EP2233593B1 - Method and device for thermal recasting of pressure-hardened casting components made of sheet metal - Google Patents
Method and device for thermal recasting of pressure-hardened casting components made of sheet metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2233593B1 EP2233593B1 EP10157673A EP10157673A EP2233593B1 EP 2233593 B1 EP2233593 B1 EP 2233593B1 EP 10157673 A EP10157673 A EP 10157673A EP 10157673 A EP10157673 A EP 10157673A EP 2233593 B1 EP2233593 B1 EP 2233593B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet steel
- press
- furnace
- hot
- heating
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 89
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 31
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;manganese Chemical compound [Mn]#B PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hot forming plant for the production of press-hardened shaped components made of sheet steel, with an oven, by means of the hot-formed steel sheet is at least partially heated to austenitizing temperature, and a pressing plant for hot forming and press hardening of the heated steel sheet in the oven. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the production of press-hardened molded components made of sheet steel, in which steel sheet is heated at least partially to austenitizing temperature in an oven, then hot-formed by means of a pressing plant and cooled by means of a cooling device.
- hot forming plants For the press hardening of high-strength body parts, special hot forming plants are usually used, which essentially consist of a furnace and a press, in some cases also a multi-ram press. Usually, the presses are hydraulic presses, since relatively long closing times can be realized. In order to increase the performance of the hot forming plant, despite the associated slow cycle times of, for example, 2 to 3 strokes per minute, several parts on the applicant known hot forming lines per press stroke are simultaneously formed and press-hardened. A trim of hot formed components is usually done in a separate laser operation or a separate trim line, the components of the hot forming line discharged and returned to the hot forming line after trimming. This is very labor intensive and economically unfavorable, so solutions are sought as to how the press hardening and trimming processes in a production line can be combined.
- a furnace in the form of a continuous furnace and a hot forming line for the production of hardened steel sheet profile components is known.
- the heating zone of the furnace system is formed from separable coupled furnace modules.
- the furnace system can be extended by installing further furnace modules in the manner of a modular system in their capacity, so as to take account of increased power requirements.
- Each of these standardized oven modules is equipped with the necessary heating and conveying equipment.
- JP 2007-136533 A a transfer molding apparatus comprising a plurality of tool units, wherein a previously heated in a heating furnace metal plate in a first tool unit formed, perforated in a second tool unit and finally in the third tool unit is cropped.
- the formed and perforated workpiece is additionally cooled in the third tool unit.
- no active cooling is provided in the two of the third tool unit upstream tool units. Rather, the temperature of the workpiece should be kept substantially constant there. Accordingly, these two tool units are provided with heaters.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a hot forming plant or a method of the type mentioned above, which allows or the use of existing press capacities, allows a high stroke rate and thus provides high productivity.
- the hot-forming plant according to the invention comprises an oven, by means of which the steel sheet to be hot-formed is at least partially heatable to austenitizing temperature, and a press unit for hot forming and press-hardening of the steel sheet heated in the oven.
- a heating device having heating plates is arranged upstream of the furnace, by means of which the steel sheet can be heated at least partially to a temperature below the austenitizing temperature, preferably to a temperature in the range from 500 to 700 ° C., by applying or pressing the heating plates.
- the pressing system is designed for the execution of at least two-stage hot forming and cooling process, wherein a at least a first tool for hot working and cooling of the oven-heated steel sheet to a first temperature range of 700 to 500 ° C, and a subsequent part of the pressing plant at least a second tool for further cooling the hot-formed steel sheet to a temperature range of 300 to 200 ° C, and wherein the second tool further transforms, cuts and / or punches the hot-formed steel sheet during the second cooling process.
- the inventive method for the production of press-hardened molded components made of sheet steel is accordingly characterized in that the steel sheet before heating in the oven by means of a hotplate having heating device at least partially to a temperature below the Austenitmaschinestemperatur, preferably to a temperature in the range of 500 to 700 ° C.
- the steel sheet heated in the oven in a first part the press is hot formed and cooled to a first temperature range of 700 to 500 ° C and then further cooled in a subsequent part of the pressing plant to a second temperature range of 300 to 200 ° C, wherein the warm formed steel sheet in the subsequent part of the pressing system during the second cooling process additionally further formed, trimmed and / or perforated.
- the heating device By means of the heating device arranged upstream of the furnace, rapid preheating of the steel sheet to be hot-formed or of a corresponding blank can be carried out, so that the furnace for heating the blank to austenitizing temperature itself can be made relatively short and accordingly takes up correspondingly little space.
- the length of the furnace is, for example, in the range of 10 m to 20 m, and is preferably about 10 m or less.
- the furnace advantageously consists of a continuous furnace, preferably roller hearth furnace.
- the furnace is preferably provided with at least one inductive heating device and / or at least one infrared emitter.
- the combination according to the invention of an austenitizing furnace with an upstream heating device offers the possibility of reducing the required energy input for heating the sinkers to austenitizing temperature.
- this combination offers the possibility of selectively heating (heating) certain areas of the boards in the heating device, so that one or more specific areas of the respective board are not rendered austenitizing during the subsequent furnace run, and thus have lower strength values after the cooling step Areas that have been transferred to the austenitizing state. These less firm or hard areas are better suited for later trimming. In addition, these areas are not or significantly less sensitive to delayed cracking.
- the inventive method thus provides in this preferred embodiment of the invention that the steel sheet or the respective board in the heating device is partially heated or partially heated in partial surface areas.
- the invention proposes that the steel sheet is fed as a tailored board of the heating device, and that the board is not directly heated and / or tempered so that at least in a partial area in which subsequently a trimming and / or perforation this at least one subregion is not converted into the austenitizing state during the subsequent heating in the furnace.
- a high number of strokes and thus high productivity are made possible in the hot-forming plant according to the invention in particular by the multi-stage design of the pressing system.
- the respective board partially transferred into the austenitizing state is extensively formed in the first part of the pressing plant and cooled down to a press-hardening in a temperature range of about 700 ° to 500 ° C., preferably about 600 ° C.
- the hot-formed component is then further reduced to a small extent warm and calibrated and cooled in a temperature range of about 300 ° to 200 ° C, preferably about 200 ° C and thereby cut in one or more sections and / or punched.
- two-stage design of the pressing system can be achieved in particular a higher component strength. Because of the at least two-stage hot forming and cooling process, in which the vast majority of the hot working in the first part, ie performed in the first stage of the pressing plant, can be in the second or a subsequent part of the Pressing an improved fit with significantly increased contact area between the component and the cooling tool achieve, so that there is a better cooling and thus a higher component strength.
- the heating device of the hot-forming installation has heating plates which can be applied or pressed against a steel sheet to be heated therebetween.
- the heat transfer is dependent on the pressure of the heating plates and is applied according to an advantageous embodiment of the hot-forming according to the invention preferably either by means of a hydraulic, a mechanical press or a press-like device.
- the heating plates of the heating device are preferably designed as electrically or inductively heated heating plates.
- the heating energy costs can be reduced in particular by the use of inductively heated heating plates.
- the heating device of the hot-forming plant according to the invention may also have a non-contactassininduktor- or Ringinduktorschreibappel.
- a further preferred embodiment of the hot-forming plant according to the invention consists in that the multi-stage pressing system at least one mechanically or hydraulically driven device for trimming and / or punching the hot formed, press-hardened steel sheet is arranged downstream.
- the component can be punched or cut in close tolerances, and this preferably in the room temperature condition.
- dimensionally accurate holes and dimensionally accurate edge trimming in the hot state of the component can often not be achieved in the desired quality.
- the concept according to the invention allows the use of conventional mechanical or hydraulic presses from existing forming plants, in particular from cold forming plants, for the hard cutting of the hot-formed components.
- the pruning device downstream of the pruning device is formed from a toggle press, which is provided with at least one trimming and / or punching tool (Hartbe4.000technikmaschine).
- Toggle presses can transmit large cutting forces at an appropriate speed when cutting.
- the toggle presses of the hot forming system according to the invention are preferably designed as rigid toggle presses. With regard to the trim quality and trouble-free operation of the trimming device (toggle press), it is advantageous if it is equipped according to a further preferred embodiment with at least one cutting impact damper.
- a cooling device is arranged, by means of which the hot-formed and at the same time strongly cooled steel sheet with a liquid, in particular with water, oil or an emulsion can be further cooled.
- the Component is preferably cooled to room temperature.
- this cooling device preferably has an immersion bath container. If oil or an emulsion is used as the cooling agent or immersion bath in the cooling device, the subsequent hard trimming is thereby facilitated, thus improving the trimming result.
- the lubrication of the component or its immersion in an emulsion reduces the wear on the subsequent trimming tool or tools.
