EP2292508B1 - Hatch cover for closing off a hatch - Google Patents
Hatch cover for closing off a hatch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2292508B1 EP2292508B1 EP10007546.4A EP10007546A EP2292508B1 EP 2292508 B1 EP2292508 B1 EP 2292508B1 EP 10007546 A EP10007546 A EP 10007546A EP 2292508 B1 EP2292508 B1 EP 2292508B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hatch cover
- spring means
- hatch
- housing
- piston
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B19/00—Arrangements or adaptations of ports, doors, windows, port-holes, or other openings or covers
- B63B19/12—Hatches; Hatchways
- B63B19/14—Hatch covers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
- E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
- E05F1/1041—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis
- E05F1/105—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis with a compression spring
- E05F1/1058—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a coil spring perpendicular to the pivot axis with a compression spring for counterbalancing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F5/00—Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers
- E05F5/06—Buffers or stops limiting opening of swinging wings, e.g. floor or wall stops
- E05F5/08—Buffers or stops limiting opening of swinging wings, e.g. floor or wall stops with springs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
- E05Y2800/20—Combinations of elements
- E05Y2800/21—Combinations of elements of identical elements, e.g. of identical compression springs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
- E05Y2800/20—Combinations of elements
- E05Y2800/242—Combinations of elements arranged in parallel relationship
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/504—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles for armoured vehicles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/514—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles for ships
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hatch for completing a hatch, in particular a hatch of a submarine with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- a hatch cover of the aforementioned kind is from the document FR 1250446 is known and is typically used to close a hatch in a ship's deck, but also in other areas such as structures and the like. While the hatch cover is usually provided for over-sealing the hull in Matterwasserschiffe, this fulfills the submarine in addition to other functions.
- the hatches next to the torpedo tubes are the only openings in the boat through which both persons and material can be brought into or out of the boat.
- the hatch in the tower of the submarine is usually opened after each emergence and sealed again before diving.
- the hatch often forms an emergency exit for the underwater exit of a damaged boat. On the one hand, therefore, it has to be reliably pressure-tight, but on the other hand, it has to be able to be opened both above and under water as simply as possible and with little force.
- the invention has the object, a generic hatch cover in such a way that it can be opened quickly and easily and reliably without great effort and closed. In a further development of the invention, this should also be possible if the boat has a certain inclination.
- the hatch according to the invention for closing a hatch is pivotally attached to the hull via at least one hinge.
- spring means for weight relief during opening and closing which have at least two springs with different spring characteristics and which are dimensioned and interconnected so that a weight relief of the lid takes into account its pivotal position.
- the basic idea of the solution according to the invention is first of all to facilitate the opening and closing of the hatch cover in the intended position of the boat, namely the fact that by dimensioning the springs over the entire opening path or closing as uniform as possible weight relief of the hatch cover. Because in the closed position, so if the hatch covers the hatch and is arranged substantially horizontally, the lifting force to overcome the greatest weight, the springs are designed so that they apply the maximum force in this position, and then with increasing pivot position in accordance with the decreasing force to open or close the spring force is reduced accordingly. This can be generated in a suitable manner by building a corresponding spring assembly of springs of different spring characteristics. How to build such spring packages is one of the state of the art.
- the hatch itself as light as possible in order to reduce the weight forces.
- This can advantageously take place in that the hatch cover instead of, for example, as known, made of steel, titanium or a titanium alloy.
- the weight of the spring means for weight reduction is reduced, since only lower weight forces are to be compensated.
- the spring means for weight relief between the joint and hull are arranged and operatively connected via a crank mechanism with a shaft forming part of the joint, rotatably mounted on the hull and rotatably connected to the hatch cover.
- a crank mechanism which acts on a shaft, can be provided to save space next to the hatch outside the hull or within the outer skin or a panel and keeps the lid itself largely free of mechanical components.
- the shaft simultaneously forms the axis of the pivot joint and gear part for opening and closing the lid.
- spring means for weight relief during opening and closing of the hatch cover are provided, but also spring means for damping, which cushion the lid when reaching a final pivot position, preferably in the open end position to avoid kickback.
- both the spring means for weight relief and the spring means for damping in a common, preferably cylindrical housing are arranged, which is fixed to the hull.
- all the spring means can be arranged in a housing, which is advantageous.
- such a housing encapsulation is advantageous, since pollution by seawater and entrained impurities of the spring assembly can be reliably prevented. In this way, despite harsh environmental conditions a long-term reliable and consistent in terms of power development operation can be guaranteed.
- the spring means for weight relief or the spring means for damping but preferably both act on a longitudinally movably guided in the housing rod, which is connected at its joint-side end with the crank mechanism is particularly advantageous.
