EP2442065B1 - Switchable explosive charge - Google Patents

Switchable explosive charge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2442065B1
EP2442065B1 EP11008289.8A EP11008289A EP2442065B1 EP 2442065 B1 EP2442065 B1 EP 2442065B1 EP 11008289 A EP11008289 A EP 11008289A EP 2442065 B1 EP2442065 B1 EP 2442065B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
explosive
charge
switchable
ignition
explosive charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11008289.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2442065A3 (en
EP2442065A2 (en
Inventor
Werner Dr. Arnold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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Priority claimed from DE201010048570 external-priority patent/DE102010048570B4/en
Priority claimed from DE201110010351 external-priority patent/DE102011010351A1/en
Application filed by TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH filed Critical TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
Publication of EP2442065A2 publication Critical patent/EP2442065A2/en
Publication of EP2442065A3 publication Critical patent/EP2442065A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0838—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the explosive charge in a warhead
    • F42C19/0842—Arrangements of a multiplicity of primers or detonators, dispersed within a warhead, for multiple mode selection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/095—Arrangements of a multiplicity of primers or detonators, dispersed around a warhead, one of the primers or detonators being selected for directional detonation effects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switchable active charge of a warhead with a splitter-forming shell and with an active charge, in which a tubular holder is arranged with a plurality of distributed arranged pellets, with a first end-side arranged ignition device, which corresponds to a plate-shaped fürtragerladung in the area Detonationswellenscher is arranged, and a further ignition device which is positioned in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active charge, wherein the ignition devices are independently initiated.
  • a cylindrical active charge has become known with a splinter-forming shell. This has a concentric within the charge arranged tubular support which carries a plurality of distributed arranged pellets. Furthermore, the effective charge is equipped with a first end-side arranged ignition device which corresponds to a plate-shaped fürtragerladung. In the area of the transformer charge is a detonation shaft link, by means of which the initiation starting from the first ignition device is guided via the transformer charge and then strikes the effective charge in the region of the shell. Furthermore, at least one further ignition device is provided in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active charge, which carries out the initiation of the effective charge from there.
  • the mode of operation of an active charge with a holder for pellets is such that when the further ignition device is ignited, the generated detonation wave passes through the explosive pellets in the holder and on to the casing.
  • the detonation wave is converted into a shock wave and thereby somewhat delayed (since its velocity is lower than that of a detonation wave), while the pellets ignite immediately and thereby form new punctiform detonation sources which overlap one another.
  • This interaction forms a pattern of detonation fronts. Therefore, disassembly of the envelope material according to the pattern of the pressure peaks occurs in the envelope.
  • This splitter can be generated in adjustable size.
  • the EP 2 133 654 A2 describes a switchable active charge of a warhead with a splitter-forming shell and a cylindrical active charge, as well as a frontally arranged ignition device, which corresponds to a plate-shaped transfer charge, in the region of a central detonation waveguide is arranged. Furthermore, this active charge has two coaxial parts of the charge whose explosives have different performance.
  • the charge located inside the holder (HU) has a first central part (SP) and a second part (SP1, SP2) immediately surrounding the central part, wherein the first part (SP) consists of a powerful central part Explosive exists and the second part (SP1, SP2) consists of a lower performance explosive than the explosive of the first part, and wherein the layer of the second explosive has a thickness in the range 5 to 25 mm, and that in the region of the tubular holder (PH) at least three ignition devices (Z3a, Z3b) are arranged distributed over the circumference.
  • the explosive of the second part contains metal powder and / or ammonium perchlorate.
  • the charge located inside the envelope (HU) has a first central part (SP) and a second part (SP2) directly surrounding the central part, the first part (SP) being made of a powerful explosive and the second part (SP2) consists of a lower power explosive than the explosive of the first part and wherein the layer of the second part has a thickness in the range of 5 - 25 mm, the second part (SP2) of the charge immediately a notched grid (KG) made of a material, which is itself arranged in contact with the casing (HU), and in that at least three ignition devices (Z3a, Z3b) are distributed over the circumference in the region of the tubular holder (PH).
  • SP central part
  • SP2 a second part directly surrounding the central part
  • the first part (SP) being made of a powerful explosive
  • the second part (SP2) consists of a lower power explosive than the explosive of the first part and wherein the layer of the second part has a thickness in the range of 5 - 25 mm
  • the second part (SP2) of the charge
  • the notched grid recesses or other suitable for the formation of splinters from the shell means are provided.
  • FIG. 1 The basic principle of the invention is in the FIG. 1 shown schematically simplified. This initially concerns that from the parent application DE 102010048570.5-15 known concept of a cylindrical holder for explosive pellets and two arranged on the longitudinal axis ignition Z1 (front side) and Z2 (center). According to the invention, additional peripheral ignition points Z3a, Z3b are added, which are arranged in the region of the holder PH and within the envelope H. At least three peripheral ignition points are provided, and more than 3 ignition points can be uniformly distributed over the circumference. Their number determines the directional accuracy in the direction of the target. The higher the number of firing points selected, the higher the aiming accuracy of the target.
  • peripheral ignition points is in the FIG. 1 only one ignition point per side provided, it can be provided in the longitudinal direction of the effective charge also several individual firing points or a peripheral initiating strip.
