, dulcitol, inositols, and mixtures thereof.
  • auxiliary H2 alkoxylates of esters of Cs-C50-carboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols.
  • the alkoxylation can be carried out with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide.
  • Preferred alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide.
  • Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants which can be used as adjuvant H2) are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, as described, for example, in Japanese Patent Application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably prepared according to the method described in International Patent Application WO-A-90/13533.
  • auxiliaries H2 are nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and also fatty acid alkanolamides.
  • the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
  • auxiliaries H2 are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (2),
  • R 17 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
  • [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
  • the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (3)
  • R 18 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
  • R 19 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or an arylene radical having 6 to 8 carbon atoms
  • R 20 is a linear, branched or is cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preference being given to C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals
  • [Z] 1 being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups is or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this radical.
  • [Z] 1 is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • a sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted, for example, according to WO-A-95/07331, by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.
  • Suitable nonionic emulsifiers as adjuvant H2 are special (HLB values and, if appropriate, brand name in brackets):
  • Sorbitan monooleate (4.3, Span 80), sorbitan monooleate (4.3, Arlacel 80),
  • Sorbitan monostearate (4.7, Span 60 or Arlacel 60), diethylene glycol monooleate (4.7, Atlas G-2139),
  • Polyoxyethylene sorbitol beeswax derivative (5.0, Atlas G-1702), diethylene glycol fatty acid ester (5.1, Emcol DP-50),
  • Diethylene glycol fatty acid ester (6.1, Emcol DL-50), Diethylene glycol monolaurate (6.5, glaurin),
  • Sorbitan monopalmitate (6.7, Span 40 or Arlacel 40)
  • Polyoxypropylene stearate (8.0, Atlas G-3608), sorbitan monolaurate (8.6, Span 20 or Arlacel 20),
  • Tetraethylene glycol monolaurate (9.4, Atlas G-2125), polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (9.5, Brij 30),
  • Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (10.0, Tween 81), and mixtures thereof.
  • auxilary H2 particularly suitable nonionic emulsifiers are the Dehymuls®
  • Dehymuls LE PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate
  • Dehymuls E mixture of higher molecular weight fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts and oil-binding additives, dicocoyl pentaerythrityl distearyl citrate and sorbitan sesquioleate and beeswax (cera alba) and aluminum stearate
  • PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate
  • Dehymuls E mixture of higher molecular weight fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts and oil-binding additives, dicocoyl pentaerythrityl distearyl citrate and sorbitan sesquioleate and beeswax (cera alba) and aluminum stearate
  • Dehymuls K (petrolatum and decyl oleate and dicocoyl pentaerythrityl distearyl citrate and sorbitan sesquioleate and microcrystalline wax (cera microcristallina) and mineral oil and beeswax (cera alba) and aluminum stearate),
  • Dehymuls PGPH polyglycerol-poly-12-hydroxystearic acid ester
  • Dehymuls SMS sorbitan monostearate
  • Dehymuls SSO sorbitan sesquioleate
  • Nonionic emulsifiers as adjuvant H2 are the Hypermer® grades from ICI. These include:
  • Hypermer LP6 polymeric fatty acid ester, molecular weight (MW) about 4300
  • Hypermer LP7 Hypermer B239 block copolymer of a polyhydroxy fatty acid and polyethylene oxide, MW about 3500
  • Hypermer B246 (block copolymer of a polyhydroxy fatty acid and polyethylene oxide, MW approx. 7500)
  • Hypermer B261 (block copolymer of a polyhydroxy fatty acid and polyethylene oxide, MW approx. 9600)
  • Hypermer E-464 (copolymer with a long hydrophobic alkylene chain and various anionic / nonionic hydrophiles, MW ca. 2300) Hypermer I L2296
  • Hypermer A-109 (block copolymer of a fatty acid or long-chain alkylene and EO),
  • Hypermer A-409 (block copolymer of a fatty acid or long-chain alkylene and EO),
  • Water-insoluble natural waxes which are particularly suitable as adjuvant H2 are beeswax, berry wax, rice germ oil wax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, sugarcane wax, ouricury wax, montan wax, jojoba wax, shea butter, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax ), Raffia fat, ceresin and ozokerite (earthwax).
  • the component H2) particularly preferably comprises a beeswax or consists of a beeswax.
  • Beeswax is a mixture of about 70-75% by weight of various esters of C26-C32 alcohols, mainly of palmitic, hydroxypalmitic, ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxy-palmitic and cerotic acids, about 14% free wax acid, ca. 12% hydrocarbons, approx. 1% fatty acid esters as well as free wax alcohols with max. 1%.
  • Suitable bee waxes are commercially available. These include z. For example, the following are available from Kahl GmbH & Co. KG, D-22946 Trittau:
  • At least one further auxiliary substance H3) which is selected from nonionic emulsifiers having an HLB value in the range from greater than 10 to 16, is additionally used to prepare the copolymer composition A).
  • the HLB value of Component H3) is preferably in a range of 12 to 14.
  • the adjuvant H3) is preferably water-soluble.
  • the component H3) if present, is preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.3 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monomers used for the polymerization , Preferably, the amount of the sum of the components H1) and H2) is greater than or equal to the amount H3).
  • Suitable nonionic emulsifiers as auxiliary H3) are preferably selected from alkoxylated primary Cs-Cso alcohols,
  • Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides mixtures of the aforementioned emulsifiers, with the proviso that they have an HLB value in the range of greater than 10 to 16.
  • Suitable nonionic emulsifiers as adjuvant H3 are special (HLB values and, if appropriate, brand name in brackets): Polyoxyethylene esters of mixed fatty and resin acids (10.2, Atlas G-1218),
  • Polyoxyethylene monostearate (11.1, Myrj 45), polyoxyethylene monooleate (11, 4; Atlas G-2141),
  • Polyoxyethylene monolaurate (12.8, Atlas G-2127
  • polyoxyethylene alkylphenol (12.8, Igepal CA-630)
  • Cio-guerbet alcohol alkoxylate (7 EO) 13; Lutensol® XL 70
  • Cio-Guerbet alcohol ethoxylate (7 EO) 13; Lutensol XP 70), polyoxyethylene monolaurate (13.1, S-307),
  • Polyoxyethylene vegetable oil (13.3; Emulphor EL-719), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (13.3, Tween 21),
  • Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (14.9, Tween 60), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (15, Tween 80),
  • component H3 comprises at least one poly (oxyethylene) sorbitan monolaurate, e.g. B. a poly (oxyethylene) sorbitan monolaurate with 20 ethylene oxide units, which is commercially available under the trade name Tween ⁇ 20.
  • the preparation of the copolymer composition A) takes place by the method of precipitation polymerization.
  • solvents are used in which the starting materials for the polymerization soluble and the resulting polymer are insoluble.
  • an anhydrous aprotic solvent or solvent mixture Preference is given to using an anhydrous aprotic solvent or solvent mixture.
  • Suitable solvents are, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, benzene; aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as n-alkanes or cyclohexane; Esters of acetic acid such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate; Ether such.
  • diethyl ether dipropyl ether, di-butyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; Ketones such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, and mixtures of these solvents.
