EP2896466A1 - Method and device for producing a metal component - Google Patents
Method and device for producing a metal component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2896466A1 EP2896466A1 EP15154100.0A EP15154100A EP2896466A1 EP 2896466 A1 EP2896466 A1 EP 2896466A1 EP 15154100 A EP15154100 A EP 15154100A EP 2896466 A1 EP2896466 A1 EP 2896466A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel part
- tool
- metal component
- different
- batch furnace
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/01—Selection of materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/88—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
- C21D2221/02—Edge parts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
- C21D2221/10—Differential treatment of inner with respect to outer regions, e.g. core and periphery, respectively
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a metal component according to the preamble of claim and its use and a batch furnace with the features of the preamble of claim 11.
- a board is heated differently in a continuous furnace, so that arise due to the different material temperatures after forming various strengths in the metal component.
- the board is tempered differently in the passage in two furnace chambers, so that set different structural areas in the curing process.
- This method has the disadvantage that only two to three different zones with respect to the strength and elongation at break in the metal component can be achieved. These can also be formed only in the direction of passage of the board beyond.
- the passage direction of a steel part or a circuit board usually corresponds to the greatest longitudinal extent of the steel part or the circuit board.
- the DE 10 2006 019 395 A1 discloses the DE 10 2006 019 395 A1 an apparatus and method for forming blanks of higher and highest strength steels.
- the method is characterized in that the forming tool for hot forming comprises means for tempering, with which a steel part in different temperature zones can be tempered during the forming to different, predetermined temperature values.
- the forming tool for hot forming comprises means for tempering, with which a steel part in different temperature zones can be tempered during the forming to different, predetermined temperature values.
- the present invention is therefore based on the technical object of providing a method and a device for producing a metal component, which permits a local adjustment of the microstructure in the metal component and at the same time is cost-effective and easy to carry out.
- this object is achieved in that the cooling rates different from one another are brought about by sections of the tool surface which correspond to the subregions of the steel part and which differ from one another in their heat conductivities.
- the cooling of the steel part in the forming tool is strongly influenced by the thermal conductivity of the forming die surface. Under the thermal conductivity is understood in particular the heat transfer coefficient.
- the presence of different microstructures is effected in the steel part or in the metal component produced. If the cooling rate in a partial region of the metal component is more than 27 K / s, a predominantly martensitic microstructure results there with a high strength and a low elongation at break. At a lower cooling rate, a ferritic-bainitic structure with an average strength and a mean elongation at break, a ferritic-pearlitic structure with a low strength and a high elongation at break, or a mixture thereof. Ferritic-bainitic and ferritic-pearlitic structures have a tensile strength below 860 MPa.
- the tool in the region of the at least two sections of the tool surface consists of different materials with different thermal conductivities.
- the thermal conductivity of the tool surface can be influenced in a simple way. In particular, adjacent sections with greatly different thermal conductivities can be produced in this way.
- the number of sections is generally not limited to two, but can be any size.
- at least three sections are provided, so that set in the metal component three sub-areas with different types of structures or strengths, at least a portion of a predominantly martensitic microstructure and have at least two further subregions predominantly ferritic-bainitic and / or ferritic-pearlitic structure.
- a particularly favorable thermal conductivity and at the same time sufficient stability for use in a tool is achieved in a further exemplary embodiment in that the sections consist of steels, steel alloys and / or ceramics.
- At least one of the two sections of the tool surface has a heat conductivity reducing or increasing surface coating.
- the heat conduction of the tool surface is modified by the surface coating.
- the above object can be achieved in a method for producing a metal component, in particular a motor vehicle component, in which a steel part is heated, wherein the heated steel part is at least partially cured by cooling in a tool, wherein the steel part after hardening at least two partial areas with having different microstructure, be achieved in that the steel part is tempered before curing in a batch oven having at least two areas, wherein the areas have different temperatures from each other.
- a batch furnace is understood to mean a furnace in which the steel part to be heated is essentially not moved during the heating process.