  • the aim of the invention is the up to 30% higher speed of the splitter generated from the envelope H by means of the peripheral ignition points 3a, 3b in conjunction with the in the holder PH filled with explosives pellets.
  • the pellets only become detonatively effective when the detonation front from the ignition point Z3a, Z3b coming approximately perpendicular to the bracket PH.
  • the ignition Z3a shown on the left is initiated.
  • the detonation front which is represented by the reference numerals 1, 2 and 3 according to their development stages, hits the holder PH head-on.
  • the pellets become detonatively effective and generate behind the holder PH local detonation waves, which overlap and lead to a modulated detonation front 4, which in turn strikes the envelope H and disassembles it according to the pressure maxima and minima.
  • the detonation front also extends in the direction of the holder PH. However, it only strikes the pellets stored in the holder so that they do not detonate effectively, and thus none form modulated detonation front. With increasing distance from the ignition point there is a transition from the grazing to the frontal incidence of the detonation front on the holder PH. Thus, the pellets themselves are increasingly detonative effect.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The embodiments of the active charge according to the invention are the following description of FIGS. 2 and 3 refer to.
  • a further explosive layer is arranged either in the region of the holder PH or in the region of a notched grid or the casing itself.
  • this additional explosive charge SP1, SP2 or SP3 can be identical to the explosive charge SP of the previously described variants.
  • an explosive type which differs greatly from the explosive charge SP.
  • a blast type and splitter acceleration effect type may be used, while the external explosive charge SP1, SP2 or SP3 is of the type that accelerates well only when strongly initiated via the explosive charge SP.
  • these metal casings are accelerated only insufficiently if the explosive is not strongly initiated by suitably weak ignition points (eg Z3a).
  • the inner explosive charge SP can consist of a conventional high-performance explosive with so-called ideal detonation, in which the entire explosive charge is converted in the detonation front and releases its energy.
  • the outer explosive charge layer consists of a non-ideal explosive charge, in which only a small proportion is converted in the detonation front and the detonation pressures and power output are correspondingly lower. In such explosive charges, it often comes at later times to post-reactions.
  • the inner explosive charge SP has a powerful detonation with high detonation velocity after initiation. If this detonation front now encounters the further non-ideal explosive charge SP1, SP2 or SP3, it largely assumes the detonation behavior of the ideal explosive charge, as a result of which the shell is split up in a controlled manner and accelerated to high speeds.
  • the transition layer depends on individual explosive-type detonative parameters and is thus variably adjustable within limits. It is usually several millimeters thick (eg 10 to 20 mm).
  • the non-ideal explosive charge SP1, SP2, or SP3 is only weakly initiated, thereby disassembling the shell in a controlled manner and not accelerating at high speeds. In this way, this explosive charge behavior according to the present invention is exploited in conjunction with the fragmentation methods known per se.
  • the FIG. 2 shows a first example of the embodiment with two different explosives.
  • the inner explosive charge SP consists of a conventional high-performance explosive, on the other hand, it surrounds on the outer surface of a layer of non-ideal explosive SP1.
  • the detonation front 1, 2, 3 strikes the layer SP1 on the opposite side, which assumes the detonative properties of SP and then activates the pellets P.
  • the igniter side however, only a weak detonation occurs in the layer SP1, moreover, the pellets are not effective and the shell is only slightly accelerated. The effect thus proceeds as in the exemplary embodiment FIG. 4 , only that the difference in performance is even more pronounced.
  • FIG. 3 shows a similar structure as that FIG. 2 , but with the difference that instead of the explosive layer SPA between the holder PH and the shell HU now an inert notched grid KG is provided.
  • This is preferably a hollow cylinder made of plastic or Metal in which grooves are milled. If the detonation front 1, 2, 3 perpendicular to this notch KG, so the broken webs between the grooves N act like flying plates and then burst of detonation streams at high speed into the grooves. As a result, notches are struck in the continuous shell, so that the shell breaks at these points.
  • the situation is different on the side of the ignition Z3a.
  • the detonation front falls there preferably grazing on the notch KG and the grooves are closed by the plastic deformation due to the high pressure effect.
  • the shell is accelerated much less, since the explosive layer SP2 forms only a weak detonation.
  • FIG. 4 Another reversible active charge of a warhead, which is not the subject of the present invention, is in the FIG. 4 shown.
  • the explosive layer SP3 has a multiplicity of notches K in the area of the separating surface of the envelope HU. Also in this case, the locally different angle of incidence of the propagating detonation front 1, 2, 3 is used in the same way.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine umschaltbare Wirkladung eines Gefechtskopfes mit einer Splitter bildenden Hülle und mit einer Wirkladung, in der eine rohrförmige Halterung mit einer Vielzahl verteilt angeordneter Pellets angeordnet ist, mit einer ersten stirnseitig angeordneten Zündeinrichtung, die mit einer plattenförmigen Übertragerladung korrespondiert, in deren Bereich ein Detonationswellenlenker angeordnet ist, und einer weiteren Zündeinrichtung, die in Bereich der Längsachse der Wirkladung positioniert ist, wobei die Zündeinrichtungen unabhängig voneinander initiierbar sind.The invention relates to a switchable active charge of a warhead with a splitter-forming shell and with an active charge, in which a tubular holder is arranged with a plurality of distributed arranged pellets, with a first end-side arranged ignition device, which corresponds to a plate-shaped Übertragerladung in the area Detonationswellenlenker is arranged, and a further ignition device which is positioned in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active charge, wherein the ignition devices are independently initiated.

