DE102013011404B4 - Method and device for power control of an active system - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for power control of an active system comprising at least one ignition system, at least one explosive charge with or without surrounding envelope, characterized by a first ignition device Z1 for the subdetonative initiation I1 of a first charge L1, a second ignition device Z2 for the detonative initiation I2 of a second charge L2 An arrangement of the first and the second ignition device such that these ignition devices Z1, Z2 lie directly adjacent, wherein the second ignition device Z2 is arranged directly at the rear end EH of the system enclosing envelope HU, the first charge L1, as a Sprengschnur SP arranged in the region of the longitudinal axis LA is executed.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for power control of an active system comprising at least one ignition system, at least one explosive charge with or without surrounding sheath, which in turn can also be designed splitter-forming.

In the past, maximizing the impact of warheads has been at the forefront of developments, and military intervention scenarios now require warhead systems with a flexible impact. Against soft and semi-hard single and surface targets, which are mostly stationary, blast / fragmentation warheads are used, the z. T. also have a penetration capability against infrastructure targets and / or floating platforms. The maximum effect of a classic warhead not only fights the desired target, but also regularly causes unintentional damage (collateral damage). Impact and damage areas around the meeting point / detonation site may be very large and not directly changeable in size.

In contrast, the effect of flexible warhead systems is more precise and adaptable to the target, on the ground with the detonator setting or, if possible, also in the field of use (eg cockpit selectable). This can at least reduce unintentional damage and, ideally, avoid it.

• – Bei sehr später Initiierung des Detonators wird ein großer Anteil der Sprengladung durch eine überlagerte Reaktion umgesetzt. Hierdurch können zwar die Splittergeschwindigkeiten im Vergleich zur Detonation reduziert werden, aber infolge der größeren Splittermassen ändern sich die Wirk- und Schadensbereiche am Boden nicht signifikant. Demzufolge besteht gerade im Zwischenwirkmodus erheblicher Verbesserungsbedarf.
• – Die Aufrechterhaltung einer stabilen Deflagration in Längsachse der Ladung ist kritisch und bis heute nicht zuverlässig nachgewiesen.
• – Die Installation des genannten Deflagrators an der gegenseitigen Stirnfläche des Wirkkörpers bedingt zusätzlichen Raumbedarf und Änderungen der Systemnahtstellen.

From the DE 19961204 C2 and the DE 10008914 C2 ever a warhead with two opposite igniter chains for scaling of action and damage surfaces has become known. With a suitable choice of the delay times, a portion of the explosive charge detonative and the other implemented deflagrativ. Both have the following properties:

• - At very late initiation of the detonator, a large proportion of the explosive charge is converted by a superimposed reaction. As a result, although the splitter speeds compared to the detonation can be reduced, but due to the larger splinter masses, the impact and damage areas on the ground do not change significantly. Consequently, there is a considerable need for improvement, especially in the intermediate mode.
• - The maintenance of a stable deflagration in the longitudinal axis of the charge is critical and not reliably proven to date.
• - The installation of said deflagrator on the mutual end face of the active body requires additional space and changes the system seams.

The considered warheads or bombs with Blastdruck- and splinter effect are used primarily against soft and possibly also semi-hard targets, such as unarmoured vehicles, standing on the ground aircraft, radar positions and / or individuals or groups of people. Also, the effect on intrusion inside infrastructure buildings can be limited. Other applications exist in the coastal environment, especially in ports where z. B. small, fast pirate boats to the target spectrum. These tasks are covered by previously known solutions only insufficient.

The DE 102 22 184 A1 shows a warhead with two adjacently arranged ignition devices is adjustable depending on the target to be combated.

The DE 10 2009 017 160 B3 deals with a warhead, on the one hand has a detonative initiation, which is locally displaceable to achieve different splitter sizes can. Furthermore, the warhead has a subdetonative ignition device, which is usually spatially separated from the detonative initiation.

In the DE 10 2012 006 044 B3 a measuring device for the course of a propagating in a warhead deflagration front is described.

It is therefore an object of the present invention, the proven idea of the superposition of a subdetonative reaction, z. As a deflagration, and to take a detonation for the purpose of power control and limitation of the effective areas, while avoiding the mentioned weaknesses. Furthermore, the principle should also be applicable to effective systems with a significantly larger form factor and increase their reliability.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method in which an initiation of a first charge at a first time to initiate a radially propagating subdetonative reaction in charge L2 and a detonative initiation of a second charge at a second time t2 is triggered. In this case, the time of initiation of the first charge compared to the time of initiation of the second charge is set variably or eliminated depending on the target to be combated.

The advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the reaction fronts of both charges run at almost the same speeds in the same direction of the charge longitudinal axis. Over the entire charge length, almost identical superimposition conditions arise, a decisive advantage of this invention over the previous applications. Thus the effective areas and the lethality of the active bodies can be really scaled.

The two initiation locations are spatially next to each other, can even be integrated in a detonator with two ignition points.

Advantageously, after triggering the subdetonative initiation at a first time, the detonative initiation of the second charge then takes place at a second time, e.g. B. according to calculated specifications or by means of an evaluation of the measurement of the reaction progress of the first charge.

The object is further achieved according to the invention by a device having a first ignition device for the initiation of a first charge, and a second ignition device for the detonative initiation of a second charge, wherein the arrangement of the first and the second ignition device is selected such that these ignition devices lie directly adjacent, and wherein the second ignition device is arranged directly at the rear end of the system enclosing the active system.

Advantageously, the first ignition device is ignited at a first time and the second ignition device at a second time, wherein t1 ≦ t2 and wherein the time interval between t1 and t2 is decisive for the quantitative ratio of the subdetonatively converted explosive component to the detonatively converted explosive component. The ignition times are controlled according to specifications or are spontaneously adjustable. It is equally possible to set one of the ignition times in dependence on the other ignition timing and the resulting measured reaction progress.

One possible embodiment is that the first charge is designed as a detonating cord arranged in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active system. It is also possible to carry out the first charge as a plurality of detonating cords arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the active system.

An alternative according to the invention is that the function of the first charge is designed as a shaped charge or as a charge forming several projectiles. Optionally, the hollow charge may be provided with an upstream plate.

A further alternative according to the invention is that the first charge is implemented by an explosive charge core with an explosive charge of higher sensitivity than the second charge. This explosive charge core can also be covered, z. B. with a plastic sheath.

The device can also be designed so that the first charge L1 is designed as a multiplicity of explosive charge cores having a higher sensitivity arranged in the region of the longitudinal axis LA. These explosive charge cores can also be encased in plastic.

An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically simplified in the drawing and will be described in more detail below, without the invention being limited thereto. It shows

1 a longitudinal section through an active system with two arranged on one side of the active system ignition devices;

2 a time-time plot of a typical cylindrical dammed charge measured by charge-trapped VOD probes;

3 : Cuts through an active system with mixed subdetonative and detonative implementation of the explosive.

In the desired subdetonative reaction processes, the initial velocity of the splinters is reduced in the first place, which (independent of fragmentation masses and numbers) ultimately leads to one Reduction of impact and (collateral) damage surfaces. In addition, the blast pressure, in particular the first peak overpressure, is significantly reduced. The latter also depends on the damming by a shell.

The scalability device described here initiates the detonating cord arranged centrally, for example, and the subsequent detonation by means of a detonator from the same side. This has two main advantages. On the one hand, the detonation velocity of detonating cord and explosive is approximately the same over the entire charge length, resulting in approximately the same superposition ratios of the two subdetonative reaction and detonation modes. On the other hand, the installation of a compact ignition system instead of spatially distributed ignition points offers advantages in terms of installation, cost and reliability as well as impact surfaces against military targets on the ground and damage surfaces against non-military targets or objects on the ground. No cable ducts / connections, neither inside nor outside, need to be routed from the rear part to the front side. In this case, the initiation of the subdetonative reaction (here, for example, the centrally arranged detonating cord) or else by one or more, also curved, eccentrically arranged detonating cords or a combination of several subdetonation triggers can be effected.

The detonation cord can basically also be replaced by a hollow charge, the effect being set by the design of the hollow charge and possibly by additional ballasts so that the explosive charge L2 is only excited to a subdetonative conversion. The spike tip speed (possibly after the ballast plate) is then designed to be on a similar order of magnitude as the detonation rate of the explosive charge.

In principle, three different modes are distinguished during the initiation of an active system in the context of this invention, which subsequently lead to different effects.

