KR20140095587A - Hatch cover for closing a hatch - Google Patents

Abstract

A hatch cover to cover a hatch, especially for a submarine hatch is provided. The hatch cover is designed to rotate by combining with the body of the submarine through at least one joint, and has a spring means. The spring means which is used to lessen the weight of the cover during the opening and closing of the hatch in consideration of a rotating position includes a different feature from other springs, and comprises at least two springs. This enables the hatch cover to be moved along the complete rotation course almost without force.

Description

{HATCH COVER FOR CLOSING A HATCH}

The present invention relates to a hatch cover for hatching, particularly for closing a hatch of a submarine, with the features described in the preamble of claim 1.

The hatch cover of the type mentioned above is typically intended to close the hatch in other areas such as the ship's deck or superstructure. In a naval vessel, a hatch cover is usually expected for a closed closure of the ship body, while in a submarine this performs a further function. Separately from the submarine torpedo tube, the vessel is the only exit from the ship through which people enter or leave the ship as well as the goods. In particular, the hatch at the submarine tower is usually open after each surface wake, and closed again after diving. Also, in case of a damaged ship, an emergency exit is formed for a diving exit. On the other hand, it must be able to be reliably closed in a pressure-tight manner, open as simple as possible and with less force.

It is already within the prior art to provide a cover-side spring assembly that at least partially compensates for the force of a weight when opening and closing a hatch cover in a hatch cover for a hatch of a submarine. The disadvantage of the known system, however, is that it is made of steel and the hatch covers which withstand the maximum submergence pressure are heavy, but additionally the cover is more difficult to open by the spring assembly due to its high weight when the sub is in any oblique position.

For this background, it is an object of the present invention to devise a hatch cover which can be opened and closed in a quick, simple and reliable manner without great effort. In a further form of the invention this should be possible even when the submarine has some oblique position.

According to the present invention, this object is achieved by the features set forth in claim 1. Advantageous inventive aspects of the present invention are described in detail in the dependent claims, the following description, and the drawings. Thereby, according to the present invention, the features described in the dependent claims and the detailed description themselves or in combination form the inventive solution according to claim 1.

A hatch cover according to the present invention, particularly a hatch cover for closing a submarine hatch, is pivotably coupled to the body of the submarine through at least one joint. The spring means for weight reduction during opening and closing includes at least two springs having different spring characteristics and designed to reduce the weight of the cover in consideration of its pivotal position.

The basic idea of the solution according to the invention is to simplify the opening and closing of the hatch cover in the correct position of the submarine for the first time, especially for full path opening or path closing by the dimensioning of the spring, . Since the weight of the greatest force must be overcome when lifting from the closed position, the spring is designed to exert maximum force at this position when the hatch cover is closed and essentially horizontally aligned with the hatch, Is reduced with decreasing force for opening and closing. This can be produced in an appropriate manner by the production of a suitable spring assembly of springs of other spring characteristics. How such a spring assembly is made is considered to belong to the state of the art. Although the weight force of the cover remains constant during the complete opening process, the weight distribution varies with position. In the horizontal pivotal position, almost full weight forces must be overcome for opening, whereas in the position pivoted by 90 [deg.], The full weight forces are coordinated by the pivot bearings and therefore no additional spring force is required, It will be overcome.

In essence, according to the present invention, the hatch cover is expected to be designed as light weight as possible to reduce the weight force. This can be done, for example, by a hatch cover made of titanium or a titanium alloy instead of a known steel. The weight of the spring means for weight relief can be reduced by only compensating for lower weight forces.

According to a particularly advantageous further aspect of the invention, a spring means for weight reduction is provided between the body of the submarine and the joint and is actively connected to the shaft via a crank drive, which shaft forms part of the joint And is connected to the hatch cover in such a manner that it is rotatably mounted on the submersible body and is rotatably fixed. In this arrangement, the spring means are successfully provided on the submarine side and therefore no additional load is applied to the cover with respect to the weight. In addition, this arrangement is significantly simpler and at the same time enables a more effective arrangement of the spring means, as it is possible to use a production space on a cover which is as flat and as practical as possible and also because of the large design freedom. The crank drive acting on the shaft can be arranged in a manner that saves space outside the body of the submarine or near the hatches inside the shell or casing and keeps the cover itself of little mechanical construction. Whereby the shaft simultaneously forms a pivot of the gear portion and the pivot joint for opening and closing the cover.