Das zukünftige Einsatzspektrum von Gefechtsköpfen in unterschiedlichen Szenarien erfordert eine Munition, die sowohl Punktziele als auch Flächenziele wirkungsvoll bekämpfen kann. Gerade unter Beachtung der Anforderung an Minimierung von Kollateralschäden sind Munitionsarten mit umschaltbarer Wirkung von besonderem Interesse. Hier steht der Gedanke zur Minimierung von Kollateralschäden im Vordergrund, aber gleichzeitig auch die Möglichkeit, die vollständige Wirkung ins Ziel bringen zu können, wenn kein urbanes Umfeld zu berücksichtigen ist.The future use of warheads in different scenarios requires ammunition that can effectively combat both point targets and area targets. Especially considering the requirement for minimization of collateral damage, types of ammunition with a switchable effect are of particular interest. The focus here is on the idea of minimizing collateral damage, but at the same time it also offers the possibility of being able to achieve the full effect if no urban environment is to be taken into account.

Von der Anmelderin sind bereits verschiedene Konzepte dosierbarer oder umschaltbarer Wirkladungen bekannt geworden, deren Funktionsfähigkeit anerkannt worden ist. Aus der DE 10 2006 048 299 B3 , die den Ausgangspunkt für die vorliegende Erfindung bildet, ist eine zylindrische Wirkladung mit einer Splitter bildenden Hülle bekannt geworden. Diese weist eine konzentrisch innerhalb der Ladung angeordnete rohrförmige Halterung auf, die eine Vielzahl verteilt angeordneter Pellets trägt. Weiterhin ist die Wirkladung mit einer ersten stirnseitig angeordneten Zündeinrichtung ausgestattet, welche mit einer plattenförmigen Übertragerladung korrespondiert. Im Bereich der Übertragerladung befindet sich ein Detonationswellenlenker, mittels dem die von der ersten Zündeinrichtung ausgehende Initiierung über die Übertragerladung geführt wird und anschließend im Bereich der Hülle auf die Wirkladung trifft. Weiterhin ist im Bereich der Längsachse der Wirkladung wenigstens eine weitere Zündeinrichtung vorgesehen, die von dort aus die Initiierung der Wirkladung durchführt.The Applicant has already disclosed various concepts of metered or switchable active charges whose functionality has been recognized. From the DE 10 2006 048 299 B3 , which forms the starting point for the present invention, a cylindrical active charge has become known with a splinter-forming shell. This has a concentric within the charge arranged tubular support which carries a plurality of distributed arranged pellets. Furthermore, the effective charge is equipped with a first end-side arranged ignition device which corresponds to a plate-shaped Übertragerladung. In the area of the transformer charge is a detonation shaft link, by means of which the initiation starting from the first ignition device is guided via the transformer charge and then strikes the effective charge in the region of the shell. Furthermore, at least one further ignition device is provided in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active charge, which carries out the initiation of the effective charge from there.

Die Funktionsweise einer Wirkladung mit einer Halterung für Pellets ist derart, dass bei Zündung der weiteren Zündeinrichtung die erzeugte Detonationswelle durch die Sprengstoff-Pellets in der Halterung und weiter zur Hülle läuft. Im Halterungsmaterial wird die Detonationswelle in eine Stoßwelle umgewandelt und dadurch etwas verzögert (da deren Geschwindigkeit geringer ist als die einer Detonationswelle), während die Pellets sofort durchzünden und dadurch neue punktförmige Detonationsquellen ausbilden, die sich miteinander überlagern. Durch diese Wechselwirkung wird ein Muster von Detonationsfronten ausgebildet. Deshalb erfolgt in der Hülle eine Zerlegung des Hüllenmaterials entsprechend dem Muster der Druckspitzen. Dabei werden Splitter in einstellbarer Größe erzeugt.The mode of operation of an active charge with a holder for pellets is such that when the further ignition device is ignited, the generated detonation wave passes through the explosive pellets in the holder and on to the casing. In the retaining material, the detonation wave is converted into a shock wave and thereby somewhat delayed (since its velocity is lower than that of a detonation wave), while the pellets ignite immediately and thereby form new punctiform detonation sources which overlap one another. This interaction forms a pattern of detonation fronts. Therefore, disassembly of the envelope material according to the pattern of the pressure peaks occurs in the envelope. This splitter can be generated in adjustable size.