- an automatically controlled transfer device preferably a robot
- the transfer device arranged between the heating device and the furnace and / or the transfer device arranged between the furnace and the pressing device can be provided with a heating device in order to avoid (premature) cooling of the heated board.
- manganese-boron steel sheet and particularly preferably pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet are preferably used in the process according to the invention.
- the latter can be produced in a suitably equipped steelworks by continuous annealing.
- the material costs for pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet are higher than the material costs for untreated manganese-boron steel sheet.
- pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet offers untreated manganese-boron steel sheet has the advantage that the pre-diffused steel sheet can be transferred to the austenitizing state considerably faster, so that the kiln line required for this purpose can be dimensioned correspondingly shorter.
- the austenitizing furnace can therefore be made very short.
- a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that portions of the steel sheet or component are cooled at different speeds in the first part of the pressing system and / or in the subsequent part of the pressing system, wherein at least one partial area, in which subsequently a trimming and / or or a perforation is performed is cooled at a lower cooling rate than a partial area in which subsequently neither a trimming nor a perforation is performed.
- the partial area in which a trimming and / or perforation is subsequently carried out is preferably cooled at a cooling rate below 27 K / s. The corresponding subregion is thus given low strength values, so that it is better suited for hard cutting.
- hot forming plant is used to produce press-hardened molded parts 2 'made of sheet steel, such as suspension arms or side impact beams for motor vehicle doors. Other examples are bending beams, B-pillars, A-pillars and roof frames.
- the hot-forming plant comprises a stamping press 1 for cutting blanks 2 from a sheet steel strip 3.
- the sheet-metal strip 2 consists of manganese-boron steel, preferably from manganese-boron steel sheet (AlSi-22MnB5), which has been pre-diffused by continuous annealing. It is supplied as a coil 4 of an unwinding of the punch press 1, which operates with a high number of strokes.
- the blanks 2 are deposited on a stack 5 serving as a buffer, from where they are fed by means of a robot 6 or another suitable transfer device to a heating device 7 and inserted into this before they subsequently pass into a continuous furnace 8.
- the heating device 7 has a heated tool, which is preferably formed from two relatively movable heating plates 7.1, 7.2.
- the tool or the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 are heated electrically, with gas or inductively.
- the heated plates are guided in a guide frame and are pressed against each other with the board 2 arranged therebetween.
- heating elements 7.3 are integrated in the mutually movable heating plates 7.1, 7.2.
- the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 are provided with several heating forms 7.4, 7.5, of the respective heating plate 7.1, 7.2 protrude, wherein the heating molds 7.4, 7.5 of the respective heating plate are arranged spaced from each other.
- the opposing heating forms 7.4, 7.5 of the upper and lower heating plate 7.1, 7.2 thereby form a plurality of pairs of covering heating forms 7.4, 7.5.
- a board 2 is deposited on the lower heating forms 7.5.
- the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 or -formen 7.4, 7.5 are formed with respect to the boards 2 so that the later still to be trimmed areas or edges 2.1 of the boards 2 stored thereon in the closed state of the heating device 7 is not directly by contact with the Heating plates 7.4, 7.5 are heated.
- different heating conditions in the respective circuit board 2 can be achieved, so that a certain area 2.1 of the board 2 is not converted into the austenitizing state by the further heating in the subsequent furnace 8.
- the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 are pressed together with the interposed boards 2 mechanically or hydraulically to each other. The higher the pressure, the higher the heating rate.
- the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 can be heated to a temperature level of 500 ° to 700 ° C, preferably to 600 ° C.
- the temperature in the heating plates 7.1, 7.2 is adjusted so that from 500 ° C a heating rate of 12 K / s is not exceeded.
- an area 2.2 of the board 2, which is to be subsequently transferred to the austenitizing state in the furnace 8 has an average temperature of, for example, about 750 ° C.
- the edge of the board 2.1 or the region of the board 2, which is not to be transferred to the AustenitmaschinesSullivan an average temperature of, for example, about 450 ° C.
- the different temperature ranges having board 2 is transferred from the heating device in the oven 8. Again, this is preferably done with a robot or other suitable transfer device (not shown).
- the furnace 8 is preferably designed as a continuous furnace, for example as a roller hearth furnace or walking beam furnace. It has a length in the range of about 10 to 20 m and is equipped with at least one inductive heating device and / or at least one infrared radiator.
- the length of the continuous furnace 8 depends on the nature of the steel sheet 3 used for producing the molded components 2 '. If untreated manganese-boron steel sheet is used, the cut-out blanks 2 in the furnace 8 are first heated so that the area 2.2 of the respective blank 2 to be transferred to the austenitizing state has an alloying temperature over a period of about 300 seconds and thus 2.2 a fürleg réelle the board surface is done.
- the alloy temperature is usually in untreated manganese-boron steel sheet in a temperature range around 600 ° C (see. Fig. 6 ). Subsequently, the boards 2 are heated for a period of about 60 seconds in the oven 8 to Austenitmaschinestemperatur or to a temperature above the Austenitmaschinestemperatur.
- the lower transformation point A C1 at which the conversion of Ferrite begins in austenite is at the used manganese-boron steel sheet at about 730 ° C.
- the upper transformation point A C3 at which the transformation into austenite ends is in the illustrated example at about 830 ° C.
- the boards 2 are heated in the furnace 8 to a temperature well above the transformation point A C3 .
- the temperature of the blank area 2.2 transferred to the austenitizing state for the subsequent press hardening is approximately 950 ° C. when it is removed from the oven 8 (cf. Fig. 6 ).
- manganese-boron steel sheet AlSi-22MnB5 which has been pre-diffused by annealing, is preferably used as the coil material (starting material) 4.
- start material the coil material
- this pre-diffused material causes higher Vormaterialicide, but offers the ability to run the continuous furnace 8 very short, since in this case the relatively time-consuming alloying of the surface of the AustenitmaschinesSullivan to be transferred board area 2.2 no longer needs to be performed.
- Fig. 7 illustrates that when using pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet (AlSi-22MnB5) only in a relatively short time feasible heating to a temperature above the Austenitmaschinestemperatur in the continuous furnace 8 must be performed.
- the temperature of the board area 2.2 transferred to the austenitizing state for the subsequent press hardening in their removal from the oven 8 in this case is again about 950 ° C.
- This partial Austenitmaschine can be achieved in about 60 to 65 seconds, so that the furnace section can be made relatively short.
- the length of the continuous furnace 8 in this case may be, for example, only about 10 m or less.
- the thus heated board 8 is then removed by means of a robot or other fast transfer device from the oven 8 and inserted for hot forming and simultaneous press hardening in the first part of a 10.1 two-stage press line 10.
- the first stage or station 10.1 of the press plant 10 consists of a mechanical or hydraulic press.
- a hydraulic press with a pressing force of, for example, about 1,000 t or about 10 MN is used.
- the first part of the press unit 10 forming press 10.1 is equipped with a cooled forming tool.
- the majority of the hot forming work takes place in the first press, 10.1 wherein the resulting molded component in a time of only about 5 to 6 seconds of about 900 ° C in a temperature range of about 700 ° to 500 ° C, preferably 600 ° C. is cooled down.
- the cooling rate in the first stage 10.1 is thus approximately in the range of 80 to 33.3 K / s and thus in any case significantly above a critical cooling rate of 27 K / s.
- the mold component is further cooled down, further reduced to a small extent and calibrated.
- the second stage (station) 10.2 of the pressing plant consists of a mechanical or hydraulic press.
- the second stage 10.2 is a hydraulic press with a pressing force of, for example, about 800 t or about 8 MN. In addition to the hot forming and cooling of the component this is optionally cut or punched in the second stage 10.2 of the pressing system.
- the closing time of the presses 10.1 and 10.2 is variably adjustable.
- a fast transfer device between the two stations 10.1 and 10.2 of the press unit 10 to make the interruption of a rapid cooling requiring press hardening process by the transfer from the tool of the first press 10.1 in the tool of the second press 10.2 as short as possible.
- a robot or another fast transfer device is used, the or the component from the tool of the first press 10.1 in the tool of the second press 10.2 within a maximum of 4 seconds, preferably within a maximum of 3 seconds flips.
- the component 2 ' is then heated in a time of about 5 to 6 seconds from a temperature in the range of about 580 ° to 500 ° C to a temperature in the range of about 300 ° to 200 ° C. , Preferably 200 ° C cooled down and thereby optionally trimmed in some areas.
- the cooling rate in the second stage 10.2 is approximately in the range of 76 to 33.3 K / s and thus again significantly above the critical cooling rate of 27 K / s.
