EP2284805B1 - Datenträger mit einer optisch variablen Struktur - Google Patents

Datenträger mit einer optisch variablen Struktur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2284805B1
EP2284805B1 EP10172219.7A EP10172219A EP2284805B1 EP 2284805 B1 EP2284805 B1 EP 2284805B1 EP 10172219 A EP10172219 A EP 10172219A EP 2284805 B1 EP2284805 B1 EP 2284805B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
embossed
elements
security element
element according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10172219.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2284805A2 (de
EP2284805A3 (de
Inventor
Astrid Heine
Roger Adamczyk
Christof Baldus
Karlheinz Mayer
Peter Franz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Publication date
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Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Publication of EP2284805A2 publication Critical patent/EP2284805A2/de
Publication of EP2284805A3 publication Critical patent/EP2284805A3/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/41—Marking using electromagnetic radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/373—Metallic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/003—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements
    • B42D2033/24—

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a data carrier with an optically variable structure that has an embossed structure and a coating that contrasts with the surface of the data carrier, the embossed structure and the coating being combined in such a way that at least parts of the coating are completely visible when viewed perpendicularly, but are covered when viewed at an angle and a first item of information can be seen from at least one predetermined viewing angle, which information is not visible or can only be seen very faintly when viewed perpendicularly.
  • optically variable security elements To protect against imitation, especially with color copiers or other reproduction methods, data carriers such as banknotes, securities, credit or identity cards, passports, certificates and the like, labels, packaging or other elements for product security are equipped with optically variable security elements. Protection against counterfeiting is based on the fact that the optically variable effect, which can be easily and clearly recognized visually, is not reproduced or only insufficiently reproduced by the above-mentioned reproduction devices.
  • a bank note which is provided with a parallel line print pattern in a partial area of its surface.
  • a line structure is additionally embossed into the data carrier in the area of this line print pattern, so that flanks are created which are only visible from certain viewing angles.
  • these lines are visible when the flanks provided with the lines are viewed obliquely, but the line pattern is not recognizable when the rear flanks are viewed obliquely. If phase jumps are provided in the line grid or in the embossed grid in partial areas of the embossed surface, information can be displayed, which are either only recognizable from the first oblique viewing angle or only from the second viewing angle.
  • U.S. 6,176,521 discloses an optically variable structure having an embossed structure in the form of lines or dots and a colored coating.
  • the colored coating shows variations of color sequences, so that different color impressions arise from different viewing angles. By arranging the color sequences differently, different color fields can be formed, for example to create a motif.
  • the object of the present invention consists in improving an optically variable security element with regard to its security against forgery and with regard to its visual verifiability.
  • the optically variable structure consists of a coating and an embossed structure superimposed on this coating.
  • the embossed structure has non-linear embossed elements that are combined with the coating in such a way that different information becomes visible when the viewing direction changes.
  • the non-linear embossed elements are characterized in particular by at least three flanks, with these flanks having dimensions that enable the shading effect according to the invention. In other words, the flanks must be dimensioned in such a way that an item of information lying behind this flank is at least partially concealed for an observer who is looking at such a flank.
  • flanks of the non-linear embossing elements form flat or curved surfaces that either merge continuously such as in the case of lateral surfaces of rotationally symmetrical three-dimensional shapes (e.g. spherical segments, truncated cones) or meet at a certain angle, such as in the case of polygonal three-dimensional shapes (e.g. pyramids, tetrahedrons).
  • rotationally symmetrical three-dimensional shapes e.g. spherical segments, truncated cones
  • polygonal three-dimensional shapes e.g. pyramids, tetrahedrons
  • the non-linear embossed elements can have flanks of flat and/or curved surfaces, in particular the embossed elements can, for example, be in the form of n-sided pyramids, tetrahedrons, truncated pyramids, sections of cylinders, cones, conic sections, paraboloids, polyhedrons, cuboids, prisms, sections of spheres, sections of spheres, segments of spheres, Have hemispheres, barrel bodies or tori.
  • the non-linear embossed elements can also be designed as a so-called divided torus, the torus being divided parallel to the plane in which the large radius of the torus lies. Embossed elements in the form of spherical sections or three- or four-sided pyramids are particularly preferably used.
  • the non-linear embossed elements can preferably be detected tactilely.
  • the non-linear embossed elements according to the invention also have the advantage that more than two items of information can be easily accommodated in the optically variable element, which are visible from different viewing angles, since the non-linear embossed elements have several flanks on which the information or parts of the Information can be arranged in a targeted and separate manner.
  • non-linear embossed elements in the form of a pyramid or truncated cone with steeper flanks provide a more contrasting effect during a tilting movement as e.g. B. non-linear embossed elements in the form of flattened spherical segments with the same embossing height.
  • An embossing structure with embossing elements that taper to a point at the top usually shows a different appearance of the same information than one with nubs that are flattened at the top and form plateaus, for example.
  • pyramidal, spherical segment-shaped or hemispherical embossed elements are preferably used for the invention.
  • the non-linear embossed elements can be arranged in any way relative to one another in order to create a specific embossed structure. At least part of the embossed structure can consist of non-linear embossed elements arranged in a grid pattern. The non-linear embossed elements form the grid points.
  • halftone dots should be understood in the manner known in the printing art.
  • the grid points have a two-dimensional extent in the substrate plane and are not point-like in the mathematical sense.
