EP2239536B1 - Selectable initiation system for a warhead - Google Patents

Selectable initiation system for a warhead Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2239536B1
EP2239536B1 EP10003729.0A EP10003729A EP2239536B1 EP 2239536 B1 EP2239536 B1 EP 2239536B1 EP 10003729 A EP10003729 A EP 10003729A EP 2239536 B1 EP2239536 B1 EP 2239536B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
explosive charge
charge
fragmenting
principal axis
warhead
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP10003729.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2239536A2 (en
EP2239536A3 (en
Inventor
Werner Arnold
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TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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Publication of EP2239536A2 publication Critical patent/EP2239536A2/en
Publication of EP2239536A3 publication Critical patent/EP2239536A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0838—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the explosive charge in a warhead
    • F42C19/0842—Arrangements of a multiplicity of primers or detonators, dispersed within a warhead, for multiple mode selection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switchable cylindrical active charge of a warhead with a splitter-forming shell and with a disposed within the explosive charge tubular support for a plurality of distributed pellets, as well as at least one ignition device for the active charge.
  • the DE 10 2006 048 299 B3 relates to a switchable cylindrical active charge of a warhead according to the preamble of the independent claims, comprising a shatter-forming casing and a tubular support for a plurality of distributed pellets disposed within the explosive charge and a cavity extending along the major axis, in which either at least one ignition device mounted displaceably therein or at least two stationary ignition devices are provided.
  • a plate-shaped Kochtragerladung is arranged, which is provided with a detonation waveguide, which causes in the case of their ignition extending approximately perpendicular to the holder front of the detonation wave. This can affect the formation of the splitter, a power control of the active charge is not provided.
  • the DE 102 27 002 A1 describes a warhead having a disassembling charge that is, for example, aligned with and disassembles the main charge. Only with the help of further measures, a deflagration can be achieved, in which position a considerable space in the warhead is necessary. Furthermore, only one type of splitter can be produced with the main charge, since the warhead casing in the area of the macerating charge is to consist of plastic, which forms only ballistically ineffective splinters. If the cutting charge described here on the above Warhead would be applied eliminates the possibility of controlling the fragment size.
  • the SE 9 101 998 A a warhead with a penetrator, which is preceded by an annular cutting charge.
  • Such a cutting charge is not suitable for effecting a controlled performance degradation of a warhead including control of the splitter size.
  • This object is achieved in a structurally simple manner in that at a spaced apart from the ignition devices end face of the active charge in the region of a circular line around the main axis and between the cavity and the tubular support a plurality of uniformly distributed arranged on the effective charge projectiles or splinters forming charges is arranged, which are ignitable at a time adjustable in relation to the ignition time of the effective charge point and that the intensity of the ignited projectile or splinter-forming charges is limited to the deflagrative initiation of the active charge or its decomposition.
  • the intensity of the ignited projectiles or splinter-forming charges is limited to the deflagrative initiation of the active charge or its decomposition.
  • a single projectile or fragment forming charge can also be used one which has an annular continuous liner and thus is effective as a kind of annular cutting charge.
  • This device realizes in a simple way both the setting of the power delivered by the active charge, as well as influencing the size of the generated splitter, the latter is also possible in combination with the reduced power of the active charge.
  • the device according to the invention can be used in the same way for smooth, unnotched / continuous casings, as well as for casings with preformed splinters of an active charge. Finally, pre-scored or provided with a pre-scored inner shell cases can be used.
  • a further advantageous design of the device according to the invention is that instead of the plurality of projectiles or splinters forming charges an annular and aligned to the effective charge and splitter forming ring charge is provided.
  • FIG. 1 shows simplified a switchable active charge 1, the radial effect can be changed depending on the local conditions at the site. According to the invention, it is simultaneously possible to adjust the power of the active charge within wide limits.
  • an active charge 1 is shown with a cylindrical holder PH for a multiplicity of distributed pellets PE.
  • optionally stationary ignition chains ZK1, ZK2 can be used, which are arranged on the main axis 2 of the active charge 1 and optionally in the central cavity 3 of the active charge 1.
  • a firing chain ZK2 which can be longitudinally displaced within the cavity 3.
  • the splinter-forming shell 7 is shown as a non-pre-scored metal shell 7, which may be made for example of steel or heavy metal. Alternatively, the shell may also be made of preformed splinters, again preferably using the aforementioned materials.
  • the central area of the active charge is deliberately released as a cavity. He is needed for the intended at least partial disassembly of the active charge 1, so that the debris of the disassembled active charge this cavity for the Can use volume compensation.
  • the cavity 3 is used when using a longitudinally displaceable in the arrow direction ZK1 ignition chain.
  • the components of the active charge 1 are in the FIG. 1 shown to the right of the section line AA. To the left of this section line are the components of the Zerlegerladung 5. This is an additional component that is attached to the front side of the active charge 1. Its purpose is the mechanical decomposition or chemical conversion of any part of the explosive charge in a low-order reaction.
  • the Zerlegerladung 5 has for this purpose a plurality of splinters or projectile-forming charges 5, which are initiated at the same time.
  • the ignition device is in the FIG. 1 designated ZK3. These charges are arranged in a holder 6, which consists of shock absorbing material.
  • the active charge is a launchable ammunition
  • ZK3 arrows are drawn with the preferred direction of acceleration when launching the ammunition.
  • FIG. 2 Examples of different designs of the Zerlegerladung 5 are shown.
  • the design possibility of the Zerlegerladung is not limited to these embodiments.
  • the above example of a bursting charge 5 is designed for the formation of a number of Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFP).