Advantageously, therefore, the spring means are advantageously provided not only for weight reduction during opening and closing of the hatch cover but also for damping the cover in order to avoid recoil when reaching an end pivot position, preferably an open end position ) Spring means are provided.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, spring means for weight reduction as well as spring means for damping are provided in a general, preferably cylinder housing, coupled to the submarine body. In this way it is advantageous that all spring means are provided in the housing. Optionally, there is also the possibility that the spring means are provided in separate housings or only one or the other spring means is encapsulated by the housing. In particular, such spring inflation in a spring means for weight reduction is advantageous because contamination of the spring assembly by seawater and the dust contained therein can be prevented. This ensures long-term reliable operation in spite of harsh environmental conditions, and operation that remains the same for expansion of force.

Spring means for weight relief or spring means for damping, preferably both acting on a rod which is guided longitudinally in the housing and which is connected to the crank drive at the joint side end. The spring means for compensation of the cover weight must be essentially effective at the beginning of opening and the spring means for damping must be essentially effective at the end of the opening and that one and the same mechanical component relating thereto, This can be fundamentally easily perceived for the technology because the force can be transmitted through it.

According to a further advantageous aspect of the invention, the housing is designed as a cylinder housing and the piston rod preferably comprises a piston which penetrates the housing at both ends and which can be moved inside. Whereby the spring means is provided to act on the piston and the spring means for damping preferably acts on one side of the piston and the spring means for weight relief acts on the other side of the piston. The simple design and good guidance for the design is due to the fact that the piston rod is drawn to both ends of the housing.

Advantageously, therefore, the housing is closed in a pressure-tight manner and comprises two conduit connections for pressure impingement of the piston from one side and the other side. In this way the piston-cylinder arrangement forms a dual-acting moving cylinder and has the advantage of being capable of additional hydraulic or pneumatic actuation for opening and closing the hatch cover independently of the manual operability of the hatch cover for opening and closing . Thus, on the one hand, the housing is combined with the piston to form a double-acting transfer cylinder and on the other hand a housing for the spring means. Thus, the housing has the dual function of forming a part of the moving cylinder, on the one hand, and firmly housing the spring means, on the other hand. A simple but at the same time very compact configuration results from this.

The spring means for weight reduction are advantageously formed by two or more helical springs which are coaxially arranged and connected to one another in parallel. Advantageously, therefore, the helical springs have different lengths, for example two or more biased springs are first effective for force upon opening. If a lower spring force is required for relaxation in the subsequent opening of the cover due to the decreasing sharing of the weight force, then one of the springs is no longer valid for the force after the maximum travel path is reached and only additional springs are still valid Do. Such spring assemblies may be made of two, three or more springs with different spring characteristics and may be connected in series and / or in parallel in any suitable manner. Advantageously, therefore, the springs are designed as helical springs which are coaxially aligned with one another and are connected in parallel, which permits a particularly compact manufacturing method.

Significant weight reduction during opening and closing of the hatch cover at an oblique position of the submarine, in particular when subjected to damage, can be achieved further by a cover made of light weight metal, preferably titanium or titanium alloy, have.

According to the present invention, there is provided a hatch cover which can be opened and closed in a quick, simple and reliable manner without applying great force.

Figure 1 is a simplified illustration showing a closed hatch cover at the tower of a submarine,
Fig. 2 is a view showing a hatch cover in a semi-open position in Fig. 1,
FIG. 3 is a view showing a hatch cover of a fully opened condition in FIG. 1,
4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cylinder housing housing the springs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following, the invention is explained in more detail by means of an embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a simplified view showing a closed hatch cover in a submarine tower, FIG. 2 is a view showing a hatch cover in a half open position in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a view showing a hatch cover in a fully opened condition in FIG. And Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cylinder housing housing the springs.