  • the analogy used is between the point size (or areal extent) of the grid points and the base area of the non-linear embossing elements in the data carrier plane.
  • the base area of the non-linear embossed elements in the data carrier plane is actually a projection of the embossed element geometry in the data carrier plane.
  • Grid points can accordingly be arranged in a constant periodic grid, in which an arrangement with the same point spacing, the same point size and constant understand dot shape over the entire grid.
  • the possibility of varying the point size creates what is known as an amplitude-modulated periodic screen.
  • a structure that has raster dots with variable dot spacing from one another, variable dot size and constant dot shape is referred to as a second-order non-periodic raster. It has been shown that an embossed structure suitable for the invention can also be produced analogously.
  • a raster is also conceivable in which all three parameters may be varied and which is called a third-order non-periodic raster.
  • An analogous design and arrangement of the non-linear embossed structures is also conceivable.
  • the coating of the optically variable structure can be a metal layer, a metal effect layer or an optically variable layer, which is present over the entire surface or in a structured manner on the object to be protected.
  • the coating can also be any desired, preferably printed, geometric pattern.
  • the coating can be formed from basic pattern elements of different colors, such as lines, triangles, etc. These pattern primitives can be randomized but the dimensions are selected in such a way that the viewer perceives the coating as a homogeneous colored surface.
  • the basic pattern elements can also have at least one colored area, geometric patterns, alphanumeric characters or any image motifs.
  • the different colored areas and/or information of the basic pattern element are preferably arranged on different flanks of the non-linear embossed element, so that the individual colored areas and/or information become visible from different viewing angles.
  • the basic pattern elements can also be part of any printed image, such as a guilloche pattern or an image motif.
  • the pattern primitives may form crossing points of the guilloche lines.
  • the basic pattern element here consists of intersecting, differently colored line sections, the length of which is ultimately determined by the non-linear embossed element arranged in this area.
  • the basic pattern elements form the raster points of a preferably printed raster.
  • embossed structures and coating are therefore in the form of a grid.
  • the raster elements of the coating are formed by basic pattern elements, each of which has three individual elements in the colors red, green and blue.
  • the individual elements have the shape of triangles or circle segments.
  • the grid elements of the embossed structure are in the form of three-sided pyramids, which form the non-linear embossed elements.
  • a basic pattern element is assigned to each pyramid, the differently colored individual elements of the basic pattern element being arranged on different flanks of the pyramid and the individual color components of the basic pattern element being arranged on the flanks of the same orientation.
  • the individual elements of the basic pattern element are of the same size and all basic pattern elements of the coating have the same structure, so that the coating appears almost white when the optically variable structure is viewed perpendicularly.
  • this optically variable structure When this optically variable structure is rotated and/or tilted, the proportions of the basic pattern elements that are arranged on the flanks of the pyramids facing away from the viewer are covered. Since these parts no longer contribute to the color impression of the coating, the observer perceives a color that differs from white. In the ideal case, the observer only looks at the flanks of a color, so that the perceived color impression changes from red to blue or green. Since the transitions are rather fluid depending on the viewing angle, the viewer perceives a rainbow effect. This interplay of colors can be easily recognized by the observer without any additional aids and therefore forms an authenticity feature that can be checked easily. At the same time, such a security element can only be imitated with great effort due to the embossed structures used and the necessary registration between the coating and the embossed structure. It therefore offers a high level of protection against counterfeiting.
  • special optical effects can be achieved by varying the shape of the non-linear embossed elements, the design of the coating, variations in the arrangement of the non-linear embossed elements and/or the coating and the choice of color for the coating.
  • additional information can be generated, for example, by varying the coating, e.g. by omitting individual raster elements or by varying the shape of the raster elements.
  • the coating grid remains the same and the grid of the embossed structure is varied.
  • the non-linear embossed elements can be offset relative to the surroundings.
  • Another possibility is to continuously vary the distances between the non-linear embossed elements, i.e. the grid width of the embossed structure, so that a beating occurs with respect to the coating grid.
  • individual non-linear embossed elements may be missing or the shape of the non-linear embossed elements may vary.
  • the combination of a basic pattern element and a non-linear embossing element is referred to below as a "structural element".
  • a structural element In the example described above, the combination of a pyramid and a three-colored basic pattern element thus forms the structural element.
  • the basic pattern element of the structural element can have, for example, only one colored area which is arranged on one of the flanks of the non-linear embossed element.
  • the remaining flanks of the non-linear embossed element show the color of the embossed background, for example the white color of a security.
  • the security element is tilted and/or rotated, the viewer perceives an interplay between different brightness levels of the color used. From certain viewing angles the viewer may only perceive the color impression caused by the unprinted paper.
  • structural elements of this type according to the invention can also be designed in an arbitrarily complex and complex manner, as a result of which protection against counterfeiting is increased.
  • the structural elements can be designed and arranged in such a way that no information can be seen in reflected light and the information only emerges from certain viewing angles.
  • the coating can be monochromatic, so that all recognizable information has the same color. However, a mixed color can also be seen when viewed perpendicularly. On the other hand, if you look at it from an angle, you can see different information in different colors.
  • the structure elements can also be designed in such a way that when the optically variable structure is viewed perpendicularly, a multi-colored image motif can be seen, the visual impression of which, however, varies when the viewing angle changes. This variation ranges from a pure color change to a change in the displayed image information.
