EP2442065A2 - Switchable explosive charge - Google Patents

Abstract

The switchable operating head has a cover (HU) that forms a splinter (T), in which a tubular holder (PH) is arranged with multiple pellets (P) that are arranged in a distributing manner. Three ignition devices are arranged over the circumference in the area of the holder in a distributing manner. The ignition devices are controlled or initiated adjacent to each other in a simultaneous manner. An independent claim is also included for a triggering method for a switchable operating load for a warhead.

Description

The invention relates to a switchable active charge of a warhead with a splitter-forming shell and with an active charge, in which a tubular support with a plurality of distributed arranged pellets is arranged, with a first end-side arranged ignition device, which corresponds to a plate-shaped Übertragerladung in the area Detonationswellenlenker is arranged, and a further ignition device, which is positioned in the longitudinal axis of the active charge, the ignition devices are independently initiated, and a triggering method for a switchable active charge of a warhead, which has a splitter-forming shell and an active charge and a tubular Holder with a plurality of distributed arranged pellets, wherein the effective charge is triggered either with a first end side arranged ignition device korrespondi with a plate-shaped Übertragerladung ert, in whose area a detonation waveguide is arranged, as well as alternatively with at least one further ignition device, which is positioned in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active charge, wherein the ignition devices are initiated independently of each other, optionally splinters of different sizes are generated.

The future use of warheads in different scenarios requires ammunition that can effectively combat both point targets and area targets. Especially considering the requirement for minimization of collateral damage, types of ammunition with a switchable effect are of particular interest. The focus here is on the idea of minimizing collateral damage, but at the same time it also offers the possibility of being able to achieve the full effect if no urban environment is to be taken into account.

The Applicant has already disclosed various concepts of metered or switchable active charges whose functionality has been recognized. From the DE 10 2006 048 299 B3 is a cylindrical active charge with a splinter-forming shell has become known. This has a concentric within the charge arranged tubular support which carries a plurality of distributed arranged pellets. Furthermore, the effective charge is equipped with a first end-side arranged ignition device which corresponds to a plate-shaped Übertragerladung. In the area of the transformer charge there is a detonation shaft link, by means of which the initiation proceeding from the first ignition device is conducted via the transformer charge and then strikes the effective charge in the region of the shell. Furthermore, at least one further ignition device is provided in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active charge, which carries out the initiation of the effective charge from there.

The mode of operation of an active charge with a holder for pellets is such that when the further ignition device is ignited, the generated detonation wave passes through the explosive pellets in the holder and on to the casing. In the retaining material, the detonation wave is converted into a shock wave and thereby somewhat delayed (since its velocity is lower than that of a detonation wave), while the pellets ignite immediately and thereby form new punctiform detonation sources which overlap one another. This interaction forms a pattern of detonation fronts. Therefore, disassembly of the envelope material according to the pattern of the pressure peaks occurs in the envelope. This splitter can be generated in adjustable size.

In practice, however, it has been shown that these fragments can not be broken down into arbitrarily small chips on the basis of the specifications from this document, as is now desired as the ability of the warhead. It is known that the distance of splinters in the air decreases exponentially with the size of the surface / volume ratio.

It is therefore an object of the invention to further develop a known reversible active charge such that up to 30% higher splitter speed can be achieved in the target direction and in a disassembling mode a disassembly of the casing into very fine splinters takes place.

The object is achieved in that in the region of the tubular support at least three ignition devices are distributed over the circumference, that in the region of the tubular support parallel to the main axis of the active charge multiple individual ignition devices or strip-shaped ignition devices are arranged, and that two or more adjacent ignition devices can be initiated at the same time or in a controlled manner.

Thus, for the first time, with a cylindrical active charge containing a tubular support with a plurality of explosive-filled pellets within the explosive charge, it is effective to focus the power toward the target and simultaneously counteract the target and over a wide range of angles to reduce it significantly. In the process, a performance increase of up to 30% is achieved.