  • EFP Explosively Formed Projectiles
  • the required dome-shaped deposits 8a of the individual projectile-forming charges 5b, 5c, 5d ... may be formed, for example, Armco-iron.
  • the middle example in the FIG. 2 has funnel-shaped inserts 8b for forming spiky projectiles MFS.
  • Inserts made of copper without the choice of materials would be limited.
  • the number of six projectile-forming charges 5b, 5c, 5d ... shown in the two aforementioned examples is not a mandatory specification.
  • annular charge 5a instead of the individual charges, an annular charge 5a, with an approximately flat insert 8c in the example, is used to produce many splinters SPL.
  • Decisive in the design of the projectile or splinter-forming charges is that at least one selectable part of the explosive charge 1 by their action at least mechanically and maximally in a weak chemical reaction, for example in the form of deflagration, decomposed or implemented.
  • FIG. 3 an arrangement is shown in which the active charge gives its full power and so-called natural splinters are formed.
  • the ignition chain ZK 2 arranged on the far right in the drawing is initiated at time t 1 while the ignition chain ZK 3 of the disintegrating charge 5 is not activated.
  • the successive positions of the developing detonation front are designated by the reference numerals 10 to 40 according to their chronological order.
  • the detonation front strikes grazing on the holder 6 of the pellets PE and also on the shell 7 of the explosive charge 1. Due to the grazing incidence of the detonation wave, the ignition of the pellets PE takes place successively simultaneously with the detonation of the actual Explosive charge instead. As a result, the pellets PE lose their function of forming pressure peaks. As a result, the shell 7 is decomposed into natural splinters NSPL of different sizes, which results randomly.
  • the representation in FIG. 4 is based on the same arrangement as in the FIG. 3 is shown.
  • the ignition chain ZK 3 of the Zerlegerladung 5 is ignited as the first time t 1 .
  • the bursting charge 5 for example, EFP projectiles generated on the front side of the explosive charge 1, which corresponds to the section AA, penetrate into this.
  • the explosive charge is successively - in the drawing from left to right - disassembled. This happens either mechanically or chemically at a low energy level (deflagrative).
  • the central cavity 3 serves as a compensation space for receiving explosive charge remnants.
  • the density of the explosive charge drops below a critical value. Below this value, the explosive charge is no longer capable of detonation.
  • the ignition chain ZK 2 of the explosive charge 1 is also initiated and the detonation waves 10 - 30 propagate as described above.
  • the shell 7 is decomposed into natural fragments NSPL in the remaining part of the explosive charge 1.
  • the delay time .DELTA.t can be set in this way, the splitter and the blast performance between 0% and 100%.
  • the power of the active charge is thus adjustable within wide limits.
  • FIG. 5 shows a similar arrangement as the FIG. 1 , but with the difference that the ignition chain ZK 2 is now located approximately in the middle of the explosive charge 1. This can be done by moving the ignition chain ZK 2 out FIG. 1 have been achieved within the cavity 3. For another Also, for example, be arranged two stationary Zündketten in the described positions.
  • the detonation front 11, 21, 31 initially propagates in the case of initiation preferably radially with respect to the main axis 2. It finally reaches the holder 6 with the stored therein pellets PE, which are initiated by, whereas only a slower shock wave propagates through the holder in this way it is achieved that after the holder has many point-like in the explosive charge 1 propagating detonation fronts. Overlaying these fronts results in high pressure peaks.
  • the resulting shape of the detonation front 31 then leads in the shell 7 to a controlled decomposition, for example in the form of larger splinter KSPL.
  • the ignition chain ZK 3 of the Zerlegerladung 5 is not activated here. The performance of the explosive charge 1 is thus not metered.
  • the adjustability of the power is finally by means of an arrangement according to FIG. 6 possible.
  • the basic arrangement in FIG. 6 corresponds to that of FIG. 5 ,
  • the ignition chain ZK 3 is activated, which - similar to already FIG. 4 described by means of example here the projectile EFP from the front side of the explosive charge 1 decomposed.
  • the splintering and blasting performance of the explosive charge 1 can be varied from 0% to 100%.
  • the position of the ignition chain ZK 2 in FIG. 6 does not necessarily have to be in the middle. It may also be off-center to the right of the central position, if more than 50% of the explosive charge 1 are to be mechanically or deflagratively disassembled. This then affects the performance range from 0% to 50%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine umschaltbare zylindrische Wirkladung eines Gefechtskopfes mit einer Splitter bildenden Hülle und mit einer innerhalb der Sprengladung angeordneten rohrförmigen Halterung für eine Vielzahl verteilt angeordneter Pellets, sowie wenigstens einer Zündeinrichtung für die Wirkladung. Die DE 10 2006 048 299 B3 betrifft eine umschaltbare zylindrische Wirkladung eines Gefechtskopfes gemäß dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche, mit einer Splitter bildenden Hülle und einer innerhalb der Sprengladung angeordneten rohrförmigen Halterung für eine Vielzahl verteilt angeordneter Pellets und einem entlang der Hauptachse verlaufenden Hohlraum, in dem entweder wenigstens eine darin verschiebbar gelagerte Zündeinrichtung oder wenigstens zwei stationäre Zündeinrichtungen vorgesehen sind. Stirnseitig ist eine plattenförmige Übertragerladung angeordnet, welche mit einem Detonationswellenlenker versehen ist, der im Fall deren Zündung eine etwa senkrecht zur Halterung verlaufende Front der Detonationswelle bewirkt. Hiermit kann die Formung der Splitter beeinflusst werden, eine Leistungssteuerung der Wirkladung ist jedoch nicht vorgesehen.The invention relates to a switchable cylindrical active charge of a warhead with a splitter-forming shell and with a disposed within the explosive charge tubular support for a plurality of distributed pellets, as well as at least one ignition device for the active charge. The DE 10 2006 048 299 B3 relates to a switchable cylindrical active charge of a warhead according to the preamble of the independent claims, comprising a shatter-forming casing and a tubular support for a plurality of distributed pellets disposed within the explosive charge and a cavity extending along the major axis, in which either at least one ignition device mounted displaceably therein or at least two stationary ignition devices are provided. At the front, a plate-shaped Übertragerladung is arranged, which is provided with a detonation waveguide, which causes in the case of their ignition extending approximately perpendicular to the holder front of the detonation wave. This can affect the formation of the splitter, a power control of the active charge is not provided.