  • the structural elements correspond to the pixels of a multicolored image motif, to which specific color components of a primary color system are assigned.
  • the color components assigned to the respective pixel form the basic pattern element, which is combined with a suitable non-linear embossed element.
  • the total area assigned to the basic pattern element is preferably subdivided into areas that are covered with the respective colors of the primary color system.
  • the color impression of the basic pattern element results from the size of the areas covered with the respective colors. These areas can be directly adjacent to each other or also overlapping be. Also, the solids do not have to fill the entire area of the pattern primitive. In this case, the color impression of the basic pattern element is also determined by the color of the background.
  • the primary color system cyan, magenta and yellow is used, three color areas are provided in the total area provided for the basic pattern element, which are arranged in such a way that one color area comes to lie on a flank of the non-linear embossing element used.
  • individual color components of the image information are covered by the non-linear embossed elements, so that the image information appears in a mixed color of the color areas of the basic pattern elements lying in the viewing direction.
  • the non-linear embossed element is designed as a segment of a sphere, for example, then the three colored areas of cyan, magenta and yellow, which are preferably of different sizes, lie on the round lateral surface of the embossed element.
  • the structural element consists of an embossed element in the form of a segment of a sphere, on the lateral surface of which different colored areas of cyan, magenta and yellow are arranged so that when the structural element is rotated about its axis of symmetry, the different colors become visible one after the other.
  • the size of the colored areas must vary from structural element to structural element.
  • Primary colors do not necessarily have to be used for the colored areas; instead, any desired color system depending on the desired effect can be used.
  • interesting optically variable structures within the meaning of the invention can also be produced with less ordered configurations in which the repeat of the basic pattern elements and the repetition frequency of the embossed structure are not the same or there is no repeat at all.
  • the coating can have differently colored geometric structures as a basic pattern element, which, however, are arranged in an unordered, random manner.
  • the dimensions of the non-linear embossed elements are designed in such a way that they produce a tactile structure that is easily perceptible to humans.
  • the tactilely perceptible, optically variable structure offers additional protection against imitation through color photocopying or scanning of the data carrier.
  • the optically variable structure can have additional information that is created by varying the coating and/or the embossed structure.
  • the additional information can be created by varying the shape, size or height of the non-linear embossed elements.
  • a variation of the arrangement of the non-linear embossed elements such as an offset in some areas or a change in the screen width in some areas or the omission of one or more non-linear embossed elements, is also conceivable. If the coating is varied in the area of an item of information, this can be caused, for example, by a variation in the shape or the color of the coating.
  • a variation of the arrangement of the coating is of course also possible here, such as an offset, a change in the screen width, mirroring or the omission of one or more basic pattern elements.
  • the embossed structure can also be subdivided into partial areas in which different partial embossed structures are arranged.
  • the partial embossed structures are preferably arranged offset in at least two partial areas bordering one another by a fraction, in particular a third of the screen width. Parts of the partial embossed structures can also have an unembossed edge contour for better recognition.
  • optically variable structure forms a security element that is difficult to imitate and can be arranged directly on any data carrier.
  • the optically variable structure can also be part of a security element which, in addition to the optically variable structure, has further security features.
  • the security element can have, for example, in the area of the optically variable structure, a further colored layer which is preferably translucent and which is arranged congruently with the raised areas of the embossed structure.
  • a further colored layer which is preferably translucent and which is arranged congruently with the raised areas of the embossed structure.
  • the security element can have further layers or authenticity features, such as a metallic layer, an additional translucent, optically variable layer or a film element.
  • Such layers or elements can be overlaid or underlaid on the optically variable structure.
  • the optically variable structure according to the invention or the security element according to the invention is preferably applied to data carriers such as security and valuable documents such as banknotes, shares, bonds, certificates, vouchers, credit or identity cards, passports or the like.
  • data carriers such as security and valuable documents such as banknotes, shares, bonds, certificates, vouchers, credit or identity cards, passports or the like.
  • the optically variable structure or the security element according to the invention can also be used very advantageously in the field of product protection.
  • the optically variable structure or the security element can be applied to corresponding labels or packaging or to the goods themselves.
  • paper is used as the data carrier material
  • cotton vellum papers, paper-like materials consisting of plastic foils, paper coated or laminated with plastic foils or multi-layer composite materials are particularly suitable.
  • any desired substrate is preferably used first for the production of the security element according to the invention or the optically variable structure provided with the coating and then produces the embossed structure in register with this coating. In principle, however, it is also possible to provide the method steps in reverse order.
  • the coating is preferably printed on or transferred to the substrate using the thermal transfer method.
  • the coating can be produced in any printing process, such as planographic printing, e.g. offset printing, letterpress printing, e.g. letterpress or flexographic printing, screen printing, gravure printing, e.g. intaglio printing or intaglio printing, or in a thermographic process.
  • the embossing structure is preferably produced by means of an embossing tool, which can be an intaglio printing plate, for example.
  • the embossing is created as a blind embossing using an intaglio printing plate that does not carry ink.
  • the embossed structure can also be produced in ink-carrying intaglio printing. This production variant is particularly suitable for the embodiments in which a further colored layer is provided congruently with the embossed structure.
  • a plate surface is milled with an engraving tool or a laser, for example. Any material such as copper, steel, nickel or the like can be used as the plate surface.