Advantageously, the support is designed such that the diameters of the pellets are about 1 to 10 millimeters, and that the ratio of the distance between the centers of adjacent pellets to their diameter is greater than 1 but less than 5 (1 <a / d < 5), and that the shell is dimensioned in terms of the charge diameter, the curvature of the shell, the fragment side length, the fragment thickness and the parameters typical for the material of the shell such that the envelope properties in the region of the smooth detonation front (decomposition / non-decomposition) limit curve Cover lie, wherein the limit curve for the respective material of the shell is defined by the ratios of fragment side length to the charge diameter and splinter side length to splinter thickness.

It is particularly advantageous if the pellets are stochastically distributed with regard to their diameter and / or their mutual distances, or the pellets are arranged in a systematic manner on the holder.

Finest fragments are produced according to the invention if the ratio of the distance between the centers of adjacent pellets to their diameter is greater than 1 but smaller than 3 (1 <a / d <3).

A further advantageous embodiment of the effective charge is achieved in that the notched or mechanically prepared shell can be disassembled into fragments of a specific size and / or shape or that the unnotched shell can be dismantled into fragments of a specific size and / or shape due to the maxima and minima of the impinging detonation front ,

The object is further achieved in that the charge located within the holder has a first central part and a second part immediately surrounding the central part, the first part being made of a powerful explosive and the second part of a lower power explosive than the first part Explosive of the first part and wherein the layer has a thickness in the range of 5 - 25 mm, wherein the second part of the explosive charge preferably contains a metal powder and / or ammonium perchlorate.

A further solution of the problem is that the second part of the charge is applied directly to a layer consisting of an inert material, which itself is in contact with the shell, the layer being recesses or other means suitable for forming splinters from the shell having.

Finally, there is a solution to the problem in a triggering method for a switchable active charge of a warhead, which has a splinter-forming shell and an active charge and a tubular support with a plurality of distributed arranged pellets, the effective charge is triggered either with a first end side arranged ignition device, which corresponds to a plate-shaped Übertragerladung, and alternatively with at least one second ignition device, which is positioned in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active charge, wherein the ignition devices are initiated independently, whereby selectively splinters of different sizes are generated, characterized in that upon initiation of the first ignition device the detonation front over the Übertragerladung radially outward, is deflected on the shell and then grazing along the bracket and thus preform the acceleration of large ter or the generation and acceleration of natural splitter causes or that upon initiation of at least one third ignition device, which is disposed within the shell of the active charge and in the region of the holder, the in the opposite region of the holder and at a small distance distributed to each other arranged pellets are initiated , Overlay this plurality of initiated detonation points and thereby on the shell a detonation front with closely adjacent pressure maxima and pressure minima is present, which causes a local decomposition of the shell depending on the material of the shell in a variety of different splinters.

Thus, it is possible by means of the improvement according to the invention of a known switchable active charge and using the tripping method according to the invention for a switchable active charge to increase the power output towards the target by up to 30 percent, the power in the opposite direction is significantly reduced, where At the same time it is possible either to produce either shaped or natural splinters or to disassemble the shell into fine and finest fragments.

Fig. 1:

eine Wirkladung mit zusätzlichen im Bereich der Pellethalterung angeordneten Zündstellen,

Fig. 2:

eine periphere Initiierung einer Wirkladung zur Erzeugung schneller Konstruktionssplitter in Zielrichtung,

Fig. 3:

eine periphere Initiierung einer Wirkladung zur Erzeugung stark zerlegter und schneller Konstruktionssplitter,

Fig. 4:

eine periphere Initiierung einer Wirkladung zur Erzeugung schneller und kontrolliert zerlegter größerer Splitter,

Fig. 5:

eine Wirkladung mit peripherer Initiierung und einer die zentrale Sprengladung umgebenden weiteren Sprengladung,

Fig. 6:

eine Wirkladung mit peripherer Initiierung und einer die zentrale Sprengladung umgebenden weiteren Sprengladung und einer Splitter bildenden Innenhülle,

Fig. 7:

eine Wirkladung mit peripherer Initiierung und einer die zentrale Sprengladung umgebenden und mit Kerbeinrichtungen versehenen weiteren Sprengladung,

Fig. 8:

den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Wirkkörpers mit einer Pellethalterung,

Fig. 9:

ein Beispiel einer Grenzkurve für ein Metall in Abhängigkeit von Ladungs- und Splitterparametern,

Fig. 10:

die Initiierung der Wirkladung im Standard-Modus,

Fig. 11:

die Initiierung der Wirkladung mit Feinstzerlegung der Hülle.

