EP2255142A1 - Procédé de cuisson de produits en céramique et four à cet effet - Google Patents

Procédé de cuisson de produits en céramique et four à cet effet

Info

Publication number
EP2255142A1
EP2255142A1 EP09723865A EP09723865A EP2255142A1 EP 2255142 A1 EP2255142 A1 EP 2255142A1 EP 09723865 A EP09723865 A EP 09723865A EP 09723865 A EP09723865 A EP 09723865A EP 2255142 A1 EP2255142 A1 EP 2255142A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kiln
conduit
fluid
supply
outflow conduit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09723865A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2255142B1 (fr
Inventor
Gianluca Pratella
David Lindl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sacmi Imola SC
Original Assignee
Sacmi Imola SC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sacmi Imola SC filed Critical Sacmi Imola SC
Priority to PL09723865T priority Critical patent/PL2255142T3/pl
Publication of EP2255142A1 publication Critical patent/EP2255142A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2255142B1 publication Critical patent/EP2255142B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
    • F27B17/0041—Chamber type furnaces specially adapted for burning bricks or pottery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0021—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge of ceramic ware

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for firing ceramic products, as well as a ceramic kiln able to actuate the method.
  • kilns for ceramic products can be sub-divided substantially into two broad categories: tunnel kilns and intermittent kilns.
  • Tunnel kilns are especially suitable for firing ceramic slabs and tiles, and briefly comprise a long tunnel structure, clad in refractory material, along which the products to be fired are advanced on board self-propelling trucks or on rotatable support rollers.
  • the tunnel is provided with heat-regulating systems which enable the kiln to be sub-divided longitudinally into a plurality of successive sections at different temperatures, such that during the advancing the ceramic products are subjected to all the stages of the firing cycle.
  • the firing cycle comprises both stages of heating and cooling, more or less rapid, and is generally represented by a diagram which relates the temperatures of the various sections of the kiln with their longitudinal position internally of the kiln.
  • intermittent kilns usually comprise a single firing chamber, delimited by walls clad in refractory material, internally of which the products to be fired remain immobile.
  • Intermittent kilns are especially used for firing large-size products and/or products having complex shapes, possibly with variable-thickness walls, among which for example sanitary articles such as water closet pedestals, wash basins and bathtubs, but also kitchenware, ceramic insulators for insulating ducts for high-tension electrical lines, or ceramic pipes for sewer conduits, and the like.
  • the firing cycle in intermittent kilns is obtained via a progressive variation in the temperature internally of the single firing chamber, and is thus generally represented by a diagram which relates the temperature of the kiln to the time the products spend internally thereof.
  • the firing cycle normally comprises three successive stages, including a first stage of uniform heating up to temperatures of about 1200- 1300 0 C, an intermediate stage at a constant temperature, and a final stage of cooling to return the products to ambient temperature.
  • the cooling stage is divided into a first rapid cooling stage, during which the products are rapidly brought to a temperature of about 600 0 C, followed by a stage of slow cooling up to reaching ambient temperature.
  • the stage of slow cooling enables the finished products to be free of defects and/or residual tensions, which otherwise might generate hairline cracks, larger cracking and sometimes actual breakage.
  • Suitable regulation of the stages of rapid and slow cooling further enable the ceramic material to take on different chemical/physical structures on which the mechanical properties of the finished product depend.
  • the regulation of the temperature in the firing chamber is generally obtained by means of a plurality of free-flame burners, which are installed in suitable positions on the lateral walls and/or on the vault walls and on the bottom walls of the kiln, from where they face directly internally of the firing chamber.
  • Each burner is associated to a fuel supply conduit, typically methane gas, and a comburent supply conduit, typically air from the outside at ambient temperature, which open in proximity of the internal surface of the kiln wall, to fire up a flame which develops freely in the firing chamber.
  • Relative valve means are associated to the supply conduits, which valve means regulate the flow rate of the combustible and the comburent, such as to regulate the intensity of the flame and thus the heat generated.
  • the thermal inertia has a negative effect, especially during the rapid cooling stages, during which the ceramic products could be cooled more rapidly than normally happens, without this causing any defect in the final product, but the duration of which is in reality longer than is necessary, precisely due to the inevitable thermal inertia of the kiln.