In the known manner, a submarine not shown in detail in the drawing is made up of a tower 1 located at the top of the tower 1, i.e. a tower 1 in which the hatch 2 can be closed by the hatch cover 3. The tower hatch 2 is closed in a pressure-tight manner when the hatch cover 3 is closed (Fig. 1).

A locking device is first operated to open the hatch cover 3 from the inside as well as from the inside, and a lug mounting ring, in which a projection mounted on the cover 3 is formed, From the outside, a bayonet-like positive fit connection is rotated between the rings, which are rotated by the hand-wheel 5 and which are formed by the protrusions and the corresponding inner peripheries of the tower hatches 2, do. The hatch cover 3 can then be pivoted about the pivot axis 6 from a closed position (Fig. 1) to an open position (Fig. 3 end position). This can be done in particular by pushing the handwheel 4 and pulling it from the inside or by pulling the handwheel 5 and exerting a passive force from the outside. The full weight of the cover 3 is lifted from the closed position shown in Fig. However, the exerted weight decreases with increasing opening position, because part of the weight is coordinated by the bearing of the tower 1 cover 3 shown in Fig. 3 of the pivot axis 6.

The spring assembly 7 is provided to compensate for such a weighting force of the hatch cover 3 acting on the operator and varying with the pivoting position, which spring assembly is provided in the spring housing 8 in the form of a cylinder housing. The spring housing 8 is attached to the side surface of the tower 1 as shown in Figs. 1 to 3, and is slightly inclined with respect to the tower axis. The spring assemblies of the helical springs 9, 10 and 11 provided coaxially with each other are provided in the spring housing 8 and are arranged in the cylinder housing 8 and the piston 12 guided movably in the longitudinal direction in the spring Is effective between the one side and the axial abutment in the housing (8). The springs 9, 10, 11 are provided coaxially with each other by spring holders 25, The piston (12) is seated on the piston rod (13) passing through the cylinder housing (8) in a sealed manner on both sides.

The piston rod 13 forms part of a push-crank drive, the configuration of which is shown in Figs. The piston rod 13 is connected through a joint 14 to a lever 15 connected to one end of the crank 17 through a joint 16 and is connected to the shaft 15 in such a manner that the other end of the crank 17 is rotatably fixed. And the shaft is connected to the articulation rod of the hatch cover 3 so as to be rotatably fixed so that the cover 3 is rotatably mounted on the tower 1. The shaft 18 rotates about the axis 6 and thus forms part of the joint so that the hatch cover 3 is coupled to the tower 1. [

1 to 3, the piston rod 13 is moved from the upper side to the cover position closed from FIG. 1 to the cover position fully opened in FIG. 3 from the upper side by the cylinder and the spring housing 8. Whereby the piston 12 moves in the direction 20 in the cylinder housing.

In the closed cover (Fig. 1), the spiral springs 9, 10 and 11 are biased as is clear from the sectional view of Fig. In this position, the maximum spring force of all three biased spiral springs 9, 10 and 11, in particular, acts on the piston 12. The springs 9,10 and 11 are designed to exert force in this closed position of the hatch cover 3 through the piston 12 and the piston rod 13 connected thereto and the force acts in the direction 20 A moment is created in the shaft 18 which compensates for the force acting on the joint rod 19 due to the weight force of the hatch cover 3 so that the cover 3 is compensated for the weight force and is substantially lifted without significant force . As the movement path of the piston 12 or the piston rod 13 in the direction 20 is increased, the inner spiral spring 11 first reaches the end of the extension path. Then, it is the springs 9 and 10 that continue to be effective. On further travel in the direction 20, when the hatch cover 3 is rotated beyond the open position in FIG. 2, the intermediate spiral spring 10 eventually reaches the end of the spring path and becomes ineffective. The outer spring 9 is formed so as not to exert any additional force on the piston 12 when it reaches the open position of the cover (Fig. 3). As shown in Fig. 4, the spiral springs 9, 10 and 11 have different spring characteristics, are aligned with each other and are connected in parallel so that the compensation of the weight force applied to the turning position when the hatch cover 3 is opened and closed is always So that the cover 3 can be opened and closed with a small force.