  • the polymerization preferably takes place in a mixture of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate.
  • the ratio of cyclohexane to ethyl acetate is preferably in a range of 60:40 to 30:70.
  • the precipitation polymerization is usually conducted at temperatures of 20 to 150 0 C, preferably 40 to 120 0 C, in particular from 60 bisi OO 0 C.
  • the precipitation polymerization is usually carried out at pressures of 1 to 15 bar, in particular 1 to 6 bar. If the polymerization is not carried out under elevated pressure, the solvent or solvent mixture determined by the corresponding boiling temperatures, the maximum reaction temperature.
  • the monomers can be polymerized by means of free-radical initiators.
  • the peroxo and / or azo compounds customary for this purpose can be used, for example alkali metal or ammonium peroxydisulfates, diacetyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl perbenzoate, tert.
  • initiator mixtures or redox initiator systems such as. As ascorbic acid / iron (II) sulfate / sodium peroxodisulfate, tert-butyl hydroperoxide / sodium disulfite, tert-butyl hydroperoxide / sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate,
  • At least two free-radical initiators are used to prepare the copolymers according to the invention, which allow substantially independent initiation in at least two phases.
  • copolymers can be achieved with particularly low residual monomer contents.
  • At least two initiators are preferred for the copolymerization then used whose Zerfallstempera- temperatures by at least 10 0 C are different from each other.
  • the decomposition temperature is defined as the temperature at which 50% of the molecules decompose into free radicals within 2.5 hours.
  • the copolymerization in this procedure is preferably carried out until completion of the precipitation of the copolymer at a temperature greater than or equal to the lower decomposition temperature and less of the higher decomposition temperature, and after the precipitation further reaction takes place at a temperature greater than or equal to the higher decomposition temperature.
  • the process according to the invention preferably comprises a first polymerization phase at a first polymerization temperature and a second polymerization phase at a second polymerization temperature above the first polymerization temperature, wherein at least two initiators are used for the polymerization whose half-lives at the first polymerization temperature differ so that at least one of these initiators during the first polymerization phase decomposes into free radicals and at least one of these initiators substantially does not decompose into free radicals during the first polymerization phase and decomposes into free radicals during the second polymerization phase.
  • the second polymerization phase essentially begins after precipitation of the copolymer.
  • the copolymer is preferably at least 80 wt .-%, preferably at least 90 wt .-%, in particular at least 95 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the copolymer, in precipitated form is present.
  • the half-life of an initiator can be determined by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, such as. In the publication "Initiators for high polymers", Akzo Nobel, No. 10737.
  • the half-life of the first polymerization initiator at the first polymerization temperature and the second polymerization initiator at the second polymerization temperature is within a range from about 1 minute to 3 hours, more preferably 5 minutes to 2.5 hours. If desired, shorter half-lives z. From 1 second to 1 minute or longer half lives than 3 hours, as long as it is ensured that the initiator (s) decomposing at the higher temperature decomposes into free radicals substantially during the second polymerization stage.
  • the initiator system used preferably contains at least two initiators whose decomposition temperatures differ from each other by at least 15 ° C.
  • the decomposing at the lower temperature initiator preferably has a decomposition temperature of 50 to 100 0 C.
  • the decomposing at the higher temperature initiator preferably has a decomposition temperature of 80 to 150 0 C.
  • the precipitation polymerization can be carried out at solids contents of up to about 25%. A range of 15 to 22% is preferred.
  • the adjuvants H1), H2) and optionally H3) can be dispensed with the use of further protective colloids in the rule.
  • a protective colloid different from H1), H2) and H3) can additionally be used in the process according to the invention. Suitable are the known protective colloid polymers which dissolve well in the solvents used and do not react with the monomers. Suitable polymers are, for. B.
  • the amount of protective colloid polymer used is usually 0.05 to
  • the polymerization can be carried out by heating a portion of the solvent which provides auxiliaries H1) and H2) and, if appropriate, protective colloid polymer, and heating the polymerization by addition of initiator, monomer (s) and crosslinker (in each case possibly dissolved in the same Solvent or solvent mixture).
  • the crosslinker c) partially or completely submit. It is also possible to introduce some of the monomers and the initiator (eg up to 50%, preferably up to 35%). The original can then be heated to polymerization temperature and, after the reaction has started, the remainder of the mixture to be polymerized added after the polymerization has progressed.
  • the auxiliaries H1) and / or H2) are preferably initially charged at least in part before the beginning of the polymerization. Particular preference is given to initially introducing H1) and H2) before the beginning of the polymerization.
  • the addition is preferably carried out after at least 90% of the monomers have reacted.
  • the precipitated polymer is then isolated from the reaction mixture, for which any general method for isolating the polymers in conventional precipitation polymerization can be used. Such methods are filtration, centrifugation, evaporation of the solvent or combinations of these methods.
  • the copolymer composition may be subjected to purification if desired. This serves z. B. for the separation of unpolymerized components and / or at least a portion of the excipients.
  • the copolymer composition A) is isolated after the precipitation polymerization and subjected to washing with a liquid washing medium. Suitable washing media are in principle the same solvents as are suitable for the polymerization. For easier drying of the polymers, it is recommended, however, low-boiling solvents such. As acetone to use.
  • the copolymer composition A) can be subjected to a treatment with a washing medium once or several times in succession.
  • the copolymer composition is brought into intimate contact with the washing medium in a suitable device and the washing medium is subsequently separated from the copolymer composition.
  • Suitable devices are for. B. stirred tank.
  • the treatment with the washing medium can be carried out in the container used for the polymerization.
  • the separation of copolymer and washing medium takes place z. B. by filtration or centrifugation.
  • the filtration can be carried out under pressure increased on the polymer side or reduced on the outlet side.
  • a further subject of the invention is the copolymer composition A) obtainable by the process described above.
  • the copolymer composition A) according to the invention may contain at least one further component in addition to the polymer particles obtained in the precipitation polymerization. This includes at least one of the adjuvants H1) and / or H2). If desired, the adjuvants H1) and / or H2) can be partially or completely remove from the copolymer composition A), z. By at least one washing step, as previously described.
  • A) may contain the adjuvant (s) H3) as further component.
  • a specific embodiment is therefore a copolymer composition A) which contains at least one component H3).
  • A) then preferably contains at least one component H3) in an amount of 0.01 to 15 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the copolymerization A).
  • the adjuvant H3) may have an advantageous effect on the performance properties of the copolymer composition A), z. Example by increasing the dissolution rate or reduced dust formation.
  • the adjuvants H1), H2) and / or H3) may also have an advantageous effect on one or more other performance properties of the copolymer composition A), for. By promoting low-crystallinity products or control of particle size, molecular weight, morphology, etc.
  • the adjuvants H1), H2) and / or H3) may also have an advantageous effect on one or more other performance properties of formulations of the copolymer composition A). So z. B. the presence of at least one of these adjuvants advantageously affect the clarity of formulated with A) gels.
  • copolymer compositions A) according to the invention and the copolymers contained therein are distinguished by their pH-dependent solubility.
  • the anionogenic groups (acid groups) of the copolymers contained in the copolymer compositions A) can be partially or completely neutralized with a base.