  • the engraving tool used for the milling preferably has a flank angle of approximately 40° and a rounded tip that approximates a segment or sector of a sphere.
  • the embossing tool can be milled as a single panel or already as a multiple panel.
  • the sequence of the two process steps can be freely selected.
  • the coating is applied first and then embossed.
  • the height of the relief and the shape of the embossing are thus spared from other influences that occur, for example, in a subsequent printing process.
  • embossing first and then applying the coating offers the advantage of higher color brilliance and a sharper contoured imprint. This effect is due to the fact that the substrate is simultaneously calendered during the embossing process, giving it a smoother, less absorbent surface.
  • the 1 shows a data carrier 1 according to the invention in the form of a bank note with an optically variable structure 3, which is placed in the printed image area 2 of the data carrier 1 and in the non-printed area.
  • the optically variable structure 3 is used as a so-called human feature, ie as a feature that can be checked by humans without tools, in addition to other features, if any, for determining the authenticity of the data carrier used.
  • the provision of such features is particularly useful for banknotes, but also for other monetary documents such as stocks, checks and the like. Labels, passports or cards can also be used as data carriers within the meaning of the invention. B. to identify people or goods or to carry out transactions or services.
  • the optically variable structure 3 can have a different construction, combined with the resulting different effects from different viewing directions.
  • the optically variable structure 3 consists of a single or multicolored coating contrasting with the surface of the data carrier, such as a pattern, image or alphanumeric information, which is produced by printing or in some other way, such as by means of a transfer process.
  • the effects according to the invention that can be used for checking authenticity are produced by the embossed structure interacting with the coating, depending on the design of the coating and embossed structure and their association with one another.
  • the embodiments described in the following examples have been reduced to the essential core information.
  • much more complex patterns or images in single or multi-color printing can be used as a coating.
  • the information presented in the following examples can also be replaced by any amount of complex image or text information.
  • the production of the coating e.g. as an overprint, usually uses the possibilities of printing technology. Typical diameters of pattern elements from approx. 10 ⁇ m are used.
  • the non-linear embossed elements that form the embossed structure generally have an embossing height in the range from 20 to 250 ⁇ m and preferably a diameter in the range from 40 to 1000 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view along the line AA (s. 1 ) and in connection with the Figures 3, 4 and 5 an optically variable structure, in which the embossed structure 4 is formed by regularly arranged, uniform, non-linear embossed elements 5, ie is designed as a periodic grid.
  • the non-linear embossed elements 5 are provided with a coating 7 which is in the form of a multicolored pattern whose individual colored areas lie on the flanks of the non-linear embossed elements.
  • non-linear embossed elements 5 as elevations which are preferably produced by embossing the data carrier, can be clearly seen in the sectional view on the upper side of the data carrier. If the data carrier is mechanically deformed with an embossing tool, the underside of the data carrier material shows the negative deformation. The deformation is shown only schematically here. The back of the data carrier will generally not have such a pronounced and preformed embossing. In the following, only the upper or front side of the data carrier, which is essential for understanding the invention, is considered. The deformation of the bottom or back is not essential to the invention, but merely a side effect of special embossing techniques, such as intaglio printing. However, it can serve as a further authenticity feature.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 show a section of the individual components of the optically variable structure 3 in a top view.
  • a dashed square grid 6 has been drawn in both figures in order to make orientation easier for the viewer.
  • the pattern repeat of the coating 7 and the repetition frequency of the embossed structure 4 coincide in this example with a side length X of the square grid 6.
  • the non-linear embossed elements 5 in the example shown have the shape of spherical sections.
  • the coating 7 is shown as a pattern of repeating circular areas 8 and squares 9, all circular areas 8 having a first color, e.g. B. cyan, and all squares 9 a second color, z. e.g. magenta.
  • a circular area 8 and a square 9 each are assigned to a spherical section, ie a non-linear embossed element 5, and form the basic pattern elements according to the invention.
  • a cyan-colored circular area 8 and a magenta-colored square colored area 9 come to rest on each non-linear embossed element 5 .
  • the circular area 8 and the square 9 lie diagonally opposite one another.
  • the figure 5 shows a perspective view of the interaction in the Figures 3 and 4 components of the optically variable structure 3 shown.
  • a horizontal row of structural elements 10 has been shown.
  • magenta-colored squares 9 can be seen in the selected viewing direction, which thus characterize the color impression of the optically variable structure 3 from this viewing direction.
  • mixed colors between cyan and magenta with different mixing ratios become visible to the viewer, as well as pure magenta, the latter example from one of the position of the viewer according to figure 5 opposite position. The viewer thus perceives a color change game.
  • the optically variable structure 3 appears uniformly largely homogeneous in the mixed color of cyan and magenta.
  • the principle described above can also be used for more complicated image information.
  • two or more images are broken down into individual pixels, which are arranged in such a way that the pixels belonging to an image come to lie on the flanks of the same orientation.
  • the individual images When viewed perpendicularly, depending on the design, only a uniformly colored area or an overall piece of information can be seen. When viewed from an angle, the individual images become visible.
  • the embossed structure 4 can have embossed elements of any other geometric shape, with a special characteristic of the effect being achieved in each case.
  • embossed elements in the form of a pyramid or truncated cone with steeper flanks provide a higher-contrast effect during a tilting movement than e.g. B.