Die DE 102 27 002 A1 beschreibt einen Gefechtskopf, der eine Zerlegeladung aufweist, die beispielsweise auf die Hauptladung ausgerichtet ist und diese zerlegen kann. Erst mit Hilfe weiterer Maßnahmen kann auch eine Deflagration erreicht werden, wobei in dieser Position ein erheblicher Raumbedarf im Gefechtskopf notwendig ist. Weiterhin kann mit der Hauptladung nur eine Splittersorte erzeugt werden, da die Gefechtskopfhülle im Bereich der Zerlegeladung aus Kunststoff bestehen soll, der nur ballistisch unwirksame Splitter bildet. Falls die hier beschriebene Zerlegeladung auf den vorgenannten Gefechtskopf angewendet würde, entfällt die Möglichkeit der Steuerung der Splittergröße.The DE 102 27 002 A1 describes a warhead having a disassembling charge that is, for example, aligned with and disassembles the main charge. Only with the help of further measures, a deflagration can be achieved, in which position a considerable space in the warhead is necessary. Furthermore, only one type of splitter can be produced with the main charge, since the warhead casing in the area of the macerating charge is to consist of plastic, which forms only ballistically ineffective splinters. If the cutting charge described here on the above Warhead would be applied eliminates the possibility of controlling the fragment size.

Schließlich enthält die SE 9 101 998 A einen Gefechtskopf mit einem Penetrator, dem eine ringförmige Schneidladung vorgeschaltet ist. Eine derartige Schneidladung ist nicht geeignet, eine gesteuerte Leistungsminderung eines Gefechtskopfes herbeizuführen, der eine Steuerung der Splittergröße beinhaltet.Finally, the SE 9 101 998 A a warhead with a penetrator, which is preceded by an annular cutting charge. Such a cutting charge is not suitable for effecting a controlled performance degradation of a warhead including control of the splitter size.

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Wirkladung mit einer Splitter bildenden Hülle hinsichtlich der Initiierung so zu erweitern, dass außer der Einstellbarkeit der Splitterform gleichzeitig auch noch die Dosierung der von der Wirkladung abgegebenen Leistung in weiten Grenzen einstellbar ist, ohne dass die eine Funktion die andere ausschließt.It is therefore an object of the present invention to extend an effective charge with a splitter-forming shell with respect to the initiation so that in addition to the adjustability of the fragment form at the same time also the dosage of the output power of the active charge power is adjustable within wide limits without that a function the other excludes.

Diese Aufgabe wird in konstruktiv einfacher Weise dadurch gelöst, dass an einer von den Zündeinrichtungen beabstandeten Stirnseite der Wirkladung im Bereich einer Kreislinie um die Hauptachse und zwischen dem Hohlraum und der rohrförmigen Halterung eine Vielzahl gleichförmig verteilt angeordneter, auf die Wirkladung ausgerichteter Projektile oder Splitter bildender Ladungen angeordnet ist, welche zu einem in Relation zum Zündzeitpunkt der Wirkladung einstellbaren Zeitpunkt zündbar sind und dass die Intensität der gezündeten Projektile oder Splitter bildenden Ladungen auf die deflagrative Initiierung der Wirkladung oder deren Zerlegung begrenzt ist. Dabei ist die Intensität der gezündeten Projektile oder Splitter bildenden Ladungen auf die deflagrative Initiierung der Wirkladung oder deren Zerlegung begrenzt. Statt einer einzelne Projektile oder Splitter bildender Ladung kann auch eine solche zum Einsatz kommen, die eine ringförmig kontinuierliche Einlage aufweist und somit als eine Art ringförmige Schneidladung wirksam ist.This object is achieved in a structurally simple manner in that at a spaced apart from the ignition devices end face of the active charge in the region of a circular line around the main axis and between the cavity and the tubular support a plurality of uniformly distributed arranged on the effective charge projectiles or splinters forming charges is arranged, which are ignitable at a time adjustable in relation to the ignition time of the effective charge point and that the intensity of the ignited projectile or splinter-forming charges is limited to the deflagrative initiation of the active charge or its decomposition. The intensity of the ignited projectiles or splinter-forming charges is limited to the deflagrative initiation of the active charge or its decomposition. Instead of a single projectile or fragment forming charge can also be used one which has an annular continuous liner and thus is effective as a kind of annular cutting charge.