- the tools of the two pressing system stages 10.1, 10.2 are constructed in the region which contacts the component region 2.2, in which a high strength is to be achieved, made of highly heat-conductive material.
- the tool region which contacts the component region 2.1, in which a trimming of the component 2 'is to take place is formed from a material with relatively low thermal conductivity, so that the component region 2.1 still to be trimmed cooled more slowly and thus achieves lower strength values.
- a double-ram press can also be used in the hot-forming plant according to the invention.
- the cooling rate during hot working (including the component transfer from the first stage 10.1 to the second stage 10.2 of the press plant), taken as a whole, is well above the critical minimum cooling rate of 27 K / s.
- the curve labeled A PH represents the cooling rate or time-temperature curve of the martensite state transferred area 2.2 of the component 2 'in the two stages of the press plant 10, while the dotted curve labeled A crit represents the critical minimum cooling rate of 27 K / s represents.
- the dashed curve A B represents the cooling rate of the region 2.1 of the component 2 ', which is trimmed or punched during or after the hot working. It can be seen that the cooling in the edges 2.1 or areas of the component 2 ', in which a Hard trimming is carried out in such a way that the cooling rate below 27 K / s remains (see. Fig. 8 ).
- the process control in the hot forming tools of the two Pressstromhaven 10.1, 10.2 is thus optimally divided and matched with the time duration for the transfer of the component 2 'from the first hot forming tool of the first press 10.1 for hot forming tool of the second press 10.2.
- the hot forming tool of the first press 10.1 may be provided with hydraulic or mechanical control elements (not shown), which allow a change in the distance between the relatively movable tool halves.
- the hydraulic or mechanical adjusting elements are preferably automatically regulated as a function of the sheet metal inlet. The measurement of the sheet metal inlet or the sheet thickness is carried out by means of suitable sensors or measuring systems.
- At least one device 11.1 and / or 11.2 for trimming and / or punching the component 2' follows the two-stage pressing system 10.
- the one-stage or multistage trimming device 11.1, 11.2 a hard trimming of the regions not transferred to the martensite state, in particular the edges of the press-hardened molded components 2 ', is carried out.
- the trimming device 11.1, 11.2 is equipped for this purpose with suitable trimming and / or piercing tools.
- two trimming devices 11.1 and 11.2vorhanden which are formed by toggle press.
- the hot-forming plant according to the invention can have a plurality of such trimming devices, with one or two trimming devices 11.1 and / or 11.2 normally being sufficient.
- the pressing force of the respective toggle press 11.1, 11.2 is for example about 800 t or about 8 MN.
- the transferring of the components from the pressing system 10 into the trimming device (s) 11.1, 11.2 is again effected by means of one or more robots (not shown) or other suitable, sufficiently fast transfer devices.
- a further cooling of the component 2 ' may take place, which may in particular be a natural or forced air cooling.
- the number of strokes of the hot forming plant according to the invention is in the range of 5 to 12 strokes / min, preferably in the range of 7 to 12 strokes / min.
- FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment of the hot forming plant according to the invention differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 1 in that between the pressing system 10 and the trimming device 11.1 a cooling device 12 is arranged, by means of which the hot-formed, press-hardened molded component 2 'is cooled to room temperature RT with a liquid, preferably with oil or an emulsion.
- the cooling device 12 has for this purpose a trough-shaped container for receiving a liquid or emulsion bath, in which the respective component 2 'is immersed before the final trimming in the trimming device 11.1, 11.2.
- the finished component 2 ' is removed from the trimming device or toggle press 11.1 or optionally 11.2 and placed in a storage or transport container.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Warmumformanlage zur Herstellung von pressgehärteten Formbauteilen aus Stahlblech, mit einem Ofen, mittels dem warm umzuformendes Stahlblech zumindest partiell auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erhitzbar ist, und einer Pressanlage zum Warmumformen und Presshärten des im Ofen erhitzten Stahlblechs. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von pressgehärteten Formbauteilen aus Stahlblech, bei dem Stahlblech in einem Ofen zumindest partiell auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erhitzt, anschließend mittels einer Pressanlage warmumgeformt und mittels einer Kühleinrichtung abgekühlt wird.The invention relates to a hot forming plant for the production of press-hardened shaped components made of sheet steel, with an oven, by means of the hot-formed steel sheet is at least partially heated to austenitizing temperature, and a pressing plant for hot forming and press hardening of the heated steel sheet in the oven. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the production of press-hardened molded components made of sheet steel, in which steel sheet is heated at least partially to austenitizing temperature in an oven, then hot-formed by means of a pressing plant and cooled by means of a cooling device.
Für das Presshärten von hochfesten Karosserieteilen werden üblicherweise spezielle Warmumformanlagen verwendet, die im Wesentlichen aus einer Ofenanlage und einer Presse, in einigen Fällen auch einer Mehrstößelpresse bestehen. Üblicherweise sind die Pressen hydraulische Pressen, da relativ lange Schließzeiten zu realisieren sind. Um trotz der damit einhergehenden langsamen Taktzeiten von beispielsweise 2 bis 3 Hub pro Minute die Leistung der Warmumformanlage zu erhöhen, werden auf der Anmelderin bekannten Warmumformlinien pro Pressenhub mehrere Teile gleichzeitig geformt und pressgehärtet. Ein Beschnitt warm umgeformter Bauteile erfolgt bisher üblicherweise in einem separaten Laserarbeitsgang oder über eine separate Beschnittlinie, wobei die Bauteile aus der Warmumformlinie ausgeschleust und nach dem Beschnitt wieder in die Warmumformlinie zurückgeschleust werden. Dies ist sehr arbeitsaufwendig und in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht ungünstig, weshalb nach Lösungen gesucht wird, wie die Prozesse Presshärten und Beschneiden in einer Fertigungslinie kombiniert werden können.For the press hardening of high-strength body parts, special hot forming plants are usually used, which essentially consist of a furnace and a press, in some cases also a multi-ram press. Usually, the presses are hydraulic presses, since relatively long closing times can be realized. In order to increase the performance of the hot forming plant, despite the associated slow cycle times of, for example, 2 to 3 strokes per minute, several parts on the applicant known hot forming lines per press stroke are simultaneously formed and press-hardened. A trim of hot formed components is usually done in a separate laser operation or a separate trim line, the components of the hot forming line discharged and returned to the hot forming line after trimming. This is very labor intensive and economically unfavorable, so solutions are sought as to how the press hardening and trimming processes in a production line can be combined.
Im Kraftfahrzeugbau lässt sich der Trend beobachten, dass erhebliche Mengen an Karosserieteilen, die bislang durch Kaltumformen hergestellt wurden, durch warm umgeformte Bauteile, insbesondere pressgehärtete Bauteile ersetzt werden.In the automotive industry, the trend can be observed that considerable quantities of body parts, which were previously produced by cold forming, are replaced by hot-formed components, in particular press-hardened components.