  • Embossing elements in the form of flattened spherical sections with the same embossing height are examples of embossed elements in the form of flattened spherical sections with the same embossing height.
  • a selection of possible geometries of the non-linear embossed elements show the 6 (a,b) to 13(a,b).
  • the Figures 6a to 13a show a perspective view and the Figures 6b to 13b a plan view of various non-linear embossing elements according to the invention.
  • non-linear embossing elements in the form of spherical sections with a diameter in the range from 40 to 1000 ⁇ m, in particular from 100 to 600 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 470 to 530 ⁇ m, have proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • the embossing height is in the range from 20 to 250 ⁇ m, in particular in the range from 50 to 120 ⁇ m.
  • oval embossing elements in terms of width and embossing height, while lengths of up to 2 cm have been successfully used.
  • embossing element shapes and dimensions can be particularly advantageous.
  • the advantageous ranges of values can be far removed from the values determined for security paper.
  • the non-linear embossed elements are preferably produced by mechanically deforming the data carrier material.
  • an embossing tool according to the invention is used, which is produced with an engraving tool according to the invention. So far, an engraving graver has proven to be particularly suitable in which the tip has been adapted to the special requirements by flattening the tip.
  • This adapted engraving tool preferably has a flank angle of approximately 40°.
  • embossing element geometries that can be produced depend on the engraving tool used. For example, if you choose laser engraving as the method for manufacturing the embossing tool instead of an engraving tool embossing element geometries can also be produced with side faces perpendicular to the data carrier plane. For example, cylindrical embossing elements can be created using laser engraving.
  • FIG. 14 shows another embodiment of the embossed structure 4 according to the invention in a top view, in which the non-linear embossed elements 11 consist of four-sided pyramids.
  • 15 shows the associated coating 7 according to the invention in a top view. It consists of regularly arranged rectangles 12, 13 of different colors. Two differently colored rectangles 12, 13 each form a basic pattern element and belong to a structural element 10 and are arranged in such a way that they are arranged on opposite flanks of the pyramid-shaped embossed elements 11.
  • 16 shows the perspective view of a row of structural elements 10, in each of which the rectangle 12 can be seen.
  • the optically variable structure 3 has four different images, each of which can be seen from the viewing directions marked with the arrows 1, 2, 3, 4.
  • the associated embossed structure consists of four-sided pyramids 11.
  • the inventive Coating 7 consists of basic pattern elements with a basically identical structure.
  • a basic pattern element is composed of four triangles, with an image portion of one of the four images being arranged in each of the triangles.
  • the triangle labeled "1" corresponds to the image seen in gaze 1, the triangle "2" to the image seen in gaze 2, and so on.
  • image information can be recognizable under certain circumstances, but this is different from the images recognizable from the different viewing directions.
  • the special design of the coating and/or the embossing structure can additionally introduce information into the optically variable structure 3 which is not or only very faintly visible in a viewing direction perpendicular to the data carrier plane, but which is easily accessible to an observer when viewed at an angle. This information cannot be reproduced with conventional reproduction techniques and thus increases the counterfeit security of a data carrier equipped in this way.
  • Example 4 describes the inventive introduction of such information 14 in the optically variable structure 3 by varying the coating 7.
  • the starting point is the coating 7 according to Example 1, with the arrangement of the circles 8 and rectangles 9 being changed for individual structural elements 10 .
  • this information area is identified by the solid border 14.
  • the circles 8 and the rectangles 9 have been interchanged.
  • the 19 shows again the periodic embossed structure 4 with embossed elements 5 in the form of spherical sections.
  • any number of structural elements modified in this way can be displayed in any desired form by means of a corresponding configuration and arrangement.
  • letters, company logos, control numbers or decorative elements can be incorporated as information.
  • the coating in the area of individual structural elements can also be missing completely or be replaced by any pattern or information that contrasts with the surroundings.
  • This example shows the introduction of information by varying the embossed structure.
  • embossed structure 4 in top view, which consists of different non-linear embossed elements 5, 15.
  • the largest part of the embossed structure 4 consists of embossed elements 5 in the form of spherical sections, as already shown in Example 1.
  • the embossed elements 15 are in the form of spherical segments.
  • the 24 shows a further alternative for generating information 16 by varying the embossing element geometries used.
  • spherical sections 5, 17 of different heights are used as embossing elements.
  • the coating 7 corresponds to that in 21 illustrated.
  • the embossing structure is also analogous to that in 22 shown constructed. Only the in 22 spherical segments shown in the area of information 16 are replaced by spherical segments whose height is smaller than that of the surrounding spherical segments 5.
  • a further possibility of forming information 16 by varying the embossed structure 4 is shown in 26 shown.
  • Oval embossed elements 18 are used here.
  • the length L of these oval embossed elements 18 is twice that of the embossed elements 5 arranged outside of the area 16. Accordingly, the structural elements 19 in the information area 16 also have twice the length L in this embodiment, even if the periodicity of the coating 7 over the entire optically variable structure remains the same. In the case of security paper, the length L can be up to 2 cm.
  • the substrates used there e.g. B. plastic films, cardboard or paper with properties that differ greatly from security paper
  • completely different embossing element geometries prove to be advantageous, in particular significantly longer oval embossing elements are conceivable.
