DE2107102A1 - Warhead with detonation-dependent control of the direction of the explosive effect - Google Patents

Description

PATENT Attorney DIPL-ING. H. E. BOHMER

703 BOBLINGEN / WURTT. S I N I) E L F I NGE R STRASSE 49 TELEPHONE (07031) 613040

Applicant: DENIS A. Silvia

ShaIimar, Florida, V.St.A.

Official File number: New registration

February 10, 1971

Warhead with ignition-dependent control of the direction of the explosive effect

The present invention relates to a warhead or projectile head with explosive device, jacket and insulation material and in particular a special arrangement for initiating, igniting and controlling the detonation and to improve the directional effect and / or the coupling to the jacket and the environment. For this purpose new ignition and insulation techniques were used developed, with the help of which the direction of the explosive effect can be controlled.

Up to now, warheads have usually consisted of a metal jacket, the was filled with a homogeneous mass of explosive which is isotropic, i.e. spherically detonated, so that the splinters of the metal jacket are in the essentially moved on orbits perpendicular to the local surface of the warhead. The splinters could be removed from the maximum by about 7 Deflect surface normals. Since the splinters flew out in all directions, it was impossible to achieve a directed concentration of the

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To achieve splinters and thus a more effective splintering effect in any particular direction. Most common warheads do not hit the target directly, but somehow encounter the target from the side. Then, when a warhead explodes, the target spans only a small angle around the center of the warhead. If ignition inaccuracies are still allowed, the distribution of the fragments of a cylindrical warhead lying laterally to the target extends approximately over / f / 4 of an arc of a circle, i.e. even when aiming precisely with a warhead in which the jacket is arranged around the explosive charge more than half of the splinters are directed away from the target.

Due to the impossibility of using asymmetrical ignition and detonation techniques To improve the destruction efficiency significantly, one has a number of designs with changeable Tried the mutual assignment of the parts. With these constructions one tries to rearrange or align the individual parts of the warhead immediately before the detonation. Unfortunately there are considerable difficulties in doing so. The use of such projectiles at high speed in an air stream such speed creates impossible aerodynamic problems to solve, and even the fastest mechanical movement of parts within the warhead has been found to be too slow for high-speed interception tasks.

The detonators currently in use use a number of sensing elements, to discover and navigate to the center of gravity of the target. The detonator ignites the warhead when it reaches the optimum mutual position between warhead and target. After

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Side-facing and effective proximity fuses that not only target polar but also determine the azimuth coordinate segments of the target, have been successfully tested. These detonators give the explosives two different pieces of information, namely the time of the Detonation and the aiming direction. Because of the unsatisfactory state of a possible control or monitoring of the explosion, These ignition devices are designed so that they have a parallel logic are in communication with the warhead. One effective in eight directions The warhead therefore requires eight detonators and explosives, each with a safety triggering device. The igniter would then select the appropriate explosive device for ignition. The present invention is directed to a secondary explosion network, with the help of which the decoding of the output information of the electrical ignition device for a detonation of the explosive charge in the desired direction is reached. Any desired direction can be determined by series coding (i.e. the timing) of the ignition from just 2 detonators or detonators.

The invention also shows numerous other examples of ignition and Detonation devices that interact with the secondary explosion network and an explosive charge by ignition on one single point, in a chronological sequence at several points or at several points simultaneously or along a line to the explosion can bring.

Furthermore, analog-digital conversions of the detonation of the mass of the explosive device of the warhead are given, which are also effective Control of the effective detonation speed allowed.

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Furthermore, new types of means are also given, around which not previously effectively exploited explosive charge can also be used as an incendiary device and for further destruction. If you generalize this thought, In this way, a wide variety of constructions with a variable ratio of charge mass to metal mass (C / M) can be built. The different Combinations of these features can be used to manufacture improved warheads. Overall, the invention provides a improved arrangement of explosive devices, jacket and insulation materials and in cooperation with the aforementioned network as well as the ignition process and a detonation rate control an essential one Improvement in the design of warheads with a much more effective concentration of fragmentation and a significant better exploitation of the explosive force.

The invention will now be combined with the aid of exemplary embodiments described in more detail with the accompanying drawings. It shows:

1 schematically shows the explosive effect of a warhead of known type;

2a to c show the course of the explosion of a cylindrical warhead with an explosive charge lying outside the shell and insufficient speed of the inner shell to remove it squeeze and push out;

3a to d show an explosion sequence for one constructed according to the invention cylindrical warhead in which the explosive charge surrounds a metal casing thin enough to be compressed and to be cast out;

Fig. 4a to c schematically several modifications in the shape of the Mass of explosives, causing the detonation to propagate around the circumference of the cylindrical explosive charge is effectively extended;

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Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the invention with an annular Explosive mass for detonating at least one in radial direction outside explosive charge;

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a two-point ignition ring-shaped or cylindrical explosive charge encountered difficulties; ?

Fig. 7 is a similar schematic view as Fig. 6 using a number of explosive diodes, with the help of which a two-point detonation is possible;

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a warhead according to FIG Invention to illustrate the relationship between the detonation ring and the main explosive charge;

Figure 9 is a partial view of the end plates shown in Figure 8;

FIGS. 10a to c show a schematic view of an explosive diode network for connecting the individual explosive segments of the warhead in FIG. 8;

Fig. Π an electrical diode network, which corresponds to the explosives diode network corresponds to Fig. 10;

Figure 12 is a schematic view of a linear explosive diode;

13 is a schematic sectional view of an explosives diode network, with the aid of which a linear detonation of the explosive device in FIG. 10 using linear explosive diodes is achieved;

Figure 14 is a partial view of a logic constructed from explosives Element according to the present invention for controlling the Detonation of a selected segment in a warhead;

15 a and b are schematic views for explaining the operation the explosives logic in Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention for initiating isotropic ignition if the ignition device fails;