  • the prior art comprises free-flame burners incorporating a heat exchanger, in which the comburent air is pre-heated by an air flow and hot combustion fumes exiting the kiln, the temperature of which basically coincides with the temperature in the firing chamber.
  • the flow of hot gases moves along an outflow conduit afforded in the burner body, which outflow conduit opens into the kiln and crosses the heat exchanger.
  • An aim of the present invention is to reduce the time required for completing the firing cycle in an intermittent ceramic kiln provided with burners of this type, by intervening in particular on the rapid cooling time.
  • a further aim of the invention is to attain the above-mentioned objective with a simple, rational and relatively inexpensive solution.
  • a device for firing products internally of a ceramic kiln, in which the kiln comprises at least a burner provided with a comburent supply conduit, a hot gas outflow conduit from the kiln, and a heat exchanger for operating a heat exchange between the fluids which flow through the supply conduit and the outflow conduit.
  • the method of the invention comprises cooling the products by means of introducing a cooling fluid into the kiln through the outflow conduit of the at least a burner when the burner is off.
  • the cooling fluid flows through the outflow conduit in a counter-current direction, i.e. in an opposite direction with respect to the normal direction of the hot gases, preventing them from crossing the heat exchanger.
  • the cooling fluid thus reaches the firing chamber without experiencing any heating in the heat exchanger, thus obtaining a rapid cooling for products and an effective reduction of the overall duration of the firing cycle.
  • cooling fluid reference is generically made to any fluid which is at a lower temperature with respect to the firing chamber.
  • the method of the invention preferably includes using air from the outside, for example at ambient temperature.
  • the method includes contemporaneously supplying also the comburent, i.e. normally a further air current at ambient temperature, through the supply conduit of the extinguished burner.
  • the comburent will also not be subjected to any heating in the heat exchanger, as the heat exchanger will be crossed by two fluids which are substantially at a same temperature, and can thus reach the firing chamber at a lower temperature with respect to the temperature of the kiln, thus enabling efficient dispersion of the heat.
  • the contemporaneous supplying of two currents further increases the overall flow rate of cooling fluid which is introduced into the firing chamber, thus obtaining a greater dissipation of the heat and a more rapid cooling of the kiln.
  • This solution can be adopted throughout all the stages in which the cooling velocity has to be as fast as possible, in particular during the rapid firing stages, during which there is no risk of damaging the ceramic products.
  • the outflow conduit of the burner is associated to valve means, which place the conduit in communication with the outside environment, and can be activated such as to exclude communication with the outside in order to set the outflow conduit in communication with special cooling fluid supply means, and vice versa.
  • the firing chamber is at a higher temperature than atmospheric temperature and the hot gases present therein flow spontaneously from the outflow conduit, which is kept in communication with the outside.
  • valve means are activated such as to place the outflow conduit in communication with the means for supplying the cooling fluid, which force the cooling fluid to flow in the outflow conduit up to exiting internally of the firing chamber.
  • the outflow conduit of the burner opens into the narrowed section of a venturi tube, which is axially crossed by a command fluid, typically outside air at ambient temperature, which generates in the narrowed section a depression necessary for aspirating the hot gases from the firing chamber.
  • the injection of the cooling fluid into the kiln is preferably realised by deviating the command fluid internally of the outflow conduit, in counter-current with respect to the normal flow of hot gases.
  • This deviation can be obtained simply by preventing the axial outflow of the command fluid from the venturi tube, for example by closing a check valve located downstream of the venturi tube itself. In this way, the command fluid is forced to flow from the venturi tube internally of the outflow conduit, up to reaching the firing chamber of the kiln.
  • the invention further makes available an intermittent ceramic kiln able to actuate the above-delineated firing method.
  • the kiln comprises at least a flame burner, which is provided with at least a comburent supply conduit, a hot gas outflow conduit from the kiln, and a heat exchanger destined to operate a heat exchange between the fluids running through the supply conduit and the outflow conduit; means being provided for supplying a current of a cooling fluid in the kiln through the outflow conduit of the burner, in a counter-current direction with respect to the normal outflow of the hot gases.