In der Praxis hat es sich jedoch gezeigt, dass diese Splitter anhand der Vorgaben aus dieser Druckschrift nicht in beliebig kleine Splitter zerlegt werden können, wie dies inzwischen als Fähigkeit des Gefechtskopfes gewünscht ist. Es ist bekannt, dass die Flugweite von Splittern in der Luft exponentiell mit der Größe des Oberflächen/Volumen-Verhältnis abnimmt.
Die EP 2 133 654 A2 beschreibt eine umschaltbare Wirkladung eines Gefechtskopfes mit einer Splitter bildenden Hülle und einer zylindrischen Wirkladung, sowie einer stirnseitig angeordneten Zündeinrichtung, die mit einer plattenförmigen Übertragungsladung korrespondiert, in deren Bereich ein zentraler Detonationswellenlenker angeordnet ist. Weiterhin weist diese Wirkladung zwei koaxiale Teile der Ladung auf, deren Sprengstoffe unterschiedliche Leistungsfähigkeit aufweisen.In practice, however, it has been shown that these fragments can not be broken down into arbitrarily small chips on the basis of the specifications from this document, as is now desired as the ability of the warhead. It is known that the distance of splinters in the air decreases exponentially with the size of the surface / volume ratio.
The EP 2 133 654 A2 describes a switchable active charge of a warhead with a splitter-forming shell and a cylindrical active charge, as well as a frontally arranged ignition device, which corresponds to a plate-shaped transfer charge, in the region of a central detonation waveguide is arranged. Furthermore, this active charge has two coaxial parts of the charge whose explosives have different performance.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine bekannte umschaltbare Wirkladung derart weiter zu entwickeln, dass in Zielrichtung eine bis zu 30 % höhere Splittergeschwindigkeit erzielbar ist und in einem Zerlegemodus eine Zerlegung der Hülle in sehr feine Splitter erfolgt.It is an object of the invention to further develop a known switchable active charge such that in the target direction an up to 30% higher splitter speed can be achieved and in a disassembling mode a disassembly of the casing into very fine splinters takes place.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die innerhalb der Halterung (HU) befindliche Ladung einen ersten zentralen Teil (SP) und einen den zentralen Teil unmittelbar umgebenden zweiten Teil (SP1, SP2) aufweist, wobei der erste Teil (SP) aus einem leistungsfähigen Sprengstoff besteht und der zweite Teil (SP1, SP2) aus einem Sprengstoff mit niedrigerer Leistung als der Sprengstoff des ersten Teils besteht und wobei die Schicht des zweiten Sprengstoffes eine Dicke im Bereich von 5 - 25 mm aufweist,
und dass im Bereich der rohrförmigen Halterung (PH) wenigstens drei Zündeinrichtungen (Z3a, Z3b) über den Umfang verteilt angeordnet sind.The object is achieved according to the invention in that the charge located inside the holder (HU) has a first central part (SP) and a second part (SP1, SP2) immediately surrounding the central part, wherein the first part (SP) consists of a powerful central part Explosive exists and the second part (SP1, SP2) consists of a lower performance explosive than the explosive of the first part, and wherein the layer of the second explosive has a thickness in the range 5 to 25 mm,
and that in the region of the tubular holder (PH) at least three ignition devices (Z3a, Z3b) are arranged distributed over the circumference.

Somit ist es erstmals mit einer zylindrischen Wirkladung, die innerhalb der Sprengladung eine rohrförmige Halterung mit einer Vielzahl von mit Sprengstoff gefüllten Pellets enthält, eine Fokussierung der Leistung in Richtung auf das Ziel zu bewirken und gleichzeitig die Leistungsabgabe entgegen der Zielrichtung und in einem weiten Winkelbereich darum herum deutlich zu reduzieren. Dabei wird in Zielrichtung eine Leistungssteigerung von bis zu 30 % erreicht.Thus, for the first time, with a cylindrical active charge containing a tubular support with a plurality of explosive-filled pellets within the explosive charge, it is effective to focus the power toward the target and simultaneously counteract the target and over a wide range of angles to reduce it significantly. In the process, a performance increase of up to 30% is achieved.

In vorteilhafter Weise enthält der Sprengstoff des zweiten Teils Metallpulver und/oder Ammoniumperchlorat.Advantageously, the explosive of the second part contains metal powder and / or ammonium perchlorate.

Die Aufgabe wird außerdem dadurch gelöst, dass dass die innerhalb der Hülle (HU) befindliche Ladung einen ersten zentralen Teil (SP) und einen den zentralen Teil unmittelbar umgebenden zweiten Teil (SP2) aufweist, wobei der erste Teil (SP) aus einem leistungsfähigen Sprengstoff besteht und der zweite Teil (SP2) aus einem Sprengstoff mit niedrigerer Leistung als der Sprengstoff des ersten Teils besteht und wobei die Schicht des zweiten Teils eine Dicke im Bereich von 5 - 25 mm aufweist, dass der zweite Teil (SP2) der Ladung unmittelbar an einem aus einem Werkstoff bestehende Kerbgitter (KG) anliegt, das selbst in Kontakt mit der Hülle (HU) angeordnet ist, und dass im Bereich der rohrförmigen Halterung (PH) wenigstens drei Zündeinrichtungen (Z3a, Z3b) über den Umfang verteilt angeordnet sind.The object is further achieved in that the charge located inside the envelope (HU) has a first central part (SP) and a second part (SP2) directly surrounding the central part, the first part (SP) being made of a powerful explosive and the second part (SP2) consists of a lower power explosive than the explosive of the first part and wherein the layer of the second part has a thickness in the range of 5 - 25 mm, the second part (SP2) of the charge immediately a notched grid (KG) made of a material, which is itself arranged in contact with the casing (HU), and in that at least three ignition devices (Z3a, Z3b) are distributed over the circumference in the region of the tubular holder (PH).

In vorteilhafter Weise weist das Kerbgitter Ausnehmungen oder andere zur Formung von Splittern aus der Hülle geeignete Einrichtungen auf.Advantageously, the notched grid recesses or other suitable for the formation of splinters from the shell means.

Das Kerbgitter aus inertem Werkstoff herzustellen hat sich als besondres günstig erwiesen.To produce the notch grid of inert material has proven to be particularly favorable.