- the housing is designed as a cylinder housing and has a piston arranged therein movable, the piston rod preferably passes through the housing at both ends.
- the spring means are expediently arranged so that they act on the piston, wherein the spring means for damping advantageous to one side of the piston and the spring means for weight relief to the other side of the piston act.
- the housing is advantageously pressure-sealed and has two line connections for pressurizing the piston from one side and from the other side.
- the piston-cylinder assembly forms a double-acting lift cylinder, which has the advantage that regardless of the manual operability of the hatch cover for opening and closing in addition, a hydraulic or pneumatic actuation both opening and closing the hatch cover is possible
- the housing thus forms on the one hand a double-acting lifting cylinder in connection with the piston and on the other hand, a housing for the spring means.
- the housing thus has a dual function, namely on the one hand to form part of the lift cylinder, on the other hand to safely absorb the spring means. This results in a simple, but also very compact design.
- the spring means for weight relief are advantageously formed by two or more coaxially arranged one inside the other and in parallel coil springs.
- the coil springs advantageously have different lengths, so that, for example, when opening initially two or more prestressed springs are effective force. If then on further opening the lid due to the decreasing proportion of the weight lower spring forces are required for relief, one of the springs after reaching their maximum stroke is no longer effective and only the other spring.
- Such spring assemblies can be constructed from two, three or more springs of different characteristics and connected in a suitable manner in series and / or in parallel.
- the springs are advantageously designed as coaxially arranged one inside the other coil springs and connected in parallel, as this allows a particularly compact design.
- a substantial release of force during opening and closing of the hatch cover, especially in inclined position of the boat in case of accident can be further achieved in that the hatch cover is not made of steel, but of light metal, preferably titanium or a titanium alloy.
- a tower 1 the Turmluk 2, that is, the hatch 2 located at the upper end of the tower 1, by a hatch cover 3 is closed.
- tower 2 is pressure tight ( Fig. 1 ).
- a locking fuse is first to operate, which is rotated from the inside by means of a handwheel 4 or from the outside by means of a handwheel 5 rotatably mounted on the cover 3 Knaggenring, whereby the Bayonet-type positive connection between the Knaggenring and the correspondingly profiled inner circumference of Turmluks 2 is disengaged.
- the hatch cover 3 about a pivot axis 6 from the closed position ( Fig. 1 ) in the open position (end position Fig. 3 ) are pivoted. This can be done either by manual application of force, namely from the inside by pressing the handwheel 4 upwards or from outside by pulling up the handwheel 5.
- a spring assembly 7 is provided, which is arranged in a spring housing 8 in the form of a cylinder housing.
- the spring housing 8 is attached to the side of the tower 1 and slightly inclined with respect to the tower axis, as shown by the FIGS. 1 to 3 is apparent.
- a spring assembly of three coaxial nested coil springs 9, 10 and 11 is arranged, which is effective between axial stops within the housing 8 and one side of a piston 12 which is longitudinally movably guided within the spring and cylinder housing 8.
- the springs 9, 10, 11 are arranged by means of spring holders 25 and 26 coaxially with each other.
- the piston 12 is seated on a piston rod 13 which is guided on both sides tightly through the cylinder housing 8.
- the piston rod 13 forms part of a thrust-crank mechanism whose structure is based on the FIGS. 1 to 3 is apparent.
- the piston rod 13 is connected via a joint 14 with a lever 15, which in turn is connected via a hinge 16 to one end of a crank 17, whose other end rotatably engages a shaft 18 which rotatably connected to the linkage 19 of the hatch cover 3 is, with the lid 3 is pivotally mounted on the tower 1.
- the shaft 18 rotates about the axis 6 and thus forms part of the joint with which the hatch cover 3 is attached to the tower 1.
- the piston rod 13 moves from the closed lid position in Fig. 1 until fully opened lid position in Fig. 3 from the top into the cylinder and spring housing 8 and at the bottom of this out. It moves the piston 12 accordingly in direction 20 within the cylinder housing.
- the springs 9 to 11 are designed so that in this closed position of the hatch cover 3 via the piston 12 and the associated piston rod 13th a force is applied which acts in direction 20 and generates on the shaft 18 a moment which approximately compensates for the force acting on the articulation linkage 19 by the weight force of the hatch cover 3, so that the cover 3 is weight-balanced and can be lifted practically without appreciable force ,
- the inner coil spring 11 With increasing travel of the piston 12 and the piston rod 13 in the direction 20, the inner coil spring 11 first reaches the end of its extension path. Then only the springs 9 and 10 are effective. In the further process in the direction 20, so when pivoting the hatch cover 3 on the in Fig. 2 Outgoing opening position eventually reaches the middle coil spring 10 at the end of its travel and out of action.