FIG. 17a shows a schematic view of an ignition ring according to FIG. 16 for a warhead with 8 sectors;

Fig. 17b and '■ & - schematic views of other ignition devices for isotropic-ignition;

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Figure 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view for a simple detonation delay for ignited explosive segments which are arranged around a cylindrical jacket;

Fig. 19 is a side view, partly in section, of Fig. 18;

Figure 20 is a schematic sectional view of a planar detonation control system for surfaces of any shape;

FIG. 21 is a schematic flow diagram of the wave trajectories of FIG Fig. 20;

22 shows a schematic plan view of the arrangement of FIGS. 20, 21;

Figure 23 is a sectional view of a hexagonal array of explosive segments using the explosive diode coupling according to FIG. 20;

Fig. 24 is a schematic view showing the explosive diode connection the explosive segments of Figure 23;

FIG. 25 schematically shows a sectional view similar to FIG. 20 for illustration of the various explosive segments and delay elements;

26 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of a warhead below Use of the arrangement according to FIG. 25 for a corresponding shaping of the jacket;

27 is a schematic plan view of a warhead with a cylindrical explosive charge filled with a fragment core is;

28 schematically shows a view similar to FIG. 27 to illustrate the Detonation sequence in order to achieve a directed fragmentation effect;

Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 29-29 in Figure 28;

Fig. 30 is a schematic view of the placement of an incendiary core in each explosive segment;

Fig. 31 schematically shows a sectional view of another asymmetrical one Time sequence arrangement according to FIG. 19;

Fig. 32 schematically shows a sectional view of an arrangement to a successive Detonate the explosive segments with the help of MetaU impact prisms;

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33 shows a number of circular and T-shaped linear AND arrangements; which are arranged concentrically around an explosive core;

34 schematically shows a typical line shock wave generator;

35 shows an insulating device for eliminating the collision fronts in the generator of Fig. 34;

36 is a cross-sectional view of a line-shaped detonation enclosure with a number of linear AND arrangements;

37 is a schematic view of grouped linear or planar AND arrangements;

Fig. 38 is another schematic view of two groups of opposed directed linear or planar AND arrangements

and

39 shows a further embodiment of the oppositely directed linear or planar AND arrays with precisely controlled delay that allows the outboard Sentence passes through the inside sentence.

Although the isotropic or kugeiförmige detonation many warheads is useful and sometimes even desired _r it can nevertheless often be desirable to concentrate the lethality of the explosive in a predetermined direction laterally to the relative movement of the warhead. Often a projectile or missile with a cylindrical warhead only reaches the vicinity of the target and is set so that the warhead explodes when it passes the target. In this case, however, the entire destructive effect should be directed transversely to the axis of the cylindrical warhead in the direction of the target. However, this is not possible if a cylindrical warhead detonates isotropically, fragments of the jacket surrounding the explosive charge being ejected radially outward 36o around the axis of the cylindrical warhead. Such an arrangement is shown schematically in FIG. 1.

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shaped warhead 10 detonates in the immediate vicinity of one Objective 12. The arrows 14 show the fragment distribution and it is clear that only the fragments of the warhead jacket within the angle <^, will reach goal 12 at all. The majority of shell fragments is therefore thrown away from the target if the jacket is arranged outside the explosive charge, even if it is extremely good Arrangement of the various ignition devices within the warhead.

Because it was previously impossible by ignition mechanisms or ignition techniques To improve the destruction efficiency of warheads, various warheads with changeable geometrical arrangement of the individual parts examined in relation to each other. These attempts were about the parts of the warhead immediately before detonation quickly still to be realigned. However, the very rapid deployment of missiles and projectiles in high-speed air currents has unsolvable aerodynamics Consequence of problems and even the fastest mechanical movement of parts within the warhead has fired itself upon interception, who fly at very high speeds proved to be too slow.

In order to eliminate these difficulties, the arrangement according to Fig. 2, in which a cylindrical explosive charge has a hollow inside Surrounds core or a destruction mechanism 18 .. Will the cylindrical Explosive charge detonated along line 20 in Fig. 2a, which is located on the side of the core 18 facing away from the target, then this core 18 is initially, as shown in FIGS. 2b and 2c, accelerated in the direction of the target. At the same time, however, plants

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the detonation wave continued around the core at a detonation speed of 7575 m / sec. However, this is generally much faster than the speed of the fragment, so that the detonation travels very quickly around the inner core, thus canceling out the original impulse and its effect on the core. This construction is only really useful if it is possible that the core penetrates the explosive charge before the two detonation fronts, which run around the cylindrical explosive charge in opposite directions, can meet. If this can be achieved, then the splinters are additionally accelerated instead of decelerated.

This can be achieved that the detonation along a Line parallel to the cylinder axis, as shown in Fig. 3, is initiated. You ignite a detonator that divides like a fork 20 at a point or along a line at a certain distance from and parallel to the hollow cylindrical explosive charge, so there will be two separate waves of explosion in the cylindrical one Hit explosive charge, whereby a point is initially pressed in on the inner core (Fig. 3a). That's for an easy one Crossing the cavity and forming knife-shaped splinters is very desirable. A large proportion of explosives mass to metal mass (C / M) would be primarily intended for the combat against fast-flying targets and the penetration of armor plates. The detonation and the compression of the metal jacket takes place in the order of FIGS. 3b to 3d; how clearly As can be seen in FIG. 3d, the detonation fronts of the explosive of the cylindrical explosive charge only meet after the metal jacket the explosive charge has already penetrated to the outside, so

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that the final detonations of the explosive help rather than prevent the ejection of the metal core. The speed ν of the metal core can be approximated by the following formula

ν = k (D + d) / 2 χ (D + d) ZoIl / inch / see (or m / m / see)

where there is no scale factor (ie how many times the metal core advances through its diameter), d is the diameter of the core and D is the diameter of the outer shell. Thus // (D + d) JUS is equal to the time it takes for the detonation to run halfway around the cylindrical explosive charge to one point opposite the ignition position. thats why

v = K (4/3 χ TO ⁴ ) feet / see = Π .333 feet / see

= 3434 m / sec

when K = 1.