Aus der
Des Weiteren ist aus
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Warmumformanlage bzw. ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art bereit zu stellen, die bzw. das die Nutzung vorhandener Pressenkapazitäten ermöglicht, eine hohe Hubzahl erlaubt und damit eine hohe Produktivität erbringt.The present invention has for its object to provide a hot forming plant or a method of the type mentioned above, which allows or the use of existing press capacities, allows a high stroke rate and thus provides high productivity.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Warmumformanlage mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11 gelöst.This object is achieved by a hot forming plant with the features of
Die erfindungsgemäße Warmumformanlage umfasst einen Ofen, mittels dem warm umzuformendes Stahlblech zumindest partiell auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erhitzbar ist, und eine Pressanlage zum Warmumformen und Presshärten des im Ofen erhitzten Stahlblechs. Erfindungsgemäß ist dem Ofen eine Heizplatten aufweisende Erhitzungsvorrichtung vorgeordnet, mittels der Stahlblech durch Anlegen oder Anpressen der Heizplatten zumindest partiell auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur, vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 500 bis 700°C erhitzbar ist. Die Pressanlage ist dabei für die Ausführung eines zumindest zweistufigen Warmumform- und Abkühlprozesses ausgebildet, wobei ein erster Teil der Pressanlage mindestens ein erstes Werkzeug zum Warmumformen und Kühlen des im Ofen erhitzten Stahlblechs auf einen ersten Temperaturbereich von 700 bis 500°C aufweist, und ein nachfolgender Teil der Pressanlage mindestens ein zweites Werkzeug zum weiteren Kühlen des warm umgeformten Stahlblechs auf einen Temperaturbereich von 300 bis 200°C aufweist, und wobei das zweite Werkzeug das warm umgeformte Stahlblech während des zweiten Abkühlprozesses weiter umformt, beschneidet und/oder locht.The hot-forming plant according to the invention comprises an oven, by means of which the steel sheet to be hot-formed is at least partially heatable to austenitizing temperature, and a press unit for hot forming and press-hardening of the steel sheet heated in the oven. According to the invention, a heating device having heating plates is arranged upstream of the furnace, by means of which the steel sheet can be heated at least partially to a temperature below the austenitizing temperature, preferably to a temperature in the range from 500 to 700 ° C., by applying or pressing the heating plates. The pressing system is designed for the execution of at least two-stage hot forming and cooling process, wherein a at least a first tool for hot working and cooling of the oven-heated steel sheet to a first temperature range of 700 to 500 ° C, and a subsequent part of the pressing plant at least a second tool for further cooling the hot-formed steel sheet to a temperature range of 300 to 200 ° C, and wherein the second tool further transforms, cuts and / or punches the hot-formed steel sheet during the second cooling process.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von pressgehärteten Formbauteilen aus Stahlblech ist dementsprechend dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stahlblech vor dem Erhitzen in dem Ofen mittels einer Heizplatten aufweisenden Erhitzungsvorrichtung zumindest partiell auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur, vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 500 bis 700°C erhitzt wird, indem das Stahlblech zwischen den Heizplatten angeordnet und an diese angelegt oder zwischen den Heizplatten eingespannt wird, und dass das Abkühlen des warmumgeformten Stahlblechs in einem zumindest zweistufigen Warmumform- und Abkühlprozess durchgeführt wird, wobei das in dem Ofen erhitzte Stahlblech in einem ersten Teil der Pressanlage warm umgeformt und auf einen ersten Temperaturbereich von 700 bis 500°C abgekühlt wird und anschließend in einem nachfolgenden Teil der Pressanlage weiter auf einen zweiten Temperaturbereich von 300 bis 200°C abgekühlt wird, wobei das warmumgeformte Stahlblech in dem nachfolgenden Teil der Pressanlage während des zweiten Abkühlprozesses zusätzlich weiter umgeformt, beschnitten und/oder gelocht wird.The inventive method for the production of press-hardened molded components made of sheet steel is accordingly characterized in that the steel sheet before heating in the oven by means of a hotplate having heating device at least partially to a temperature below the Austenitisierungstemperatur, preferably to a temperature in the range of 500 to 700 ° C. is heated by arranging the steel sheet between and placed against the heating plates or clamped between the heating plates, and that the cooling of the hot-formed steel sheet is carried out in an at least two-stage hot forming and cooling process, wherein the steel sheet heated in the oven in a first part the press is hot formed and cooled to a first temperature range of 700 to 500 ° C and then further cooled in a subsequent part of the pressing plant to a second temperature range of 300 to 200 ° C, wherein the warm formed steel sheet in the subsequent part of the pressing system during the second cooling process additionally further formed, trimmed and / or perforated.
Durch die dem Ofen vorgeordnete Erhitzungsvorrichtung kann eine schnelle Vorwärmung des warm umzuformenden Stahlblechs bzw. einer entsprechenden Platine durchgeführt werden, so dass der Ofen zur Erhitzung der Platine auf Austenitisierungstemperatur selbst relativ kurz ausgeführt werden kann und somit entsprechend wenig Platz in Anspruch nimmt. Die Länge des Ofens liegt beispielsweise im Bereich von 10 m bis 20 m und beträgt vorzugsweise etwa 10 m oder weniger.By means of the heating device arranged upstream of the furnace, rapid preheating of the steel sheet to be hot-formed or of a corresponding blank can be carried out, so that the furnace for heating the blank to austenitizing temperature itself can be made relatively short and accordingly takes up correspondingly little space. The length of the furnace is, for example, in the range of 10 m to 20 m, and is preferably about 10 m or less.
Aufgrund des relativ geringen Platzbedarfes des Ofens und der zugeordneten Erhitzungsvorrichtung wird die erfindungsgemäße Anlage problemlos in einer bestehenden Produktionshalle aufgestellt werden können. Ein Hallenneubau ist somit meist nicht erforderlich. Der Ofen besteht vorteilhaft aus einem Durchlaufofen, vorzugsweise Rollenherdofen. Um die Ofenstrecke, d.h. die Länge des Ofens möglichst kurz ausführen zu können, ist der Ofen vorzugsweise mit mindestens einer induktiven Heizeinrichtung und/oder mindestens einem Infrarot-Strahler versehen.Due to the relatively small footprint of the furnace and the associated heating device, the inventive system can be easily installed in an existing production hall. A new hall construction is therefore usually not required. The furnace advantageously consists of a continuous furnace, preferably roller hearth furnace. Around the kiln line, i. To be able to carry out the length of the furnace as short as possible, the furnace is preferably provided with at least one inductive heating device and / or at least one infrared emitter.
Des Weiteren bietet die erfindungsgemäße Kombination eines Austenitisierungsofens mit einer vorgeordneten Erhitzungsvorrichtung die Möglichkeit, den erforderlichen Energieeinsatz zur Erhitzung der Platinen auf Austenitisierungstemperatur zu reduzieren. Insbesondere bietet diese Kombination die Möglichkeit einer selektiven Erhitzung (Erwärmung) bestimmter Bereiche der Platinen in der Erhitzungsvorrichtung, so dass ein oder mehrere bestimmte Bereiche der jeweiligen Platine während des anschließenden Ofendurchlaufs nicht in den Austenitisierungszustand überführt werden und somit nach dem Abkühlschritt geringere Festigkeitswerte aufweisen als die Bereiche, die in den Austenitisierungszustand überführt wurden. Diese weniger festen bzw. harten Bereiche sind für ein späteres Beschneiden besser geeignet. Außerdem sind diese Bereiche nicht oder erheblich weniger empfindlich hinsichtlich einer verzögerten Rissbildung.Furthermore, the combination according to the invention of an austenitizing furnace with an upstream heating device offers the possibility of reducing the required energy input for heating the sinkers to austenitizing temperature. In particular, this combination offers the possibility of selectively heating (heating) certain areas of the boards in the heating device, so that one or more specific areas of the respective board are not rendered austenitizing during the subsequent furnace run, and thus have lower strength values after the cooling step Areas that have been transferred to the austenitizing state. These less firm or hard areas are better suited for later trimming. In addition, these areas are not or significantly less sensitive to delayed cracking.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sieht somit in dieser bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, dass das Stahlblech bzw. die jeweilige Platine in der Erhitzungsvorrichtung partiell oder in Teilflächenbereichen unterschiedlich stark erhitzt wird. Insbesondere schlägt die Erfindung vor, dass das Stahlblech als zugeschnittene Platine der Erhitzungsvorrichtung zugeführt wird, und dass die Platine zumindest in einem Teilbereich, in welchem nachfolgend ein Beschnitt und/oder eine Lochung durchgeführt wird, nicht direkt erwärmt und/oder so temperiert wird, dass dieser mindestens eine Teilbereich bei der nachfolgenden Erhitzung im Ofen nicht in den Austenitisierungszustand überführt wird.The inventive method thus provides in this preferred embodiment of the invention that the steel sheet or the respective board in the heating device is partially heated or partially heated in partial surface areas. In particular, the invention proposes that the steel sheet is fed as a tailored board of the heating device, and that the board is not directly heated and / or tempered so that at least in a partial area in which subsequently a trimming and / or perforation this at least one subregion is not converted into the austenitizing state during the subsequent heating in the furnace.
Eine hohe Hubzahl und damit eine hohe Produktivität werden bei der erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformanlage insbesondere durch die mehrstufige Ausführung der Pressanlage ermöglicht.A high number of strokes and thus high productivity are made possible in the hot-forming plant according to the invention in particular by the multi-stage design of the pressing system.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die jeweilige partiell in den Austenitisierungszustand überführte Platine weitgehend in dem ersten Teil der Pressanlage umgeformt und dabei zur Presshärtung in einen Temperaturbereich von ca. 700° bis 500°C, vorzugsweise etwa 600°C heruntergekühlt. In dem nachfolgenden Teil der Pressanlage wird das warm umgeformte Bauteil dann noch in geringem Umfang weiter warm umgeformt und kalibriert sowie in einen Temperaturbereich von ca. 300° bis 200°C, vorzugsweise etwa 200°C heruntergekühlt und dabei in einem oder mehreren Teilbereichen beschnitten und/oder gelocht.According to the invention, the respective board partially transferred into the austenitizing state is extensively formed in the first part of the pressing plant and cooled down to a press-hardening in a temperature range of about 700 ° to 500 ° C., preferably about 600 ° C. In the subsequent part of the pressing system, the hot-formed component is then further reduced to a small extent warm and calibrated and cooled in a temperature range of about 300 ° to 200 ° C, preferably about 200 ° C and thereby cut in one or more sections and / or punched.