  • patterns with a higher number of colors are also widely used, which are produced, for example, in 8-color printing.
  • the embossed structure 4 of the 25 Coating 7 shown superimposed. 27 shows the middle row of the structural elements 10, 19 produced by the superimposition in a perspective view.
  • the structural elements 19 forming the information area 16 consist of oval embossed elements on which two magenta-colored squares 9 and two cyan-colored circles 8 (not shown in the figure) are arranged. Due to the special shape of the embossed elements 18, the orientation of the squares 9 changes with respect to the viewing direction. The viewer perceives this change as a color contrast to the surroundings and the information 16 is thus recognizable to him.
  • information is generated by offsetting the non-linear embossed elements.
  • the coating 7 is identical to the coating explained in Example 1 and consists of basic pattern elements, each containing a colored square 9 and a colored circle 8 .
  • the embossed structure consists of embossed elements 5 in the form of spherical sections.
  • the basic pattern elements are shown in a square grid 6 with dashed lines.
  • This grid 6 corresponds to the repeat of the basic pattern elements.
  • the embossed elements 5 have the same repeat as the basic pattern elements and are arranged in such a way that both all circles 8 and all squares come to rest on the flanks of the embossed elements 5.
  • the embossed elements 5 are additionally offset downwards by the distance b.
  • FIG 29 shows a perspective view of a number of structural elements according to FIG 28 from the viewing direction BE.
  • Column labels A, B, C, D are also shown for clarity.
  • the observer perceives the squares 9 in the area of the structural elements belonging to column A.
  • the circles 8 that are not arranged on a flank of the embossed element 5 also contribute to the color impression of the structural element.
  • the square 9 is located on the side of the embossed element 5 facing away from the viewer, so that the color impression is primarily determined by the circles 8 .
  • the 30 shows other ways of offsetting the non-linear embossed elements against each other.
  • the distance c corresponds to the distance between two embossing element centers.
  • the embossed elements can be offset by fractions or multiples of c or d in the x and/or y direction. In the example above, there is an offset of 1.5 c in the x-direction and 0.5 d in the y-direction.
  • Another way of generating information is by rotating non-rotationally symmetrical embossed element shapes, such as e.g. B. an embossing element in the form of a spherical segment given.
  • the 31 shows embossing elements 25, which are rotated by 90 ° and embossed elements 26, which are rotated by 45 ° in the plane of the drawing against each other.
  • Other angular relationships can also be used to advantage.
  • a further development provides for the rotation of the non-linear embossed elements to be combined with a displacement, ie an offset. This results in a wide range of possible partial embossing structures for introducing information.
  • 32a shows the periodic arrangement of spherical sections from example 1.
  • the embossed elements 5 are arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the distance can be very small, for example less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • a distance of 2 ⁇ m between the embossing elements is particularly advantageous. Since the embossing tool cannot be produced using conventional etching technology for such a small distance, this configuration further increases the forgery security of the optically variable structure.
  • Preferred distances are 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 32b shows an embossed element arrangement placed as closely together as possible with a gap.
  • Figure 32d shows alternating embossed elements 5, 21 with a circular and with a rectangular area as the base area.
  • Figure 32e 12 shows oval embossed elements 18 alternating with embossed elements 5 in the form of spherical sections.
  • Two embossed elements 5 are provided in the longitudinal extension of an oval embossed element 18 .
  • the oval embossed element 18 can be viewed as a distorted spherical segment embossed element that has been stretched or compressed in a preferred direction.
  • a further improvement in the effect can be achieved by a suitable combination of the two options for introducing information.
  • the coating 7 is preferably designed as a printed pattern and also offers a wide range of possibilities for variation.
  • the Figure 33 Figure 12 shows a two-tone coating made up of squares 27a, eg, magenta, and 27b, eg, cyan.
  • the square grid 6 drawn in dashed lines indicates the area that is available for a basic pattern element.
  • the squares 27a, 27b each take up about a quarter of this area.
  • the coating 7 is divided into three areas A, B, C, which can be seen from the solid lines 22 .
  • area A the squares 27a, 27b are arranged in the vertical direction in alternating colors and adjacent to one another. In the horizontal direction, squares 27a, 27b of one color are spaced from each other.
  • the space 27c is preferably unprinted so that the substrate material is visible. This pattern is hereinafter referred to as "basic pattern”.
  • the pattern portion B is generated by shifting the basic pattern by one square side length in the vertical and horizontal directions.
  • a first piece of information can thus be displayed in the optically variable structure, which is visible from certain viewing directions.
  • a partial pattern area C is created, with which a second piece of information is represented, which is clearly visible from a different viewing angle range.
  • the boundary lines 22 serve merely for clarity, in order to be able to optically better separate the individual partial pattern areas A, B, C from one another.
  • a complex, optically variable structure is available, which shows a viewer different information for a number of different viewing angle ranges.
  • a suitable periodic embossing element arrangement is in 34 shown.
  • the Figure 35 shows the second row of structure elements 28 from above to illustrate the different visual impression of the different partial pattern areas (A, B and C) from an exemplary viewing direction BE Figure 33 in perspective view.
  • the 36 to 40 show structural elements 29, from which other suitable optically variable structures can be generated, in plan view (a) and exemplarily combined with an embossed element 5 in the form of a spherical segment in a perspective view (b).