  • the outflow conduit is preferably associated to the valve means, which are destined to place it in communication with the external environment, and are activatable such as to exclude the communication with the outside, placing the outflow conduit in communication with the cooling air supply means, and vice versa.
  • the cooling fluid supply means of the invention comprise means for deviating the command fluid into the outflow conduit, preferably valve means destined to selectively close the auxiliary conduit downstream of the venturi tube. Thanks to this solution, by closing the valve means, the command fluid is forced to run through the outflow conduit in counter-current up to reaching the firing chamber, where it cools the ceramic products.
  • Figure 1 is a section view of an intermittent ceramic kiln of the invention.
  • Figures 2 and 3 illustrate a plant diagram of a free-flame burner mounted on the kiln of figure 1 , in two stages of the firing process.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show a different plant diagram of a free-flame burner mounted on the kiln of figure 1 , in two stages of the firing process.
  • the intermittent ceramic kiln 1 comprises a single closed firing chamber 2, delimited by walls of refractory material, internally of which is located a fixed support structure 3, on which the ceramic products 100 to be fired are rested.
  • the ceramic products 100 are sanitary articles, such as for example water closet pedestals, wash basins and bathtubs, but the kiln 1 can also be used for firing other articles, such as kitchenware, ceramic insulators for insulating ducts for high-tension electrical lines, or ceramic pipes for sewer conduits, and the like.
  • the intermittent kiln 1 might also be used for firing ceramic slabs or tiles, refractory tiles or other products.
  • the ceramic products 100 are immobile in the intermittent kiln 1 during the whole firing cycle which is obtained thanks to a programmed variation in temperature in the firing chamber 2 as a function of times required.
  • Numerous free-flame burners 4 are appropriately set on the laterals walls of the kiln 1 , which burners 4 are destined to heat the firing chamber 2 such as to regulate the temperature therein.
  • a chimney 5 is located on the ceiling of the kiln 1 , through which chimney 5 the hot firing gases generated by the flames of the burners 4 are discharged to the outside.
  • the burners 4 might also be set on the ceiling and/or on the bottom wall of the kiln 1.
  • each burner 4 comprises an outside jacket
  • the front end of the external jacket 40 is open towards the firing chamber 2 and is located flush with the internal surface of the kiln wall, while the posterior end is closed and projects to the outside.
  • An outlet mouth 41 is afforded on the posterior projecting tract of the jacket 40.
  • a cylindrical pipe 42 is mounted coaxially internally of the external jacket 40, which pipe 42 has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the external jacket
  • the cylindrical pipe 42 exhibits a truncoconical front tract, an end of which projects slightly beyond the edge of the external jacket 40, and is open towards the inside of the firing chamber 2.
  • the opposite end of the cylindrical pipe 42 is closed, and projects posteriorly of the external jacket 40 containing it.
  • An inlet mouth 44 is afforded on the projecting tract of the cylindrical pipe 42.
  • a central tube 45 is coaxially coupled in the cylindrical pipe 42, which central tube 45 has a smaller diameter than that of the cylindrical pipe 42, such as to define therewith an annular conduit 46 which places the inlet mouth 44 in communication with the firing chamber 2.
  • the central tube 45 develops from the bottom of the cylindrical pipe 42 up to the truncoconical tract, where it is closed by a transversal plate 47.
  • a central inlet opening 48 is afforded on the bottom of the cylindrical pipe 42, while an outlet opening 49 is afforded at the centre of the transversal plate
  • the central tube 45 defines a conduit which connects the inlet opening 48 with the firing chamber 2.
  • the inlet mouth 44 is connected to a supply line 6 of comburent air which is collected directly from the outside at ambient temperature, via a compressor 61 destined to force it at pressure internally of the annular conduit 46 and from there towards the firing chamber 2.
  • the inlet opening 48 is connected to a fuel supply line 7, typically methane gas.
  • the supply line 7 is intercepted by a pneumatically-controlled flow rate regulator 70, which is automatically piloted by the pressure of the comburent air in the supply line 6, and is calibrated such as always to provide a correct flow of combustible as a function of the air flow.
  • a pneumatically-controlled flow rate regulator 70 which is automatically piloted by the pressure of the comburent air in the supply line 6, and is calibrated such as always to provide a correct flow of combustible as a function of the air flow.