  • a base for the neutralization of the polymers alkali metal bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate and alkaline earth metal bases such as calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate and amines can be used. Suitable amines are, for. B.
  • Ci-C ⁇ -alkylamines preferably n-propylamine and n-butylamine, dialkylamines, preferably diethylpropylamine and dipropylmethylamine, trialkylamines, preferably triethylamine and triisopropylamine.
  • amino alcohols for.
  • the neutralization of the acid groups can also be carried out with the aid of mixtures of several bases. Neutralization can be partial or complete depending on the application. If the copolymers contained in the copolymer composition A) are both quaternized and neutralized, the quaternization and then the neutralization are preferably carried out first.
  • copolymers contained in the copolymer composition A) are advantageously suitable for modifying the rheological properties of aqueous compositions. It may be z. B. be an aqueous active or allegedlystoffzusammen arrangement. In general, they may be, for example, cosmetic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, hygiene products, paints, compositions for the paper industry and the textile industry.
  • the compositions contain at least one water-soluble or at least water-dispersible active or effect substance.
  • the copolymers contained in the copolymer composition A) are also suitable for modifying the rheological properties of compositions containing at least one water-insoluble (hydrophobic) active or effect substance.
  • Modification of theological properties is widely understood in the context of the present invention.
  • the copolymers contained in the copolymer composition A) are generally suitable for thickening the consistency of aqueous compositions in a wide range.
  • flow properties can be achieved from low viscosity to solid (in the sense of "no longer flowing”).
  • modify rheological properties is therefore u. a.
  • the compositions according to the invention are preferably suitable for the formulation of aqueous cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
  • the compositions of the copolymers A) are generally clear.
  • the compositions can be formulated in the form of clear gels.
  • the copolymer compositions A) prepared in the presence of the adjuvant system according to the invention are distinguished by advantageous rheological properties. Further control of the rheology-modifying properties can take place via the type and amount of the monomers used to prepare the copolymer compositions A). This applies especially to the type and amount of crosslinker used c). This also applies especially to the use of surface Chen active monomers in the preparation of A), such as. B. the polyether acrylates IV c) or Allylalkoholalkoxilate IV d).
  • a 0.2% strength by weight aqueous solution of a copolymer composition A) generally has a viscosity in the range from 7000 to 20 000 mPas (values determined by means of Brookfield viscometer at 23 ° C. and 100 S -1 ).
  • a 0.5% strength by weight aqueous solution of a copolymer composition A) generally has a viscosity in the range from 28,000 to 60,000 mPas (values determined by means of Brookfield viscometer at 23 ° C. and 100 S -1 ).
  • the copolymer compositions A) are suitable both for the preparation of homophase-type aqueous compositions and for the formulation of heterogeneous phase compositions which additionally comprise at least one water-insoluble (hydrophobic) liquid or solid compound.
  • "Homogeneous phase compositions” have only a single phase regardless of the number of their constituents.
  • "Heterogeneous phase compositions” are disperse systems of two or more immiscible components. These include solid / liquid, liquid / liquid and solid / liquid / liquid compositions, such as dispersions and emulsions, eg. As O / W and W / O formulations containing at least one of the oil or fat components described in more detail below and water as immiscible phases.
  • the copolymers A) can be used both in the water phase and in the oil phase.
  • heterogeneous liquid / liquid compositions contain the copolymers A) substantially in the water phase.
  • copolymer compositions A) according to the invention are generally suitable for the preparation of active or effect compositions containing
  • C) optionally at least one further excipient other than A) and B).
  • Active ingredients for cosmetics eg hair or skin cosmetics
  • pharmaceuticals eg hair or skin cosmetics
  • hygiene products e.g., a pharmacological action in an organism, a cleaning and / or disinfecting effect, a modification of a textile material, for.
  • a specific property such as color pigments for Make-up or emulsion paints are often formulated and used in the form of aqueous active or effect compositions.
  • the active and effect compositions according to the invention contain the polymer component A), preferably in an amount of from 0.01 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 30% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 20% by weight. , based on the total weight of the agent.
  • the copolymer compositions according to the invention exhibit good performance properties even in small quantities, eg. B. a good thickening effect.
  • the active and effect compositions according to the invention contain polymer component A) in an amount of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • Components B) and C) are selected according to the desired area of use of the composition.
  • typical use components eg certain pharmaceutical agents
  • they are z.
  • compositions comprise a carrier component C) selected from water, hydrophilic carriers other than water, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable hydrophilic carrier C) are z.
  • compositions of the invention may be used as active ingredient, for. B. as a cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical active ingredient B) (as well as optionally as excipient C)) contain at least one polymer which differs from the inventive copolymer compositions A). These include, in general, anionic, cationic, amphoteric and neutral polymers.
  • anionic polymers are copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide and their salts; Sodium salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, water-soluble or water-dispersible polyesters, polyurethanes, eg. B. Luviset PUR® Fa. BASF, and polyureas.
  • Particularly suitable polymers are copolymers of t-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid (for example Luvimer® 100P), copolymers of ethyl acrylate and methacrylic acid (for example Luvimer® MAE), copolymers of N-tert-butylacrylamide, ethyl - acrylate, acrylic acid (Ultrahold® 8, strictly), copolymers of vinyl acetate, crotonic acid and optionally further vinyl esters (eg Luviset® brands), maleic anhydride copolymers, if appropriate reacted with alcohol, anionic polysiloxanes, eg. Carboxy-functional, t-butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid (eg Luviskol® VBM), copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with hydrophobic monomers, such as e.g. B.
  • An example of an anionic polymer is furthermore the methyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid / acrylic acid / urethane acrylate copolymer available under the name Luviset® Shape (INCI name: Polyacrylate-22).
  • anionic polymers are furthermore vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, for example those sold under the names Resyn® (National Starch) and Gafset® (GAF), and vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers, available, for example, under the trademark Luviflex® (BASF)
  • Further suitable polymers are the vinylpyrrolidone / acrylate terpolymer available under the name Luviflex® VBM-35 (BASF) and sodium sulfonate-containing polyamides or sodium sulfonate-containing polyesters.
  • vinylpyrrolidone / ethyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid copolymers such as those sold by Stepan under the names Stepanhold-Extra and -R1 and the Carboset® grades from BF Goodrich.
  • Suitable cationic polymers are, for. As cationic polymers called Polyquaternium INCI, z. B. Copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone / N-vinylimidazolium salts (Luviquat® FC, Luviquat® HM, Luviquat® MS, Luviset Clear®, Luviquat Suppreme®, Luviquat® Care), copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, quaternized with diethyl sulfate (Luviquat® PQ 11), copolymers of N-vinylcaprolactam / N-vinylpyrrolidone / N-vinylimidazolium salts (Luviquat® Hold); cationic cellulose derivatives (polyquaternium-4 and -10), acrylamidocopolymers (polyquaternium-7) and chitosan.
  • Suitable cationic (quaternized) polymers are also Merquat® (polymer based on dimethyldiallylammonium chloride), Gafquat® (quaternary polymers which are formed by reaction of polyvinylpyrrolidone with quaternary ammonium compounds), polymer JR (hydroxyethylcellulose with cationic
  • cationic polymers based on plants e.g. As guar polymers, such as the Jaguar® brands of Fa. Rhodia.