  • Figure 36 shows the structural element 10 according to example 1 in top view (a) and in a perspective view (b).
  • the 37 12 shows a structural element 29 which has a pattern printed in two colors, for example a cyan circular area 8 and a magenta semicircular area 30 .
  • the semicircular area 30 determined from the perspective of Figure 37b the color impression.
  • the cyan-colored circular area 8 determines the color impression. Changing mixed colors can be seen on the way there.
  • the 38 12 also shows a magenta-colored semicircular area 30 and a yellow semicircular area 31 partially overlapping this area.
  • a mixed color is produced in the overlapping area 32, resulting in a color effect similar to that of a pattern printed in three colors.
  • a three-colored basic pattern element is shown, which is made up of circular sectors 34, 35, 36, which are each arranged like spokes.
  • a group of three 34, 35, 36 is placed on a knob 5.
  • the colored circular sectors 34, 35, 36 appear one after the other.
  • figure 40 finally shows a printed with a portion of a stripe pattern 37 embossing element 5.
  • This stripe pattern 37 is printed in one color, so that the viewer from the perspective of Figure 40b the color of the stripe 37 perceives. Since the back of the embossing element 5 is unprinted, the observer only perceives the color of the substrate when the viewing angle changes by 180°. This results in an interplay of the brightness of the rotating and / or tilting of the optically variable element hue used for the color stripes.
  • This embodiment also has an appealing, rather subtle effect.
  • the stripe pattern 37 can also be made up of curved lines and/or have a multicolored design.
  • a pattern containing guilloches is also suitable for the invention.
  • a further advantageous variation of the coating consists in reducing or enlarging the individual colored areas of the pattern belonging to the basic pattern element, with the pattern repeat preferably not changing in its dimensions. It has been shown that an optically variable element that changes color very conspicuously can be produced in this way.
  • the coating according to the invention can be a complicated image, which is preferably printed in multicolor printing, instead of a simple geometric pattern.
  • Figure 41 shows an example of an optically variable structure in which such a colored image 40 is used.
  • the image 40 appears in the usual multicolor.
  • the image 40 is broken down into pixels of equal size and the associated color components cyan, magenta and yellow are assigned to each pixel.
  • these color components are arranged in circle segments 41, 42, 43, which Figure 42 are indicated by the dashed lines 38.
  • the color of the pixel is determined by the assignment of the
  • Circle segments 41, 42, 43 set with color. This in Figure 42 However, the pixel shown is only covered with the colors cyan (c), magenta (m) and yellow (y) in the circle segments 41, 42, 43 in the areas 41a, 42a, 43a, so that this pixel when viewed perpendicularly is one of the color mixture corresponding hue.
  • the color areas 41a, 42a, 43a here form the basic pattern element according to the invention.
  • the projection of a non-linear embossed element 5 is shown in order to show how the embossed element is ideally arranged relative to the circle segments 41, 42, 43.
  • FIG 43 a detail from the image 40 is shown in a top view, greatly enlarged, so that the individual pixels or basic pattern elements and the respective associated color components are visible.
  • the embossed elements 5 are also shown schematically as a projection, so that it can be seen that the non-linear embossed elements and the associated color portions 41a, 42a, 43a of the pixel form the structural elements 39. From this it follows that when viewing the image 40 from the direction A ( Figure 41 ) the cyan components determine the image impression, while from viewing direction B the magenta components predominate and from viewing direction C the yellow components predominate. Rotating and/or tilting the optically variable element results in interesting color changes that cannot be reproduced using other means.
  • the colored areas of the basic pattern elements can also be arranged in an overlapping and/or asymmetrical and/or randomly generated manner.
  • soft and sharp transitions between the information that is visible from the different viewing angles are produced by the special selection of the geometry of the non-linear embossed elements.
  • Figure 44 shows a corresponding embossed structure in plan view. It consists of a square field 50 in which four-sided pyramids 51 are arranged as non-linear embossed elements. This field 50 is surrounded by embossed elements in the form of spherical segments 52 .
  • embossed elements in the form of spherical segments 52 .
  • the coating 7 consists of a full-area, single-color background print 53 which has recesses 54 in the form of semicircles.
  • This coating is combined with an embossed structure in the form of spherical sections 55, with the cut surfaces 56 of the spherical sections 55 coinciding with the recesses 54 ( Figure 46 ). In this way it is achieved that the gaps can only be seen from a defined viewing direction and in a narrow angular range.
  • the recesses can, of course, have any desired shape.
  • the coating can also consist of a metal layer that is transferred to a corresponding substrate in the transfer process.
  • the optically variable element is preferably produced by printing.
  • the coating is printed onto a substrate, preferably the document material, using any printing method, preferably offset printing, and then this coating is correspondingly embossed with an embossing tool.
  • An intaglio printing plate is preferably used as the embossing tool. This procedure is in the 47 and 48 shown.
  • the Figure 47 shows a data carrier according to the invention in cross section before the embossing process.
  • the data carrier substrate 44 is initially provided with a background layer 45, e.g. B. printed all over.
  • the coating 7 is applied over this.
  • the background layer 45 can also be in the form of information and patterns. Special printing inks can also be used, which further increase the anti-counterfeiting effect of the optically variable element.
  • These can be optically variable printing inks, such as printing inks containing interference layer pigments or liquid crystal pigments, or metallic effect inks, such as gold or silver effect inks.