  • outlet mouth 41 is connected to a discharge line 8, which opens directly into the outside environment through a chimney (not illustrated)
  • the discharge line 8 is intercepted by a first valve 85, which is activatable such as to selectively open and close the connection of the discharge line 8 with the outside environment.
  • the discharge line 8 is in communication, between the outlet mouth 41 and the first valve 85, with the supply line 6 via an auxiliary conduit 86.
  • the auxiliary conduit 86 is intercepted by a second valve 87, which is activatable such as to selectively open and close the communication between the supply line 6 and the discharge line 8.
  • the firing cycle of the products 100 in the intermittent kiln 1 generally comprises a stage of heating, during which the burners 4 are normally lit, a stage of maintenance at a constant temperature, and a subsequent stage of cooling for returning the products 100 at atmospheric pressure, during which the burners 4 are normally extinguished.
  • the cooling stage is divided into an initial stage of rapid cooling, during which the products 100 are rapidly brought down to a temperature of about 600 0 C, followed by a slow cooling stage down to 250-300 0 C, after which a new stage of rapid cooling starts, down to ambient temperature.
  • the second valve 87 is closed and the comburent air is supplied by the compressor 61 , via the supply line 6, internally of the annular conduit 46, where it moves towards the truncoconical tract of the cylindrical pipe 42 which opens internally of the firing chamber 2.
  • the fuel is regulated by the flow-rate regulator 70 and supplied via the supply line 7 internally of the central tube 45, in which it flows towards the outlet opening 49 afforded in the transversal plate 47.
  • the combustible and the comburent air mix at the truncoconical tract of the cylindrical pipe 42, where they light a free flame that develops internally of the firing chamber 2.
  • the pressure of the hot combustion gas internally of the firing chamber 2 is slightly greater with respect to atmospheric pressure, so that a current of these gases flows through the annular conduit 43 of the burner 4 from the open end of the cylindrical jacket 40 towards the outlet mouth 41 , and from here it flows into the discharge line 8 to the outside, through the chimney.
  • the hot gases externally strike the lateral wall of the cylindrical pipe 42 internally of which the comburent air flows in counter-current.
  • the wall of the cylindrical pipe 42 is made of a good heat-conducting material, typically a metal or more preferably carborundum, enabling transfer of thermal energy between the hot gases coming from the firing chamber 2, and the comburent air coming from the outside.
  • the external jacket 40 and the cylindrical pipe 42 are, in practice, a heat exchanger in counter-current.
  • the lateral wall of the cylindrical pipe 42 can exhibit finning aimed at increasing the heat exchange.
  • the hot gases are substantially at the same temperature as the firing chamber 2, such that the comburent air heats before mixing with the combustible, improving the overall efficiency and performance of the intermittent kiln 1 and thus reducing the consumption of combustible fuel.
  • the hot gases exiting from the kiln 1 through the discharge line 8 and/or the chimney 5 might be supplied internally of a second intermittent ceramic kiln (not illustrated), distinct from the one described herein, thus obtaining greater exploitation of the heat of the gases and an overall energy saving.
  • to cool the products 100 the flow of combustible from the supply line 7 is interrupted, such as to cause the flame of the burner 4 to switch off.
  • the compressor 61 of the supply line 6 so as to continue introducing comburent air into the chamber 2 of the kiln.
  • the comburent air is at ambient temperature such that a part of the heat present in the internal chamber 2 dissipates by convection, operating a gentle cooling action on the ceramic products 100.
  • the comburent air in effect functions as a cooling fluid during this stage.
  • the first valve 85 of the discharge line 8 is closed such as to exclude communication with the outside, and at the same time the second valve 87 is opened such as to place the discharge line 8 in communication with the supply line 6 downstream of the compressor 61.
  • the air pumped by the compressor 61 also flows in counter- current along the discharge line 8, enters the burner 4 and flows through the annular conduit 43 from the outlet mouth 41 towards the firing chamber 2.
  • the air current prevents outflow of hot gases from the firing chamber 2 and thus hinders the functioning of the heat exchanger defined by the external jacket 40 and the cylindrical pipe 42.
  • the air at environment temperature which is pumped by the compressor 61 is not subject to any heating in the heat exchanger, and when it opens into the kiln 1 , dissipates a greater quantity of heat, obtaining a more rapid cooling of the ceramic products 100 and thus a shorter overall duration of the firing cycle.