Durch die mehrstufige, vorzugsweise zweistufige Ausführung der Pressanlage lässt sich insbesondere eine höhere Bauteilfestigkeit erreichen. Denn aufgrund des zumindest zweistufigen Warmumform- und Abkühlprozesses, in welchem der überwiegende Anteil der Warmumformung in dem ersten Teil, d.h. in der ersten Stufe der Pressanlage durchgeführt wird, lässt sich in dem zweiten bzw. einem nachfolgenden Teil der Pressanlage ein verbesserter Sitz mit erheblich vergrößerter Kontaktfläche zwischen Bauteil und Kühlwerkzeug erzielen, so dass sich eine bessere Abkühlung und damit eine höhere Bauteilfestigkeit ergibt.Due to the multi-stage, preferably two-stage design of the pressing system can be achieved in particular a higher component strength. Because of the at least two-stage hot forming and cooling process, in which the vast majority of the hot working in the first part, ie performed in the first stage of the pressing plant, can be in the second or a subsequent part of the Pressing an improved fit with significantly increased contact area between the component and the cooling tool achieve, so that there is a better cooling and thus a higher component strength.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Erhitzungsvorrichtung der Warmumformanlage Heizplatten auf, die an ein dazwischen angeordnetes, zu erhitzendes Stahlblech anleg- oder anpressbar sind. Der Wärmeübergang ist vom Andruck der Heizplatten abhängig und wird nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformanlage vorzugsweise entweder mittels einer hydraulischen, einer mechanischen Presse oder einer pressenähnlichen Vorrichtung aufgebracht.According to the invention, the heating device of the hot-forming installation has heating plates which can be applied or pressed against a steel sheet to be heated therebetween. The heat transfer is dependent on the pressure of the heating plates and is applied according to an advantageous embodiment of the hot-forming according to the invention preferably either by means of a hydraulic, a mechanical press or a press-like device.
Um einen ausgewählten Teilbereich des warm umzuformenden Stahlblechs schnell und kostengünstig auf eine vorgebbare Temperatur erhitzen zu können, sind die Heizplatten der Erhitzungsvorrichtung vorzugsweise als elektrisch oder induktiv beheizte Heizplatten ausgeführt. Die Heizenergiekosten lassen sich insbesondere durch die Verwendung induktiv beheizter Heizplatten reduzieren.In order to heat a selected portion of the hot-formed steel sheet quickly and inexpensively to a predetermined temperature, the heating plates of the heating device are preferably designed as electrically or inductively heated heating plates. The heating energy costs can be reduced in particular by the use of inductively heated heating plates.
Anstelle von Heizplatten, die mit dem Stahlblech bzw. der Platine in Kontakt gebracht werden, kann die Erhitzungsvorrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformanlage auch eine berührungslos wirkende Flächeninduktor- oder Ringinduktorheizeinheit aufweisen.Instead of heating plates, which are brought into contact with the steel sheet or the board, the heating device of the hot-forming plant according to the invention may also have a non-contact Flächeninduktor- or Ringinduktorheizeinheit.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformanlage besteht darin, dass der mehrstufigen Pressanlage mindestens eine mechanisch oder hydraulisch angetriebene Vorrichtung zum Beschneiden und/oder Lochen des warm umgeformten, pressgehärteten Stahlblechs nachgeordnet ist. Das Bauteil kann so in engen Toleranzen gelocht bzw. beschnitten werden, und dies vorzugsweise im Raumtemperaturzustand. Denn erfahrungsgemäß lassen sich maßgenaue Löcher sowie ein maßgenauer Randbeschnitt im warmen Zustand des Bauteils häufig nicht in der gewünschten Qualität erzielen.A further preferred embodiment of the hot-forming plant according to the invention consists in that the multi-stage pressing system at least one mechanically or hydraulically driven device for trimming and / or punching the hot formed, press-hardened steel sheet is arranged downstream. The component can be punched or cut in close tolerances, and this preferably in the room temperature condition. Experience has shown that dimensionally accurate holes and dimensionally accurate edge trimming in the hot state of the component can often not be achieved in the desired quality.
Das erfindungsgemäße Konzept erlaubt für den Hartbeschnitt der warmumgeformten Bauteile die Verwendung konventioneller mechanischer oder hydraulischer Pressen aus vorhandenen Umformanlagen, insbesondere aus Kaltumformanlagen.The concept according to the invention allows the use of conventional mechanical or hydraulic presses from existing forming plants, in particular from cold forming plants, for the hard cutting of the hot-formed components.
Vorzugsweise ist die der Pressanlage nachgeordnete Beschneidevorrichtung aus einer Kniehebelpresse gebildet, die mit mindestens einem Beschnitt- und/oder Lochwerkzeug (Hartbeschnittwerkzeug) versehen ist. Kniehebelpressen können beim Schneiden große Schnittkräfte mit angepasster Geschwindigkeit übertragen. Die Kniehebelpressen der erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformanlage sind vorzugsweise als steife Kniehebelpressen ausgeführt. Hinsichtlich der Beschnittqualität sowie eines störungsfreien Betriebes der Beschneidevorrichtung (Kniehebelpresse) ist es günstig, wenn diese gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung mit mindestens einem Schnittschlagdämpfer ausgestattet ist.Preferably, the pruning device downstream of the pruning device is formed from a toggle press, which is provided with at least one trimming and / or punching tool (Hartbeschnittwerkzeug). Toggle presses can transmit large cutting forces at an appropriate speed when cutting. The toggle presses of the hot forming system according to the invention are preferably designed as rigid toggle presses. With regard to the trim quality and trouble-free operation of the trimming device (toggle press), it is advantageous if it is equipped according to a further preferred embodiment with at least one cutting impact damper.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass zwischen der Pressanlage und der Beschneidevorrichtung eine Abkühlvorrichtung angeordnet ist, mittels der das warmumgeformte und zugleich stark heruntergekühlte Stahlblech mit einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere mit Wasser, Öl oder einer Emulsion weiter abgekühlt werden kann. Das Bauteil wird dabei vorzugsweise auf Raumtemperatur gekühlt. Vorzugsweise weist diese Abkühlvorrichtung hierzu einen Tauchbadbehälter auf. Wird in der Abkühlvorrichtung Öl oder eine Emulsion als Abkühlmittel bzw. Tauchbad verwendet, so wird dadurch der nachfolgende Hartbeschnitt erleichtert und somit das Beschnittergebnis verbessert. Insbesondere verringert sich durch die Beölung des Bauteils bzw. dessen Eintauchen in eine Emulsion der Verschleiß an dem oder den nachfolgenden Beschnittwerkzeugen.According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that between the pressing system and the trimming device, a cooling device is arranged, by means of which the hot-formed and at the same time strongly cooled steel sheet with a liquid, in particular with water, oil or an emulsion can be further cooled. The Component is preferably cooled to room temperature. For this purpose, this cooling device preferably has an immersion bath container. If oil or an emulsion is used as the cooling agent or immersion bath in the cooling device, the subsequent hard trimming is thereby facilitated, thus improving the trimming result. In particular, the lubrication of the component or its immersion in an emulsion reduces the wear on the subsequent trimming tool or tools.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformanlage ist zur Übergabe der Platine bzw. des Bauteils von der Erhitzungsvorrichtung zum Ofen und/oder vom Ofen zur Pressanlage und/oder von der Pressanlage zu einer nachgeordneten Beschneidevorrichtung jeweils eine automatisch gesteuerte Transfereinrichtung, vorzugsweise ein Roboter vorgesehen. Dabei kann die zwischen der Erhitzungsvorrichtung und dem Ofen angeordnete Transfereinrichtung und/oder die zwischen dem Ofen und der Pressanlage angeordnete Transfereinrichtung mit einer Heizeinrichtung versehen sein, um eine (vorzeitige) Abkühlung der erhitzten Platine zu vermeiden.In a further embodiment of the hot-forming plant according to the invention, in each case an automatically controlled transfer device, preferably a robot, is provided for transferring the board or the component from the heating device to the furnace and / or from the furnace to the pressing plant and / or from the pressing plant to a downstream trimming device. In this case, the transfer device arranged between the heating device and the furnace and / or the transfer device arranged between the furnace and the pressing device can be provided with a heating device in order to avoid (premature) cooling of the heated board.