  • Very particularly suitable polymers are neutral polymers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidones, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate and / or vinyl propionate, polysiloxanes, polyvinylcaprolactam and other copolymers with N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyethylenimines and their salts, polyvinylamines and their salts, cellulose derivatives, polyaspartic acid salts and derivatives.
  • neutral polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidones, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate and / or vinyl propionate, polysiloxanes, polyvinylcaprolactam and other copolymers with N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyethylenimines and their salts, polyvinylamines and their salts, cellulose derivatives, polyaspartic acid salts and derivatives.
  • Luviflex® Swing partially
  • Suitable polymers are also nonionic, water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers or oligomers, such as polyvinyl caprolactam, z. B. Luviskol® Plus (BASF SE), or polyvinylpyrrolidone and their copolymers, in particular with vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate, for. Luviskol® VA 37, VA 55, VA 64, VA 73 (BASF SE); Polyamides, z. B. based on itaconic acid and aliphatic diamines, as z. B. in DE-A-43 33 238 are described.
  • Suitable polymers are also amphoteric or zwitterionic polymers, such as those available under the names Amphomer® (National Starch) octylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate / tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate / 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers and zwitterionic polymers, as fertilize, for example, in the German patent DE 39 29 973, DE 21 50 557, DE 28 17 369 and DE 37 08 451 are disclosed.
  • Acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / acrylic acid or methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts are preferred zwitterionic polymers.
  • zwitterionic polymers are methacroylethylbetaine / methacrylate copolymers, which are commercially available under the name Amersette® (AMERCHOL), and copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid (Jordapon®).
  • Suitable polymers are also nonionic, siloxane-containing, water-soluble or -dispersible polymers, for.
  • polyether siloxanes such as Tegopren® (Goldschmidt) or Belsil® (Wacker).
  • compositions according to the invention comprise at least one polymer which differs from the polymers contained in the copolymer compositions A) and which acts as thickener.
  • suitable polymeric thickeners are optionally modified polymeric natural substances (carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose ethers, hydroxyethyl and propylcellulose and the like) and also synthetic polymeric thickeners (polyacrylic and polymethacrylic compounds, vinyl polymers, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides). These include the polyacrylic and polymethacrylic compounds, some of which have already been mentioned above, for example the high molecular weight homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with a polyalkylene polyether, in particular an allyl ether of sucrose, pentaerythritol or propylene (INCI name: carbomer).
  • Such polyacrylic acids are obtainable, inter alia, from BF Goodrich under the trade name Carbopol ®, for example.
  • Carbopol 940 molecular weight about 4,000,000
  • Carbopol 941 molecular weight about 125,000
  • Carbopol 934 molecular weight about 3,000,000
  • acrylic acid copolymers which are obtainable, for example, from Rohm & Haas under the trade names Aculyn® and Acusol®, eg. The anionic non-associative polymers Aculyn 22, Aculyne 28, Aculyn 33 (crosslinked), Acusol 810, Acusol 823 and Acusol 830 (CAS 25852-37-3).
  • associative thickeners for example based on modified polyurethanes (HEUR) or hydrophobically modified acrylic or methacrylic acid copolymers (HASE thickener, High Alkali Swellable Emulsion).
  • the amount of additional thickener used is preferably in a range of 0.001 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5%, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • effect substances which can be formulated as aqueous active substance composition according to the invention are dyes: z.
  • a compilation of suitable disperse dyes can be found, for example, in Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der ischen Chemie, 4th Edition, Vol. 10, pp. 155-165 (see also Vol. 7, pp. 585ff - anthraquinone dyes; Vol. 8, pp. 244ff - azo dyes; Vol. 9, p. 313ff - quinophthalone dyes).
  • Disperse dyes and solvent dyes which are suitable according to the invention comprise a wide variety of dye classes with different chromophores, for example anthraquinone dyes, monoazo and disazo dyes, quinophthalones, methine and azamethine dyes, naphthalimide dyes, naphthoquinone dyes and nitro dyes.
  • disperse dyes which are suitable according to the invention are the disperse dyes of the following Color Index list: CI Disperse Yellow 1 - 228, CI Disperse Orange 1 - 148, CI Disperse Red 1 - 349, CI Disperse Violet 1 - 97, CI Disperse Blue 1 - 349, CI Disperse Green 1 - 9, CI Disperse Brown 1 - 21, CI Disperse Black 1 - 36.
  • solvent dyes suitable according to the invention are the compounds of the following Color Index list: CI Solvent Yellow 2 - 191, CI Solvent Orange 1 - 113, CI Solvent Red 1 - 248, CI Solvent Violet 2 - 61, CI Solvent Blue 2 - 143, CI Solvent Green 1 - 35, CI Solvent Brown 1 - 63, CI Solvent Black 3 - 50.
  • Dyes which are suitable according to the invention are also derivatives of naphthalene, anthracene, perylene, terylene, quarterylene, and diketopyrrolopyrrole dyes, perinone dyes, coumarin dyes, isoindoline and isoindolinone dyes, porphyrin dyes, phthalocene yanine and naphthalocyanine dyes.
  • the active ingredient and effect compositions according to the invention may also contain conventional surface-active substances and other additives.
  • Surfactants include surfactants, dispersing aids and wetting agents.
  • the other additives include, in particular, thickeners, defoamers, preservatives, antifreeze agents, stabilizers, etc.
  • anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants are useful, with polymer surfactants and surfactants with heteroatoms being included in the hydrophobic group.
  • the anionic surfactants include, for example, carboxylates, especially alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium salts of fatty acids, eg. B. potassium stearate, which are commonly referred to as soaps; glutamates; Sarcosinates, e.g.
  • the cationic surfactants include, for example, quaternized ammonium compounds, in particular alkyltrimethylammonium and dialkyldimethylammonium halides and alkylsulfates, and also pyridine and imidazoline derivatives, in particular alkylpyridinium halides.
  • Nonionic surfactants include, for example:
  • Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene esters for example, lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether acetate, alkyl polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene ethers, e.g. From iso-tridecyl alcohol and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether,
  • Alkylaryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers e.g. Octylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, alkoxylated animal and / or vegetable fats and / or oils, for example corn oil ethoxylates, castor oil ethoxylates, tallow fatty ethoxylates, glycerol esters, such as, for example, glycerol monostearate,
  • Alkylphenol alkoxylates such as, for example, ethoxylated isooctyl, octyl or nonylphenol, tributylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, Fatty amine alkoxylates, fatty acid amide and fatty acid diethanolamide alkoxylates, in particular their ethoxylates,
  • sorbitol esters such as, for example, sorbitan fatty acid esters (sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan tristearate), polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, alkyl polyglycosides, N-alkylgluconamides,
  • Alkylmethylsulfoxide alkyldimethylphosphine oxides, such as, for example, tetradecyldimethylphosphine oxide.
  • amphoteric surfactants include, for example, sulfobetaines, carboxybetaines and alkyldimethylamine oxides, e.g. B. tetradecyldimethylamine oxide.