- the outer spring 9 is dimensioned so that upon reaching the open position of the lid ( Fig. 3 ) exerts no further force on the piston 12.
- the coil springs 9, 10 and 11 have different spring characteristics and are coordinated and connected in parallel so that when opening or closing the hatch cover 3 is always a swivel position adapted weight compensation, so that the lid 3 with low forces both open and can be closed.
- springs 21, 22 and 23 are provided at the lower end of the spring housing, which are designed as conical springs and which serve exclusively for damping.
- These conical springs 21 to 23 are at the in Fig. 4 supported lower end face of the spring housing 8 and act on the underside of the piston 12 when the hatch cover 3 in the in Fig. 3 open position shown pivots open and prevent a hard noisy striking the lid, these feathers instead soft and with increasing travel harder from going.
- the springs 21 to 23 are arranged by means of spring holder 27 and 28 coaxially with each other.
- the piston rod 13 is sealed at both end faces of the housing 8 via two seals 24 relative to the housing 8, so that the housing interior with the springs 9 to 11 and 21 to 23, the spring holders 25 to 28 and the piston 12, the in Incidentally, is sealed against the cylinder wall, hermetically sealed and thus protected from the ingress of seawater.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Superstructure Of Vehicle (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Lukendeckel zum Abschließen einer Luke, insbesondere einer Luke eines Unterseeboots mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The invention relates to a hatch for completing a hatch, in particular a hatch of a submarine with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Ein Lukendeckel der vorgenannten Art ist aus der Dokument
Bei Lukendeckel für Luken von Unterseebooten zählt es daher schon zum Stand der Technik, deckelseitig ein Federpaket vorzusehen, welches die Gewichtskraft beim Öffnen und Schließen des Lukendeckels zumindest teilweise kompensiert. Ein Nachteil der bekannten Systeme ist jedoch, dass nicht nur der aus Stahl bestehende und dem maximalen Tauchdruck standhaltende Lukendeckel sehr schwer ist, sondern auch durch das Federpaket, welches eine Gewichtsentlastung bewirkt, dann, wenn das Boot eine gewisse Schräglage hat, das Öffnen des Deckels aufgrund des hohen Gewichts zusätzlich erschwert.In hatch covers for hatches of submarines it is therefore already state of the art to provide a spring package on the cover side, which at least partially compensates for the weight force when opening and closing the hatch cover. A disadvantage of the known systems, however, is that not only the existing steel and the maximum diving pressure-resistant hatch cover is very heavy, but also by the spring package, which causes a weight relief, then, when the boat has a certain inclination, the opening of the lid due to the heavy weight additionally difficult.
Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gattungsgemäßen Lukendeckel so auszubilden, dass er schnell, einfach und zuverlässig ohne großen Kraftaufwand geöffnet und verschlossen werden kann. In Weiterbildung der Erfindung soll dies auch dann erfolgen können, wenn das Boot eine gewisse Schräglage hat.Against this background, the invention has the object, a generic hatch cover in such a way that it can be opened quickly and easily and reliably without great effort and closed. In a further development of the invention, this should also be possible if the boat has a certain inclination.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch die in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie der Zeichnung angegeben. Hierbei können gemäß der Erfindung die in den Unteransprüchen und der Beschreibung angegebenen Merkmale jeweils für sich, aber auch in Kombination die erfindungsgemäße Lösung gemäß Anspruch 1 weiter ausgestalten.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims, the following description and the drawing. In this case, according to the invention, the features specified in the subclaims and the description in each case individually, but also in combination, the inventive solution according to claim 1 further develop.
Der erfindungsgemäße Lukendeckel zum Abschließen einer Luke, insbesondere einer Luke eines Unterseeboots, ist über mindestens ein Gelenk schwenkbar am Bootskörper befestigt. Es sind Federmittel zur Gewichtsentlastung beim Öffnen und Schließen vorgesehen, die mindestens zwei Federn mit unterschiedlichen Federkenngrößen aufweisen und die derart dimensioniert und verschaltet sind, dass eine Gewichtsentlastung des Deckels unter Berücksichtigung seiner Schwenkstellung erfolgt.The hatch according to the invention for closing a hatch, in particular a hatch of a submarine, is pivotally attached to the hull via at least one hinge. There are provided spring means for weight relief during opening and closing, which have at least two springs with different spring characteristics and which are dimensioned and interconnected so that a weight relief of the lid takes into account its pivotal position.