The required speed of the ejected inner core from almost 3,636 m / sec is quite high, but should be achievable.

With a cylindrical warhead, there are several ways to to reach this goal. For example, you can choose a high C / M ratio or you can evacuate the core. at evacuated core increases the energy released by the core mantle and the deformation in the interior of the cavity caused by pressure and volume changes in the air is eliminated. Supported a linear detonation also the achievement of an optimal detonation blast wave

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and a follow-up ignition along the Z coordinate of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder causes a restriction to the Z-axis by creating shock collision surfaces as artificial insulation.

Instead of going through the kernmantle at an extremely high speed Hurling the inner cavity can be done with just as good directivity an equally effective construction to achieve the goal, in which the detonation even a longer period of time around the circumference of the cylindrical explosive charge required than usual. It is not practical to reduce the detonation velocity immediately. However, the effective detonation speed can be reduced by that the path traversed by the detonation is lengthened. Such an arrangement is initially shown in a greatly simplified form in Fig. 4a, in which part of a cylindrical explosive charge 24 is shown, the is sinusoidal or wave-shaped, so that when the detonation ignition takes place at point 26, the detonation must travel a much longer path to a point diametrically opposite to Reach point 26. A somewhat better embodiment is shown in Fig. 4b, in which the annular explosive charge 28 has a series of incisions 30, which extend from the circumference inward, and an alternating number of incisions 32, which extend from the inside to extend outside. In Fig. 4c is a modification of that shown in Fig. 4b Construction shown to achieve convergence or divergence of shock waves in all sectors instead of just every other sector, as in Fig. 4.

This construction and working principle can also be applied to the construction use a detonation ring, which in turn initiates the explosion of another explosive charge in a warhead. An example of a sol-

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Chen arrangement is shown in Fig. 5, where a thin ring 4o of highly explosive Material at point 42 is ignited. The detonation runs in opposite directions around the ring 40 and the detonation fronts meet at point 44 and cause an impact there, which penetrates the insulating ring 46 and the one lying radially outside highly explosive charge 48 detonates.

Around the point on the ring v / o the detonation collision takes place, to change, it is possible to detonate the ring at two separate selected points according to a predetermined time sequence bring to. As shown in Fig. 6, it is possible to have a detonation collision at any point along the short arc of the ring 50 between points A and B by taking the time of detonation chooses accordingly at each of these points. Unfortunately there is also a mirror-inverted point at which as well such a collision occurs. Is the desired detonation point At point 52, it is clear that the detonation at point A has now covered the angle <λ and the detonation at point B has covered the angle / S Has. The mirror image collision occurs in the middle of the remaining angle. If you now take a third source of detonation on the ring 50 and arranges these points on the ring in such a way that all three points are equidistant from one another, then it is possible to ignite the detonation points A and B one after the other in such a way that the detonation collision on the short piece of arc at one predetermined location takes place «Here, too, a mirror-image collision point will arise. But for this it is necessary that one of the detonation times from A or from B runs through the third detonation point.

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Arrange the three points A, B and C - as shown in FIG. 7 - at points equidistant from one another on the ring 54, and add a blocking / detonating diode 56 or 58 to each side of the point C a, the suppression of the mirror-image collision point can be achieved. Since the detonation can occur at two of the three points, the explosive diodes 60 and 62 must be arranged on both sides of the point A and the explosive diodes 64 and 66 on both sides of the point B. These explosive diodes can be constructed and arranged as shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,430, issued March 4, 1969. If the detonation at points A and B in FIG. 7 occurs one after the other in the same order as previously described for FIG. 6, the detonation waves will meet at a predetermined point between A and B. Point B runs to point C, passes through the diode 64 unhindered, but is extinguished by the diode 58 before it can coincide with the detonation we I Ie emanating from point A along section 70 in the direction of point C. In this way, the desired detonation wave collision and the subsequent ejection of the fragments on each of the three arcuate sections of the ring can take place at a predetermined location by initiating the detonation at two of the three detonation points in the correct order, and the collision of the other detonation waves is thereby prevents »

A practical arrangement for such a detonation ring according to FIG. 7 is shown in FIG. 8, where a cylindrical warhead with a thin outer jacket 72, a cylindrical explosive charge with an internal metal jacket core 74 is provided. Be there

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either two explosive end plates 76 and 78 and one Detonation ring 8o or one of the multiple ignition arrangements to be explained later used, which is then mounted in the hollow cylindrical interior of the explosive charge 74. Only two safety release devices are required for detonator 82. Nonetheless, the option of using the warhead in each of them remains to detonate the desired triggering direction. The ones made of explosives Existing end plate 78 can, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, consist of individual wedge-shaped pieces, so that the detonation of the End plate is synchronized with the detonation of the segments of the warhead.

If one now looks again at the cylindrical arrangement of highly explosive objects Explosives according to Fig. 4a to 4c, with which one can achieve an effective lengthening of the detonation path, one can see that you can also provide a number of independent explosive segments, which are through a special explosive diode network are connected to each other in order to ensure the desired temporal and spatial sequence of the detonation «Such an arrangement Figure 10a shows in which a ring 80 is divided into a number of explosive segments 82 and 84 which are supported by a suitable diode network ™ Werk 86 are interconnected. Fig. I Ob shows an enlarged

Partial view of the explosives network lying between segments 82 and 84 86 and FIG. TOc then give a detailed view of one such a diode network. The explosives diode network consists of three insulation panels 88, 90 and 92, with the explosives diode is formed by cutouts of the insulation board 90. Each of the two outer insulation panels 88 and 92 has cylindrical bores 94, which are filled with highly explosive explosives. This boh-

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Stanchions are aligned with the ends of diodes 89 and 91 shown in FIG intermediate insulation plate or buffer plate 90 are arranged. If, for example, during the ignition process the explosive segment 84 is ignited first at the left end of FIG. TOb, then the detonation proceeds in the direction of the arrow until it hits the explosive charge 94 between the ends of the explosive segment 84. The explosion then travels through the diode in Direction of the arrow and initiates the explosion of the explosive segment 82 and so on along the cylindrical network. The electric Analog of the diode network is shown in FIG.