  • surfactants which are to be mentioned as examples here are perfluorosurfactants, silicone surfactants, phospholipids, such as lecithin or chemically modified lecithins, amino acid surfactants, eg. B. N-lauroylglutamate.
  • alkyl chains of the surfactants listed above are linear or branched radicals of usually 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • compositions of the invention may contain water-soluble salts as component B) and / or C), for. B. NaCl.
  • the active or effect compositions according to the invention may contain organic solvents, oils and / or fats for some applications. Preferred are such solvents, oils and / or fats that are environmentally friendly or biocompatible. These include z. B .:
  • Paraffin oils aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures, e.g. Xylene, Solvesso 100, 150 or 200, and the like, phenols and alkylphenols, e.g. Phenol, hydroquinone, nonylphenol, etc.
  • Ketones with more than 4 carbon atoms such as cyclohexanone, isophorone, isopherone, acetophenone, acetonaphthone,
  • Alcohols with more than 4 carbon atoms such as acetylated lanolin alcohol, cetyl alcohol, 1-decanol, 1-heptanol, 1-hexanol, isooctadecanol, isopropyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol,
  • Carboxylic acid esters eg. Example, adipic acid such as adipic acid (2-ethylhexyl) esters, dialkyl phthalates such as phthalic acid bis (2-ethylhexyl) esters, alkyl acetates (also branched alkyl groups) such as ethyl acetate and Acetoessigklathylester, stearates such as butyl stearate, glycerol monostearate, citrates such as acetyltributyl citrate, further cetyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, methyl tetradecanoate, propyl-p- hydroxybenzoate, methyl benzoate, lactic acid esters such as isopropyl lactate, butyl lactate and 2-ethylhexyl lactate,
  • Vegetable oils such as palm oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil and derivatives thereof such.
  • Ginger oil geranium oil, orange oil, rosemary oil, macadamia oil, onion oil, mandarin oil, pine oil, sunflower oil, hydrogenated vegetable oils such as hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, - animal oils such as lard oil, fish oils,
  • Dialkylamides medium to long chain fatty acids eg. B. Hallcomide, and vegetable oil esters such as rapeseed oil methyl ester.
  • copolymer compositions A) can be used together with conventional compressors. These include the aforementioned polymers acting as thickeners. These also include polysaccharides and organic layer minerals such as Xanthan Gum ® (Kelzan ® from. Kelco), Rhodopol ® 23 (Rhone Poulenc) or VEE gum ® (from RT Vanderbilt) or Attaclay ® (Engelhardt).
  • Xanthan Gum ® Kelzan ® from. Kelco
  • Rhodopol ® 23 Rhone Poulenc
  • VEE gum ® from RT Vanderbilt
  • Attaclay ® Engelhardt
  • Suitable thickening agents are also organic natural thickeners (agar-agar, carrageenan, tragacanth, gum arabic, alginates, pectins, polyoses, guar flour, locust bean gum, starch, dextrins, gelatin, casein) and inorganic thickeners (polysilicic acids, clay minerals such as montmorillonites , Zeolites, silicas).
  • organic natural thickeners agar-agar, carrageenan, tragacanth, gum arabic, alginates, pectins, polyoses, guar flour, locust bean gum, starch, dextrins, gelatin, casein
  • inorganic thickeners polysilicic acids, clay minerals such as montmorillonites , Zeolites, silicas.
  • Further thickeners are the polysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides, in particular the polysaccharide gums, for example gum arabic, agar, alginates, carrageenes and their salts, guar, guar gum, tragacanth, gellan, Ramzan, dextran or xanthan and their derivatives, eg. B. propoxylated guar, and their mixtures.
  • Other polysaccharide thickeners are, for example, starches of various origins and starch derivatives, eg.
  • hydroxyethyl starch starch phosphate esters or starch acetates, or carboxymethyl cellulose or its sodium salt, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxypropyl methyl or hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose or cellulose acetate.
  • thickeners it is also possible to use phyllosilicates. These include, for example, the magnesium or sodium magnesium phyllosilicates from Solvay Alkali, available under the trade name Laponite®, and the magnesium silicates from Süd-Chemie.
  • the amount of additional thickener used is preferably in a range of 0.001 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5%, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • suitable antifoam agents are, for example, silicone emulsions (such as, for example, silicone ® SRE, from Wacker, or Rhodorsil ® the company Rhodia), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, fluoroorganic compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • Bactericides may be added to stabilize the compositions of the invention against attack by microorganisms.
  • Suitable bactericides are, for example Proxel ® from. ICI or Acetide ® RS from. Thor Chemie and Kathon ® MK from Rohm & Haas.
  • Suitable antifreeze are organic polyols, eg. As ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or glycerol. These are usually given in quantities of not more than
  • the proportion thereof of various volatile organic compounds is preferably not more than 1 wt .-%, in particular not more than 1000 ppm.
  • the active compound compositions of the invention may contain 1 to 5 wt .-% buffer, based on the total amount of the formulation prepared, for pH regulation, wherein the amount and type of buffer used depends on the chemical properties of the active ingredient or the active ingredients.
  • buffers are alkali salts of weak inorganic or organic acids such. For example, phosphoric acid, boric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid and succinic acid.
  • the copolymers according to the invention are used as component in a cosmetic agent. As described above, they can serve to modify the rheological properties of a cosmetic agent based on an aqueous medium.
  • Another object of the invention is a cosmetic agent containing
  • C) optionally at least one further cosmetically acceptable excipient other than A) and B).
  • Component C) preferably comprises at least one cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the carrier component C) is selected under
  • Suitable hydrophilic components C) are the aforementioned organic solvents, oils and fats.
  • the cosmetic agents according to the invention may be skin-cosmetic, hair-cosmetic, dermatological, hygienic or pharmaceutical agents. Because of their thickening properties, the above-described copolymer compositions A) are particularly suitable as additives for hair and skin cosmetics. They are especially suitable for the formulation of gels.
  • the agents according to the invention are preferably in the form of a gel, foam, spray, ointment, cream, emulsion, suspension, lotion, milk or paste. If desired, liposomes or microspheres can also be used.
  • the cosmetically active agents according to the invention may additionally contain cosmetically and / or dermatologically active active substances and effect substances as well as auxiliaries.
  • the previously mentioned active ingredients B) and auxiliaries C) are suitable.
  • the cosmetic compositions according to the invention preferably comprise at least one copolymer composition A) as defined above, at least one carrier C as defined above and at least one different constituent, which is preferably selected from cosmetically active ingredients, emulsifiers, surfactants, preservatives, perfume oils, additional Thickening, hair polymer ren, hair and skin conditioners, graft polymers, water-soluble or dispersible silicone-containing polymers, light stabilizers, bleaching agents, gelling agents, care agents, tinting agents, tanning agents, dyes, pigments, bodying agents, moisturizers, restives, collagen, protein hydrolysates, lipids, antioxidants, defoamers, antistatic agents , Emollients and plasticisers.
  • cosmetically active ingredients emulsifiers, surfactants, preservatives, perfume oils, additional Thickening, hair polymer ren, hair and skin conditioners, graft polymers, water-soluble or dispersible silicone-containing polymers, light stabilizers, bleaching agents, gelling
  • Suitable cosmetically and / or dermatologically active agents are, for.