- the batch furnace thus stands in contrast to the continuous furnace, in which the steel part is moved continuously through the furnace during heating.
- a method according to the first embodiment is additionally performed.
- the effect on the microstructure of the metal component can be enhanced so that, for example, very different microstructures in adjacent subregions of the metal component can be produced.
- the arrangement of the regions of the batch furnace preferably corresponds to the arrangement of the sections of the tool surface. However, deviating arrangements are also conceivable.
- a more efficient heating or tempering of the steel part is achieved in a preferred embodiment of the invention in that the steel part is heated before tempering in the batch furnace in a second furnace, in particular in a continuous furnace.
- a homogeneous heating preferably to a temperature in the range or above the Austenitmaschinestemperatur or the Ac 3 temperature can be performed.
- the partial areas of the steel part can then be heated or cooled to the target temperatures for the subsequent hardening process.
- the cooling is preferably carried out in such a way that premature hardening of the steel component does not yet occur.
- the second furnace may in particular be designed as a continuous furnace. In this way, a fast and continuous provision of the metal components for the batch furnace is made possible.
- the steel part is hardened in a pressing tool.
- the hardening of the steel part is preferably carried out immediately after the temperature control in the batch furnace in order to avoid an equalization of the different tempered portions by the heat conduction of the steel part.
- a continuous course of the material properties in the metal component is achieved in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention in that the batch furnace has at least one region with a temperature gradient.
- the steel part is cooled in at least a portion of the batch furnace by controllable gas nozzles, in particular with nitrogen.
- the areas are realized in the simplest way with mutually different temperatures in the batch furnace.
- the number of heating elements can be reduced.
- a flexible adjustment of the temperatures in the batch furnace is possible by the controllability of the gas nozzles. So can be set by the controls different areas for various metal components.
- the controllable gas nozzles can be used as an alternative to controllable heating elements or in combinations with these. Nitrogen is the preferred cooling gas because it is cheap and inert.
- the steel part is directly or indirectly hot-worked and / or press-hardened.
- the steel part is formed in at least two steps, preferably first by cold working and then by hot working.
- direct hot forming however, the forming takes place in a single hot-forming step. Indirect hot forming can be advantageous, especially at high draw depths.
- a particularly flexible design of the metal component is achieved in a further embodiment in that at least one boundary between the subregions extends transversely or obliquely to the greatest longitudinal extent of the steel part and / or non-linearly.
- the method thus allows a substantially arbitrary adjustment of the subregion boundaries to each other.
- the boundaries between the subregions are furthermore preferably arranged outside joining regions of the steel part, in order to avoid impairment of joining connections, in particular welding seams, by the transition region in the region of a boundary.
- a semifinished product in particular a tailored blank, a tailored-welded blank, a patchwork blank or a tailored-rolled blank, or a cut-to-size blank is used as the steel part.
- the method thus allows maximum flexibility in the production of a metal component with location-dependent material properties.
- a tailored blank is understood to mean a sheet metal blank, which is composed of different material grades and / or sheet thicknesses. In a Tailored-Welded-Blank different sheet metal blanks are welded together.
- a tailored-rolled blank has different sheet thicknesses produced by a flexible rolling process.
- a patchwork blank consists of a board, on which patch-like more sheets are joined.
- Very good material properties of the metal component are achieved in a preferred embodiment in that a steel part of manganese-boron steel, in particular MBW 1500, MBW 1700 or MBW 1900, preferably in combination with a microalloyed steel, for example MHZ 340, and / or of a microalloyed steel , for example MHZ 340, is used.
- the steel part has an organic coating, in particular a lacquer coating, e.g. a Verzurtungsschutz, preferably a solvent or water-based, one-, two- or multi-component Verzu matterstik on.
- the steel part may have an inorganic coating, preferably an aluminum or aluminum-silicon-based coating, in particular a fire-aluminized coating (fal), and / or a zinc-based coating.
- a functionalization of the surface of the metal component is possible, so that the material properties can be adapted even more flexible.