The arrangement of the explosive segments just described, through an explosive diode network connected to one another is suitable for detonations introduced from the end, such as this in context with FIG. 8 was described. However, the detonation trajectory deceleration methods can be used also apply to an explosive detonated along a line and the correct detonation for each target point requires a network of the same type as for the detonated warhead. In this case, however, another logical device is used, Namely a linear explosive diode is required to ignite the line maintain. The linear explosive diode is a further development of the subsequent application to the US patent that has been kept secret 3 340 564 described explosive diode. Such a linear explosive diode 100 is shown in FIG. 12 and consists of a first thin planar portion 102 and a second planar portion Section 104 of greater thickness. This arrangement uses the so-called Angular effect that occurs when a thin explosive charge is detonated along its surface. The required thickness depends depends on the explosives used. For the explosives made by DuPont EL 506 C, this thickness is about 0.635 mm. For more sensitive ones

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A thinner layer may be required during explosives a greater layer thickness may be appropriate for less sensitive explosives. This layer thickness is called the critical thickness and just enough to sustain a detonation. With these layer thicknesses, detonation can be prevented in the simplest way be that sharp corners or edges are provided and the corner effect occurs when the detonation shock wave around them sharp edge should spread around it. In this case, namely, the shock wave walk in a wide arc around the sharp edge, leaving an approximately crescent-shaped piece 106 of unexploded explosive. The channel into which the shock wave of the detonation wants to enter is now made so narrow that the end of the channel at the edge is completely inside of the non-detonated area remains, this causes the detonation deleted »So the explosives cannot come from a wide channel detonated into a narrow channel, although a detonation shock wave, which runs from a narrow canal into a wide one, has no difficulty getting around the edge. In order to results in an explosive diode with a continuous path of secondary explosives.

If the linear diode described above is used, the various Segments of the warhead are connected to one another by a block of four such linear diodes, such as this is shown in FIG. The explosive segments 110 and 112 are separated from one another by four insulating elements 114, 116, 118 and 120, which are arranged to one another so that wide channels 122, 124, 126 and 128 and narrow channels 130, 132, 134 and 136 are formed. One in Detonation beginning segment 110 continues through channels 122 and 134 away. Since the detonation arriving through the narrow channel 134

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merges into a white channel 126, the detonation can overcome the edge and continue to propagate through the central chamber 138 while the detonation coming in through the wide channel 122 is extinguished, since it cannot penetrate into the narrow channel 130. In the same way the progressing detonation in the central chamber 138 will occur extinguish in the narrow channel 128, since it cannot get into the narrow channel 136 while the one advancing through the narrow channel 132 Detonation can get into the wide channel 124 and initiates the detonation of the segment 112 from there. So in this way it becomes linear Ignition of each segment in the correct order and with the correct time interval initiated in this way effectively the trajectory of progressive detonation around the perimeter of the warhead to extend.

A linear AND arrangement can be achieved with the inFig. 14 and 15 Build the arrangements drawn using the angle effect. For example, a detonation running along the upper arm 140 is due to the sufficient thickness of the arm 140 is maintained, but the perpendicular leg is too thin, so that the detonation per se threatens to go out, but is constantly being triggered anew by the progressive detonation of the upper arm, as indicated by the Wavefronts 146 is indicated (Fig. 14). Two output channels 148 and 150 are connected to the vertical segment 142. if the shock wave only runs along the upper arm and the vertical segment, ddrinisf the shock wave is not strong enough to get around the edge to pass from vertical segment 142 into horizontal section 148 or 150, as can best be seen in Fig. 15b. However, it runs a detonation in the lower arm 152 in the opposite direction,

then a similar decreasing shock wave runs along the narrower one

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vertical segment 142. If the two detonation fronts, which are not sufficiently strong per se, meet, as shown in FIG. 50 Propagation can, depending on where the detonation of the lower arm 152 and the upper arm 140 meet. Thus, by means of a suitable time sequence of the detonations in the lower or upper arms 152 or 140, a selected output segment is ignited, which in turn ignites the correct segment of a cylindrical warhead in order to initiate a detonation of the warhead aimed in the desired direction .

Another embodiment of annular detonators for cylindrical warheads is shown in FIGS. In FIg. 16, the detonators deliver impulses to the channel 160 filled with high-explosive material at a time interval of two different points, so that the detonations spread in opposite directions around the channel 160 and meet at point 162. When the two waves of defonation hit point 162, the detonation continues through the damperio! 164 through FSSF and ignites the cylindrical warhead at this point ,, the same Wssse the detonation run along the channels 168 and 170 to a delay device 172 into which effectively is longer than the channel 160. Thus, when one of the two detonators should fail, The detonation is running through the delay device 172 to initiate a central isotropic detonation of the warhead.

17 shows the isotropic ignition of an arrangement according to FIG. 16 within a hollow cylindrical warhead with 3 high-explosive warheads

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fabric segments! 74, which are separated from one another by insulating strips 176 are. By choosing the correct timing of ignition of the detonators the detonation propagates in opposite directions along channel 160 and hits against a predetermined one Explosive segment on top of one another, pierces the dam wall 164 and detonates the selected explosive segment 174.

