Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
  • A61M16/0087—Environmental safety or protection means, e.g. preventing explosion
  • A61M16/009—Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
  • A61M16/0087—Environmental safety or protection means, e.g. preventing explosion
  • A61M16/009—Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours
  • A61M16/0093—Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours by adsorption, absorption or filtration
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
  • A61M2202/02—Gases
  • A61M2202/0241—Anaesthetics; Analgesics
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
  • B01D2253/102—Carbon
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
  • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
  • B01D2253/108—Zeolites
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
  • B01D2253/302—Dimensions
  • B01D2253/306—Surface area, e.g. BET-specific surface
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
  • B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
  • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
  • B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
  • B01D2259/40086—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by using a purge gas
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
  • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
  • B01D2259/402—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using two beds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
  • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
  • B01D2259/414—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents
  • B01D2259/4141—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents within a single bed
  • B01D2259/4145—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents within a single bed arranged in series
  • B01D2259/4146—Contiguous multilayered adsorbents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
  • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
  • B01D2259/4533—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for medical purposes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the recovery of halogenated hydrocarbons, in particular of inhalation anesthetics and a filter thereto.
• Sorption processes are often used for separation, purification and drying of gases.
• HKW low-boiling halogenated hydrocarbons
• Reactively active carbons are already suitable for the purification of process or exhaust air (DE 37 13 346, DE 39 35 094 and DE 40 03 668).
• the requirements for high sorption capacity combined with optimum regenerability are already set out in the documents DD 239 947, DE 36 28 858 and DE 37 31 688.
• the recovery of HKW can be achieved with a high degree of recovery by desorption under high temperatures and low Press. As a result of the heat treatment, however, structural damage to the sorbents as well as the formation of halogen-containing decomposition products of HKW occur.
• hydrophobic zeolitic molecular sieves with a narrow pore distribution are used (EP 0 284 227).
• the desorption takes place below 150 ° C.
• the inhalation anesthetics are condensed out and recovered. In this case, decomposition products can not yet be excluded.
• the complex filter system in the effect is confusing and allows for its timing a possible determination of best values only due to a long-term and empirical gain in work experience.
• Particularly problematic is an arrangement in several sorbent beds, in particular of manageable in medical technology filters should have a steep characteristic of the breakthrough curves with exactly determinable times.
• a gas mixture is contacted at a higher pressure with a sorbent, wherein a component of the mixture is preferably sorbed in a first working stage and desorbed in a second stage under reduced pressure. Both areas are separated from each other so that only the sorbed component crosses into the second area. It combines a rectification of low-boiling gas components with a pressure swing adsorption. The mechanical device for this is complicated and does not meet the requirements of simple filter arrangements.
• sorptive separation is made possible by physical differences, for example in pore sizes, and by changes in the sorbent beds themselves.
• their selective separation can be carried out by various molecular sieve types. These can be mixed with one another or combined in two different sorbent beds. They have different pore sizes, which could also lead to temporal differences in the processes of sorption.
• Molsieb Symposiume each with different areas of the pore sizes, from 0.8 to 1 nm and 0.3 to 0.5 nm provided, which are flowed through spatially sequentially.
• Process control on HKW filters In previous filter arrangements, the process control is substantially controlled by macroscopically determinable conditions such as geometry and operating parameters reasonably. The selectivity of separations by sorption, however, necessarily determined by microscopic parameters. Differences in the size of the molecules in the spatial lattice structure of the sorbents cause static sieving effects as well as obstruction in the passage of the lattice. In contrast, the timing of these separations in the associated filters is determined by a complex and dynamically acting kinetics with pronounced non-idealities.
• activated carbons have a higher material conversion at low desorption temperatures and can thus better clean the exhaust air.
• the filter assembly may be continuous in a production or gas purification plant or may be configured as a regenerable and suitably evacuated filter cartridge.
• a sorption from the carrier gas in particular a desorption into the carrier gas and a distillation with saturated steam, are combined with one another.
• the temperatures for regeneration are lowered by up to 10 ° C and the sorbents and sorbates are thermally protected. It is possible, by lowering the pressure as a result of the application of a vacuum, that the temperatures for regeneration additionally reduce it.
• the velocities of the expiration gases in the flow through the successive stages are 0.2-0.3 m / s, the regeneration-related vapor velocities during regeneration up to 0.4 m 3 / (m 2 h) without the breakthrough curves be significantly deformed.
• the unfavorable breakthrough curves of the coal sump bed is converted into a favorable by the additional zeolite bed in the filter assembly.
• zeolites with an inner surface of preferably 800-1000 m 2 / g, used with a mean pore diameter of about 0.8 nm. Particularly advantageous is the use of dealuminated zeolites and those of the faujasite type.
• Suitable molecular sieve coals are substances having internal surfaces of preferably 1000-1400 m 2 / g and having an average pore diameter of 0.5 to 1 nm.
• An inhalation anesthetic flows through under mild conditions of 20 ° C -30 ° C and under normal pressure, a combined filter comprising an activated carbon bed and a bed of a zeolite.
• the cross-sectional flow velocities on the filter beds are set at about 0.05 m / s according to Table 1 so that within the two stages there is almost a sorption equilibrium between the sorbents and the anesthetic.
• the molecular sieve coals have advantages due to their high capacity, the zeolites due to their steeper breakthrough curves. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Anesthesiology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Ecology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-01-02 WO PCT/EP2008/050019 patent/WO2009083275A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2008-01-02 JP JP2010541035A patent/JP5701063B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-01-02 EP EP08701206A patent/EP2237854A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-07-02 US US12/830,065 patent/US8242317B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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