- the technical problem is solved according to a second teaching of the present invention by using a Metal component, prepared according to one of the methods described above, in a motor vehicle, in particular as A-, B- or C-pillar, side wall, roof frame or side members solved. Due to the flexible and locally adjustable material properties of the metal components they can be optimally adapted to the loads in a motor vehicle, in particular to improve the crash behavior.
- the difference in thermal conductivity can be achieved in a preferred embodiment of the tool in that the sections consist of different materials, in particular steels, steel alloys and / or ceramics, with different thermal conductivities.
- the tool surface coming into contact with the steel part is at least partially arranged on various exchangeable segments and / or tool inserts of the tool. In this way it is possible to flexibly rearrange or rearrange the exchangeable segments or tool inserts in the tool, so that with a tool metal components with different structural arrangements and consequently with different properties can be produced.
- a simple realization of the different thermal conductivities is achieved in a further embodiment of the tool in that at least one of the sections has a heat conductivity reducing or increasing surface coating.
- very local changes in the thermal conductivity can be achieved in this way.
- the surface coating can be removed and reapplied as needed.
- the technical problem is further solved in a batch furnace for heating a steel part for a hot forming process and / or press hardening process, in particular for carrying out one of the previously described processes, according to the invention, in that the batch furnace has at least two regions in which different temperatures can be set.
- a steel part can be tempered to different temperatures, so that different types of microstructures are achieved in the metal component produced in a subsequent hardening process.
- At least one region of the batch furnace has controllable gas nozzles for cooling.
- Fig. 1 shows a tool for producing a metal component of the prior art in longitudinal section.
- the tool 2 is designed as a hot forming tool and has a lower punch 4, an upper punch 6 and two Flanschgir 8 and 10.
- the mutually facing surfaces 12 and 14 of the lower and upper punch 4, 6 have a profile which corresponds to the outer contour of the metal component to be produced from a steel part 16.
- Temperianss institute 18 are further provided, with which the temperature in the region of the surface 14 of the upper punch 6 can be adjusted.
- Comparable Temper réellesetti can also be provided in the lower punch 4. The distances between the adjacent tempering elements 18 differ from each other, so that the surface 14 has a location-dependent temperature profile.
- the steel part 16 designed as a board is arranged between the spread apart punch 4 and 6 and the punch 6 is lowered onto the punch 4. In this way, the board is hot-formed at the same time and experiences a cooling with location-dependent cooling rates. This leads to a corresponding location-dependent structural change in the steel part.
- the flange portions 20 of the Steel part 16 can be trimmed by lowering the flange blades 8 and 10. Due to the uneven arrangement of the Temper réelles institute 18, the tool 2 has a complicated structure, which in particular requires the use of a large number of tempering.
- Fig. 2 now shows a first embodiment of a tool or method in longitudinal section.
- the tool 30 differs from that in FIG Fig. 1 illustrated tool 2 in that the lower punch 4 has different sections 32, 34, 36, 38, which consist of different materials with different bathleitrangeen.
- the materials used are preferably steels, steel alloys and / or ceramics.
- the upper punch 6 may consist of several sections made of different materials. The sections can also consist only in the area of the surfaces 12 and 14 of different materials. Due to the different thermal conductivity of the individual sections 32, 34, 36, 38, hot cooling or hardening of a steel part 16 leads to different cooling rates and thus to the formation of different microstructures within the steel part 16.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show two further embodiments of a tool or method in longitudinal section.
- an alternative lower punch for a tool for example, the in Fig. 2 shown tool shown.
- the lower punch 50 in Fig. 3a consists of a plurality of separate segments 52a to 52p, which can consist of different materials with different thermal conductivities.
- the entire surface 54 of the punch 50 thus has a location-dependent thermal conductivity, so that different cooling rates in the steel part can be effected with a tool containing this punch 50 in a hot forming or hardening process.
- Some or all of the segments 52a to 52p may be essentially arbitrarily exchanged or swapped. So are in the in Fig.