FIG. 17b shows a modification in the design of the explosive channel 160 used in FIGS. And 17a. Should one of the two Do not ignite the detonator and initiate the detonation within channel 160 at point A or point B, then the Detonation of the other ignition point completely the whole channel 160 and run into the heart-shaped channel 178 for the isotropic ignition of the warhead »A similar isotropic Ignition can be achieved with the help of the T-shaped ignition ring in Fig. 17c, which is constructed similarly to that in connection with Figs. 14 and Ϊ5. So should one of the ignition devices or Detonators do not detonate in the duct either 140 or 152, none of them will turn into opposites Direction of moving detonation waves result in the dashed line indicated explosive segment 150 to initiate a detonation. Then a single detonation will completely encircle the T-shaped ring and enter a channel that initiates the isotropic detonation, similar to that shown in Fig. 17b. Suppress locking devices or block the isotropic ignition channels at B and A if a detonation occurs at A or B, so that the normal detonation process is not disturbed by an isotropic detonation can be.

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In FIG. 18, the explosive segments 180 are arranged around a solid or hollow core 182 and are separated from one another by individual insulating strips 184. This arrangement is similar to the arrangement of the explosive segments shown in FIG. 10, but with the difference that here the various segments are connected to one another not by diodes but by U-shaped pieces of mildly detonating explosive charges 186 which extend between the individual segments 180 the insulating walls 184 extend therethrough. The ignition logic together with the detonators, safety release and electrical connections can be attached to a plastic disk and attached directly to the upper end of the warhead, as shown in FIG. 19. Therefore, a detonation initiated in one of the segments 180 will pass along the mildly detonating primer 186 into the next explosive segment on both sides and detonate the corresponding segments with the corresponding delay. - _N

Thus the detonation would go from segment to segment in opposite directions Advance directions to achieve the correct direction of the explosive force, and the fragmentation effect. The core 182 can through End plates closed and either evacuated or provided with a splinter core, as will be described in detail will. A typical construction consists of a plastic mold molded into a metal housing with both the inner and the outer jacket can be made in one piece for greater rigidity. Once assembled, the mildly detonating igniter will be used or a similar shielded detonation line is used and the main explosive charge is filled. The plastic jacket serves as a form for the ignition cable as well as for the main

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explosive charge and the insulation. The metal jacket serves as a destruction mechanism and give the whole construction a hold. The only critical part (ignition logic) is in a sturdy plastic disc included, so that this new design significantly reduced cost and also a considerable improvement over heretofore common warheads.

Another embodiment of the detonation control according to FIGS 19 shows an arrangement according to FIG. 20, in which a shielded or sheathed detonation fuse 188 is inserted into the explosive segment 190 extends into it and, as already described, an explosive diode 192, which consists of a wide part 194 and a narrow part 196 exists so that the progressive detonation is only in one direction can spread. The result of this arrangement is that shown in FIG Detonation behavior in which the detonation spreads from one explosive segment to the next only in a predetermined direction «

In Fig. 22, an arrangement of high-explosive segments 198 is shown with a detonating fuse 200 in the center of each sector and with explosive diode connections 202 extending therefrom to each of the adjacent four segments in the vicinity of the four sides of the respective main segment. Each of the explosive diode branches 202 includes a diode similar to the so that the detonation wave only from a segment 198 according to one described in connection with the diode ^196: adjacent segment, and thence upwardly through the ^{Knallzüridle:} itutig "'200 zurEinleitung the ignition of the adjacent segment 198. Using this construction principle, the individual explosive segments 198 can be brought into a suitable, for example hexagonal, shape, as shown in FIGS

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and 24 is shown. The isochrone 204 (line with the same time interval) in FIG. 23 is closed and runs concentrically around the starting point 206, the arrangement of the diode connections between the various hexagonal segments for achieving this isochrones being shown in FIG. The lines at the same time distance have the same shape in cross-section as the individual segments, but are rotated slightly so that the geometrical locations of the side and corner are offset from one another. Although the elements or segments can have any shape and size, shapes of the same size that completely fill the space are preferable for practical use. Since the time delay depends both on the element size urtd and on the length, both of which can be freely selected within certain limits, any reasonable delay can be achieved. In practice, this ratio is around 4: 1 for thin-walled warheads and around 8: 1 for thick-walled warheads. In order to avoid parasitic losses resulting from the damming, the element size or grain size will be selected as large as it is compatible with the required uniformity. Since regular hexagons are the geometric shape that comes closest to the circular shape and still fills the entire plane or area, one will normally choose the hexagonal shape, although other shapes are not excluded in order to achieve an adaptation to the outer shape, i.e. that the isochrone follows the explosive shell uniformly.

For an elongated load, this can provide the right time delay chosen element only have a fraction of the total length of the load. For example, as shown in Figure 25, extension explosive segments 208 can be inserted. Such explosive segments can be used to support the formation of fragments according to FIG. 6,

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by a housing 210 adjoining the end of a number of segments 212, which in turn is provided with individual elements of an arrangement 214 of delay elements according to FIG. 23 are aligned. In this way, the shock waves 216 become the splinter plate in a prescribed time sequence and thus achieve a splinter shape as shown at 218.

As already mentioned, the deliberately fired warhead is initially optimally constructed in terms of its external geometric dimensions. The construction, in which the explosive charge is arranged around the jacket, is optimal for all target directions. The two main variants are the hollow and the solid construction , the height construction having already been discussed in connection with FIG. 3. Such a construction gives a very narrow, dense fragmentation effect, similar to a bundled or shaped explosive charge. The massive or splinter-core construction has advantages when a somewhat imprecise but still well-aimed shot is desired. The simple splinter core has been proposed per se, but has proven to be quite ineffective without control.