An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically simplified in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it:

Fig. 1:

an active charge with additional ignition points arranged in the area of the pellet holder,

Fig. 2:

a peripheral initiation of an active charge to generate fast construction splits in the direction of the target,

3:

a peripheral initiation of an active charge to produce strongly disassembled and fast construction splits,

4:

a peripheral initiation of an active charge to produce faster and controlled decomposed larger splinters,

Fig. 5:

an active charge with peripheral initiation and a further explosive charge surrounding the central explosive charge,

Fig. 6:

an active charge with peripheral initiation and a further explosive charge surrounding the central explosive charge and a splinter-forming inner shell,

Fig. 7:

an active charge with peripheral initiation and a further explosive charge surrounding the central explosive charge and provided with notching devices,

Fig. 8:

the basic structure of an active body with a pellet holder,

Fig. 9:

an example of a limit curve for a metal as a function of charge and splitter parameters,

Fig. 10:

the initiation of the effective charge in standard mode,

Fig. 11:

the initiation of the active charge with finest dissection of the envelope.

The basic principle of the invention is in the FIG. 1 shown schematically simplified. This initially concerns that from the parent application DE 102010048570.5-15 known concept of a cylindrical holder for explosive pellets and two arranged on the longitudinal axis ignition Z1 (front side) and Z2 (center). According to the invention, additional peripheral ignition points Z3a, Z3b are added, which are arranged in the region of the holder PH and within the envelope H. At least three peripheral ignition points are provided, and more than 3 ignition points can be uniformly distributed over the circumference. Their number determines the directional accuracy in the direction of the target. The higher the number of firing points selected, the higher the aiming accuracy of the target. Thus, with four peripheral ignition points, an angular resolution of 90 ° is obtained, if one initiates only one ignition point opposite the target. However, it is also possible for two ignition points to be ignited simultaneously, for example, so that a refinement of the resolution to 45 ° is achieved.

At the peripheral ignition points is in the FIG. 1 only one ignition point per side provided, it can be provided in the longitudinal direction of the effective charge also several individual firing points or a peripheral initiating strip.

The aim of the invention is the up to 30% higher speed of the splitter generated from the envelope H by means of the peripheral ignition points 3a, 3b in conjunction with the in the holder PH filled with explosives pellets. The pellets only become detonatively effective when the detonation front from the ignition point Z3a, Z3b coming approximately perpendicular to the bracket PH. In the example of FIG. 2 the ignition Z3a shown on the left is initiated. Thus, the detonation front, which is represented by the reference numerals 1, 2 and 3 according to their development stages, hits the holder PH head-on. The pellets are detonatively effective and produce local behind the holder PH Detonation waves that overlap and lead to a modulated detonation front 4, which in turn meets the envelope H and this decomposes according to the pressure maxima and minima.

At the firing point itself, the detonation front also extends in the direction of the holder PH. However, it strikes the pellets stored in the holder initially only grazing, so that they are not detonatively effective, and thus form no modulated detonation front. With increasing distance from the ignition point there is a transition from the grazing to the frontal incidence of the detonation front on the holder PH. Thus, the pellets themselves are increasingly detonative effect.

In addition to the advantage of the increase in speed of the splinters generated in the target direction from the shell is also achieved a controlled disassembly of the shell in splinters. It is precisely on the side facing away from the target not only a lower speed of the splitter, but also achieved in terms of the effect of a less favorable form of the splitter, so that in this direction the efficiency decreases in a similar manner as it increases in the direction.

Further various embodiments of the effective charge can be found in the following description of the other figures.

In the FIG. 2 By way of example, a variant with preformed standard splinters is shown. In this case, only one peripheral ignition Z3a is activated. On the initiation side, the grazing incidence of the detonation front occurs and the pellets do not take effect. There is only a slight acceleration (V1) of the preformed splitter. These can be chosen so large by dimensioning that they would be effective due to their mass, but they lose this effectiveness due to the low speed again. Due to the size of only a few splinters are delivered.