  • Artificial skin tanning agents that are suitable for tanning the skin without natural or artificial irradiation with UV rays, z.
  • Suitable keratin-hardening substances are generally active ingredients, as used in antiperspirants, such as.
  • antiperspirants such as.
  • Antimicrobial agents are used to destroy or inhibit their growth microorganisms and thus serve both as a preservative and as a deodorizing substance, which reduces the formation or intensity of body odor. These include z.
  • Such deodorizing substances are, for. Zinc ricinoleate, triclosan, undecylenic acid alkylolamides, triethyl citric acid,
  • Suitable light filtering agents are substances that absorb UV rays in the UV-B and / or UV-A range. Suitable UV filters are those mentioned above. Also suitable are p-aminobenzoic acid esters, cinnamic acid esters, benzophenones, camphor derivatives and UV-radiation-stopping pigments, such as titanium dioxide, talc and zinc oxide.
  • Suitable repellent agents are compounds capable of preventing or repelling certain animals, particularly insects, from humans. This includes z. B. 2-ethyl-1, 3-hexanediol, N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide, etc. Suitable hyperemic substances which stimulate the circulation of the skin are, for.
  • essential oils such as mountain pine, lavender, rosemary, juniper berry, horse chestnut extract, birch leaf extract, hay flower extract, ethyl acetate, camphor, menthol, peppermint oil, rosemary extract, eucalyptus oil, etc.
  • Suitable keratolytic and keratoplastic substances such. Salicylic acid, calcium thioglycolate, thioglycol acid and its salts, sulfur, etc.
  • Suitable anti-dandruff agents are, for.
  • sulfur Schwefelpolyethylenglykolsorbitanmonooleat, Schwefelricinolpolyethoxylat, Zinkpyrithion, Aluminiumpyrithion, etc.
  • Suitable antiphlogistics which counteract skin irritation, z. Allantoin, bisabolol, dragosantol, chamomile extract, panthenol, etc.
  • the cosmetic agents according to the invention may contain as cosmetic active ingredient (as well as optionally as adjuvant) at least one cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable polymer which differs from the copolymers A) according to the invention.
  • cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable polymer which differs from the copolymers A) according to the invention.
  • These include, in general, anionic, cationic, amphoteric and neutral polymers.
  • anionic, cationic, amphoteric and neutral polymers are fully incorporated herein by reference.
  • the agents according to the invention are a skin cleanser.
  • Preferred skin cleansing agents are soaps of liquid to gelatinous consistency, such as transparent soaps, luxury soaps, de-soaps, cream soaps, baby soaps, skin soaps, abrasive soaps and syndets, pasty soaps, greases and washing pastes, liquid detergents, shower and bath preparations such as washing lotions, shower baths and gels , Bubble baths, oil baths and scrub preparations, shaving foams, lotions and creams.
  • the agents according to the invention are cosmetic agents for the care and protection of the skin, nail care products or preparations for decorative cosmetics.
  • Suitable skin cosmetic agents are, for.
  • Means for use in decorative cosmetics include, for example, masking pens, theatrical paints, mascara and eyeshades, lipsticks, kohl pencils, eyeliner, rouges, powders and eyebrow pencils.
  • copolymer compositions A) can be used in nasal strips for pore cleansing, in anti-acne agents, repellents, shaving agents, depilatories, personal care products, foot care products and in baby care.
  • the skin care compositions according to the invention are in particular W / O or O / W skin creams, day and night creams, eye creams, face creams, anti-wrinkle creams, moisturizing creams, bleaching creams, vitamin creams, skin lotions, skin lotions and moisturizing lotions.
  • Skin cosmetic and dermatological compositions based on the previously described copolymers A) show advantageous effects.
  • the polymers may be used inter alia Moisturizing and conditioning of the skin and improve the skin feel contribute.
  • By adding the polymers of the invention can be achieved in certain formulations, a significant improvement in skin compatibility.
  • Skin cosmetic and dermatological agents preferably comprise at least one copolymer composition A) in a proportion of about 0.001 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.1 to 12% by weight, based on the total weight of the agent.
  • compositions of the invention in a form suitable for skin care such. B. as cream, foam, gel, pen, mousse, milk, spray (pump spray or propellant spray) or lotion can be applied.
  • the skin cosmetic preparations may contain other active ingredients and adjuvants customary in skin cosmetics, as described above. These preferably include emulsifiers, preservatives, perfume oils, cosmetic active ingredients such as phytantriol, vitamins A, E and C, retinol, bisabolol, panthenol, light stabilizers, bleaching agents, tanning agents, collagen, protein hydrolysates, stabilizers, pH regulators, dyes , Salts, thickeners, gelling agents, bodying agents, silicones, humectants, moisturizers and other common additives.
  • active ingredients and adjuvants customary in skin cosmetics, as described above. These preferably include emulsifiers, preservatives, perfume oils, cosmetic active ingredients such as phytantriol, vitamins A, E and C, retinol, bisabolol, panthenol, light stabilizers, bleaching agents, tanning agents, collagen, protein hydrolysates, stabilizers, pH regulators, dyes ,
  • Preferred oil and fat components of the skin cosmetic and dermatological agents are the aforementioned mineral and synthetic oils, such as.
  • paraffins, silicone oils and aliphatic hydrocarbons having more than 8 carbon atoms, animal and vegetable oils such.
  • sunflower oil coconut oil, avocado oil, olive oil, lanolin, or waxes, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, such as.
  • the polymers according to the invention can also be mixed with conventional polymers as described above if special properties are to be set.
  • the skin cosmetic and dermatological preparations may additionally contain conditioning substances based on silicone compounds.
  • Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, polyalkylsiloxanes, polyarylsiloxanes, polyarylalkylsiloxanes, polyethersiloxanes or silicone resins.
  • the preparation of the cosmetic or dermatological preparations is carried out by customary methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the cosmetic and dermatological agents are preferably in the form of emulsions, in particular as water-in-oil (W / O) or oil-in-water (O / W) emulsions.
  • W / O water-in-oil
  • O / W oil-in-water
  • Emulsions are prepared by known methods.
  • the emulsions generally contain conventional constituents, such as fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters and especially fatty acid triglycerides, fatty acids, lanolin and derivatives thereof, natural or synthetic oils or waxes and emulsifiers in the presence of water.
  • conventional constituents such as fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters and especially fatty acid triglycerides, fatty acids, lanolin and derivatives thereof, natural or synthetic oils or waxes and emulsifiers in the presence of water.
  • a suitable emulsion for.
  • a skin cream, etc. generally contains an aqueous phase which is emulsified by means of a suitable emulsifier in an oil or fat phase.
  • a copolymer composition A) can be used.
  • Preferred fat components which may be included in the fat phase of the emulsions are: hydrocarbon oils such as paraffin oil, purcellin oil, perhydrosqualene and solutions of microcrystalline waxes in these oils; animal or vegetable oils, such as sweet almond oil, avocado oil, calophilum oil, lanolin and derivatives thereof, castor oil, seed oil, olive oil, jojoba oil, karite oil, hoplostethus oil; Mineral oils whose beginning of distillation under atmospheric pressure at about 250 ° C and the distillation end point at 410 0 C, such as. Vaseline oil; Esters of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, such as alkyl myristates, e.g.