In the least effective mode, the subdetonator (deflagrator) triggers a subdetonative reaction called deflagration or low velocity detonation (LVD). In contrast to detonation, the pressure and flame front of the multiphase reaction zone are spatially separated and can propagate at different rates. The speeds also depend on the damming, d. H. Thickness and strength of the metal shell, from. The speed of the pressure front is in the range of the speed of sound of the explosive, d. H. at a deflagration just below the speed of sound and at an LVD up to 1.4 times the speed of sound. This deflagration is z. B. initiated by the detonating cord and then propagates from the warhead center radially outward away. Since the speed of this deflagration reaction is in the order of magnitude of the speed of the explosive and thus much slower than a detonation (the detonating cord is detonatively implemented), the reaction front of the deflagration is similar to a Mach cone.

In the intermediate mode, the in 3 schematically simplified, results in a superimposed effect, which lies between the effects of a subdetonative reaction and a detonation. It can be done by initiation of the subdetonator (deflagrator) and later time-delayed initiation of the detonator. The reduction of the effect compared to a pure detonation becomes greater, the greater the time interval between the intions of the subdetonator and the detonator. The firing interval must be at least so long that, depending on the length of the warhead or the bomb, the subdetonative reaction is in no case overtaken, especially if the detonation speed of the detonating cord is smaller than that of the explosive itself. The other limit arises from the time after which the subdetonative reaction reaches the charge edge and thus the explosive charge is radially completely subdetonentially converted.

The time delay of the detonator determines the pyrotechnic scaling factor. The ignition system is programmable on it. The ignition delay .DELTA.t can be determined in several ways: once from the continuous measurement of the reaction progress (eg., By one or more corresponding probes in the explosive charge) or as a fixed value, determined from known variables such as reaction rates of z. B. detonating cord and radial velocity of the subdetonative reaction front. Furthermore, the effective system dimensions have to be considered. For each active charge type, this results in parametric data sets for the respectively desired scaling.

In the maximum effect mode, the smaller the time delay between initiating the detonating cord and the detonator, the higher the output power. To achieve the maximum detonation of the explosive, the sub-detonator is not ignited at all or the sub-detonator and detonator are ignited simultaneously (the time delay is set to zero). Then corresponds the performance of the active part of the classic ignition with a high order detonation of the entire explosive charge including the charge L1, z. B. the detonating cord.

An embodiment is exemplary in the 1 the drawing shown. This shows a schematically simplified longitudinal section through an active system, each equipped with an ignition device for an I1 initiation of the charge L1 and for a detonative initiation I2 of the charge L2. Both igniters are located not only on the same side of the active system, but they are also arranged as close to each other as possible.

In addition, the subdetonative reaction emanating from the centrally located detonating cord SP, in this case a deflagration, which is similar to a Mach cone due to its typical reaction rates in the axial and in the radial direction.

• – Detonationsgeschwindigkeit einer Sprengschnur SP: ca. 7000 m/s (fertigungsbedingte Streuungen liegen in der Größenordnung von bis zu 10%);
• – Detonationsgeschwindigkeit der Sprengladung L2: ca. 7400 m/s;
• – Schallgeschwindigkeit der Sprengladung L2: ca. 2000 m/s;
• – Deflagrationsgeschwindigkeit in der Sprengladung L1 < 2200 m/s;
• – Winkel des Mach'schen Kegels ca. 16° (bei den o. a. Geschwindigkeiten).

For understanding, typical propagation velocities of the detonations and deflagration are given below in each case for different charges:

• - Detonation velocity of a detonating cord SP: approx. 7000 m / s (production-related dispersions are of the order of magnitude of up to 10%);
• - Detonation velocity of the explosive charge L2: approx. 7400 m / s;
• - Speed of sound of the explosive charge L2: approx. 2000 m / s;
• - deflagration velocity in the explosive charge L1 <2200 m / s;
• - Angle of the Mach cone about 16 ° (at the above speeds).

The 2 shows an arrangement for measuring the course of a subdetonative reaction of an explosive, which was triggered by means disposed in the region of the longitudinal axis detonating cord. The structure of the measuring arrangement is shown in the upper left half of the diagram. Good to see the coated explosive charge L1, which surrounds the centrally arranged detonating cord SP. In the explosive charge two probes are provided parallel to the detonating cord SP. The first probe VOD1 is located close to the detonating cord SP and senses the reaction in the immediate vicinity of the detonating cord, the other is located in the vicinity of the envelope HU and senses the delayed reaction process near the envelope.