If one now looks at the splinter core structure according to FIG. 27, one can see that the core 218 consists of a number of segments that form the by the explosive charge 220 surrounded interior of the inner jacket completely to complete. If the explosive charge is detonated at point 222, then the directivity along the arrow 224 on the opposite side of the explosive charge. The core, although initially when detonated of the high-explosive device driven in the target direction, but then experiences an impulse of almost the same size in the opposite direction Direction, 'since the detonation speed is about five times as great

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like the speed of the core. Therefore the detonation runs completely around the explosive ring before the fragment core can be ejected by the explosive. If you now apply the above Digital technology on the splinter core construction, so you can effectively reduce the detonation speed, but you can loses the explosives segment between core and target. Although the smallest possible unused sector about the size of the core corresponds to and lies between lines 226 and 228, but represents a somewhat larger sector, which corresponds to about 20% of the explosive charge mass and lies between lines 230 and 232 is a more realistic assumption for the dispersion of the core material. This sector is functional a part of the core so that it is effectively part of the metal mass and not the explosive mass.

If one applies the digital technology already described to the arrangement 27, then the explosive ring can be divided into three concentric rings 234, 236 and 238 in FIG.

The inner ring 238 is divided into eight fairly large pairs of cells. A symmetry in eight identical directions is advantageous for a warhead that can be detonated in eight directions. The second ring is divided into 20 cells or 10 pairs of cells and the outer ring 234 divided into 24 cells. Each cell is insulated from the neighboring one and, if necessary, connected to it by explosive diodes. The number of rings and their subdivisions are here arbitrarily chosen. The depth of each ring can be adjusted according to the desired Change time delay. Since it is desirable that the cells lying in the vicinity of the unused sector detonate just then, when the fragment core leaves the explosive, the detonation is symmetrical

-25-

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_25- 2 10/102

tric to the finish line and on the remote from the finish line Page are initiated. It is desirable that the outer ring something "sharper" is than the inner rings / around the splinters tightly into the to align the desired direction and to achieve an implosion effect. In Fig. 28 the various lines are equidistant in time Drawn in intensified, as can be seen at 240, and with a time sequence of the detonation corresponding to the numbers, the time units represent, we d achieved the desired result. The detonation will be zero on either side of the finish line in the middle ring initiated. The middle and the inner ring can have a delay of two time units per cell. The outer ring with more cells has a delay of one unit per cell. After about 12 time units, the warhead has fulfilled its function. During this time the core should have come so far that the center of the core is near the edge of the warhead, the warhead with the propellant charge still partly in connection stands. For example, if the core speed is 2424 m / sec, this means:

for 12 time units

R fm] 0.15 _ 1 , .. _t . _t

T ~ 2424 ~ ToJDÖÖ " ^{sec graded} ' ^gt

1 -3

and thus for 1 time unit s or 0.0052 χ 10 s = 5.2lis

.. _m I VZ · UUU /

However, this value is well within what is possible using the digital method Delay with a cell height of about 12.7mm for the outer Ring and about 25.4 mm for the inner rings.

- 26 -

10 9837/1045

Fig. 29 is a cross section through Fig. 28 showing the relationship of the delay elements and the parts surrounding the core 218. The designer of warheads, who deals with a system that is extremely uneconomical from the start (less than 1% of the possible energy of the explosive liquid normally reaches the target) hardly agrees to allow a 20% loss rate in the build-up of the fragment core. One possibility of compensating for part of these losses, which can also be used for many other blasting systems, will now be described in connection with FIG. Although detonation of the above, lying in the target direction, unexploited sector of the warhead can not be allowed, as this sector can but nuch the ejection of Splitterkemes detonates or be forced to Verpyffung. The core becomes about 60 micorosec. ejected, so that after a few 100 msec the ejected explosive can hardly noticeably influence the fragmentation effect of the core, whether it still detonates or not. In fact, however, a deflagration with transition to detonation about 10 msec after the ejection of the core would find the ejected parts in the vicinity of the target, which is quite desirable.

The ejected part is already divided into individual chunks, so that it is quite possible that parts of it were not expelled. Slight modification of the thickness of the insulation material and also of the segmentation of the connecting segments (by making them thicker with insulating layers with detonation passages) would be sufficient, those with ejected, to include the non-detonated explosives sector in the destruction mechanism, if a practical way of non-detonating decomposition can be found. That under the trade name "Pyrocore" material available for an ignition core is exactly what is available for this task is needed »Get one out of this materia! loading

-27-

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1 107102

If the ignition core 239 is present in the sectors 237 or in the insulating layer 241, decomposition can be achieved at the speed of a detonation, but without an actual detonation. Such an arrangement of ignition cores in different sectors is shown in FIG.

31 shows a method of increasing the scattering effect by using explosive diodes 240, which are switched on for coupling, between the individual legs of U-shaped detonating cord connectors in order to make the path for the propagation of the detonation longer in one direction than in the others. The asymmetry introduced in this way results in multiple collisions and thus an increased scattering effect. m

A delay technique that is slightly different and possibly more compact _; ah that described in Fig. 20 makes use of the interaction between explosives and metal or other types of shock wave conductors. Explosives plates 242 alternate with layers of insulating material 244. Metal caps 246 form shock prisms which are mounted alternately on the top and on the bottom, to form a wave-shaped Detonafionsbahn. In this directly continuous web thinner layers can be used explosives, and the strength of the shock while penetrating back from the metal prisms in the explosives can focused to the local increase of the effect or concentrated advertising M

For an improved method of linear ignition of a cylindrical The warhead becomes a detonable device after eight soaps adopted, although this construction, as well as the ring and detonation fire processes ^ are applicable to any other number of directions. With the conventional solution, only the eight target directions would be

-28-

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gene of the T-ring of FIGS. 14 and 15 via one of 8 separate line wave generators Ignite the leading ignition cable. Although possible, this solution is largely ineffective because it involves eight layers of explosives with sufficient mutual insulation. Such parasitic losses would benefit from the directivity surely nullify. Therefore, two alternative solutions, whose each has its own advantages, suggested.