Diese Vorrichtung realisiert auf einfache Weise sowohl die Einstellung der von der Wirkladung abgegebenen Leistung, als auch die Beeinflussung der Größe der erzeugten Splitter, wobei letztere auch in Kombination mit der reduzierten Leistung der Wirkladung möglich ist.This device realizes in a simple way both the setting of the power delivered by the active charge, as well as influencing the size of the generated splitter, the latter is also possible in combination with the reduced power of the active charge.

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Projektile oder Splitter bildenden Ladungen von einer Schockwellen dämpfenden Halterung zu umgeben. Damit sind weitere Einrichtungen des Gefechtskopfes, wie beispielsweise ein vor der Wirkladung angeordneter Suchkopf vor destruktiven Einflüssen geschützt und die Wirkung der Ladungen wird ausschließlich auf die Sprengladung konzentriert. Weiterhin wird durch die Dämpfungsschicht eine frühzeitige, ungewollte Initiierung der Sprengladung unterbunden. Schließlich wird durch diese Dämpfungsschicht auch unnötige weitere Splitterbildung verhindert (wie bei einer Metallhalterung), die nicht wie bei der eigentlichen Sprengladung gesteuert werden kann.It has proven to be advantageous to surround the projectile or splinter-forming charges of a shockwave damping bracket. This means that further devices of the warhead, such as a search head arranged in front of the active charge, are protected against destructive influences and the effect of the charges is concentrated exclusively on the explosive charge. Furthermore, an early, unwanted initiation of the explosive charge is prevented by the damping layer. Finally, this damping layer also prevents unnecessary further splinter formation (as in the case of a metal mount), which can not be controlled as in the case of the actual explosive charge.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann in gleicher Weise bei glatten, ungekerbten / kontinuierlichen Hüllen, als auch bei Hüllen mit vorgeformten Splittern einer Wirkladung zum Einsatz kommen. Schließlich können auch vorgekerbte oder mit einer vorgekerbten Innenhülle versehene Hüllen eingesetzt werden.The device according to the invention can be used in the same way for smooth, unnotched / continuous casings, as well as for casings with preformed splinters of an active charge. Finally, pre-scored or provided with a pre-scored inner shell cases can be used.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Bauform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung besteht darin, dass an Stelle der Vielzahl von Projektile oder Splitter bildenden Ladungen eine ringförmige und auf die Wirkladung ausgerichtete und Splitter bildende Ringladung vorgesehen ist.A further advantageous design of the device according to the invention is that instead of the plurality of projectiles or splinters forming charges an annular and aligned to the effective charge and splitter forming ring charge is provided.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung schematisch vereinfacht dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
eine Wirkladung mit einer Pellethalterung und einer Zerlegevorrichtung für die Wirkladung,
Fig. 2:
unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen der Zerlegevorrichtung,
Fig. 3:
eine initiierte Wirkladung zur Erzeugung natürlicher Splitter,
Fig. 4:
eine Wirkladung nach Fig. 3 mit initiierter Zerlegeladung,
Fig. 5:
eine Wirkladung mit veränderter Initiierungsposition,
Fig. 6:
eine Wirkladung nach Fig. 5 mit initiierter Zerlegeladung.
Embodiments of the invention are shown schematically simplified in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1:
an active charge with a pellet holder and a disintegrating device for the active charge,
Fig. 2:
different embodiments of the cutting device,
3:
an initiated active charge for the production of natural splinters,
4:
an active charge after Fig. 3 with initiated disassembly charge,
Fig. 5:
an active charge with a modified initiation position,
Fig. 6:
an active charge after Fig. 5 with initiated disintegration charge.

Die Figur 1 zeigt vereinfacht eine umschaltbare Wirkladung 1, deren radiale Wirkung je nach den örtlichen Gegebenheiten am Einsatzort verändert werden kann. Erfindungsgemäß besteht gleichzeitig die Möglichkeit, die Leistung der Wirkladung in weiten Grenzen einzustellen.The FIG. 1 shows simplified a switchable active charge 1, the radial effect can be changed depending on the local conditions at the site. According to the invention, it is simultaneously possible to adjust the power of the active charge within wide limits.

In der Figur 1 ist rechts vom Schnitt A-A eine Wirkladung 1 mit einem zylinderförmigen Halter PH für eine Vielzahl verteilt angeordneter Pellets PE dargestellt. Zur Initiierung der Wirkladung können wahlweise ortsfeste Zündketten ZK1, ZK2 verwendet werden, die auf der Hauptachse 2 der Wirkladung 1 und gegebenenfalls im zentralen Hohlraum 3 der Wirkladung 1 angeordnet sind. Alternativ kann auch eine innerhalb des Hohlraums 3 längsverschiebbare Zündkette ZK2 zum Einsatz gebracht werden.In the FIG. 1 to the right of section AA, an active charge 1 is shown with a cylindrical holder PH for a multiplicity of distributed pellets PE. In order to initiate the active charge, optionally stationary ignition chains ZK1, ZK2 can be used, which are arranged on the main axis 2 of the active charge 1 and optionally in the central cavity 3 of the active charge 1. Alternatively, it is also possible to use a firing chain ZK2 which can be longitudinally displaced within the cavity 3.