Grundgedanke der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist zunächst einmal das Öffnen und Schließen des Lukendeckels in bestimmungsgemäßer Position des Boots zu erleichtern, nämlich dadurch, dass durch Dimensionierung der Federn eine über den gesamten Öffnungsweg bzw. Schließweg möglichst gleichmäßige Gewichtsentlastung des Lukendeckels erfolgt. Da in Schließstellung, also wenn der Lukendeckel die Luke überdeckt und im Wesentlichen horizontal angeordnet ist, beim Anheben die größte Gewichtskraft zu überwinden ist, sind die Federn so ausgelegt, dass sie in dieser Stellung die maximale Kraft aufbringen, wobei dann mit zunehmender Schwenkstellung entsprechend der sich verringernden Kraft zum Öffnen bzw. Schließen auch die Federkraft entsprechend verringert wird. Dies kann in geeigneter Weise durch Aufbau eines entsprechenden Federpaketes aus Federn unterschiedlicher Federkenngrößen erzeugt werden. Wie man solche Federpakete aufbaut, zählt zum Stand der Technik. Zwar bleibt die Gewichtskraft des Deckels während des gesamten Öffnungsvorgangs konstant, doch ändert sich die Gewichtsverteilung je nach Stellung. Bei horizontaler Schwenkstellung ist nahezu die volle Gewichtskraft zum Öffnen zu überwinden, wohingegen bei einer Schwenkstellung um 90° die gesamte Gewichtskraft durch das Schwenklager aufgenommen wird und daher dann keine weitere Federkraft erwünscht ist, da diese sonst zusätzlich von der Bedienperson überwunden werden müsste.The basic idea of the solution according to the invention is first of all to facilitate the opening and closing of the hatch cover in the intended position of the boat, namely the fact that by dimensioning the springs over the entire opening path or closing as uniform as possible weight relief of the hatch cover. Because in the closed position, so if the hatch covers the hatch and is arranged substantially horizontally, the lifting force to overcome the greatest weight, the springs are designed so that they apply the maximum force in this position, and then with increasing pivot position in accordance with the decreasing force to open or close the spring force is reduced accordingly. This can be generated in a suitable manner by building a corresponding spring assembly of springs of different spring characteristics. How to build such spring packages is one of the state of the art. Although the weight of the lid remains constant during the entire opening process, the weight distribution changes depending on the position. In the case of a horizontal pivoting position, almost the full weight force for opening is to be overcome, whereas in a pivoting position of 90 ° the entire weight force is absorbed by the pivot bearing and therefore no further spring force is desired, since otherwise this would have to be overcome by the operator.
Grundsätzlich ist gemäß der Erfindung vorgesehen, den Lukendeckel selbst möglichst leicht zu gestalten, um die Gewichtskräfte zu reduzieren. Dies kann vorteilhaft dadurch erfolgen, dass der Lukendeckel statt beispielsweise wie bekannt aus Stahl, aus Titan oder einer Titanlegierung hergestellt wird. Hierdurch wird auch das Gewicht der Federmittel zur Gewichtsentlastung verringert, da nur noch geringere Gewichtskräfte zu kompensieren sind.Basically, it is provided according to the invention to make the hatch itself as light as possible in order to reduce the weight forces. This can advantageously take place in that the hatch cover instead of, for example, as known, made of steel, titanium or a titanium alloy. As a result, the weight of the spring means for weight reduction is reduced, since only lower weight forces are to be compensated.
Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die Federmittel zur Gewichtsentlastung zwischen Gelenk und Bootskörper angeordnet und über einen Kurbeltrieb mit einer Welle wirkverbunden, die Teil des Gelenks bildet, drehbar am Bootskörper gelagert und drehfest mit dem Lukendeckel verbunden ist. Mit dieser Anordnung wird erreicht, dass die Federmittel bootsseitig angeordnet sind und somit den Deckel gewichtsmäßig nicht zusätzlich belasten. Weiterhin ermöglicht diese Anordnung eine wesentlich einfachere und zugleich wirksamere Anordnung der Federmittel, da nicht nur der sonst zur Verfügung stehende möglichst flache Bauraum über dem Deckel genutzt werden kann, sondern weitgehende Gestaltungsfreiheit besteht. Ein solcher Kurbeltrieb, der auf eine Welle wirkt, kann Platz sparend neben der Luke außen am Bootskörper oder innerhalb der Außenhaut bzw. einer Verkleidung vorgesehen sein und hält den Deckel selbst weitgehend frei von mechanischen Bauteilen. Dabei bildet die Welle gleichzeitig Achse des Schwenkgelenkes und Getriebeteil zum Öffnen und Schließen des Deckels.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spring means for weight relief between the joint and hull are arranged and operatively connected via a crank mechanism with a shaft forming part of the joint, rotatably mounted on the hull and rotatably connected to the hatch cover. With this arrangement it is achieved that the spring means are arranged on the boat side and thus do not burden the lid by weight in addition. Furthermore possible this arrangement a much simpler and at the same time more effective arrangement of the spring means, since not only the otherwise available as flat space above the lid can be used, but extensive freedom of design exists. Such a crank mechanism, which acts on a shaft, can be provided to save space next to the hatch outside the hull or within the outer skin or a panel and keeps the lid itself largely free of mechanical components. In this case, the shaft simultaneously forms the axis of the pivot joint and gear part for opening and closing the lid.