With the reaction starting in the explosive charge SP, both curves increase relatively steadily and have a slightly different slope. The velocities in the longitudinal direction indicated in the diagram were determined by means of linear regression. The velocity of the inner probe VOD1 is about 7200 m / s, slightly above the also measured detonation velocity of the detonating cord at 6900 m / s, but below the detonation velocity of the explosive charge of 7400 m / s. At the edge of the cargo, the explosive charge is a bit slower, but is still clearly controlled by the detonating cord. With the help of the known distance of the two probes can be determined reaction speeds in the radial direction, which are then in the range of the speed of sound of the explosive charge.

The outer probe signal VOD3 also shows a steeper increase in velocity at the beginning of the measurement than later. This can be explained by the fact that at the edge of the charge, the reaction and an associated increase in pressure start later (geometric start-up effects). At the other end of charge, d. H. At the end of the measurement, the reaction at the edge of the charge already subsides after approximately 200 mm of charge length. This is due to the lack of detonating cord in the lower charge segment, which leads to the reaction initially igniting and finally dying out altogether. Thus, sufficient pressure is not generated to cause a short circuit of the probe, which can then be measured indirectly by a measuring device.

In the 3 is simplified, the intermediate mode for the reduced detonative implementation of the explosive charge L2 shown. By setting a longer delay time between the ignition times of I1 and I2, part of the explosive charge L2 subdetonatively, so me little effect implemented. In the figure, the central bright part DFU is the representation of the subdetonatively converted part and the darker part DTU surrounding the lighter one is the representation of the detonatively converted part of the explosive charge. The section AA 'clarifies the concentric arrangement of the two parts DFU and DTU.

• • Radius der Sprengladung von 15 cm–20 cm, daraus folgt:
• • Zeit der vollständigen deflagrativen Umsetzung radial im Mittel ~90 μs,
• • Zeitverschiebung der beiden Detonationsfronten über 3 m Lauflänge aufgrund unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeiten ~30 μs,

If one considers a concrete example of an MK84 Dumb Bomb as a scaling example, the following parameters result:

• • radius of the explosive charge of 15 cm-20 cm, it follows:
• • time of complete deflagrative conversion radially on average ~ 90 μs,
• • Time shift of the two detonation fronts over 3 m run length due to different speeds ~ 30 μs,

This results roughly in the following ignition delay times Δt: • Minimum active power: > 1 ms >> no detonator ignition • 30% of full output: 70 μs • 60% of the full service: 40 μs • Maximum active power: 0 s >> or only detonator ignition

However, the described principle of action is not limited to this bomb, but applicable to almost all active bodies with blast / splinter effect.

Claims (10)

Device for power control of an active system comprising at least one ignition system, at least one explosive charge with or without surrounding sheath, characterized by A first ignition device Z1 for the subdetonative initiation I1 of a first charge L1, A second ignition device Z2 for the detonative initiation I2 of a second charge L2, An arrangement of the first and the second ignition device in such a way that these ignition devices Z1, Z2 lie directly adjacent, the second ignition device Z2 being arranged directly at the rear end EH of the envelope HU enclosing the active system, - The first charge L1, which is designed as a arranged in the region of the longitudinal axis LA detonating cord SP. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first ignition Z1 at a first time t1 and the second ignition Z2 are ignited at a second time t2, wherein t1 ≤ t2 and wherein the time interval between t1 and t2 according to the quantitative ratio of subdetonatively converted explosive content to detonatively converted explosive content is adjustable depending on the target to be combated. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after triggering the initiation I1 of the first charge L1 at a first time t1 then the detonative initiation I2 a second charge L2 can be triggered at a second time t2, which can be calculated according to specifications or by means of a Evaluation of the measurement of the reaction progress of the first charge L1 can be determined. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first charge L1 is designed as a plurality of arranged in the region of the longitudinal axis LA detonating cords SP. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first charge L1 is designed as a hollow charge HL or as a multiple projectile forming charge PL. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the hollow charge HL is provided with an upstream plate PV. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first charge L1 is designed as a arranged in the region of the longitudinal axis LA explosive charge core with an explosive charge of higher sensitivity. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the explosive charge core is coated with plastic. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first charge L1 is designed as a plurality of arranged in the region of the longitudinal axis LA explosive charge cores with explosive charges of higher sensitivity. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the explosive charge cores are encased in plastic.

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