Die Splitter bildende Hülle 7 ist als eine nicht vorgekerbte Metallhülle 7 dargestellt, welche beispielsweise aus Stahl oder Schwermetall gefertigt sein kann. Alternativ kann die Hülle auch aus vorgeformten Splittern hergestellt sein, wobei wiederum die vorgenannten Materialien bevorzugt Verwendung finden.The splinter-forming shell 7 is shown as a non-pre-scored metal shell 7, which may be made for example of steel or heavy metal. Alternatively, the shell may also be made of preformed splinters, again preferably using the aforementioned materials.

Der zentrale Bereich der Wirkladung ist als Hohlraum bewusst freigelassen. Er wird für die beabsichtigte zumindest teilweise Zerlegung der Wirkladung 1 benötigt, damit die Trümmer der zerlegten Wirkladung diesen Hohlraum für die Volumenkompensation nützen können. Darüber hinaus wird der Hohlraum 3 bei Verwendung einer in Pfeilrichtung längsverschiebbaren Zündkette ZK1 genutzt.The central area of the active charge is deliberately released as a cavity. He is needed for the intended at least partial disassembly of the active charge 1, so that the debris of the disassembled active charge this cavity for the Can use volume compensation. In addition, the cavity 3 is used when using a longitudinally displaceable in the arrow direction ZK1 ignition chain.

Die Bauteile der Wirkladung 1 sind in der Figur 1 rechts von der Schnittlinie A-A dargestellt. Links von dieser Schnittlinie befinden sich die Bestandteile der Zerlegerladung 5. Diese ist ein zusätzliches Bauteil, das an die Stirnseite der Wirkladung 1 angefügt wird. Sein Zweck ist die mechanische Zerlegung oder die chemische Umsetzung eines beliebigen Teils der Sprengladung in einer Reaktion auf niedrigem Energieniveau (Low Order Reaction).The components of the active charge 1 are in the FIG. 1 shown to the right of the section line AA. To the left of this section line are the components of the Zerlegerladung 5. This is an additional component that is attached to the front side of the active charge 1. Its purpose is the mechanical decomposition or chemical conversion of any part of the explosive charge in a low-order reaction.

Die Zerlegerladung 5 weist hierfür eine Vielzahl von Splitter oder Projektile bildenden Ladungen 5 auf, die zeitgleich initiiert werden. Die Zündeinrichtung ist in der Figur 1 mit ZK3 bezeichnet. Diese Ladungen sind in einer Halterung 6 angeordnet, die aus Schockwellen dämpfendem Material besteht. Für den Fall, dass es sich bei der Wirkladung um eine abschussfähige Munition handelt, sind in der Figur 1 bei der Zündeinrichtung ZK3 Pfeile mit der bevorzugten Richtung der Beschleunigung beim Abschuss der Munition eingezeichnet. Damit wird eine ungewollte räumliche Trennung der Zerlegerladung 5 von der Wirkladung 1 vermieden, da die Trägheitskräfte auf die wesentlich leichtere Zerlegerladung 5 weniger stark wirken.The Zerlegerladung 5 has for this purpose a plurality of splinters or projectile-forming charges 5, which are initiated at the same time. The ignition device is in the FIG. 1 designated ZK3. These charges are arranged in a holder 6, which consists of shock absorbing material. In the case that the active charge is a launchable ammunition, are in the FIG. 1 at the ignition device ZK3 arrows are drawn with the preferred direction of acceleration when launching the ammunition. Thus, an unwanted spatial separation of the Zerlegerladung 5 is avoided by the effective charge 1, since the inertial forces act less strong on the much lighter bursting charge 5.

In der Figur 2 sind Beispiele verschiedener Bauformen der Zerlegerladung 5 dargestellt. Die Gestaltungsmöglichkeit der Zerlegerladung ist jedoch nicht auf diese Ausführungsformen begrenzt. Das obere Beispiel für eine Zerlegerladung 5 ist für die Bildung von einer Anzahl von mittels Explosion geformter Projektile (Explosively Formed Projectiles) EFP ausgelegt. Die hierfür benötigten kalottenförmigen Einlagen 8a der einzelnen projektilbildenden Ladungen 5b, 5c, 5d ... können beispielsweise aus Armco-Eisen geformt sein.In the FIG. 2 Examples of different designs of the Zerlegerladung 5 are shown. The design possibility of the Zerlegerladung is not limited to these embodiments. The above example of a bursting charge 5 is designed for the formation of a number of Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFP). The required dome-shaped deposits 8a of the individual projectile-forming charges 5b, 5c, 5d ... may be formed, for example, Armco-iron.

Das mittlere Beispiel in der Figur 2 weist trichterförmigen Einlagen 8b zur Bildung von stachelförmigen Projektilen MFS auf. Hierfür eignen sich in besonderer Weise Einlagen aus Kupfer, ohne dass die Materialauswahl hierauf beschränkt wäre. Ebenso ist die in den beiden vorgenannten Beispielen dargestellte Anzahl von je sechs projektilbildenden Ladungen 5b, 5c, 5d ... keine zwingende Vorgabe.The middle example in the FIG. 2 has funnel-shaped inserts 8b for forming spiky projectiles MFS. For this purpose are in a special way Inserts made of copper, without the choice of materials would be limited. Likewise, the number of six projectile-forming charges 5b, 5c, 5d ... shown in the two aforementioned examples is not a mandatory specification.