Vorteilhaft sind dabei nicht nur Federmittel zur Gewichtsentlastung beim Öffnen und Schließen des Lukendeckels vorgesehen, sondern darüber hinaus auch Federmittel zur Dämpfung, die den Deckel beim Erreichen einer Endschwenkstellung abfedern, vorzugsweise in der geöffneten Endstellung, um ein Rückschlagen zu vermeiden.Advantageously, not only spring means for weight relief during opening and closing of the hatch cover are provided, but also spring means for damping, which cushion the lid when reaching a final pivot position, preferably in the open end position to avoid kickback.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind sowohl die Federmittel zur Gewichtsentlastung als auch die Federmittel zur Dämpfung in einem gemeinsamen, vorzugsweise zylindrischen Gehäuse angeordnet, das am Bootskörper festgelegt ist. Auf diese Weise können sämtliche Federmittel in einem Gehäuse angeordnet sein, was von Vorteil ist. Alternativ besteht die Möglichkeit, die Federmittel in gesonderten Gehäusen anzuordnen oder nur die einen oder die anderen Federmittel mittels eines Gehäuses zu kapseln. Insbesondere bei den Federmitteln zur Gewichtsentlastung ist eine solche Gehäusekapselung von Vorteil, da eine Verschmutzung durch Seewasser und davon mitgeführte Verunreinigungen des Federpaketes zuverlässig verhindert werden kann. Hierdurch kann trotz rauer Umgebungsbedingungen ein langzeitzuverlässiger und hinsichtlich der Kraftentfaltung gleich bleibender Betrieb gewährleistet werden.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, both the spring means for weight relief and the spring means for damping in a common, preferably cylindrical housing are arranged, which is fixed to the hull. In this way, all the spring means can be arranged in a housing, which is advantageous. Alternatively, it is possible to arrange the spring means in separate housings or to encapsulate only one or the other spring means by means of a housing. In particular, in the spring means for weight relief, such a housing encapsulation is advantageous, since pollution by seawater and entrained impurities of the spring assembly can be reliably prevented. In this way, despite harsh environmental conditions a long-term reliable and consistent in terms of power development operation can be guaranteed.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Federmittel zur Gewichtsentlastung oder die Federmittel zur Dämpfung, bevorzugt jedoch beide, auf eine im Gehäuse längsbeweglich geführte Stange wirken, welche an ihrem gelenkseitigen Ende mit dem Kurbeltrieb verbunden ist. Dies ist technisch grundsätzlich gut realisierbar, da die Federmittel zur Kompensation des Deckelgewichts im Wesentlichen am Anfang des Öffnens und die Federmittel zur Dämpfung im Wesentlichen am Ende des Öffnens wirksam sein müssen und insoweit über ein und dasselbe mechanische Bauteil, nämlich beispielsweise die vorerwähnte Stange Kraft übertragen werden kann.It when the spring means for weight relief or the spring means for damping, but preferably both act on a longitudinally movably guided in the housing rod, which is connected at its joint-side end with the crank mechanism is particularly advantageous. This is technically basically well feasible, since the spring means for compensating the lid weight substantially at the beginning of opening and the spring means for damping substantially at the end of opening must be effective and in so far transmitted via one and the same mechanical component, namely, for example, the aforementioned rod force can be.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist das Gehäuse als Zylindergehäuse ausgebildet und weist einen darin verfahrbar angeordneten Kolben auf, dessen Kolbenstange das Gehäuse vorzugsweise an beiden Stirnseiten durchsetzt. Dabei sind die Federmittel zweckmäßigerweise so angeordnet, dass sie auf den Kolben wirken, wobei die Federmittel zur Dämpfung vorteilhaft zu einer Seite des Kolbens und die Federmittel zur Gewichtsentlastung zur anderen Seite des Kolbens wirken. Dadurch, dass die Kolbenstange zu beiden Stirnseiten des Gehäuses herausgeführt ist, ergibt sich eine gute Führung und ein konstruktiv einfacher Aufbau.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the housing is designed as a cylinder housing and has a piston arranged therein movable, the piston rod preferably passes through the housing at both ends. The spring means are expediently arranged so that they act on the piston, wherein the spring means for damping advantageous to one side of the piston and the spring means for weight relief to the other side of the piston act. The fact that the piston rod is led out to both end sides of the housing, there is a good leadership and a structurally simple structure.