On the opposite, target-oriented side, the pellets are struck roughly perpendicularly by the detonation front and activated. The superposition of the local detonation sources, caused by the pellets, leads to a decomposition of the envelope H consisting of preformed fragments into n parts (n = 2,..., 6). The degree of decomposition is achieved by a suitably selected pellet structure in the holder PH. In the example shown in FIG FIG. 2 If n = 4 (cross-shaped detonation fronts), four approximately equal parts T4 are generated from each preformed splitter. The size of the splinters is chosen so that the split splinters in the target look optimal. The splitter speed is significantly higher than on the side facing away from the target.

The transition in this effectiveness between the opposite side of the target and the target is continuous. The maximum lies exactly in the direction of the target, whereby the difference in the effectiveness due to the different fragmentation decomposition is considerable.

The difference of FIG. 3 to FIG. 2 lies in the use of preformed special splinters. Their production is based on the FIGS. 8-11 described in more detail. It is essential that in the direction of the target by means of a rough detonation front 4 with closely spaced Druckmaximas the preformed fragments of the shell H are decomposed into a plurality of small and smallest splinters TF. At close range, these splinters TF have a high efficiency, but this decreases very rapidly with increasing distance due to the air friction and is negligible after a few meters distance. In special applications, however, just this short effective distance is desired.

A further advantageous embodiment results from the use of a continuous unembossed envelope HU made of metal, as in FIG. 4 is shown. Analogous to the preformed splinters from the Figures 2 and 3 An unembossed metal shell HU is also broken down into splinters T by means of the pellets on the side which is aligned with the target. The degree of decomposition and the Disassembly patterns result from the number and distribution of the pellets P on the holder PH.

On the side of the ignition point, the pellets P do not act and the envelope HU is broken down into so-called natural splinters with a purely random splitter distribution.

In the case of a continuous envelope HU, however, one can coordinate one another by appropriate choice of the material, in particular by the choice of the material parameter brittleness, and on the other hand with the help of the roughness of the detonation front after passing through the holder PH, that this rough detonation front 4 the envelope HU decomposed by controlled decomposition processes, as well as spallation processes into a large number of small and smallest fragments, which then have only a small range.

On the side of the ignition point Z3a, the disassembly of the shell into the finest fragments does not take place, since here the detonation front is not modulated and strikes the envelope in a grazing manner.

In the other FIGS. 5 to 7 In each case a further explosive layer is arranged either in the region of the holder PH or in the region of a notched grid or the casing itself. On the one hand, this additional explosive charge SP1, SP2 or SP3 can be identical to the explosive charge SP of the previously described variants. On the other hand, it is also possible here to use an explosive type which differs greatly from the explosive charge SP. For example, for the internal explosive charge, a blast type and splitter acceleration effect type may be used, while the external explosive charge SP1, SP2 or SP3 is of the type that accelerates well only when strongly initiated via the explosive charge SP. However, these metal casings are accelerated only insufficiently if the explosive is not strongly initiated by suitably weak ignition points (eg Z3a).

The inner explosive charge SP can consist of a conventional high-performance explosive with so-called ideal detonation, in which the entire explosive charge is converted in the detonation front and releases its energy. The outer explosive charge layer, however, consists of a non-ideal explosive charge, in which only a small proportion is converted in the detonation front and the detonation pressures and the power output correspondingly lower. In such explosive charges, it often comes at later times to post-reactions.

The inner explosive charge SP has a powerful detonation with high detonation velocity after initiation. If this detonation front now encounters the further non-ideal explosive charge SP1, SP2 or SP3, it largely assumes the detonation behavior of the ideal explosive charge, as a result of which the shell is split up in a controlled manner and accelerated to high speeds. The transition layer depends on individual explosive-type detonative parameters and is thus variably adjustable within limits. It is usually several millimeters thick (eg 10 to 20 mm). On the firing site side (e.g., Z3a), on the other hand, the non-ideal explosive charge SP1, SP2, or SP3 is only weakly initiated, thereby disassembling the shell in a controlled manner and not accelerating at high speeds. In this way, this explosive charge behavior according to the present invention is exploited in conjunction with the fragmentation methods known per se.