Die beiden genannten Fälle (EFP aus Armco-Eisen oder MFS aus Kupfer) müssen nicht notwendigerweise "diskret" - also in einzelnen Projektilen (hier 6) - ausgeformt sein, sie können auch "analog"-kontinuierlich in Form einer ringförmigen Auskleidung gestaltet sein. In diesem Fall wirken sie wie eine kontinuierliche Schneidladung, also statt einzelner (z.B. 6) Projektile / Splitter, ein ganzer Ring derartiger Wirkungsüberträger.The two cases mentioned (EFP Armco-iron or copper MFS) need not necessarily "discrete" - ie in individual projectiles (here 6) - be formed, they can also be designed "analog" -continuously in the form of an annular lining. In this case, they act like a continuous cutting charge, so instead of individual (e.g., 6) projectiles / splinters, a whole ring of such effect transferring.

Im unteren Beispiel wird schließlich anstelle der einzelnen Ladungen eine ringförmige Ladung 5a, mit einer im Beispiel etwa ebenen Einlage 8c, zur Erzeugung von vielen Splittern SPL verwendet.Finally, in the lower example, instead of the individual charges, an annular charge 5a, with an approximately flat insert 8c in the example, is used to produce many splinters SPL.

Entscheidend bei der Auslegung der Projektile bzw. Splitter bildenden Ladungen ist, dass zumindest ein wählbarer Teil der Sprengladung 1 durch deren Einwirkung zumindest mechanisch und maximal in einer schwachen chemischen Reaktion, beispielsweise in Form einer Deflagration, zerlegt oder umgesetzt wird.Decisive in the design of the projectile or splinter-forming charges is that at least one selectable part of the explosive charge 1 by their action at least mechanically and maximally in a weak chemical reaction, for example in the form of deflagration, decomposed or implemented.

In der Figur 3 ist eine Anordnung dargestellt, in der die Wirkladung ihre volle Leistung abgibt und so genannte natürliche Splitter gebildet werden. Dazu wird lediglich die in der Zeichnung ganz rechts angeordnete Zündkette ZK 2 zum Zeitpunkt t1 initiiert während die Zündkette ZK 3 der Zerlegerladung 5 nicht aktiviert wird. Damit wird die Wirkladung vollständig umgesetzt. Die sich nacheinander ergebenden Positionen der sich entwickelnden Detonationsfront sind mit den Bezugszeichen 10 bis 40 entsprechend ihrer chronologischen Reihenfolge bezeichnet. Die Detonationsfront trifft dabei streifend auf die Halterung 6 der Pellets PE und auch auf die Hülle 7 der Sprengladung 1. Aufgrund des streifenden Einfalls der Detonationswelle findet die Durchzündung der Pellets PE sukzessive gleichzeitig mit der Detonation der eigentlichen Sprengladung statt. Aufgrund dessen verlieren die Pellets PE ihre Funktion der Bildung von Druckspitzen. In Folge dessen wird die Hülle 7 in natürliche Splitter NSPL unterschiedlicher Größe, die sich nach dem Zufallsprinzip ergibt, zerlegt.In the FIG. 3 an arrangement is shown in which the active charge gives its full power and so-called natural splinters are formed. For this purpose, only the ignition chain ZK 2 arranged on the far right in the drawing is initiated at time t 1 while the ignition chain ZK 3 of the disintegrating charge 5 is not activated. Thus, the effective charge is fully implemented. The successive positions of the developing detonation front are designated by the reference numerals 10 to 40 according to their chronological order. The detonation front strikes grazing on the holder 6 of the pellets PE and also on the shell 7 of the explosive charge 1. Due to the grazing incidence of the detonation wave, the ignition of the pellets PE takes place successively simultaneously with the detonation of the actual Explosive charge instead. As a result, the pellets PE lose their function of forming pressure peaks. As a result, the shell 7 is decomposed into natural splinters NSPL of different sizes, which results randomly.

Die Darstellung in Figur 4 geht von der gleichen Anordnung aus, wie sie in der Figur 3 gezeigt ist. Hier wird aber die Zündkette ZK 3 der Zerlegerladung 5 als erste zum Zeitpunkt t1 gezündet. Gemäß der Abbildung werden von der Zerlegerladung 5 beispielsweise EFP-Projektile erzeugt, die auf der Stirnseite der Sprengladung 1, welche dem Schnitt AA entspricht, in diese eindringen. Dabei wird die Sprengladung sukzessive - in der Zeichnung von links nach rechts - zerlegt. Dies geschieht entweder mechanisch oder chemisch auf einem niedrigen Energielevel (deflagrativ). Der zentrale Hohlraum 3 dient hierbei als Kompensationsraum zur Aufnahme von Sprengladungsresten. Im zerlegten Teil 1a der Sprengladung 1 sinkt dabei die Dichte der Sprengladung unter einen kritischen Wert. Unterhalb dieses Werts ist die Sprengladung nicht mehr zu einer Detonation fähig.The representation in FIG. 4 is based on the same arrangement as in the FIG. 3 is shown. Here, however, the ignition chain ZK 3 of the Zerlegerladung 5 is ignited as the first time t 1 . According to the illustration of the bursting charge 5, for example, EFP projectiles generated on the front side of the explosive charge 1, which corresponds to the section AA, penetrate into this. The explosive charge is successively - in the drawing from left to right - disassembled. This happens either mechanically or chemically at a low energy level (deflagrative). The central cavity 3 serves as a compensation space for receiving explosive charge remnants. In the disassembled part 1a of the explosive charge 1, the density of the explosive charge drops below a critical value. Below this value, the explosive charge is no longer capable of detonation.