Vorteilhaft ist dabei das Gehäuse druckdicht abgeschlossen und weist zwei Leitungsanschlüsse zum Druckbeaufschlagen des Kolbens von der einen und von der anderen Seite auf. Auf diese Weise bildet die Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnung einen doppelt wirkenden Hubzylinder, was den Vorteil hat, dass unabhängig von der manuellen Betätigbarkeit des Lukendeckels zum Öffnen und Schließen zusätzlich auch eine hydraulische oder pneumatische Betätigung sowohl zum Öffnen als auch zum Schließen des Lukendeckels möglich ist. Das Gehäuse bildet somit einerseits einen doppelt wirkenden Hubzylinder in Verbindung mit dem Kolben und andererseits ein Gehäuse für die Federmittel. Das Gehäuse hat somit eine doppelte Funktion, nämlich zum einen, Teil des Hubzylinders zu bilden, zum anderen, die Federmittel sicher aufzunehmen. Es ergibt sich somit eine einfache, aber zugleich auch sehr kompakte Bauform.The housing is advantageously pressure-sealed and has two line connections for pressurizing the piston from one side and from the other side. In this way, the piston-cylinder assembly forms a double-acting lift cylinder, which has the advantage that regardless of the manual operability of the hatch cover for opening and closing in addition, a hydraulic or pneumatic actuation both opening and closing the hatch cover is possible , The housing thus forms on the one hand a double-acting lifting cylinder in connection with the piston and on the other hand, a housing for the spring means. The housing thus has a dual function, namely on the one hand to form part of the lift cylinder, on the other hand to safely absorb the spring means. This results in a simple, but also very compact design.
Die Federmittel zur Gewichtsentlastung sind vorteilhaft durch zwei oder mehr koaxial ineinander angeordnete und parallel geschaltete Schraubenfedern gebildet. Dabei weisen die Schraubenfedern vorteilhaft unterschiedliche Längen auf, so dass beispielsweise beim Öffnen zunächst zwei oder mehr vorgespannte Federn kraftwirksam sind. Wenn dann beim weiteren Öffnen des Deckels aufgrund des geringer werdenden Anteils der Gewichtskraft geringere Federkräfte zur Entlastung erforderlich sind, ist eine der Federn nach Erreichen ihres maximalen Hubwegs nicht mehr kraftwirksam und nur noch die weitere Feder. Derartige Federpakete können aus zwei, drei oder mehr Federn unterschiedlicher Kenngrößen aufgebaut und in geeigneter Weise in Reihe und/oder parallel geschaltet werden. Dabei sind vorteilhaft die Federn als koaxial ineinander angeordnete Schraubenfedern ausgebildet und parallel geschaltet, da dies eine besonders kompakte Bauweise ermöglicht.The spring means for weight relief are advantageously formed by two or more coaxially arranged one inside the other and in parallel coil springs. In this case, the coil springs advantageously have different lengths, so that, for example, when opening initially two or more prestressed springs are effective force. If then on further opening the lid due to the decreasing proportion of the weight lower spring forces are required for relief, one of the springs after reaching their maximum stroke is no longer effective and only the other spring. Such spring assemblies can be constructed from two, three or more springs of different characteristics and connected in a suitable manner in series and / or in parallel. In this case, the springs are advantageously designed as coaxially arranged one inside the other coil springs and connected in parallel, as this allows a particularly compact design.
Eine wesentliche Kraftentlastung beim Öffnen und Schließen des Lukendeckels, insbesondere bei Schräglage des Bootes im Havariefall kann weiter dadurch erzielt werden, dass der Lukendeckel nicht aus Stahl, sondern aus Leichtmetall, vorzugsweise aus Titan oder einer Titanlegierung besteht.A substantial release of force during opening and closing of the hatch cover, especially in inclined position of the boat in case of accident can be further achieved in that the hatch cover is not made of steel, but of light metal, preferably titanium or a titanium alloy.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in stark vereinfachter schematischer Darstellung einen geschlossenen Lukendeckel am Turm eines U-Boots,
- Fig. 2
- den Lukendeckel in halbgeöffneter Position in Darstellung nach
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 3
- den Lukendeckel in vollständig geöffneter Position in Darstellung nach
Fig. 1 und - Fig. 4
- einen Längsschnitt durch das die Federn aufnehmende Zylindergehäuse.
- Fig. 1
- in a very simplified schematic representation a closed hatch cover on the tower of a submarine,
- Fig. 2
- the hatch cover in half open position in representation after
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 3
- The hatch cover in fully open position in representation after
Fig. 1 and - Fig. 4
- a longitudinal section through the cylinder housing receiving the springs.