The FIG. 5 shows a first example of the embodiment with two different explosives. On the one hand, the inner explosive charge SP consists of a conventional high-performance explosive, on the other hand, it surrounds on the outer surface of a layer of non-ideal explosive SP1. In the case of the peripheral initiation at the ignition point Z3a, the detonation front 1, 2, 3 strikes the layer SP1 on the opposite side, which assumes the detonative properties of SP and then activates the pellets P. On the igniter side, however, only a weak detonation occurs in the layer SP1, moreover, the pellets are not effective and the shell is only small accelerated. The effect thus proceeds as in the exemplary embodiment FIG. 4 , only that the difference in performance is even more pronounced.

The embodiment according to FIG. 6 shows a similar structure as that FIG. 5 , but with the difference that instead of the explosive layer SPA between the holder PH and the shell HU now an inert notched grid KG is provided. This is preferably a hollow cylinder made of plastic or metal, are milled into the grooves. If the detonation front 1, 2, 3 perpendicular to this notch KG, so the broken webs between the grooves N act like flying plates and then burst of detonation streams at high speed into the grooves. As a result, notches are struck in the continuous shell, so that the shell breaks at these points.

The situation is different on the side of the ignition Z3a. The detonation front falls there preferably grazing on the notch KG and the grooves are closed by the plastic deformation due to the high pressure effect. There is no notching of the shell. In addition, the shell is accelerated much less, since the explosive layer SP2 forms only a weak detonation.

Thus, a comparable directivity with respect to the fragmentation of the shell is achieved in this embodiment analogous to the pellet method, except that here, the difference in performance is even more pronounced.

Another example is in the FIG. 7 shown. This eliminates the support for the pellets and the layer of non-ideal explosive SP3 is located directly on the inside of the envelope HU. Similar to the grooves N in the notch KG in the FIG. 6 For example, the explosive layer SP3 has a multiplicity of notches K in the area of the separating surface of the envelope HU. Also in this case, the locally different angle of incidence of the propagating detonation front 1, 2, 3 is used in the same way. If the detonation front perpendicular to the Notched non-ideal explosive layer SP3 falls, this assumes due to the strong initiation of their detonation parameters and the notches K act in the explosive like small shaped charge jets. The shaped charge jets in turn strike notches in the unnotched envelope HU, which then serve as a predetermined breaking point for the directed and controlled expiring fragmentation of the shell. In grazing incidence, the hollow charge effect is suppressed and the shell is also only slightly accelerated due to the weak detonation of SP3.

In the FIG. 8 is simplified one embodiment of a cylindrical warhead for fragmentation shown. The main charge SP is surrounded by a metallic shell H, which may also be pre-stamped for the production of shaped fragments, or may consist of preformed splinters, but may also be formed from a continuous non-pre-stamped material. In the region of the longitudinal axis A, a first ignition device Z1 is provided for preferentially generating axial detonation fronts in the main charge, as well as a further ignition device Z2 for generating predominantly radial detonation fronts.

A detonation waveguide DL in the vicinity of the ignition Z1 prevents direct ignition to the main charge SP. Rather, the detonation front is guided to the envelope H via a transfer plate ÜL and then spreads along the envelope H in the axial direction.

The detonation waveguide DL can be designed, for example, layered. With alternate use of teflon and copper layers, a very compact design can be achieved.

At a certain distance from the inner wall of the envelope H, the holder PH for the plurality of explosive pellets P is disposed within the main charge. Previously described applications of such pellet holder were dimensioned so that the superposition of the arriving of the ignition device Z2 Detonation front initiated the pellets P and then formed by superposition of the fronts a new modulated detonation front, which ultimately leads to the controlled decomposition of the envelope H according to the position of the interference in the detonation front.

The object of the present invention is, however, to accelerate the shell optionally in splinter mode by means of the ignition device Z1 or to break the envelope H into fine and finest fragments in order to avoid collateral damage. This development goal is achieved according to the invention not only by reducing the diameter and the mutual distances of the pellets P, but play the typical parameters of the shell material together with the dimensioning of the pellets a crucial role.

Using the dimensioning proposed here, the detonation front runs from the ignition device Z2 through the pellet holder PH and forms after passing through this holder no longer a smooth unstructured, but a stochastic and thus a rough detonation front, by the close distribution of relative maxima and Minima is marked. This stimulates the decomposition into very small fragments or fragments in suitable materials of the shell in these.