The cylinder housing 8 and the helical springs 9,10 and 11 provided at the top of the spring are provided for the weight reduction of the cover 3 while the additional springs 21,22 and 23 are provided at the bottom of the spring housing It is designed as a conical spring and functions solely for damping. The conical springs 21 to 23 are at the bottom in Fig. 4 and are supported on the end side of the spring housing 8 and are located on the lower side of the piston 12 when the hatch cover 3 is rotated to the open position shown in Fig. Which damps the gently soft cover in an increasing manner as the spring path increases. The springs 21 to 23 are arranged coaxially with each other by the spring holders 27 and 28.

The piston rod 13 is hermetically sealed with respect to the housing 8 via two seals 24 in each case on both sides of the housing 8 and is provided with springs 9 to 11 and 21 to 23 located therein, The interior of the housing with the piston 12 and the spring holders 25-28 sealed against the wall is closed closed and thus is prevented from penetrating by the seawater.

The conduit connection portions (not shown in FIG. 4) are provided in the cylinder housing 8 close to the upper and lower ends, through which pressure may be applied to one side or the other side of the piston 12. Whereby the piston 12 can be moved in the cylinder housing 8 by suitable pressure of one side or the other with hydraulic or pneumatic pressure according to design in the manner of a moving cylinder so that the hatch The cover 3 may also be opened or closed by hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure. This is particularly useful when the submarine is damaged by the springs 9 to 11 with a tapered position where the weight relief of the cover is only partially effective.

1: Tower 2: Tower hatch, hatch
3: Hatch cover 4: Hand-wheel (inside)
5: Hand-wheel (outside) 6: Pivot axis
7: Spring assembly
8: Spring housing, cylinder housing
9: Spiral spring (outer) 10: Spiral spring (middle)
11: helical spring (inside) 12: piston
13: Piston rod
14: Joint between piston rod and lever
15: Lever
16: Joint between lever and crank
17: crank 18: shaft
19: joint rod of hatch cover (3)
20:
21, 22 and 23: Conical spring
24: Sealing part 25: Spring holder
26: spring holder 27: spring holder
28: spring holder

Claims (12)

(9-11) for weight reduction during opening and closing, and the spring means (9-11) for reducing the weight have different spring characteristics, so that the weight of the cover (3) is reduced in consideration of the rotating position And at least two springs (9; 10; 11) connected thereto,
A hatch cover for closing a hatch (2), especially a hatch (2) of a submarine, which is rotatably coupled to a body (1) of a submarine via at least one joint. The method according to claim 1,
Spring means 9-11 for weight relief are provided between the joint and the body 1 of the submarine and form part of the joint and are rotatably mounted on the body 1 of the submarine and are mounted in a rotatably fixed manner Is actively connected via a crank drive (14-17) to a shaft (18) connected to the hatch cover (3). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Characterized in that spring means are provided for damping the cover (3) when reaching the end pivot position, preferably the open position (Figure 3). 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Characterized in that the spring means (9-11) for weight relief and / or the spring means (21-23) for damping are provided in a general, preferably cylinder housing, coupled to the submarine body (1). 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Spring means 9-11 for weight relief and / or spring means 21-23 for damping are guided in a longitudinally movable manner in the housing, and at the joint side end to the crank drive 14-17 And acts on the connected rod (13). 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The housing 8 is a cylinder housing 8 in which the piston rod 13 preferably passes through the housing 8 at both ends and has a piston 12 movably provided therein. . 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Characterized in that the housing (8) is closed in a pressure-tight manner and comprises at least two conduit connections for the pressurization of the piston (12) from one side or the other. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Characterized in that the spring means (9-11) for weight reduction are effective on one side of the piston (12) and the spring means (21-23) for damping are effective on the other side of the piston (12). 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Characterized in that the spring means (9-11) for weight reduction comprises two or more helical springs (9-11) arranged coaxially and connected in parallel with each other. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
Characterized in that at least one helical spring (10; 11) is effective for part of the travel path of the piston (12). 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
Characterized in that the hatch cover (3) is made of a light metal, preferably a titanium or titanium alloy. A submarine comprising a hatch cover (3) according to any one of the preceding claims.

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