Das in den Figuren nicht im Einzelnen dargestellte Unterseeboot weist in an sich bekannter Weise einen Turm 1 auf, dessen Turmluk 2, also die am oberen Ende des Turms 1 befindliche Luke 2, durch einen Lukendeckel 3 verschließbar ist. Bei geschlossenem Lukendeckel 3 ist das Turmluk 2 druckdicht abgeschlossen (
Zum Öffnen des Lukendeckels 3, was sowohl von außen als auch von innen erfolgen kann, ist zunächst eine Verriegelungssicherung zu betätigen, wonach von innen mittels eines Handrads 4 oder von außen mittels eines Handrads 5 ein drehbar am Deckel 3 gelagerter Knaggenring gedreht wird, wodurch die bajonettartige Formschlussverbindung zwischen dem Knaggenring und der entsprechend profilierten Innenumfang des Turmluks 2 außer Eingriff gebracht wird. Sobald dies erfolgt ist, kann der Lukendeckel 3 um eine Schwenkachse 6 aus der geschlossenen Stellung (
Zur Kompensation dieser auf die Bedienperson wirkenden, sich je nach Schwenkstellung ändernden Gewichtskraft des Lukendeckels 3 ist ein Federpaket 7 vorgesehen, das in einem Federgehäuse 8 in Form eines Zylindergehäuses angeordnet ist. Das Federgehäuse 8 ist seitlich am Turm 1 angebracht und in Bezug auf die Turmachse leicht schräg angeordnet, wie dies anhand der
Die Kolbenstange 13 bildet Teil eines Schub-Kurbelgetriebes, dessen Aufbau anhand der
Wie anhand der
Bei geschlossenem Deckel (
Während die im oberen Teil des Feder- und Zylindergehäuses 8 angeordneten Schraubenfedern 9, 10 und 11 zur Gewichtsentlastung des Deckels 3 vorgesehen sind, sind am unteren Ende des Federgehäuses weitere Federn 21, 22 und 23 vorgesehen, die als Kegelfedern ausgebildet sind und die ausschließlich der Dämpfung dienen. Diese Kegelfedern 21 bis 23 sind an der in
Die Kolbenstange 13 ist an beiden Stirnseiten des Gehäuses 8 über jeweils zwei Dichtungen 24 gegenüber dem Gehäuse 8 abgedichtet, so dass das Gehäuseinnere mit den darin befindlichen Federn 9 bis 11 und 21 bis 23, den Federhaltern 25 bis 28 und dem Kolben 12, der im Übrigen auch gegenüber der Zylinderwand abgedichtet ist, hermetisch abgeschlossen und somit vor dem Eindringen von Seewasser geschützt sind.The
An dem Zylindergehäuse 8 sind nahe dem oberen Ende und dem unteren Ende in
- 11
- - Turm- Tower
- 22
- - Turmluk, Luke- Turmluk, Luke
- 33
- - Lukendeckel- hatch cover
- 44
- - Handrad (innen)- Handwheel (inside)
- 55
- - Handrad (außen)- Handwheel (outside)
- 66
- - Schwenkachse- Swivel axis
- 77
- - Federpaket- spring package
- 88th
- - Federgehäuse, Zylindergehäuse- spring housing, cylinder housing
- 99
- - Schraubenfeder (außen)- coil spring (outside)
- 1010
- - Schraubenfeder (Mitte)- coil spring (middle)
- 1111
- - Schraubenfeder (innen)- coil spring (inside)
- 1212
- - Kolben- Piston
- 1313
- - Kolbenstange- piston rod
- 1414
- - Gelenk zwischen Kolbenstange und Hebel- Joint between piston rod and lever
- 1515
- - Hebel- Leverage
- 1616
- - Gelenk zwischen Hebel und Kurbel- Joint between lever and crank
- 1717
- - Kurbel- Crank
- 1818
- - Welle- Wave
- 1919
-
- Anlenkgestänge des Lukendeckels 3- Linkage of the
hatch cover 3 - 2020
-
- Richtung in
Fig. 4 - direction inFig. 4 - 21, 22 und 2321, 22 and 23
- - Kegelfedern- cone springs
- 2424
- - Dichtung- Poetry
- 2525
- - Federhalter- Pen holder
- 2626
- - Federhalter- Pen holder
- 2727
- - Federhalter- Pen holder
- 2828
- - Federhalter- Pen holder
Claims (12)
- A hatch cover for closing a hatch (2), in particular a hatch (2) of a submarine, which is pivotably fastened on the submarine body (1) via at least one joint, with spring means (9-11) for weight relief on opening and closure, characterised in that the spring means (9-11), for weight relief, comprise at least two springs (9; 10; 11) with different spring characteristics, which are dimensioned and connected, in a manner such that a weight force compensation adapted to the pivot position is always effected on opening and closing the cover (3).