Somit ist es mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Verbesserung einer bekannten umschaltbaren Wirkladung und unter Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Auslöseverfahrens für eine umschaltbare Wirkladung möglich die Leistungsabgabe in Richtung auf das Ziel um bis zu 30 Prozent zu erhöhen, wobei die Leistung in entgegen gesetzter Richtung deutlich reduziert ist, wobei es gleichzeitig möglich ist, wahlweise entweder geformte beziehungsweise natürliche Splitter zu erzeugen oder die Hülle in feine und feinste Splitter zu zerlegen.Thus, it is possible by means of the improvement according to the invention of a known reversible active charge and using the tripping method according to the invention for a switchable active charge to increase the power output towards the target by up to 30 percent, the power in the opposite direction is significantly reduced, where At the same time it is possible either to produce either shaped or natural splinters or to disassemble the shell into fine and finest fragments.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch vereinfacht dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
eine Wirkladung mit zusätzlichen im Bereich der Pellethalterung angeordneten Zündstellen,
Fig. 2:
eine Wirkladung mit peripherer Initiierung und einer die zentrale Sprengladung umgebenden weiteren Sprengladung,
Fig. 3:
eine Wirkladung mit peripherer Initiierung und einer die zentrale Sprengladung umgebenden weiteren Sprengladung und einer Splitter bildenden Innenhülle,
Fig. 4:
eine Wirkladung mit peripherer Initiierung und einer die zentrale Sprengladung umgebenden und mit Kerbeinrichtungen versehenen weiteren Sprengladung,
An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically simplified in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1:
an active charge with additional ignition points arranged in the area of the pellet holder,
Fig. 2:
an active charge with peripheral initiation and a further explosive charge surrounding the central explosive charge,
3:
an active charge with peripheral initiation and a further explosive charge surrounding the central explosive charge and a splinter-forming inner shell,
4:
an active charge with peripheral initiation and a further explosive charge surrounding the central explosive charge and provided with notching devices,

Das Grundprinzip der Erfindung ist in der Figur 1 schematisch vereinfacht dargestellt. Dies betrifft zunächst das aus der Stammanmeldung DE 102010048570.5-15 bekannte Konzept einer zylindrischen Halterung für Sprengstoff-Pellets und zwei auf der Längsachse angeordneten Zündstellen Z1 (stirnseitig) und Z2 (mittig). Erfindungsgemäß kommen weitere periphere Zündstellen Z3a, Z3b hinzu, die im Bereich der Halterung PH und innerhalb der Hülle H angeordnet sind. Minimal sind drei periphere Zündstellen vorgesehen, es können auch mehr als 3 Zündstellen gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilt vorgesehen sein. Durch deren Anzahl wird die Richtgenauigkeit in Richtung auf das Ziel festgelegt. Je höher die Anzahl der Zündstellen gewählt wird umso höher ist die Richtgenauigkeit auf das Ziel. Somit erhält man mit vier peripheren Zündstellen eine Winkelauflösung von 90°, wenn man nur eine dem Ziel gegenüber liegende Zündstelle initiiert. Es können beispielsweise aber auch zwei Zündstellen gleichzeitig gezündet werden, so dass eine Verfeinerung der Auflösung auf 45° erreicht wird.The basic principle of the invention is in the FIG. 1 shown schematically simplified. This initially concerns that from the parent application DE 102010048570.5-15 known concept of a cylindrical holder for explosive pellets and two arranged on the longitudinal axis ignition Z1 (front side) and Z2 (center). According to the invention, additional peripheral ignition points Z3a, Z3b are added, which are arranged in the region of the holder PH and within the envelope H. At least three peripheral ignition points are provided, and more than 3 ignition points can be uniformly distributed over the circumference. Their number determines the directional accuracy in the direction of the target. The higher the number of firing points selected, the higher the aiming accuracy of the target. Thus, with four peripheral ignition points, an angular resolution of 90 ° is obtained, if one initiates only one ignition point opposite the target. However, it is also possible for two ignition points to be ignited simultaneously, for example, so that a refinement of the resolution to 45 ° is achieved.

Bei den peripheren Zündstellen ist in der Figur 1 nur jeweils eine Zündstelle pro Seite vorgesehen, es können in Längsrichtung der Wirkladung auch mehrere einzelne Zündstellen oder auch ein peripherer Initiierstreifen vorgesehen sein.At the peripheral ignition points is in the FIG. 1 only one ignition point per side provided, it can be provided in the longitudinal direction of the effective charge also several individual firing points or a peripheral initiating strip.

Ziel der Erfindung ist die bis zu 30% höhere Geschwindigkeit der aus der Hülle H erzeugten Splitter mit Hilfe der peripheren Zündstellen 3a, 3b in Verbindung mit der in der Halterung PH befindlichen mit Sprengstoff gefüllten Pellets. Die Pellets werden dabei nur dann detonativ wirksam, wenn die Detonationsfront von der Zündstelle Z3a, Z3b kommend etwa senkrecht auf die Halterung PH trifft. Im Beispiel wird die im Bild links dargestellte Zündstelle Z3a initiiert. Damit trifft die Detonationsfront, die entsprechend ihrer Entwicklungsstufen mit den Bezugszeichen 1 , 2 und 3 dargestellt ist, frontal auf den Halter PH auf. Die Pellets werden detonativ wirksam und erzeugen hinter dem Halter PH lokale Detonationswellen, die sich überlagern und zu einer modulierten Detonationsfront 4 führen, die ihrerseits auf die Hülle H trifft und diese entsprechend der Druck-Maxima und -Minima zerlegt.The aim of the invention is the up to 30% higher speed of the splitter generated from the envelope H by means of the peripheral ignition points 3a, 3b in conjunction with the in the holder PH filled with explosives pellets. The pellets only become detonatively effective when the detonation front from the ignition point Z3a, Z3b coming approximately perpendicular to the bracket PH. In the example, the ignition Z3a shown on the left is initiated. Thus, the detonation front, which is represented by the reference numerals 1, 2 and 3 according to their development stages, hits the holder PH head-on. The pellets become detonatively effective and generate behind the holder PH local detonation waves, which overlap and lead to a modulated detonation front 4, which in turn strikes the envelope H and disassembles it according to the pressure maxima and minima.