The first solution is shown in Fig. 33, in which a number of T-shaped Explosive rings stacked around the explosive material are. A pair of timed detonators 252 and 254 control the respective channel 146 and 152 of each T-ring. The corresponding explosive segment is then detonated at several points at the same time. This process has the advantage of being continuous Explosives path from detonator to warhead segment, however, will also result in the layer formation typical for multipoint detonation. Whether this is desired depends largely on the desired mechanism of destruction.

Another somewhat more complicated embodiment can either be an ignition at several points or along a continuous line. A typical line wave generator is shown at 260 in FIG and consists of a triangular explosive plate with numerous holes 262. The holes are in rows equidistant from the Sides arranged so that when the generator is detonated at its tip 164, the shock wave front follows an undulating path between Must take holes. The shock wave front is therefore in innumerable small ones Wavefronts split at the base of the triangle with an essentially arrive at the flat front, as indicated at about 266.

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_ ₂₉ _ 2 iÜ / 102

Instead of a triangular shape, a cylindrical shape can also be selected, which fits just about the circumference of a cylindrical warhead. The holes can then be placed in the material in vertical and horizontal rows so that the individual rows are offset from one another. If such a cylinder detonates at a point roughly halfway between the ends of the cylinder, the shock wave will be planted in both of them Directions continue around the warhead, with the shock wave fronts along a vertical line on the cylindrical element immediately opposite collide with the starting point. The shock wave collision can thereby be used in the usual way to penetrate the warhead, either by penetrating an insulation layer or through Use of linear AND logic at the alignment points. If the use of linear AND logic is intended, then one uses for construction of this cylinder flat explosive panels with the critical thickness. Linear explosive diodes obviously work more reliably than that Penetration method.

In practice, however, the reliability of the logical TORE can turn into the opposite, since the detonation collision must take place at a TOR leading to the cylinder. This can best be seen from Fig. 36, where a number of GATES 270 are passed through the insulating ring 272 so that the detonation waves coming from the detonation point 276 meet at point 278 when circulating around the explosive ring 274 and through the gate 270 into the highly explosive charge 280 arrive. 'At;! Some SprengstofftafeImaterialien is the size of such TORIES "nryr about 0, 635 mm brings it, as shown in Figure 37, a series of such GATES 282, each separated by a thin insulating material 284, so simplified.. This difficulty - _: considerable. A collision of the shock wave fronts on any of these

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210/102

GATE 282 will detonate radially inward to the desired sector conduct.

Unfortunately, the chance that the shock wave front clashes will occur at a dam area 284 rather than at a TOR is just as great. To avoid failure in this case, as shown in FIG. 38, an identical set of GATES 286 can be attached to the opposite side of the explosive cylinder 288. In this case, the DOORS 286 lie opposite the insulating areas 284 of the other stack. Regardless of where the collision now occurs, one of the GATES will always be in the correct position to initiate the detonation. »If the detonation passes through the GATE 286, you succeeded! them into an explosives channel 290 and from there to a linear charge292 which penetrates through the insulating material 294 and 296 and reaches the target sector. The formed charge can be made as large as necessary, since only one is required in each of the sectors to be ignited.

Another possibility to extend the capture range for (linear GATE) is shown in Fig. 39, where the explosive plate 300 is divided into two explosive lanes 302 and 304, with lane 304 near the exit having a delay of D and D ' on either side of a group of finger-like GATES 306 corresponding to GATES 282 and 286. Assuming that the insulation strips 308 are as wide as the output side of the diode and the delays D, D 'are not quite the same, then the shock wave collision occurs along the outer path 302 occurs much earlier than the shock waves hit the inner lane. Another group of finger-like explosive diodes or GATES 310 lie along the inner lane with insulation strips 312. The inner and outer GATES are aligned so that when the detonators

-31 -

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-3t-

naflons walk along the outer path and join an outer GATE 305 hit, the detonation after the inner trajectory 304 and through the with The TOR aligned with the outer GATE breaks through. So that's a number! of puncture possibilities provided along the inner path. However, if there is a collision with a dam strip 308 in the outer track 302, then the shock waves travel in the inner one Orbit widen and collide in an area made of explosives. Such an arrangement of finger-like GATES can, for example can be used in the arrangement according to FIG. 17a to prevent the detonation through the insulating element 164 into the explosive segment 174 into it.