- A hatch cover according to claim 1, characterised in that the spring means (9-11) for weight relief are arranged between the joint and the submarine body (11) and are actively connected via a crank drive (14-17) to a shaft (18) which forms part of the joint, is rotatably mounted on the submarine body (1) and is connected to the hatch cover (3) in a rotationally fixed manner.
- A hatch cover according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that spring means (21-23) are provided for damping the cover (3) on reaching an end pivot position, preferably the opened position (Fig. 3).
- A hatch cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spring means (9-11) for weight relief and/or the spring means (21- 23) for damping, are arranged in a common, preferably cylindrical housing (8), which is fastened on the submarine body (1).
- A hatch cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spring means (9-11) for weight relief and/or the spring means (21-23) for damping act on a rod (13) which is guided in the housing (8) in a longitudinally movable manner and which is connected at its end on the joint side, to the crank drive (14-17).
- A hatch cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the housing (8) is a cylinder housing (8) with a piston (12) which is displaceably arranged therein, whose piston rod (13) passes through the housing (8), preferably at both face sides.
- A hatch cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the housing (8) is closed in a pressure-tight manner and comprises at least two conduit connections for pressure impingement of the piston (12) from the one or the other side.
- A hatch cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spring means (9-11) for weight relief are effective to one side of the piston (12), and the spring means (21-23) for damping are effective to the other side of the piston (12).
- A hatch cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spring means (9-11) for weight relief comprise two or more helical springs (9-11), which are arranged coaxially in one another and are connected in parallel.
- A hatch cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one of the helical springs (10; 11) is only effective over a part of the displacement path of the piston (12).
- A hatch cover according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hatch cover (3) is of a lightweight metal, preferably of titanium or a titanium alloy.
- A submarine with a hatch cover (3) according to one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL10007546T PL2292508T3 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-07-21 | Hatch cover for closing off a hatch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009040376A DE102009040376B4 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2009-09-07 | Hatch cover for closing a hatch |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2292508A2 EP2292508A2 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
EP2292508A3 EP2292508A3 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
EP2292508B1 true EP2292508B1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
Family
ID=43365840
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10007546.4A Active EP2292508B1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-07-21 | Hatch cover for closing off a hatch |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2292508B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101514759B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009040376B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2536199T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2292508T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103373442B (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2016-08-24 | 江门市南洋船舶工程有限公司 | Marine cabin hangs the little hatchcover of thing mouth |
KR101682277B1 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-12-02 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Moon pool hatch and ship having the same |
RU2653651C2 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2018-05-11 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия имени Адмирала флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" | Hatch of underwater technical equipment |
DE102016014673A1 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2018-06-14 | Daimler Ag | Torque converter device, in particular for a drive train of a motor vehicle |
CN109911112A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | It is a kind of for fixing the sliding rail rack of deep-sea compressive cabin |
CN108045501B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2023-12-19 | 无锡海核装备科技有限公司 | Hatch cover with emergency unlocking device |
CN108791706B (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-08-13 | 中国船舶科学研究中心(中国船舶重工集团公司第七0二研究所) | A kind of manned underwater vehicle hatch board locking device |
CN111422304B (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2021-03-09 | 中国船舶科学研究中心(中国船舶重工集团公司第七0二研究所) | Auxiliary opening device for deep sea hatch cover and opening method thereof |
CN111532376B (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2022-02-01 | 上海海洋大学 | Hatch cover opening and closing mechanism of deep-sea manned submersible |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE177901C (en) * | ||||
US2603819A (en) * | 1950-06-21 | 1952-07-22 | Jr George W Lyons | Supporting means for hinged covers |
FR1250446A (en) * | 1959-08-10 | 1961-01-13 | Chantiers De Latlantique | Device for maneuvering hinged panels closing holds or tanks on board ships |
FR2538841B1 (en) * | 1983-01-05 | 1987-12-18 | Goiot Sa | IMPROVEMENT IN HATCH PANELS AND SIMILAR HORIZONTAL HINGED DOORS |
GB2414441B (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2009-05-13 | Alicia Submarines Llc | Submersible vessel having a pressure hull which includes a tensioned cage arrangement |
-
2009
- 2009-09-07 DE DE102009040376A patent/DE102009040376B4/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-07-21 ES ES10007546.4T patent/ES2536199T3/en active Active
- 2010-07-21 EP EP10007546.4A patent/EP2292508B1/en active Active
- 2010-07-21 PL PL10007546T patent/PL2292508T3/en unknown
- 2010-09-03 KR KR1020100086606A patent/KR101514759B1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102009040376B4 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
EP2292508A3 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
PL2292508T3 (en) | 2015-07-31 |
KR20140095587A (en) | 2014-08-04 |
KR101514759B1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
ES2536199T3 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
DE102009040376A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
EP2292508A2 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
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