An der Zündstelle selbst breitet sich die Detonationsfront auch in Richtung der Halterung PH aus. Sie trifft die in der Halterung gelagerten Pellets jedoch zunächst nur streifend, so dass diese nicht detonativ wirksam werden, und somit keine modulierte Detonationsfront ausbilden. Mit zunehmender Entfernung von der Zündstelle findet ein Übergang vom streifenden zum frontalen Einfall der Detonationsfront auf die Halterung PH statt. Damit werden auch die Pellets selbst zunehmend detonativ wirksam.At the firing point itself, the detonation front also extends in the direction of the holder PH. However, it only strikes the pellets stored in the holder so that they do not detonate effectively, and thus none form modulated detonation front. With increasing distance from the ignition point there is a transition from the grazing to the frontal incidence of the detonation front on the holder PH. Thus, the pellets themselves are increasingly detonative effect.

Neben dem Vorteil des Geschwindigkeitszuwachses der aus der Hülle erzeugten Splitter in Zielrichtung wird zusätzlich auch eine kontrollierte Zerlegung der Hülle in Splitter erreicht. Dabei wird gerade auf der dem Ziel abgewandten Seite nicht nur eine geringere Geschwindigkeit der Splitter, sondern auch hinsichtlich der Wirkung eine unvorteilhaftere Form der Splitter erzielt, so dass in dieser Richtung der Wirkungsgrad in ähnlicher Weise sinkt wie er in Zielrichtung steigt.In addition to the advantage of the increase in speed of the splinters generated in the target direction from the shell is also achieved a controlled disassembly of the shell in splinters. It is precisely on the side facing away from the target not only a lower speed of the splitter, but also achieved in terms of the effect of a less favorable form of the splitter, so that in this direction the efficiency decreases in a similar manner as it increases in the direction.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltungsformen der Wirkladung sind der folgenden Beschreibung der Figuren 2 und 3 zu entnehmen.The embodiments of the active charge according to the invention are the following description of FIGS. 2 and 3 refer to.

In den Figuren 2 bis 4 ist jeweils eine weitere Sprengstoffschicht entweder im Bereich der Halterung PH oder im Bereich eines Kerbgitters oder der Hülle selbst angeordnet. Diese weitere Sprengladung SP1, SP2 oder SP3 kann einerseits mit der Sprengladung SP der bisher beschriebenen Varianten identisch sein. Andererseits kann hier auch ein von der Sprengladung SP stark sich unterscheidender Sprengstofftyp verwendet werden. Beispielsweise kann für die innere Sprengladung ein Typ mit erheblicher Druckwirkung (Blast) und Splitterbeschleunigungswirkung verwendet werden, während die äußere Sprengladung SP1, SP2 oder SP3 von dem Typ ist, der Metallhüllen nur dann gut beschleunigt, wenn er über die Sprengladung SP stark initiiert wird. Diese Metallhüllen werden aber nur unzureichend beschleunigt, wenn der Sprengstoff eben nicht stark von entsprechend schwach ausgelegten Zündstellen (z.B. Z3a) initiiert wird.In the FIGS. 2 to 4 In each case a further explosive layer is arranged either in the region of the holder PH or in the region of a notched grid or the casing itself. On the one hand, this additional explosive charge SP1, SP2 or SP3 can be identical to the explosive charge SP of the previously described variants. On the other hand, it is also possible here to use an explosive type which differs greatly from the explosive charge SP. For example, for the internal explosive charge, a blast type and splitter acceleration effect type may be used, while the external explosive charge SP1, SP2 or SP3 is of the type that accelerates well only when strongly initiated via the explosive charge SP. However, these metal casings are accelerated only insufficiently if the explosive is not strongly initiated by suitably weak ignition points (eg Z3a).

Die innere Sprengladung SP kann aus einem konventionellen Hochleistungssprengstoff mit so genannter idealer Detonation bestehen, bei der sich in der Detonationsfront die gesamte Sprengladung umsetzt und ihre Energie freigibt. Die äußere Sprengladungsschicht besteht hingegen aus einer nicht-idealen Sprengladung, bei der in der Detonationsfront nur ein geringer Anteil umgesetzt wird und die Detonationsdrücke und die Leistungsabgabe entsprechend niedriger ausfallen. Bei derartigen Sprengladungen kommt es oft zu späteren Zeitpunkten zu Nachreaktionen.The inner explosive charge SP can consist of a conventional high-performance explosive with so-called ideal detonation, in which the entire explosive charge is converted in the detonation front and releases its energy. The outer explosive charge layer, however, consists of a non-ideal explosive charge, in which only a small proportion is converted in the detonation front and the detonation pressures and power output are correspondingly lower. In such explosive charges, it often comes at later times to post-reactions.