Zur Herstellung der pressgehärteten Formbauteile wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bevorzugt Mangan-Bor-Stahlblech und besonders bevorzugt vordiffundiertes Mangan-Bor-Stahlblech (AlSi-22MnB5) verwendet. Letzteres kann in einem entsprechend ausgerüsteten Stahlwerk durch Durchlaufglühen erzeugt werden. Die Materialkosten für vordiffundiertes Mangan-Bor-Stahlblech sind zwar höher als die Materialkosten für unbehandeltes Mangan-Bor-Stahlblech. Vordiffundiertes Mangan-Bor-Stahlblech bietet jedoch gegenüber unbehandeltem Mangan-Bor-Stahlblech den Vorteil, dass das vordiffundierte Stahlblech erheblich schneller in den Austenitisierungszustand überführt werden kann, so dass die zu diesem Zweck erforderliche Ofenstrecke entsprechend kürzer bemessen werden kann. Bei Verwendung von vordiffundiertem Mangan-Bor-Stahlblech kann der Austenitisierungsofen also sehr kurz ausgeführt werden.For the production of the press-hardened molded components, manganese-boron steel sheet and particularly preferably pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet (AlSi-22MnB5) are preferably used in the process according to the invention. The latter can be produced in a suitably equipped steelworks by continuous annealing. Although the material costs for pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet are higher than the material costs for untreated manganese-boron steel sheet. However, pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet offers untreated manganese-boron steel sheet has the advantage that the pre-diffused steel sheet can be transferred to the austenitizing state considerably faster, so that the kiln line required for this purpose can be dimensioned correspondingly shorter. When using pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet, the austenitizing furnace can therefore be made very short.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Teilbereiche des Stahlblechs bzw. Bauteils in dem ersten Teil der Pressanlage und/oder in dem nachfolgenden Teil der Pressanlage unterschiedlich schnell abgekühlt werden, wobei zumindest ein Teilbereich, in welchem nachfolgend ein Beschnitt und/oder eine Lochung durchgeführt wird, mit einer geringeren Abkühlrate abgekühlt wird als ein Teilbereich, in welchem nachfolgend weder ein Beschnitt noch eine Lochung durchgeführt wird. Der Teilbereich, in welchem nachfolgend ein Beschnitt und/oder eine Lochung durchgeführt wird, wird dabei vorzugsweise mit einer Abkühlrate unterhalb von 27 K/s abgekühlt. Der entsprechende Teilbereich erhält dadurch geringe Festigkeitswerte, so dass er sich für das Hartbeschneiden besser eignet.A further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that portions of the steel sheet or component are cooled at different speeds in the first part of the pressing system and / or in the subsequent part of the pressing system, wherein at least one partial area, in which subsequently a trimming and / or or a perforation is performed is cooled at a lower cooling rate than a partial area in which subsequently neither a trimming nor a perforation is performed. The partial area in which a trimming and / or perforation is subsequently carried out is preferably cooled at a cooling rate below 27 K / s. The corresponding subregion is thus given low strength values, so that it is better suited for hard cutting.
Weitere bevorzugte und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformanlage und des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung:
- Fig. 1
- eine Warmumformanlage gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
- Fig. 2
- eine Warmumformanlage gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
- Fig. 3
- eine in der Warmumformanlage der
Fig. 1 sowie derFig. 2 implementierte Erhitzungsvorrichtung in vergrößerter Darstellung; - Fig. 4
- eine untere Heizplatte der Erhitzungsvorrichtung mit darauf abgelegten Platinen in Draufsicht;
- Fig. 5
- eine einzelne Platine in Draufsicht;
- Fig. 6
- einen Temperaturverlauf für einen in den Austenitisierungszustand zu überführenden Bereich eines unbehandelten Mangan-Bor-Stahlblechs;
- Fig. 7
- einen Temperaturverlauf für einen in den Austenitisierungszustand zu überführenden Bereich eines vordiffundierten Mangan-Bor-Stahlblechs; und
- Fig. 8
- ein Zeit-Temperatur-Diagramm (Abkühldiagramm), in welchem eine kritische Mindestabkühlkurve, eine Zeit-Temperatur-Kurve für eine Presshärtung von Formbauteilen während der Warmumformung und eine Zeit-Temperatur-Kurve für nicht in den Martensitzustand überführte Beschnittbereiche der Formbauteile eingezeichnet ist.
- Fig. 1
- a hot forming plant according to a first embodiment;
- Fig. 2
- a hot forming plant according to a second embodiment;
- Fig. 3
- one in the hot forming plant of
Fig. 1 as well as theFig. 2 implemented heating device in an enlarged view; - Fig. 4
- a bottom heating plate of the heating device with boards stored thereon in plan view;
- Fig. 5
- a single board in plan view;
- Fig. 6
- a temperature profile for a region to be transferred to the austenitizing state of an untreated manganese-boron steel sheet;
- Fig. 7
- a temperature profile for a austenitizing to be transferred in the region of a pre-diffused manganese-boron steel sheet; and
- Fig. 8
- a time-temperature diagram (cooling diagram) in which a critical Mindestabkühlkurve, a time-temperature curve for a press hardening of mold components during hot forming and a time-temperature curve is plotted for not in the Martensitzustand transferred trim portions of the mold components.
Die in
Die erfindungsgemäße Erhitzungsvorrichtung 7 weist ein beheiztes Werkzeug auf, das vorzugsweise aus zwei relativ zueinander beweglichen Heizplatten 7.1, 7.2 gebildet ist. Das Werkzeug bzw. die Heizplatten 7.1, 7.2 werden elektrisch, mit Gas oder induktiv beheizt. Die beheizten Platten sind in einem Führungsgestell geführt und werden mit der dazwischen angeordneten Platine 2 gegeneinander gedrückt.The
In dem in
Im geöffneten Zustand der Erhitzungsvorrichtung wird auf die unteren Heizformen 7.5 je eine Platine 2 abgelegt. Die Heizplatten 7.1, 7.2 bzw. -formen 7.4, 7.5 sind in Bezug auf die Platinen 2 so ausgebildet, dass die später noch zu beschneidenden Bereiche bzw. Ränder 2.1 der darauf abgelegten Platinen 2 im geschlossenen Zustand der Erhitzungsvorrichtung 7 nicht direkt durch Kontakt mit den Heizplatten 7.4, 7.5 erwärmt werden. Hierdurch können unterschiedliche Erwärmungszustände in der jeweiligen Platine 2 erreicht werden, so dass ein bestimmter Bereich 2.1 der Platine 2 durch die weitere Erhitzung in dem nachfolgenden Ofen 8 nicht in den Austenitisierungszustand überführt wird.In the opened state of the heating device, a
Zum schnellen Erhitzen der Platinen 2 werden die Heizplatten 7.1, 7.2 mit den dazwischen angeordneten Platinen 2 mechanisch oder hydraulisch aneinander gepresst. Je höher der Andruck, desto höher ist die Aufheizgeschwindigkeit. Die Heizplatten 7.1, 7.2 können auf ein Temperaturniveau von 500° bis 700°C, vorzugsweise bis 600°C erwärmt werden. Die Temperatur in den Heizplatten 7.1, 7.2 wird dabei so eingestellt, dass ab 500°C eine Aufheizgeschwindigkeit von 12 K/s nicht überschritten wird. Am Ende der Erwärmung in der Erhitzungsvorrichtung weist ein Bereich 2.2 der Platine 2, der nachfolgend im Ofen 8 in den Austenitisierungszustand überführt werden soll, eine mittlere Temperatur von zum Beispiel etwa 750°C auf, wohingegen der Platinenrand 2.1 bzw. der Bereich der Platine 2, der nicht in den Austenitisierungszustand überführt werden soll, eine mittlere Temperatur von beispielsweise etwa 450°C aufweist.For rapid heating of the
Sodann wird die unterschiedliche Temperaturbereiche aufweisende Platine 2 aus der Erhitzungsvorrichtung in den Ofen 8 überführt. Auch dies erfolgt vorzugsweise mit einem Roboter oder einer anderen geeigneten Transfereinrichtung (nicht gezeigt).Then, the different temperature
Der Ofen 8 ist vorzugsweise als Durchlaufofen, beispielsweise als Rollenherdofen oder Hubbalkenofen ausgebildet. Er hat eine Länge im Bereich von etwa 10 bis 20 m und ist mit mindestens einer induktiven Heizeinrichtung und/oder mindestens einem Infrarotstrahler ausgestattet.The
Die Länge des Durchlaufofens 8 hängt von der Beschaffenheit des zur Herstellung der Formbauteile 2' eingesetzten Stahlblechs 3 ab. Bei Verwendung von unbehandeltem Mangan-Bor-Stahlblech werden die daraus ausgeschnitten Platinen 2 im Ofen 8 zunächst so erhitzt, dass der in den Austenitisierungszustand zu überführende Bereich 2.2 der jeweiligen Platine 2 über einen Zeitraum von etwa 300 Sekunden Legierungstemperatur aufweist und somit in diesem Bereich 2.2 eine Durchlegierung der Platinenoberfläche erfolgt. Die Legierungstemperatur liegt bei unbehandeltem Mangan-Bor-Stahlblech üblicherweise in einem Temperaturbereich um 600°C (vgl.