  • the described stages are preferably managed by programmable control means, which are able to automatically control not only the valve groups 85 and 87 but also the means supplying the combustible and all the other operating organs involved in the functioning of the kiln 1.
  • the inlet mouth 44 is connected to a supply line 6 of comburent air which is directly collected from the outside at ambient temperature, through a compressor which is not illustrated.
  • the supply line 6 is intercepted by an automatically-activated valve group 60, which enables the supply line 6 to be opened and closed and to regulate the comburent air flow which is supplied to the burner 4.
  • the inlet opening 48 is connected to a supply line 7 of the combustible which, like in the preceding embodiment, comprises a pneumatically-controlled flow rate regulator 70, automatically piloted by the comburent air pressure in the supply line 6.
  • the outlet mouth 41 is finally connected to a discharge line 8, which opens at the narrowed section of a venturi tube 80.
  • the venturi tube 80 is inserted axially along an auxiliary line 81 in which a pressurised command fluid flows, preferably an air current which is directly collected from the outside at ambient temperature.
  • the command fluid creates a depression in the narrowed section which enables the hot gases present in the firing chamber 2 to be aspirated, through the annular conduit 43, the outlet mouth 41 and the discharge line 8.
  • the auxiliary line 81 is intercepted by a automatically-activated valve group 84, which enables the auxiliary line 81 to be opened and closed.
  • valve group 60 when the burners 4 are fired up, the valve group 60 is open and the comburent air is supplied via the supply line 6 internally of the annular conduit 46, where it flows towards the truncoconical tract of the cylindrical pipe 42 which opens internally of the firing chamber 2.
  • the combustible is regulated by the flow rate regulator 70 and supplied via the supply line 7 internally of the central tube 45, in which it flows toward the outlet opening 49 afforded in the transversal plate 47.
  • the valve group 84 is open and the auxiliary line 81 is flowed through by the command fluid, which creates, in the narrowed section of the venturi tube 80, the above- mentioned depression.
  • This depression aspirates part of the hot combustion gases present in the firing chamber 2, which flow through the annular conduit 43 of the burner 4 from the open end of the cylindrical jacket 40 towards the outlet mouth 41.
  • the hot gases flow from the outlet mouth 41 into the discharge line 8 up until they mix with the command fluid in the venturi tube 80, such as to flow through the upstream tract of the auxiliary line 81 , up to opening into the outside through a chimney (not shown).
  • the thermal energy of the hot gases coming from the firing chamber 2 is transferred at least in part to the comburent air coming from the outside, thanks to the external jacket 40 and the cylindrical pipe 42 which realise a heat exchanger in counter-current
  • the hot gases flowing out of the discharge line 8 and /or from the chimney 5 can be supplied to a second ceramic kiln, distinct from the one described herein, such as to heat it more rapidly and/or pre-heat the comburent supplied to the burners thereof, obtaining an overall energy saving.
  • the flow of combustible from the supply line 7 is interrupted, such as to cause the extinguishing of the flame of the burner 4.
  • valve group 84 is activated such as to close the auxiliary line 81 downstream of the venturi tube 80, such that the command fluid does not flow freely towards the chimney.
  • the command fluid cannot outflow axially from the venturi tube 80, and it is therefore forced to flow in counter-current along the discharge line 8, enter the burner 4 and flow along the annular conduit 43 from the outlet mouth 41 towards the firing chamber 2.
  • the command fluid current prevents the outflow of hot gases from the firing chamber 2, and thus prevents the functioning of the heat exchanger which is defined by the external jacket 40 and by the cylindrical pipe 42.
  • the command fluid which as has been mentioned is normally air at environmental temperature, is not heated in the heat exchanger, and when it opens into the kiln 1 , dissipates by convection part of the heat present in the firing chamber 2, obtaining a more rapid cooling of the ceramic products 100 and thus a shorter overall duration of the firing cycle.
  • the comburent can be dispensed inside of the kiln 1 via the supply line 6, leaving the valve group 60 open.
  • the valve group 60 can be closed such that the products are cooled only by the command fluid.
  • the firing stages described herein above are managed by programmable control means, which are able to automatically command not only the valve group 60 and 84 but also the means supplying the combustible and all the other operating organs involved in the functioning of the kiln 1.
  • programmable control means which are able to automatically command not only the valve group 60 and 84 but also the means supplying the combustible and all the other operating organs involved in the functioning of the kiln 1.