Die innere Sprengladung SP weist nach Initiierung eine leistungsstarke Detonation mit hoher Detonationsgeschwindigkeit auf. Trifft diese Detonationsfront nun auf die weitere nicht-ideale Sprengladung SP1, SP2 oder SP3 auf, so nimmt diese weitgehend das Detonationsverhalten der idealen Sprengladung an, wodurch dort die Hülle kontrolliert zerlegt und zu hohen Geschwindigkeiten beschleunigt wird. Die Übergangsschicht hängt von einzelnen sprengstofftypischen detonativen Parametern ab und ist somit in Grenzen variabel einstellbar. Sie ist in der Regel mehrere Millimeter dick (z. B. 10 bis 20 mm). Auf der Seite der Zündstelle (z.B. Z3a) wird hingegen die nicht-ideale Sprengladung SP1, SP2 oder SP3 nur schwach initiiert, wodurch die Hülle dort nicht kontrolliert zerlegt und nicht zu hohen Geschwindigkeiten beschleunigt wird. Auf diese Weise wird dieses Sprengladungs-Verhalten gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung in Verbindung mit den an sich bekannten Fragmentierungsmethoden ausgenutzt.The inner explosive charge SP has a powerful detonation with high detonation velocity after initiation. If this detonation front now encounters the further non-ideal explosive charge SP1, SP2 or SP3, it largely assumes the detonation behavior of the ideal explosive charge, as a result of which the shell is split up in a controlled manner and accelerated to high speeds. The transition layer depends on individual explosive-type detonative parameters and is thus variably adjustable within limits. It is usually several millimeters thick (eg 10 to 20 mm). On the firing site side (e.g., Z3a), on the other hand, the non-ideal explosive charge SP1, SP2, or SP3 is only weakly initiated, thereby disassembling the shell in a controlled manner and not accelerating at high speeds. In this way, this explosive charge behavior according to the present invention is exploited in conjunction with the fragmentation methods known per se.

Die Figur 2 zeigt ein erstes Beispiel der Ausführungsform mit zwei unterschiedlichen Sprengstoffen. Einerseits besteht die innere Sprengladung SP aus einem konventionellen Hochleistungssprengstoff, andererseits umgibt diese an deren Außenfläche eine Schicht aus nicht-idealem Sprengstoff SP1. Im Fall der peripheren Initiierung an der Zündstelle Z3a trifft die Detonationsfront 1, 2, 3 an der gegenüber liegenden Seite frontal auf die Schicht SP1 auf, welche die detonativen Eigenschaften von SP annimmt und daraufhin die Pellets P aktiviert. Auf der Zünderseite hingegen tritt nur eine schwache Detonation in der Schicht SP1 ein, außerdem werden die Pellets nicht wirksam und die Hülle wird nur gering beschleunigt. Die Wirkung verläuft somit ähnlich wie im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4, nur dass der Leistungsunterschied noch stärker ausgeprägt ist.The FIG. 2 shows a first example of the embodiment with two different explosives. On the one hand, the inner explosive charge SP consists of a conventional high-performance explosive, on the other hand, it surrounds on the outer surface of a layer of non-ideal explosive SP1. In the case of the peripheral initiation at the ignition point Z3a, the detonation front 1, 2, 3 strikes the layer SP1 on the opposite side, which assumes the detonative properties of SP and then activates the pellets P. On the igniter side, however, only a weak detonation occurs in the layer SP1, moreover, the pellets are not effective and the shell is only slightly accelerated. The effect thus proceeds as in the exemplary embodiment FIG. 4 , only that the difference in performance is even more pronounced.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 zeigt einen ähnlichen Aufbau wie dasjenige aus Figur 2, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, dass anstelle der Sprengstoffschicht SPA zwischen dem Halter PH und der Hülle HU nun ein inertes Kerbgitter KG vorgesehen ist. Hierbei handelt es sich vorzugsweise um einen Hohlzylinder aus Kunststoff oder Metall, in den Nuten eingefräst sind. Fällt die Detonationsfront 1, 2, 3 senkrecht auf dieses Kerbgitter KG, so wirken die ausgebrochenen Stege zwischen den Nuten N wie fliegende Platten und anschließend strömen Detonationsschwaden mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in die Nuten ein. Dadurch werden in die kontinuierliche Hülle Kerben geschlagen, so dass die Hülle an diesen Stellen bricht.The embodiment according to FIG. 3 shows a similar structure as that FIG. 2 , but with the difference that instead of the explosive layer SPA between the holder PH and the shell HU now an inert notched grid KG is provided. This is preferably a hollow cylinder made of plastic or Metal in which grooves are milled. If the detonation front 1, 2, 3 perpendicular to this notch KG, so the broken webs between the grooves N act like flying plates and then burst of detonation streams at high speed into the grooves. As a result, notches are struck in the continuous shell, so that the shell breaks at these points.

Anders verhält es sich auf der Seite der Zündstelle Z3a. Die Detonationsfront fällt dort vorzugsweise streifend auf das Kerbgitter KG ein und die Nuten werden durch die plastische Verformung aufgrund der hohen Druckwirkung geschlossen. Es findet keine Kerbung der Hülle statt. Zusätzlich wird die Hülle weitaus geringer beschleunigt, da die Sprengstoffschicht SP2 nur eine schwache Detonation ausbildet.The situation is different on the side of the ignition Z3a. The detonation front falls there preferably grazing on the notch KG and the grooves are closed by the plastic deformation due to the high pressure effect. There is no notching of the shell. In addition, the shell is accelerated much less, since the explosive layer SP2 forms only a weak detonation.

Somit wird auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel analog zur Pellet-Methode eine vergleichbare Richtwirkung bezüglich der Fragmentierung der Hülle erreicht, nur dass auch hier der Leistungsunterschied noch stärker ausgeprägt ist.Thus, a comparable directivity with respect to the fragmentation of the shell is achieved in this embodiment analogous to the pellet method, except that here, the difference in performance is even more pronounced.