Um eine zuverlässige Austenitisierung des in den Austenitisierungszustand zu überführenden Platinenbereichs 2.2 sowie dessen zuverlässige Presshärtung durch rasche Abkühlung unterhalb der kritischen Abkühlkurve sicherzustellen, werden die Platinen 2 in dem Ofen 8 auf eine Temperatur deutlich oberhalb des Umwandlungspunkt A C3 erhitzt. Beispielsweise liegt die Temperatur des für die nachfolgende Presshärtung in den Austenitisierungszustand überführten Platinenbereichs 2.2 bei deren Entnahme aus dem Ofen 8 bei ca. 950°C (vgl.
Vorzugsweise wird bei dem erfindungsgemäße Warmumformverfahren durch Glühen vordiffundiertes Mangan-Bor-Stahlblech AlSi-22MnB5 als Coilmaterial (Ausgangsmaterial) 4 verwendet. Dieses vordiffundierte Material verursacht zwar höhere Vormaterialkosten, bietet jedoch die Möglichkeit, den Durchlaufofen 8 sehr kurz auszuführen, da in diesem Fall die relativ viel Zeit erfordernde Durchlegierung der Oberfläche des in den Austenitisierungszustand zu überführenden Platinenbereichs 2.2 nicht mehr durchgeführt werden braucht.
Die so erhitzte Platine 8 wird dann mittels eines Roboters oder einer anderen schnellen Transfereinrichtung aus dem Ofen 8 entnommen und zum Warmumformen und gleichzeitigen Presshärten in den ersten Teil 10.1 einer zweistufig ausgeführten Pressanlage 10 eingelegt. Die erste Stufe oder Station 10.1 der Pressanlage 10 besteht aus einer mechanischen oder hydraulischen Presse. Vorzugsweise kommt dabei eine hydraulische Presse mit einer Presskraft von beispielsweise etwa 1.000 t bzw. ca. 10 MN zum Einsatz. Die den ersten Teil der Pressanlage 10 bildende Presse 10.1 ist mit einem gekühlten Umformwerkzeug ausgerüstet. Der größte Teil der Warmumformungsarbeit erfolgt in der ersten Presse, 10.1 wobei das entstehende Formbauteil in einer Zeit von nur ca. 5 bis 6 Sekunden von ca. 900°C in einen Temperaturbereich von ca. 700° bis 500°C, bevorzugt 600°C heruntergekühlt wird. Die Abkühlrate in der ersten Stufe 10.1 liegt somit etwa im Bereich von 80 bis 33,3 K/s und damit in jedem Fall deutlich oberhalb einer kritischen Abkühlrate von 27 K/s.The thus
In dem nachfolgenden Teil bzw. der zweiten Stufe 10.2 der Pressanlage 10 wird das Formbauteil weiter heruntergekühlt, in geringem Umfang weiter umgeformt und kalibriert. Auch die zweite Stufe (Station) 10.2 der Pressanlage besteht aus einer mechanischen oder hydraulischen Presse. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der zweiten Stufe 10.2 um eine hydraulische Presse mit einer Presskraft von beispielsweise etwa 800 t bzw. ca. 8 MN. Zusätzlich zum Warmumformen und Kühlen des Bauteils wird dieses in der zweiten Stufe 10.2 der Pressanlage gegebenenfalls beschnitten bzw. gelocht.In the subsequent part or the second stage 10.2 of the
Die Schließzeit der Pressen 10.1 und 10.2 ist variabel einstellbar.The closing time of the presses 10.1 and 10.2 is variably adjustable.
Wichtig ist eine schnelle Transfereinrichtung zwischen den beiden Stationen 10.1 und 10.2 der Pressanlage 10, um die Unterbrechung des eine rasche Abkühlung erfordernden Presshärtevorgangs durch den Transfer vom Werkzeug der ersten Presse 10.1 in das Werkzeug der zweiten Presse 10.2 so kurz wie möglich zu gestalten. Vorzugsweise kommt zwischen den beiden Stationen 10.1, 10.2 ein Roboter oder eine andere schnelle Transfereinrichtung zum Einsatz, der bzw. die das Bauteil vom Werkzeug der ersten Presse 10.1 in das Werkzeug der zweiten Presse 10.2 innerhalb von maximal 4 Sekunden, vorzugsweise innerhalb von maximal 3 Sekunden umlegt.Important is a fast transfer device between the two stations 10.1 and 10.2 of the
In der zweiten Stufe 10.2 der Pressanlage wird das Bauteil 2' dann in einer Zeit von ca. 5 bis 6 Sekunden von einer Temperatur im Bereich von etwa 580° bis 500°C auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von ca. 300° bis 200°C, bevorzugt 200°C heruntergekühlt und dabei in Teilbereichen gegebenenfalls beschnitten. Die Abkühlrate in der zweiten Stufe 10.2 liegt etwa im Bereich von 76 bis 33,3 K/s und damit wiederum deutlich oberhalb der kritischen Abkühlrate von 27 K/s.In the second stage 10.2 of the pressing plant, the component 2 'is then heated in a time of about 5 to 6 seconds from a temperature in the range of about 580 ° to 500 ° C to a temperature in the range of about 300 ° to 200 ° C. , Preferably 200 ° C cooled down and thereby optionally trimmed in some areas. The cooling rate in the second stage 10.2 is approximately in the range of 76 to 33.3 K / s and thus again significantly above the critical cooling rate of 27 K / s.
Die Werkzeuge der beiden Pressanlagenstufen 10.1, 10.2 sind in dem Bereich, der den Bauteilbereich 2.2 kontaktiert, in welchem eine hohe Festigkeit erzielt werden soll, aus hoch wärmeleitendem Werkstoff aufgebaut. Dagegen ist der Werkzeugbereich, der den Bauteilbereich 2.1 kontaktiert, in welchem nachfolgend ein Beschnitt des Bauteils 2' erfolgen soll, aus einem Werkstoff mit relativ geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit gebildet, so dass der noch zu beschneidende Bauteilbereich 2.1 langsamer abgekühlt und damit geringere Festigkeitswerte erreicht.The tools of the two pressing system stages 10.1, 10.2 are constructed in the region which contacts the component region 2.2, in which a high strength is to be achieved, made of highly heat-conductive material. By contrast, the tool region which contacts the component region 2.1, in which a trimming of the component 2 'is to take place, is formed from a material with relatively low thermal conductivity, so that the component region 2.1 still to be trimmed cooled more slowly and thus achieves lower strength values.
Anstelle von zwei einzelnen hydraulischen Pressen 10.1, 10.2 zur Warmumformung der erhitzen Platinen 2 kann in der erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformanlage auch eine Doppelstößelpresse zum Einsatz kommen.Instead of two individual hydraulic presses 10.1, 10.2 for hot-forming the
Wie das in
Die Prozessführung in den Warmumformwerkzeugen der beiden Pressanlagestufen 10.1, 10.2 ist somit optimal aufgeteilt und mit der Zeitdauer für den Transfer des Bauteils 2' vom ersten Warmumformwerkzeug der ersten Presse 10.1 zum Warmumformwerkzeug der zweiten Presse 10.2 abgestimmt.The process control in the hot forming tools of the two Pressanlagestufen 10.1, 10.2 is thus optimally divided and matched with the time duration for the transfer of the component 2 'from the first hot forming tool of the first press 10.1 for hot forming tool of the second press 10.2.