Abstract

Procédé de cuisson de produits (100) dans un four (1) à céramique, ledit four (1) comportant au moins un brûleur (4) à flamme muni d'au moins un conduit (46, 6) d'alimentation en comburant, un conduit (43, 8) d'évacuation des gaz chauds issus du four et un échangeur (40, 42) de chaleur destiné à réaliser un échange de chaleur entre le fluide circulant dans le conduit (46, 6) d'alimentation et le conduit (43, 8) d'évacuation. Le procédé comporte l'étape consistant à refroidir les produits (100) par injection d'un fluide de refroidissement dans le four, via le conduit (43, 8) d'évacuation du ou des brûleurs (4), lorsque le brûleur (4) est éteint.
EP09723865A 2008-03-28 2009-03-25 Procédé de cuisson de produits en céramique et four à cet effet Active EP2255142B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09723865T PL2255142T3 (pl) 2008-03-28 2009-03-25 Sposób wypalania produktów ceramicznych i przeznaczony do tego piec

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000032A ITRE20080032A1 (it) 2008-03-28 2008-03-28 '' metodo per la cottura di prodotti ceramici, e relativo forno ''
PCT/IB2009/005097 WO2009118633A1 (fr) 2008-03-28 2009-03-25 Procédé de cuisson de produits en céramique et four à cet effet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2255142A1 true EP2255142A1 (fr) 2010-12-01
EP2255142B1 EP2255142B1 (fr) 2011-09-28

Family

ID=40293156

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09723865A Active EP2255142B1 (fr) 2008-03-28 2009-03-25 Procédé de cuisson de produits en céramique et four à cet effet

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2255142B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101981402B (fr)
AT (1) ATE526547T1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0909265B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2373085T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITRE20080032A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2010010287A (fr)
PL (1) PL2255142T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2255142E (fr)
RU (1) RU2489401C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009118633A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201600111870A1 (it) * 2016-11-07 2018-05-07 Esa S P A Bruciatore autorecuperativo

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR102012027523A2 (pt) * 2012-10-26 2014-10-21 Astc Tecnologia Ltda Sistema de combustão para fabricação de revestimentos
ITRE20130059A1 (it) * 2013-08-02 2015-02-03 Sacmi Modulo riscaldante ad irraggiamento per forni continui di cottura di prodotti ceramici
MY186393A (en) 2014-12-17 2021-07-22 Pilkington Group Ltd Furnace
FR3053773B1 (fr) * 2016-07-08 2018-07-27 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede de fonctionnement d’un four discontinu avec prechauffage d’un fluide en amont du four".
JP6242453B1 (ja) * 2016-08-25 2017-12-06 中外炉工業株式会社 加熱炉の冷却装置
CN108302931B (zh) * 2017-08-07 2019-10-01 重庆科技学院 一种含铁锌废弃物回收工艺中提高氧化反应效率的系统
US11668460B2 (en) * 2020-12-21 2023-06-06 Fives North American Combustion, Inc. Regenerative burner system and method of use
WO2023101817A1 (fr) * 2021-11-30 2023-06-08 Corning Incorporated Procédés et systèmes de distribution d'un écoulement de fluide dans un four
CN116659239B (zh) * 2023-07-31 2023-10-13 康硕(德阳)智能制造有限公司 一种陶瓷件烧结炉