  • i-propyl, butyl or cetyl myristate hexadecyl stearate, ethyl or i-propyl palmitate, octanoic or Decanklandretriglyceride and Cetylricinoleat.
  • the fat phase may also contain other oil-soluble silicone oils such as dimethylpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane and the silicone glycol copolymer, fatty acids and fatty alcohols.
  • oil-soluble silicone oils such as dimethylpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane and the silicone glycol copolymer, fatty acids and fatty alcohols.
  • waxes can be used, such as. Carnauba wax, candililla wax, beeswax, microcrystalline wax, ozokerite wax and Ca, Mg and Al oleates, myristates, linoleates and stearates.
  • an emulsion of the invention may be present as O / W emulsion.
  • Such an emulsion usually contains an oil phase, emulsifiers that stabilize the oil phase in the water phase, and an aqueous phase that is usually thickened.
  • Suitable emulsifiers are preferably O / W emulsifiers, such as polyglycerol esters, sorbitan esters or partially esterified glycerides into consideration.
  • the agents according to the invention are a shower gel, a shampoo formulation or a bathing preparation.
  • Such formulations contain at least one copolymer composition A) and usually anionic surfactants as base surfactants and amphoteric and / or nonionic surfactants as cosurfactants.
  • suitable active ingredients and / or adjuvants are generally selected from lipids, perfume oils, dyes, organic acids, preservatives and antioxidants, as well as thickeners / gelling agents, skin conditioners and humectants.
  • formulations preferably contain from 2 to 50% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably from 8 to 30% by weight, of surfactants, based on the total weight of the formulation.
  • Suitable surfactants are the aforementioned.
  • shower gel / shampoo formulations additional thickeners, such.
  • sodium chloride PEG-55, propylene glycol oleate, PEG-120-methylglucose dioleate and others, and preservatives, other active ingredients and excipients and water.
  • the agents according to the invention are a hair treatment agent.
  • Hair treatment agents according to the invention preferably comprise at least one copolymer composition A) in an amount in the range from about 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the hair treatment compositions according to the invention are in the form of a mousse, hair mousse, hair gel, shampoos, hair sprays, hair mousse, top fluids, leveling agent or "hot oil” treatments.
  • the hair cosmetic preparations can be applied as (aerosol) spray, (aerosol) foam, gel, gel spray, cream, lotion or wax.
  • Hairsprays include both aerosol sprays and pump sprays without propellant gas.
  • Hair foams include both aerosol foams and pump foams without propellant gas.
  • Hair sprays and hair foams preferably comprise predominantly or exclusively water-soluble or water-dispersible components.
  • the compounds used in the hair sprays and hair foams according to the invention are water-dispersible, they can be used in the form of aqueous microdispersions with particle diameters of usually from 1 to 350 nm, preferably from 1 to 250 nm.
  • the solids contents of these preparations are usually in a range of about 0.5 to 20 wt .-%.
  • these microdispersions do not require emulsifiers or surfactants for their stabilization.
  • alcohol all alcohols customary in cosmetics are to be understood, for.
  • ethanol isopropanol, n-propanol.
  • Further constituents are understood to include the additives customary in cosmetics, for example blowing agents, defoamers, surface-active compounds, ie surfactants, emulsifiers, foaming agents and solubilizers.
  • the surface-active compounds used can be anionic, cationic, amphoteric or neutral. Other common ingredients may also be z.
  • this includes all known in cosmetics styling and Conditionerpoly- mers, which can be used in combination with the polymers of the invention, if very special properties are to be set.
  • Suitable conventional hair cosmetic polymers include, for example, the abovementioned cationic, anionic, neutral, nonionic and amphoteric polymers, to which reference is hereby made.
  • the preparations may additionally contain conditioning substances based on silicone compounds.
  • Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, polyalkylsiloxanes, polyarylsiloxanes, polyarylalkylsiloxanes, polyethersiloxanes, silicone resins or dimethicone copolyols (CTFA) and amino-functional silicone compounds such as amodimethicones (CTFA).
  • copolymer compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable as thickeners in hairstyling preparations, in particular hair foams and hair gels.
  • emulsifiers all emulsifiers commonly used in hair foams can be used. Suitable emulsifiers may be nonionic, cationic or anionic or amphoteric.
  • a preparation suitable for styling gels according to the invention can be composed, for example, as follows:
  • copolymer compositions A) according to the invention are also suitable for shampoo formulations which additionally contain conventional surfactants.
  • Conventional conditioning agents in combination with the copolymer compositions A) can be used in the shampoo formulations to achieve certain effects.
  • These include, for example, the abovementioned cationic polymers with the name Polyquaternium according to INCI, in particular copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone / N-vinylimidazolium salts (Luviquat® FC, Luviquat® HM, Luviquat® MS, Luviquat® Care), copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone / Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, quaternized with diethyl sulfate (Luviquat® PQ 11), copolymers of N-vinylcaprolactam / N-vinylpyrrolidone / N-vinylimidazolium salts (Luviquat® Hold); cati
  • protein hydrolysates can be used, as well as conditioning substances based on silicone compounds, for example polyalkylsiloxanes, polyarylsiloxanes, polyarylalkylsiloxanes, polyethersiloxanes or silicone resins.
  • silicone compounds for example polyalkylsiloxanes, polyarylsiloxanes, polyarylalkylsiloxanes, polyethersiloxanes or silicone resins.
  • suitable silicone compounds are dimethicone copolyols (CTFA) and amino-functional silicone compounds such as amodimethicones (CTFA).
  • CTFA dimethicone copolyols
  • amino-functional silicone compounds such as amodimethicones
  • cationic guar derivatives such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride (INCI) can be used.
  • copolymer compositions A) to be used according to the invention are also suitable for use in modifying the rheological properties in pharmaceutical preparations of any kind.
  • a further subject of the invention is therefore a pharmaceutical agent containing
  • C) optionally at least one further pharmaceutically acceptable excipient other than A) and B).
  • the formulation base of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention preferably contains pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are known to be useful in the pharmaceutical, food technology and related fields, in particular those listed in relevant pharmacopoeias (eg DAB, Ph. Eur., BP, NF) and other excipients, have no physiological properties conflict.
  • Suitable auxiliaries may be: lubricants, wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, preserving agents, antioxidants, anti-irritants, chelating agents, emulsion stabilizers, film formers, gelling agents, odor masking agents, resins, hydrocolloids, solvents, solubilizers, neutralizing agents, permeation agents. accelerators, pigments, quaternary ammonium compounds, refatting and superfatting agents, ointment, cream or oil bases, silicone derivatives, stabilizers, sterilants, blowing agents, drying agents, opacifiers, additional thickeners, waxes, plasticizers, white oils.
  • a related embodiment is based on professional knowledge, as shown for example in Fiedler, HP Lexicon of excipients for pharmacy, cosmetics and related fields, 4th ed., Aulendorf: ECV Editi-Ka ntor- Verlag, 1996.
  • the active substances can be mixed or diluted with a suitable excipient (excipient).