109837/1045

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS Il. J warhead with a number of interconnected warhead segments, a number of detonation devices and with ignition devices that respond when approaching a target and ignite one of the detonation devices to achieve a directional effect of the explosive force, characterized in that a secondary explosive logic and at least two detonation devices (e.g. A, B, C Fig. 7) are provided which, controlled by the ignition device, are detonated one after the other and thus select one of a large number of target directions for the main explosive force. 2 "warhead according to claim 1, characterized in that the Explosives existing logic (86, Fig. 10a, Fig. 10c) the individual Connects explosives far away (e.g. 82, 84 Fig. 10) in such a way that that the path that the detonation after ignition selected at least one Segment follows through further explosive segments, is effectively extended. 3. warhead according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive segments (eg 110, 112) are practically isolated from one another by means of damping (eg 114, 116, 118, 120 in FIG. 13). 4. warhead according to claim 1, characterized in that a hollow cylindrical Mantefkern is provided, and that a number of explosive segments in the form of a hollow explosive cylinder is arranged around the almond kernel, and that the detonation devices in the form of a detonation ring made of explosives -33 ν 109837/1045 (Fig. 7; 80 Fig. 8) coaxial with and directly on the explosive cylinder are arranged. 5. warhead according to claim 4, characterized in that the detonation ring contains three equally spaced detonation _{devices (A, B 7} C Fig. 7), which are each connected to an ignition device, and that on both sides of each detonation device in the course of Detonation ring pairs of oppositely directed explosive diodes (56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66 Fig. 7) are provided, which detonate a selected explosive segment in a corresponding time sequence when two selected detonation devices detonate. 6. Warhead according to claim 4, characterized in that the detonation ring consists of a U-shaped explosive charge with radially directed U-legs (140, 152 Fig. 14, Fig. 15), which are thicker than the vertical section (142) and finger-like exit channels (148, 150) which begin in the middle of the vertical section and start in the center of the vertical section and are arranged radially in the opposite direction, whereby when each U-leg is detonated accordingly at two predetermined points, the detonation waves or fronts running in opposite directions collide with one another and one detonate predetermined exit channel (148, 150). 7 ', explosive device according to claim 6, characterized in that each exit channel is in the immediate vicinity of a segment of the hollow explosive cylinder so that after a detonation has been initiated in one of the exit channels the adjacent segment of explosives detonates. -34- 109837/1045 210/102 8. warhead according to claim 6, characterized in that a number of such defonation rings (234, 236, 238) are arranged concentrically around the explosive cylinder for a multi-point detonation of the explosive segments. 9. warhead according to claim 4, characterized in that the concrete ring (160 Fig. \ 6, U) is interrupted and has a detonation device (A, B) at each end, which are a small distance from each other and are connected to an ignition device, and that a detonation delay device (172) is connected to each of the detonation devices, the effective path length of which is greater than the circumference of the detonation ring and thus causes the initiation of an isotropic ignition and detonation of the explosive device should one of the two detonation devices fail. 10. Warhead according to claim 4, characterized in that two closely spaced detonation devices (A, B in Fig. 17) with connection to the ignition mechanism are arranged on the defonation line and also contain explosive webs which are connected in the immediate vicinity of the defonation devices at an angle, which prevents detonation upon ignition and detonation of the immediately adjacent detonation device, and that this explosive path initiates the isotropic detionation of the explosive device if one of the detonation devices fails. 11 "Warhead according to claim 4, characterized in that an insulating ring is arranged concentrically to the detonation ring and extends radially through it with a number of explosive gates, and that each of these gates is immovable into a corresponding one -35- 109837/1045 Explosives segment continues, so that upon detonation of the detonation ring diametrically opposite at a point opposite a selected gate the detonafion fronts in opposite directions around the Walk around Detonafiansring and meet at the selected gate, this and thus the adjacent explosives segment detonate. 12. Warhead according to claim 11, characterized in that each of the gates (Fig. 37) has a number of spaced-apart insulating elements (284) adjoining the detonation ring to form a number of penetration points. 13. warhead according to claim 12, characterized in that a Sprengstofftor (290) is disposed on the opposite side of detonation ring which has a number of additional insulating elements opposite the first-mentioned dams lementen (284 Fig. 38) are arranged offset, and daö specially shaped explosive charges (292) are aligned in the Gesomfsprengladung with the gate (290) in order to create a further detonation path for this gate in the event that the detonation fronts collide with one of the first-mentioned dawning elements (284). 14. Warhead according to claim 12, characterized in that a group of insulation elements (308 in Fig. 39) is arranged on the opposite soap of the first-mentioned insulation elements (312) of the detonation ring, and that detonation delay devices in the Sprengsfofffor immediately following the first-mentioned Dämmefemenfe are arranged / Jm the ignition of the between the first group of insulation elements and the second group of insulation elements -36- 10 9 8 3 7/1045 to delay located explosives, so that when the detonation fronts in the detonation ring meet against an insulating element, the Detonation fronts running through the delay device collide at a point between two of the further insulating elements and thus initiate detonation of the adjacent explosive segment (174). 15. Warhead according to claim 3, characterized in that a U-shaped piece of a mildly detonating explosive device (186) extends through the damping means (184) and connects each explosive segment (180) with the next explosive segment and thereby a time delay between the detonation of successive segments of explosives. 16. warhead according to claim 15, characterized in that one leg of said U-shaped explosive device is substantially thinner than the U-bracket and thus forms an explosive diode. 17. warhead according to claim 16, characterized in that the explosive segments are arranged such that U-shaped explosive diodes connect each segment with each adjacent segment, and that these diodes are arranged so that concentric isochrones (lines resemble each other around the initial detonation point time interval) (240 Fig. 28). 18. warhead according to claim 16, characterized in that the segments in a number of concentric rings (234, 236, 238) around one central core lie around and are arranged so that they are in opposite Directions propagating detonation wavefronts of predetermined shape depending on the detonation sequence of the Define rings along a common radial line. -37- 109837/1045 19. warhead according to claim 18, characterized in that the segments together form a Sprengstoffzyiinder, and that the core from a number of separated but touching splinter segments (218) is formed. 20. warhead according to claim 19, characterized in that only deflagrated elements (239) are embedded in the explosive segments are, whereby those segments that were not detonated prior to ejection of the fragment core, after exposure of these elements to be detonated- 21. warhead according to claim 20, characterized in that it has a hollow cylinder core which is surrounded by a hollow cylindrical explosive charge, and that detonating devices for detonating the explosive charges are arranged two closely adjacent points along one side of the cylindrical explosive charge in order to have a directional effect To achieve fragment core in a direction diametrically opposite the two detonation points. 22. warhead according to claim 21, characterized in that the core is closed at both ends and is essentially evacuated » 23. Warhead according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the explosive logic (Fig. 14, 15) used is formed from a first strip of explosive material and a second similar strip of explosive material, which are connected to one another by a narrow strip of explosive material, and that the first and second strips are each sufficiently thick to further transmit a detonation passing through the strip in one direction. - 38 - 109837/1045 I 107102 ten and maintain, but not in the opposite direction. 24. warhead, characterized in that the strip-shaped Explosives material has at least one through hole (262), in which an element from Dämmateria! appropriate is, which is beveled at its leading edge and its trailing edge in the direction of propagation of the detonation and thus the flattening of the supported curved ExplosionswelSenfront when passing through the element. 109837/1045