Nach einer wählbaren Verzögerungszeit Δt = t2 - t1 wird auch die Zündkette ZK 2 der Sprengladung 1 initiiert und die Detonationswellen 10 - 30 breiten sich wie oben beschrieben aus. Dadurch wird im verbliebenen Teil der Sprengladung 1 die Hülle 7 in natürliche Splitter NSPL zerlegt.After a selectable delay time Δt = t 2 -t 1 , the ignition chain ZK 2 of the explosive charge 1 is also initiated and the detonation waves 10 - 30 propagate as described above. As a result, the shell 7 is decomposed into natural fragments NSPL in the remaining part of the explosive charge 1.

Durch Variation der Verzögerungszeit Δt lässt sich auf diese Weise die Splitter- und die Blastleistung zwischen 0% und 100% einstellen. Die Leistung der Wirkladung ist somit in weiten Grenzen einstellbar.By varying the delay time .DELTA.t can be set in this way, the splitter and the blast performance between 0% and 100%. The power of the active charge is thus adjustable within wide limits.

Die Figur 5 zeigt eine ähnliche Anordnung wie die Figur 1, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, dass die Zündkette ZK 2 nun etwa in der Mitte der Sprengladung 1 angeordnet ist. Dies kann zum einen durch Verschieben der Zündkette ZK 2 aus Figur 1 innerhalb des Hohlraums 3 erreicht worden sein. Zum anderen können auch beispielsweise zwei stationäre Zündketten in den beschriebenen Positionen angeordnet sein.The FIG. 5 shows a similar arrangement as the FIG. 1 , but with the difference that the ignition chain ZK 2 is now located approximately in the middle of the explosive charge 1. This can be done by moving the ignition chain ZK 2 out FIG. 1 have been achieved within the cavity 3. For another Also, for example, be arranged two stationary Zündketten in the described positions.

Bei dieser Anordnung breitet sich die Detonationsfront 11, 21, 31 im Fall der Initiierung zunächst vorzugsweise radial bezüglich der Hauptachse 2 aus. Sie erreicht schließlich die Halterung 6 mit den darin gelagerten Pellets PE, die dadurch initiiert werden, wohingegen sich durch die Halterung nur eine langsamere Stoßwelle ausbreitet Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass man nach der Halterung viele sich punktförmig in die Sprengladung 1 ausbreitende Detonationsfronten hat. Durch Überlagerung dieser Fronten ergeben sich hohe Druckspitzen . Die daraus entstandene Form der Detonationsfront 31 führt anschließend in der Hülle 7 zu einer kontrollierten Zerlegung, beispielsweise in der Gestalt größerer Splitter KSPL. Die Zündkette ZK 3 der Zerlegerladung 5 wird hierbei nicht aktiviert. Die Leistung der Sprengladung 1 wird somit nicht dosiert. Die Einstellbarkeit der Leistung ist schließlich mit Hilfe einer Anordnung gemäß Figur 6 möglich. Die grundsätzliche Anordnung in Figur 6 entspricht derjenigen von Figur 5. Zusätzlich wird jedoch zum Zeitpunkt t1 die Zündkette ZK 3 aktiviert, die - ähnlich wie bereits zu Figur 4 beschrieben - mittels beispielsweise hier der Projektile EFP von der Stirnseite her die Sprengladung 1 zerlegt. Damit kann in ähnlicher Weise die Splitter- und die Blastleistung der Sprengladung 1 von 0% bis 100% variiert werden.In this arrangement, the detonation front 11, 21, 31 initially propagates in the case of initiation preferably radially with respect to the main axis 2. It finally reaches the holder 6 with the stored therein pellets PE, which are initiated by, whereas only a slower shock wave propagates through the holder in this way it is achieved that after the holder has many point-like in the explosive charge 1 propagating detonation fronts. Overlaying these fronts results in high pressure peaks. The resulting shape of the detonation front 31 then leads in the shell 7 to a controlled decomposition, for example in the form of larger splinter KSPL. The ignition chain ZK 3 of the Zerlegerladung 5 is not activated here. The performance of the explosive charge 1 is thus not metered. The adjustability of the power is finally by means of an arrangement according to FIG. 6 possible. The basic arrangement in FIG. 6 corresponds to that of FIG. 5 , In addition, however, at the time t 1, the ignition chain ZK 3 is activated, which - similar to already FIG. 4 described by means of example here the projectile EFP from the front side of the explosive charge 1 decomposed. Thus, in a similar manner, the splintering and blasting performance of the explosive charge 1 can be varied from 0% to 100%.