  • excipients may be solid, semi-solid or liquid materials which may serve as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient.
  • the admixing of further auxiliaries takes place in the manner known to the person skilled in the art.
  • these are aqueous solutions or solubilisates for oral or parenteral administration.
  • the copolymers to be used according to the invention are also suitable for use in oral dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, powders, solutions. Here they can provide the poorly soluble drug with increased bioavailability.
  • emulsions for example fat emulsions, can be used in addition to solubilisates.
  • compositions of the abovementioned type can be obtained by processing the pharmaceutical compositions A) to be used according to the invention with pharmaceutical active ingredients by conventional methods and using known and new active substances.
  • the application according to the invention may additionally contain pharmaceutical excipients and / or diluents.
  • adjuvants cosolvents, stabilizers, preservatives are particularly listed.
  • the pharmaceutical active substances used are water-soluble or else insoluble or sparingly soluble substances.
  • DAB 9 German Pharmacopoeia
  • the classification of the solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients is as follows: sparingly soluble (soluble in 30 to 100 parts of solvent); poorly soluble (soluble in 100 to 1000 parts of solvent); practically insoluble (soluble in more than 10000 parts of solvent).
  • the active ingredients can come from any indication.
  • the content of copolymer A) in the pharmaceutical agents is, depending on the active ingredient, in the range of 0.01 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 30 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the agent.
  • all pharmaceutical active ingredients and prodrugs are suitable for the production of the pharmaceutical agents according to the invention.
  • These include benzodiazepines, anti- hypertensives, vitamins, cytostatic drugs - in particular taxol, anesthetics, neuroleptics, antidepressants, antibiotics, antifungals, fungicides, chemotherapeutics, urologics, platelet aggregation inhibitors, sulphonamides, spasmolytics, hormones, immunoglobulins, sera, thyroid therapeutics, psychotropic drugs, antiparkinson drugs and other antihyperkinetics, ophthalmics, neuropathy preparations, Calcium metabolism regulators, muscle relaxants, anesthetics, lipid lowering agents, liver therapeutics, coronary agents, cardiacs, immunotherapeutics, regulatory peptides and their inhibitors, hypnotics, sedatives, gynecologics, gout agents, fibrinolytics, enzyme preparations and transport proteins, enzyme inhibitors, emetics,
  • the copolymer compositions A) to be used according to the invention are also suitable in the foodstuffs sector for modifying the rheological properties.
  • the invention therefore also relates to food-grade preparations which contain at least one of the copolymer compositions A) to be used according to the invention.
  • Food preparations are in the context of the present invention, dietary supplements such. As food-containing preparations and dietary foods to understand.
  • said copolymer compositions A) are also suitable for modifying the rheological properties of feed additives for animal nutrition.
  • copolymer compositions A) are suitable for preparing aqueous preparations of food supplements such as water-insoluble vitamins and provitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin A acetate, vitamin D, vitamin E, tocopherol derivatives such as tocopherol acetate and vitamin K.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of a copolymer composition A), as defined above, as auxiliaries in pharmacy, preferably as or in coating agent (s) for solid dosage forms, for modifying rheological properties, as a surface-active compound, as or in adhesives (n) and as or in coating composition (s) for the textile, paper, printing and leather industries.
  • a copolymer composition A as defined above, as auxiliaries in pharmacy, preferably as or in coating agent (s) for solid dosage forms, for modifying rheological properties, as a surface-active compound, as or in adhesives (n) and as or in coating composition (s) for the textile, paper, printing and leather industries.
  • the template was heated under ISb passage and stirring to about 60 0 C.
  • the remainder of feed 1 was then metered in over 4 h, during which the first turbidity was observed within about 15 minutes.
  • feed 2 was metered in over 6 hours.
  • feed 3 was metered in over 5 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was heated to 75 0 C and stirred at 75 0 C for 3 h. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was heated to 90 0 C and polymerized at 90 0 C over a period of 5 h after.
  • Example 4 The product obtained was filtered off and dried in an oven at about 70 ° C. for 20 h.
  • the filtered product was additionally slurried once in a mixture of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (1: 1) and thus washed, filtered off and then dried in an oven at about 70 0 C for 20 h.
  • Example 5 the filtered product was additionally slurried twice in a mixture of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (1: 1), filtered off and then dried in a drying oven for 20 h at about 70 0 C.
  • the copolymer compositions of Comparative Examples C1, C2, V3 and V4 were also prepared.
  • the solvent was removed by evaporation in the comparative compositions V1, V2 and V3.
  • the comparative examples V1, V2, V3 and V4 always formed a significant amount of coating, resulting in poor heat transfer in the apparatus.
  • the template was heated under ISb passage and stirring to about 60 0 C.
  • the remainder of Feed 1 was metered in for 4 hours, with the first turbidity observed within approximately 15 minutes. 30 minutes after the start of feed 1, feed 2 was added in 6 hours. 60 minutes after the start of feed 1 feed 3 was added in 4 h. Subsequently, feed 4 is added in the course of 90 minutes. After completion of the addition of the feed 4, the reaction mixture was heated to 75 0 C and stirred for 3 h at 75 0 C after. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was heated to 90 0 C and polymerized for 4 h at 90 0 C after.
  • the product obtained was filtered off and dried for 20 h at about 70 0 C in a drying oven.
  • Plex-6877-O 3 50 g
  • the template was heated under ISb passage and stirring to about 60 0 C.
  • the remainder of feed 1 was metered in for 4 h, during which the first turbidity was observed within about 30 minutes.
  • 30 minutes after the start of feed 1 feed 2 was added in 6 hours.
  • 60 minutes after the start of feed 1 feed 3 was added in 5.5 h.
  • the reaction mixture was heated to 75 0 C and stirred for 3 h at 75 0 C after. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was heated to 90 0 C and polymerized for 4 h at 90 0 C after.
  • the product obtained was filtered off and dried for 20 h at about 70 0 C in a drying oven.
  • Lutencryl AT 250 C16-18 Alkyl PEG Methacrylate in MAS (50%)

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour produire un copolymère réticulé comportant des groupes anionogènes/anioniques par copolymérisation radicalaire selon le procédé de la polymérisation par précipitation. Cette invention se rapporte en outre aux copolymères obtenus et à leur utilisation.
EP09782541A 2008-09-04 2009-09-03 Polymérisation par précipitation en présence de monostéarate de glycérine Withdrawn EP2324068A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09782541A EP2324068A2 (fr) 2008-09-04 2009-09-03 Polymérisation par précipitation en présence de monostéarate de glycérine

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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EP08163686 2008-09-04
EP09782541A EP2324068A2 (fr) 2008-09-04 2009-09-03 Polymérisation par précipitation en présence de monostéarate de glycérine
PCT/EP2009/061377 WO2010026178A2 (fr) 2008-09-04 2009-09-03 Polymérisation par précipitation en présence de monostéarate de glycérine

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WO2010026178A2 (fr) 2010-03-11
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BRPI0918487A2 (pt) 2015-12-01
US20110150796A1 (en) 2011-06-23
WO2010026178A3 (fr) 2010-05-06
KR20110073492A (ko) 2011-06-29
CN102203148A (zh) 2011-09-28

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