Necessary is a careful coordination between the roughness of the detonation front on the one hand and the specific choice of the material parameters of the envelope H on the other hand. Certain types of steel have been found to work well in the practice of the invention, but materials such as molybdenum or tungsten have also shown good results. Sintered materials can be tailored to suit their suitability by sintering and Sinterart specifically for this application and adapt.

The FIG. 9 shows a so-called limit curve of the material decomposition into chips using the material chosen as an example tungsten heavy metal (WSM). The registered points are results various tests of fragmentation charges. The limit curve (dashed line) between the areas of splinter decomposition (above the limit curve) and non-decomposition (below the limit curve) is typical for each material and can be set by selecting the mentioned parameters. Furthermore, the ratios s / D, s / t of fragment side length s to the charge diameter D and of splitter side length s to the chip thickness t influence quite substantially. The larger the splinter side length s relative to its thickness t, or the greater the curvature of the charge surface 1 / r (D = 2r), the easier it is for the splinters to disassemble.

By means of the limit curves, by selective adjustment of material parameters, such as, for example, the sintering parameter and / or the splitter geometries, the splitter parameters can also be selected so that they are in the range of FIG. 9 represented limit curve between the non-decomposition and the fragmentation decomposition come to lie. Thus, to be achieved by the choice of the shell materials and the size or geometry selection that these splinters generated at normal acceleration by a smooth detonation front are already close to the limit of their integrity. A so-called rough detonation front according to the invention then impresses on the casing material locally strong pressure and stress gradients, which inevitably lead to the decomposition of the splinters.

There are versatile designs of pellet samples conceivable. It is not compulsory to use stochastically distributed pellets; even tightly packed pellet structures with numerous stress peaks and thus pronounced pressure and stress gradients can be used.

The in FIG. 10 mode shown corresponds to the known type of initiation of such active charge. In this case, the ignition device Z1 is activated. The detonation front DFL runs - as shown in dashed lines - around the layered detonation wave guide to the hull H and is deflected at right angles.

Then the detonation front grazing on the pellet holder PH. As a result, the pellets are indeed initiated, but there are no superpositions of different detonation fronts on the shell side. Thus, no rough detonation front on the inner wall of the shell H. The shell is decomposed in a known manner and the active charge is on the controlled disassembled or the natural or preformed splitter their full performance from the target. The range of the splinters thus produced is very large, since large splinters are not slowed down so much in the air in a known manner.

According to the invention, the active charge can be switched to at least one further ignition device Z2. Optionally, further ignition devices Z3, Z4-not shown-may be provided, which are likewise arranged in the region of the longitudinal axis A. As in FIG. 11 shown, the detonation front DFR spreads radially outward and passes through the pellet holder PH. After the initiation of the pellets P filled with explosive, the numerous initiation points are superimposed behind the pellet holder, whereby the desired roughness in the structure is imposed on the detonation front DF. If this extremely structured detonation front strikes the hull H, regardless of whether the hull is preformed (ie consists of preformed splinters) or not pre-notched, this results in the forced fine disassembly of the hull H into numerous small and smallest fragments and fragments.

In the vicinity of a few meters, these splinters, like large splinters, still have a high efficiency, in particular because the mechanical impulse and the mechanical pressure effect of the fine splitter front are still present. Experiments have shown that even thin target plates in this vicinity are still penetrate.

At a distance greater than about 5 meters, the velocity of these very small chips decreases exponentially, corresponding to the very high surface area to volume ratio, so that outside a distance of about 10 Meters almost no effect is recorded. In addition, even the conventional pressure effect by the explosive swaths decreases very rapidly with increasing distance.