Eine weitere umschaltbare Wirkladung eines Gefechtskopfes, die jedoch nicht Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, ist in der Figur 4 dargestellt. Hierbei entfällt die Halterung für die Pellets und die Schicht aus nicht-idealem Sprengstoff SP3 liegt unmittelbar an der Innenseite der Hülle HU an. In ähnlicher Weise wie die Nuten N im Kerbgitter KG in der Figur 3 weist die Sprengstoffschicht SP3 im Bereich der Trennfläche zur Hülle HU eine Vielzahl von Kerben K auf. Auch in diesem Fall wird in gleicher Weise der lokal unterschiedliche Einfallswinkel der sich ausbreitenden Detonationsfront 1, 2, 3 genutzt. Wenn die Detonationsfront senkrecht auf die gekerbte nicht-ideale Sprengstoffschicht SP3 fällt, nimmt diese aufgrund der starken Initiierung deren Detonationsparameter an und die Kerben K wirken im Sprengstoff wie kleine Hohlladungs-Jets. Die Hohlladungs-Jets schlagen ihrerseits wieder Kerben in die ungekerbte Hülle HU, welche dann als Sollbruchstelle für die gerichtete und kontrolliert ablaufende Fragmentierung der Hülle dienen. Bei streifendem Einfall wird der Hohlladungseffekt unterbunden und die Hülle wird zudem, aufgrund der schwachen Detonation von SP3, nur geringfügig beschleunigt.Another reversible active charge of a warhead, which is not the subject of the present invention, is in the FIG. 4 shown. This eliminates the support for the pellets and the layer of non-ideal explosive SP3 is located directly on the inside of the envelope HU. Similar to the grooves N in the notch KG in the FIG. 3 For example, the explosive layer SP3 has a multiplicity of notches K in the area of the separating surface of the envelope HU. Also in this case, the locally different angle of incidence of the propagating detonation front 1, 2, 3 is used in the same way. If the detonation front falls perpendicular to the notched non-ideal explosive layer SP3, this assumes due to the strong initiation of their detonation parameters and the notches K act in the explosive as small shaped charge jets. The shaped charge jets in turn strike notches in the unnotched envelope HU, which then serve as a predetermined breaking point for the directed and controlled expiring fragmentation of the shell. In grazing incidence, the hollow charge effect is suppressed and the shell is also only slightly accelerated due to the weak detonation of SP3.

Claims (5)

  1. Switchable explosive charge of a warhead, having a casing (HU) that forms splinters and having a cylindrical explosive charge (SP), in which, within the payload, there is arranged a tubular holder (PH) with a multiplicity of pellets (P) arranged in a distributed manner, having a first ignition device (Z1), which is arranged at the end and which corresponds to a plate-like transfer charge (UL), in the area of which a central detonation wave deflector (DL) is arranged, and a further ignition device (Z2), which is positioned in the area of the longitudinal axis of the explosive charge, it being possible for the ignition devices to be initiated independently of each other, at least three ignition devices (Z3a, Z3b) being arranged distributed over the circumference in the area of the tubular holder (PH),
    characterized in that
    the charge located within the holder (PH) has a first central part (SP) and a second part (SP1, SP2) directly surrounding the central part, wherein the first part (SP) consists of a powerful explosive and the second part (SP1, SP2) consists of an explosive with a lower power than the explosive of the first part, and wherein the layer of the second explosive has a thickness in the range from 5 - 25 mm.
  2. Switchable explosive charge according to Claim 1, characterized in that the explosive of the second part (SP1, SP2) contains metal powder and/or ammonium perchlorate.
  3. Switchable explosive charge of a warhead, having a casing (HU) that forms splinters and having a cylindrical explosive charge, having a first ignition device (Z1), which is arranged at the end and which corresponds to a plate-like transfer charge (UL), in the area of which a central detonation wave deflector (DL) is arranged, and at least one further ignition device, it being possible for the ignition devices to be initiated independently of each other,
    characterized in that
    the charge located within the casing (HU) has a first central part (SP) and a second part (SP2) directly surrounding the central part, wherein the first part (SP) consists of a powerful explosive and the second part (SP2) consists of an explosive with a lower power than the explosive of the first part, and wherein the layer of the second explosive has a thickness in the range from 5 - 25 mm,
    in that the second part (SP2) of the charge rests directly on a notched grid (KG) consisting of a material which itself is arranged in contact with the casing (HU),
    and in that at least three ignition devices (Z3a, Z3b) are arranged distributed over the circumference in the area of the tubular notched grid (KG).
  4. Switchable explosive charge according to Claim 3, characterized in that the notched grid (KG) has recesses or other devices suitable for forming splinters from the casing (HU).
  5. Switchable explosive charge according to Claim 3, characterized in that the notched grid (KG) consists of an inert material.
EP11008289.8A 2010-10-18 2011-10-14 Switchable explosive charge Active EP2442065B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010048570 DE102010048570B4 (en) 2010-10-18 2010-10-18 Switchable Wirkladung
DE201110010351 DE102011010351A1 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-02-04 Switchable operating load for warhead, has cover that forms splinter, in which tubular holder is arranged with multiple pellets that are arranged in distributing manner

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EP2442065A2 EP2442065A2 (en) 2012-04-18
EP2442065A3 EP2442065A3 (en) 2015-04-22
EP2442065B1 true EP2442065B1 (en) 2017-03-29

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DE102014003893A1 (en) * 2014-03-19 2015-09-24 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Switchable charge variants with perforated inserts and alternatively with reactive structural materials (RSM)

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DE102006018687A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-08 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Switchable charge
DE102006048299B3 (en) 2006-10-12 2008-09-25 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Cylindrical active charge
DE102008027900B4 (en) * 2008-06-11 2013-07-04 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Method and device for power control of a warhead
DE102008060737A1 (en) * 2008-12-05 2010-06-10 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Method and device for generating different splitter sizes
DE102009017160B3 (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-08-19 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Disassembling device for the explosive charge of a warhead

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EP2442065A2 (en) 2012-04-18

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