  • the Figure 48 shows a sectional view of the data carrier after embossing, which in the example shown was produced as blind embossing using the intaglio printing process.
  • the embossing is placed in such a way that the coating 7 comes to rest on the flanks of the embossed structure.
  • the background 45 can also be applied over the entire surface or also provided with recesses or a pattern in another method, for example in a transfer method.
  • Metallic pattern elements or coatings can also be applied in the transfer process.
  • the background layer 45 can also be completely dispensed with, as in Figure 49 shown.
  • the embossing which is produced, for example, in steel intaglio printing, is executed in color.
  • FIG figure 49 shows the structure before embossing with substrate 44 and coating 7.
  • FIG figure 50 the situation after embossing is shown.
  • the Indian Figure 49 The structure shown was embossed in a color-leading manner, so that an ink layer 46 is present congruent with the embossing.
  • the extra layer of paint 46 is the top layer, since this embossing was carried out as the last step in the process.
  • An at least translucent color is preferably used for the color layer 46 .
  • the color-carrying intaglio printing can be carried out in such a way that an application of color takes place only on the non-linear embossed elements, but the valleys between the non-linear embossed elements remain free of ink.
  • a color with machine-readable additives such as luminescent substances, can be used for the color layer 46 .
  • This example describes an alternative for the manufacture of the optically variable element in which the substrate material is first embossed and then the embossed surface is provided with the coating.
  • the Figure 51 shows a detail from a document material 44 in supervision.
  • the material 44 is provided with an embossed structure which has periodically blind embossed embossed elements in the form of spherical sections 5 .
  • This document material 44 passes through a marking device 47 which has means for contactless marking, such as one or more inkjet print heads.
  • the marking device 47 produces the coating according to the invention on the already existing embossed structure.
  • the coating consists of basic pattern elements arranged in the form of a grid, most of the basic pattern elements having a circular area 8 and a square 9 .
  • the square 9 is replaced by the information 48 in the form of the letters "A", so that the coating has an additional information 48.
  • the Figure 52 shows the finished printed substrate section 44 in plan view.
  • the Figure 53 12 is a perspective view of the middle row of pattern primitives of FIG Figure 52 shown.
  • the marking device 47 can have one or more laser scan heads, which have pattern elements that can be selected individually for each location on the embossed structure, e.g. B. the letter A, inscribe by introducing the energy of the laser beam in the substrate of the data carrier or in a coating.
  • Registering between the embossed structure and the coating can also be done by means of registration marks or by using a device for image acquisition and processing.
  • embossing element peaks or valleys must be detected by the image acquisition and processing and their position must be made available as input values for the control of the marking device.
  • the Figures 54 to 57 show alternative possibilities for producing the security element according to the invention, in which first the embossed structure is produced and then the coating is applied to the individual non-linear embossed elements.
  • the already embossed substrate 100 is guided past two inkjet heads 101, 102 via a roller. Due to the curvature of the roll, the embossing structure 103 is pulled apart and fanned out somewhat, so that the inkjet heads 101, 102 can each print an embossed element on the respective flanks.
  • This is shown in section A in Figure 55 shown.
  • Figure 56 Another possibility is in Figure 56 shown.
  • the substrate 100 which has already been provided with the embossed structure, is transported in the plane.
  • the inkjet heads 101, 102 are arranged in such a way that they can each print on one of the non-linear embossed elements.
  • the inkjet heads 101, 102 are Figure 56 arrows shown. As soon as a line of non-linear embossing elements has been printed, the inkjet heads 101, 102 are moved one line further down and the next line of non-linear embossing elements can be printed.
  • the substrate 100 can also be moved.
  • Figure 57 shows an arrangement with which a non-linear embossed element can be printed with four different print images. Such an arrangement can also be used in the embodiments described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
EP10172219.7A 2004-08-13 2005-08-11 Datenträger mit einer optisch variablen Struktur Active EP2284805B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE102004039595 2004-08-13
DE102005011612A DE102005011612A1 (de) 2004-08-13 2005-03-14 Datenträger mit einer optisch variablen Struktur
EP05791307A EP1779335B1 (de) 2004-08-13 2005-08-11 Datenträger mit einer optisch variablen struktur
PCT/EP2005/008758 WO2006018232A1 (de) 2004-08-13 2005-08-11 Datenträger mit einer optisch variablen struktur

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CA2577246A1 (en) 2006-02-23
EP1779335B1 (de) 2010-10-27
ATE486335T1 (de) 2010-11-15
CN1989529A (zh) 2007-06-27
US20070246932A1 (en) 2007-10-25
DE502005010446D1 (de) 2010-12-09
RU2395842C2 (ru) 2010-07-27
CN1989529B (zh) 2012-11-07
RU2006145356A (ru) 2008-10-27
CA2577246C (en) 2013-03-12
HK1105559A1 (en) 2008-02-15
ES2355267T3 (es) 2011-03-24
US8100436B2 (en) 2012-01-24
MY165395A (en) 2018-03-21
DE102005011612A1 (de) 2006-02-23
EP2284805A2 (de) 2011-02-16
PL1779335T3 (pl) 2011-07-29
EP1779335A1 (de) 2007-05-02
WO2006018232A1 (de) 2006-02-23
EP2284805A3 (de) 2011-12-07
PL2284805T3 (pl) 2022-08-01

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