Die Position der Zündkette ZK 2 in Figur 6 muss nicht zwingend mittig sein. Sie kann auch außermittig rechts der Mittellage sein, wenn mehr als 50% der Sprengladung 1 mechanisch oder deflagrativ zerlegt werden sollen. Dies betrifft dann den Leistungsbereich von 0% bis 50%. Der Anteil der jeweils erzeugten Splitter ergibt sich dann wieder aus der wählbaren Verzögerungszeit Δt = t2 - t1.The position of the ignition chain ZK 2 in FIG. 6 does not necessarily have to be in the middle. It may also be off-center to the right of the central position, if more than 50% of the explosive charge 1 are to be mechanically or deflagratively disassembled. This then affects the performance range from 0% to 50%. The proportion of the splinters generated in each case then results again from the selectable delay time Δt = t 2 -t 1 .

Claims (4)

  1. Switchable cylindrical explosive charge of a warhead with a fragmenting casing and with a tubular holder, arranged within the explosive charge, for a multiplicity of pellets arranged in a distributed manner, a hollow space that extends along the principal axis of the explosive charge being provided in the explosive charge and having arranged therein at least one displaceably mounted ignition device (ZK2) or, in the region of the principal axis, two stationary ignition devices (ZK1, ZK2),
    characterized in that
    arranged on an end face (4) of the explosive charge (1) that is at a distance from the at least one displaceably mounted ignition device (ZK2) or the two stationary ignition devices (ZK1, ZK2) there are in the region of a circular line around the principal axis (2) a multiplicity of projectile-forming or fragmenting charges (5) that are arranged in a uniformly distributed manner, are aligned with the explosive charge (1) between the hollow space (3) and the tubular holder (PH) and can be ignited at a point in time (t1) that can be set in relation to the igniting point in time (t2) of the explosive charge (1); and
    the intensity of the ignited projectile-forming or fragmenting charges is limited to the deflagrative initiation of the explosive charge (1) or the disintegration thereof.
  2. Switchable cylindrical explosive charge according to Claim 1, the projectile-forming or fragmenting charges (5) being surrounded by a shockwave-damping holder (6).
  3. Switchable cylindrical explosive charge according to Claim 1 or 2, the fragmenting casing (7) being notched/continuous or covered with preformed fragments.
  4. Switchable cylindrical explosive charge of a warhead with a fragmenting casing and with a tubular holder, arranged within the explosive charge, for a multiplicity of pellets arranged in a distributed manner, a hollow space that extends along the principal axis of the explosive charge being provided in the explosive charge and having arranged therein at least one displaceably mounted ignition device (ZK2) or, in the region of the principal axis, two stationary ignition devices (ZK1, ZK2),
    characterized in that
    provided on an end face (4) of the explosive charge (1) that is at a distance from the at least one displaceably mounted ignition device (ZK2) or the two stationary ignition devices (ZK1, ZK2) there is in the region of a circular line around the principal axis (2) an annular fragmenting ring charge (5a) that is aligned with the explosive charge between the hollow space (3) and the tubular holder (PH) and can be ignited at a point in time (t1) that can be set in relation to the igniting point in time (t2) of the explosive charge (1);
    and
    the intensity of the ring charge (5a) is limited to the deflagrative initiation of the explosive charge (1) or the disintegration thereof.
EP10003729.0A 2009-04-09 2010-04-07 Selectable initiation system for a warhead Not-in-force EP2239536B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009017160A DE102009017160B3 (en) 2009-04-09 2009-04-09 Disassembling device for the explosive charge of a warhead

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EP2239536A2 EP2239536A2 (en) 2010-10-13
EP2239536A3 EP2239536A3 (en) 2014-04-02
EP2239536B1 true EP2239536B1 (en) 2017-12-27

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DE102010048570B4 (en) * 2010-10-18 2014-10-30 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Switchable Wirkladung
EP2442065B1 (en) * 2010-10-18 2017-03-29 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Switchable explosive charge
DE102012006044B3 (en) * 2012-03-27 2013-03-21 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Method and device for measuring the course of a deflagration front in a cylindrical warhead with at least two ignition devices
DE102013011404B4 (en) 2013-07-09 2015-03-19 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Method and device for power control of an active system
DE102013011786A1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-15 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Device for the controlled initiation of the deflagration of an explosive charge
DE102014004003B3 (en) 2014-03-20 2014-10-30 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Ignition system for a scalable active system
DE102014015877B3 (en) 2014-10-24 2015-08-20 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Device for controllable pressure relief of an active system
DE102019201176A1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2020-07-30 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Ordnance with a deflagration primer and method for operating such an ordnance
DE102019111818A1 (en) * 2019-05-07 2020-11-12 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Neutralizing body

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SE9101998L (en) * 1991-06-28 1992-12-29 Bofors Ab Destruction of military target having large inner volume - using shell or rocket with ring-shaped charge to penetrate outer protective wall and allow main charge to pass into target
DE10008914C2 (en) * 2000-02-25 2003-06-26 Tdw Verteidigungstech Wirksys Explosive charge for a warhead
DE10227002B4 (en) * 2002-06-18 2005-06-16 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Decomposition charge for a warhead
DE102006018687A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-08 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Switchable charge
DE102006048299B3 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-09-25 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Cylindrical active charge

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DE102009017160B3 (en) 2010-08-19
EP2239536A3 (en) 2014-04-02

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