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1409139A3 (ru) * 1983-04-19 1988-07-07 Г.С. Николаев Печь дл обжига керамических изделий
IT1290102B1 (it) * 1997-03-17 1998-10-19 Siti Forno per la cottura di materiali ceramici
RU2111933C1 (ru) * 1997-06-02 1998-05-27 Александр Викторович Фролов Способ обжига керамических изделий и устройство для его осуществления
WO2001013042A1 (fr) * 1999-08-16 2001-02-22 Nippon Furnace Kogyo Kaisha, Ltd. Appareil et procede d'alimentation en carburant
US7143610B2 (en) * 2001-03-23 2006-12-05 Vitro Global, S.A. Method and system for feeding and burning a pulverized fuel in a glass melting furnace, and burner for use in the same
RU39684U1 (ru) * 2004-03-15 2004-08-10 Казанский государственный технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева Газовая горелка и фронтовое устройство газовой горелки
CN1327159C (zh) * 2004-07-12 2007-07-18 郭建忠 一种液体燃料汽化燃烧炉头
CN101067372B (zh) * 2007-06-07 2011-06-29 苏州新阳光机械制造有限公司 用于石油热采注气机的高压混合气发生装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009118633A1 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201600111870A1 (it) * 2016-11-07 2018-05-07 Esa S P A Bruciatore autorecuperativo
WO2018083559A1 (fr) * 2016-11-07 2018-05-11 Esa S.P.A. Brûleur à auto-récupération
US11047571B2 (en) 2016-11-07 2021-06-29 Esa S.P.A. Self-recuperative burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101981402B (zh) 2013-08-07
RU2010139010A (ru) 2012-05-10
PL2255142T3 (pl) 2012-02-29
ITRE20080032A1 (it) 2009-09-29
WO2009118633A1 (fr) 2009-10-01
EP2255142B1 (fr) 2011-09-28
CN101981402A (zh) 2011-02-23
BRPI0909265A8 (pt) 2016-12-13
PT2255142E (pt) 2011-12-22
ATE526547T1 (de) 2011-10-15
MX2010010287A (es) 2010-10-08
BRPI0909265A2 (pt) 2015-08-18
RU2489401C2 (ru) 2013-08-10
BRPI0909265B1 (pt) 2017-05-23
ES2373085T3 (es) 2012-01-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2255142B1 (fr) Procédé de cuisson de produits en céramique et four à cet effet
CN103727784B (zh) 一种日用陶瓷富氧燃烧梭式窑的系统节能方法
US7666345B2 (en) Method and apparatus for melting metal
CN101315187A (zh) 防逆火喷嘴及具有该喷嘴的燃烧设备
KR20170119046A (ko) 래들 가열장치
CN104561515B (zh) 连续式板坯加热炉及其加热方法
CN102564127A (zh) 一种节能梭式窑
US2200731A (en) Heating apparatus
KR200430405Y1 (ko) 고점도 연료를 위한 공냉식 버너장치
CN2890657Y (zh) 蓄热式脉冲烧嘴
JPH07112269A (ja) 取鍋の乾燥および加熱方法
ITBO20090564A1 (it) Bruciatore per forni industriali
CN208408058U (zh) 一种单棒炉
KR100689657B1 (ko) 고점도 연료를 위한 공냉식 버너장치 및 그 동작방법
CN110873529A (zh) 节能窑炉
JPH11239862A (ja) 取鍋の乾燥および加熱方法並びにその装置
CN104531957A (zh) 一种热处理炉的快速降温装置
CN211177904U (zh) 节能窑炉
KR20090005774A (ko) 도자기 소성로
JPH04288478A (ja) 連続焼成炉
KR200275166Y1 (ko) 버너장치
RU2006133907A (ru) Способ для прямой плавки и цех
KR101099679B1 (ko) 열풍로 건조시 열풍본관 병행 건조방법
KR100368834B1 (ko) 강판 균일 가열 시스템
CN107448937A (zh) 一种节能型铸造燃烧器

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20100908

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA RS

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R079

Ref document number: 602009002872

Country of ref document: DE

Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: F27D0023000000

Ipc: F27B0009120000

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: F27B 9/36 20060101ALI20110303BHEP

Ipc: F27D 99/00 20100101ALI20110303BHEP

Ipc: F27B 9/12 20060101AFI20110303BHEP

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602009002872

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20111201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PT

Ref legal event code: SC4A

Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION

Effective date: 20111205

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: VDEP

Effective date: 20110928

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111228

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2373085

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20120131

LTIE Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension

Effective date: 20110928

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111229

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PL

Ref legal event code: T3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 526547

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20110928

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20120128

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20120629

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602009002872

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20120629

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120331

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20121130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120325

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120402

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602009002872

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20121002

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110928

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20130325

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130331

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130331

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130325

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120325

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090325

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20121002

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Payment date: 20230227

Year of fee payment: 15

Ref country code: PT

Payment date: 20230223

Year of fee payment: 15

Ref country code: PL

Payment date: 20230224

Year of fee payment: 15

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20230221

Year of fee payment: 15

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230427

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20230403

Year of fee payment: 15