Claims (13)

Reversible active charge of a warhead with a splitter-forming shell and with a cylindrical active charge, in which a tubular holder with a plurality of distributed arranged pellets is disposed within the explosive charge, with a first end-side arranged ignition device, which corresponds to a plate-shaped Übertragerladung in the area central detonation waveguide is arranged, and a further ignition device which is positioned in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active charge, wherein the ignition devices are independently initiated, according to DE 102010048570.5-15, characterized
that at least three igniters are arranged distributed over the circumference in the region of the tubular holder,
that in the region of the tubular support parallel to the main axis of the active charge multiple individual ignition devices or strip-shaped ignition devices are arranged, and
that two or several adjacent igniters are simultaneously or sequentially controlled be initiated. Switchable active charge according to claim, characterized
that the diameters (d) of the pellets (P) are about 1 to 10 mm,
that the ratio of the distance between the center points (a) of adjacent pellets (P) to the diameter (d) is greater than 1 but less than 5 (1 <a / d <5)
in that the shell (H) is dimensioned with regard to the charge diameter (D), curvature of the shell (1 / r), fragment side length (s), splinter thickness (t) and the parameters typical for the material of the shell such that the shell properties in the Range of the limit curve (decomposition / non-decomposition) of the envelope lie, wherein the limit curve for the respective material of the shell by the ratios (s / D, s / t) of splitter side length (s) to the charge diameter (D) and splitter side length (s) Splinter thickness (t) is defined. Switchable active charge according to claim 2, characterized in that
that the ratio of the distance between the center points (a) of adjacent pellets (P) to the diameter (d) is greater than 1 but less than 3 (1 <a / d <3). Switchable active charge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized
that the pellets (P) with respect to its diameter (d) and or their mutual spacing (a) are arranged stochastically distributed. Switchable active charge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized
that the pellets (P) are arranged systematically arranged on the holder (PH). Switchable active charge according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
that the notched or mechanically prepared shell can be dismantled into fragments of a specific size and / or shape. Switchable active charge according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
that the unnoted envelope can be dismantled into splinters of a specific size and / or shape due to the maxima and minima of the impinging detonation front. Reversible active charge of a warhead with a splitter-forming shell and with a cylindrical active charge, in which a tubular support with a plurality of distributed arranged pellets is disposed within the explosive charge, with a first end-side arranged ignition device with a plate-shaped Übertragerladung corresponds, in the region of a central detonation waveguide is arranged, and a further ignition device which is positioned in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active charge, wherein the ignition devices are independently initiated,
characterized in that the charge located within the holder has a first central part and a second part immediately surrounding the central part, the first part being made of a powerful explosive and the second part being of a lower power explosive than the explosive of the first part and wherein the layer has a thickness in the range of 5 - 25 mm. Switchable active charge according to claim 8, characterized in that
that the explosive of the second part contains metal powder and / or ammonium perchlorate. Reversible active charge of a warhead with a splitter-forming envelope and with a cylindrical active charge, with a first end arranged ignition device corresponding to a plate-shaped Übertragerladung, in the region of a central detonation waveguide is arranged, and a further ignition device, wherein the ignition devices are independently initiated , characterized
in that the charge inside the holder has a first central part and a second part immediately surrounding the central part, the first part being made of a powerful explosive and the second part being of a lower power explosive than the explosive of the first part, and wherein the layer has a thickness in the range of 5 to 25 mm,
that the second part of the charge bears directly against a layer consisting of a material, which itself is arranged in contact with the shell. Switchable active charge of one according to claim 11, characterized in that the layer has recesses or other devices suitable for forming fragments from the casing. Switchable active charge of one according to claim 11, characterized in that the layer consists of an inert material. Tripping method for a switchable active charge of a warhead, wherein this has a splinter-forming shell and an active charge and a tubular holder with a plurality of distributed pellets arranged, wherein the effective charge is triggered either with a first end-side arranged ignition device corresponding to a plate-shaped Übertragerladung, and alternatively with at least one second ignition device, which is positioned in the region of the longitudinal axis of the active charge, wherein the ignition devices are initiated independently of one another, whereby optionally splinters of different sizes are generated, characterized
that upon initiation of the first ignition device (Z1) the detonation front (DF) over the Übertragerladung (ÜL) runs radially outward, is deflected at the sheath (H) and then grazing along the holder (PH) and thus the acceleration of large preformed or causes the generation and acceleration of natural splinters (S), or
in that upon initiation of at least one third ignition device (Z3a, Z3b,...) which is arranged within the shell of the active charge and in the region of the support, the pellets (FIG. P) are initiated, superimposed on this plurality of initiated detonation points and thereby on the shell a detonation front (DF) with closely juxtaposed pressure maxima and pressure minima, which a local decomposition of the shell (H) depending on the material of the shell in a variety of different Splitter causes.

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