Insbesondere das Warmumformwerkzeug der ersten Presse 10.1, aber auch das Warmumform- bzw. Kühlwerkzeug der zweiten Presse 10.2 kann mit hydraulischen oder mechanischen Stellelementen (nicht gezeigt) versehen sein, die eine Veränderung der Distanz zwischen den relativ zueinander beweglichen Werkzeughälften gestatten. Hierdurch ist eine Anpassung an unterschiedlich dicke Stahlbleche bzw. Platinen 2 möglich. Die hydraulischen oder mechanischen Stellelemente werden dabei vorzugsweise in Abhängigkeit des Blecheinlaufs automatisch geregelt. Die Messung des Blecheinlaufs bzw. der Blechdicke erfolgt dabei mittels geeigneter Sensoren bzw. Messsysteme.In particular, the hot forming tool of the first press 10.1, but also the hot forming or cooling tool of the second press 10.2 may be provided with hydraulic or mechanical control elements (not shown), which allow a change in the distance between the relatively movable tool halves. As a result, an adaptation to different thickness steel sheets or
Auf die zweistufige Pressanlage 10 folgt in Transportrichtung des warmumgeformten, pressgehärteten Bauteils 2' mindestens eine Vorrichtung 11.1 und/oder 11.2 zum Beschneiden und/oder Lochen des Bauteils 2'. Mittels der ein- oder mehrstufigen Beschneidevorrichtung 11.1, 11.2 wird ein Hartbeschnitt der nicht in den Martensitzustand überführten Bereiche, insbesondere der Ränder der pressgehärteten Formbauteile 2' durchgeführt. Die Beschneidevorrichtung 11.1, 11.2ist hierzu mit geeigneten Beschnitt-und/oder Lochwerkzeugen ausgestattet.In the transport direction of the hot-formed, press-hardened component 2 ', at least one device 11.1 and / or 11.2 for trimming and / or punching the component 2' follows the two-stage
In dem in
Das Umlegen der Bauteile von der Pressanlage 10 in die Beschneidevorrichtung(en) 11.1, 11.2 erfolgt wiederum mittels eines oder mehrerer Roboter (nicht gezeigt) oder anderer geeigneter, ausreichend schneller Transfereinrichtungen. Während des Beschnitts in der Beschneidevorrichtung 11.1, 11.2 kann eine weitere Kühlung des Bauteils 2' stattfinden, wobei es sich insbesondere um eine natürliche oder erzwungene Luftkühlung handeln kann.The transferring of the components from the
Die Hubzahl der erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformanlage liegt im Bereich von 5 bis 12 Hub/min, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 7 bis 12 Hub/min.The number of strokes of the hot forming plant according to the invention is in the range of 5 to 12 strokes / min, preferably in the range of 7 to 12 strokes / min.
Das in
Am Ende der erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformanlage wird das fertige Bauteil 2' aus der Beschneidevorrichtung bzw. Kniehebelpresse 11.1 oder gegebenenfalls 11.2 entnommen und in einen Lager- bzw. Transportbehälter abgelegt.At the end of the hot-forming installation according to the invention, the finished component 2 'is removed from the trimming device or toggle press 11.1 or optionally 11.2 and placed in a storage or transport container.
Claims (17)
- A hot forming system for producing press-hardened formed components of sheet steel, comprising a furnace (8) by means of which sheet steel which is to be hot formed can be at least partially heated to austenitization temperature, and a press system (10) for hot forming and press-hardening the sheet steel heated in the furnace, characterized in that a heating device (7) having heating plates (7.1, 7.2) is arranged upstream of the furnace (8) by means of which the sheet steel (2) can at least be partially heated to a temperature below the austenitization temperature, preferably to a temperature in the range from 500 to 700°C, and in that the press system (10) is embodied for performing an at least two-stage hot forming and cooling process, wherein a first part (10.1) of the press system comprises at least a first tool for hot forming and for cooling the sheet steel (2) heated in the furnace (8) to a first temperature range from 700 to 500°C, and a subsequent part (10.2) of the press system (10) comprises at least a second tool for further cooling the hot formed sheet steel (2, 2') to a second temperature range from 300 to 200°C, and wherein the second tool further forms, cuts and/or punches the hot formed sheet steel during the second cooling process.
- The hot forming system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device (7) comprises a press, by means of which the heating plates (7.1, 7.2) can be hydraulically or mechanically pressed against a sheet steel (2) which is arranged therebetween and which is to be heated.
- The hot forming system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating device (7) is embodied such that the sheet steel (2), which is to be hot formed, can be partially heated therein or can be heated to different degrees in partial areas (2.1, 2.2).
- The hot forming system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one mechanically or hydraulically driven cutting device (11.1, 11.2) for cutting and/or punching the hot formed, press-hardened sheet steel (2') is arranged downstream from the press system (10) in transport direction of the sheet steel, wherein the cutting device (11.1, 11.2) is preferably in the form of a toggle press which is provided with at least one cutting and/or punching tool.
- The hot forming system according to claim 4, characterized in that a cooling device (12) is arranged between the press system (10) and the cutting device (11.1), by means of which the hot formed, cooled sheet steel (2') is further cooled down by means of a liquid, in particular by means of water, oil or an emulsion, wherein the cooling device (12) comprises preferably an immersion bath container.
- The hot forming system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the furnace (8) consists of a roller hearth furnace.
- The hot forming system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the furnace (8) is provided with at least one inductive heating device and/or with at least one infrared radiator.
- The hot forming system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a punching press (1) for cutting blanks (2) from a sheet steel strip (3) is arranged upstream of the heating device (7).
- The hot forming system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that provision is made in each case for an automatically controlled transfer device, for example a robot (6, 9), for transferring the respective sheet steel (2) from the heating device (7) to the furnace (8) and/or from the furnace (8) to the press system (10) and/or from the press system (10) to a cutting device (11.1) arranged downstream, wherein the transfer device (6, 9) is preferably provided with a heating device for heating the sheet steel (2) which is to be transferred.
- The hot forming system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the press system (10) is provided with hydraulic or mechanical adjusting devices which allow for a change of the closing distance between the tool halves which can be moved relative to one another, wherein preferably the hydraulic or mechanical adjusting devices are automatically controlled as a function of the sheet intake and/or of the sheet thickness, and wherein preferably sensors are provided for detecting the sheet intake and/or the sheet thickness.
- A method for producing press-hardened formed components of sheet steel, wherein sheet steel (2, 3) is at least partially heated in a furnace (8) to austenitization temperature, is subsequently hot formed by means of a press system (10) and is cooled down by means of a cooling device, characterized in that, prior to the heating in the furnace (8), the sheet steel (2) is at least partially heated to a temperature below the austenitization temperature, preferably to a temperature in the range from 500 to 700°C by means of a heating device (7) having heating plates (7.1, 7.2) by arranging the sheet steel (2) between the heating plates (7.1, 7.2) and attaching it thereto or by clamping the sheet steel between the heating plates (7.1, 7.2), and that the cooling down of the hot formed sheet steel is carried out in an at least two-stage hot forming and cooling process, wherein the sheet steel heated in the furnace (8) is hot formed and cooled down to a first temperature range from 700 to 500°C in a first part (10.1) of the press system and is afterwards further cooled down to a second temperature range from 300 to 200°C in a subsequent part (10.2) of the press system (10), wherein the hot formed sheet steel is additionally further formed, cut and/or punched in the subsequent part of the press system during the second cooling process.
- The method according to claim 11,
characterized in that the sheet steel (2) is partially heated in the heating device (7) or to a different degree in partial areas (2.1, 2.2). - The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the sheet steel is supplied to the heating device (7) as cut blank (2) and in that the blank (2) is not heated directly and/or tempered at least in a partial area (2.1), in which a cutting and/or a punching is carried out subsequently, such that this at least one partial area (2.1) is not transferred into the austenitization state in response to the subsequent heating in the furnace (8).
- The method according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that partial areas (2.1, 2.2) of the sheet steel are cooled down at different rates in the first part (10.1) of the press system (10) and/or in the subsequent part (10.2) of the press system (10), wherein at least in a partial area (2.1) in which a cutting and/or a punching is carried out subsequently, cooling down is carried out at a lower cooling rate than in a partial area (2.2) in which neither a cutting nor a punching is carried out subsequently, wherein preferably the partial area (2.1) in which a cutting and/or a punching is carried out subsequently, is cooled down at a cooling rate of below 27 K/s.
- The method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the sheet steel in the first part (10.1) of the press system (10) is formed to a greater extent than in the subsequent part (10.2) of the press system, wherein preferably the hot formed sheet steel is calibrated in the subsequent part (10.2) of the press system (10).
- The method according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the sheet steel is cut and/or punched after the hot forming by means of at least one cutting device (11.1, 11.2), wherein preferably the hot formed sheet steel is cooled to room temperature in a water, oil or emulsion bath (12) after the hot forming and prior to the cutting or punching.
- The method according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the sheet steel is transported from the heating device (7) to the furnace (8) and/or from the furnace (8) to the press system (10) and/or from the press system (10) to a to a cutting device (11.1), which is arranged downstream, as a cut blank (2), in each case by means of an automatic transfer device, preferably a robot (6, 9).
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DE102009014670A DE102009014670B4 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Method and hot forming plant for the production of press-hardened shaped components from sheet steel |
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DD224336A1 (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1985-07-03 | Takraf Schwermasch | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HEATING SHEET |
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2009
- 2009-03-27 DE DE102009014670A patent/DE102009014670B4/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
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2010
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102009014670A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
EP2233593A2 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
DE102009014670B4 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
EP2233593A3 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
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