- 3b illustrated lower punch 56 of an embodiment of a tool according to the invention, the segments 52f and 52j replaced by other segments 52q and 52r of a different material. Furthermore, the segments 52d and 52e and the segments 52g and 52h are reversed in position. Depending on the number of segments and the materials available, the sections of the surface 54 of the lower dies 50, 56, which differ in their thermal conductivities, can thus be adapted flexibly in a simple manner. Alternatively, of course, the upper punch or both stamps may consist of separate segments.
- Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a tool according to the invention or a method according to the invention in longitudinal section.
- the surface 14 of the lower punch 4 has sections 66, 68, 70 and 72, of which the sections 66, 70 and 72 are coated with surface coatings 74, 76 and 78.
- the surface coatings 74, 76 and 78 reduce or increase the thermal conductivity of the surface 14 in the respective section.
- the thermal conductivity corresponds to that of the stamp material.
- the surface coatings may be, for example to paints, in particular temperature-resistant paints, preferably high-temperature-resistant paints act.
- the different coatings cause different cooling rates in the steel part 16, so that the microstructure is changed depending on the location.
- the surface coatings are preferably removable again and can be adapted flexibly and as needed.
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a batch furnace according to the invention in a plan view or an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
- the batch furnace 90 has three areas 92, 94 and 96, which differ in their temperatures. For example, a temperature above the austenitizing temperature may be present in the region 96, while the temperature in the region 94 may be below the austenitizing temperature.
- the region 92 has a temperature gradient symbolized by an arrow 98, ie, the temperature increases from the left side 100 to the right side 102 of the region 92. Due to the location-dependent temperatures in the batch furnace 90, a steel part 104 arranged in the batch furnace 90 and designed as a blank is locally heated or cooled to different temperatures.
- the board is transported in the direction of the arrow 106 from the batch furnace to a hardening tool, in particular to a pressing tool.
- the board undergoes different structural transitions during forming or curing due to the local different temperatures, so that there is a metal component with location-dependent microstructure and thus location-dependent properties.
- Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a batch furnace according to the invention or a method according to the invention in longitudinal section.
- the batch furnace 114 has heating elements 116 and 118 with which the board 120 arranged in the batch furnace 114 is heated.
- the circuit board 120 rests on rollers 122 with which it can be conveyed in and out in the direction of the arrows 123 in the batch oven 114.
- gas nozzles 124 are provided, which are supplied by a line 126 with gas, in particular nitrogen.
- the gas nozzles 124 further comprise controls 128, with which the gas flow flowing through the gas nozzles 124 can be adjusted.
- the gas nozzles 124 can preferably be controlled individually or in groups, so that the temperature profile of the regions and / or the arrangement of the regions with different temperatures can be selected flexibly.
- Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention as a flowchart.
- a steel part is heated in a first step 136 in an oven to a temperature in the range of the austenitizing temperature.
- the steel part is then tempered in a batch furnace according to the invention, so that the steel part has partial regions with different temperatures.
- a third step 140 which preferably directly follows the second step 136, the steel part is hot-formed in a tool and / or press-hardened.
- the first step 136 is optional and may be omitted.
- Fig. 8 shows a metal component produced by a method according to the invention 150 in the form of a one-piece side wall of a motor vehicle.
- the metal component 150 has two partial regions 152 and 154, which have undergone different temperature profiles during the hardening of the metal component 150.
- the portion 152 was cooled at a high cooling rate from a temperature above the austenitizing temperature. He has a predominantly martensitic structure and thus a high strength.
- the portion 154 was cooled at a lower cooling rate and / or from a temperature below the austenitizing temperature. It thus has a ferrite-bainistic or ferrite-pearlitic structure and consequently a higher elongation at break.
- metal component 160 in the form of a side wall has a more complex location dependence of the microstructures and is better adapted to the load stresses in the motor vehicle. While the portion 162 has predominantly martensitic structure, the portion 164, in particular the foot of the B-pillar 166 and ferrite-pearlitic structure and thus a higher elongation at break on. This is necessary at the side skirts 168 due to the structural mechanical stresses in the lateral Poletest, at the foot of the B-pillar 166 this is required to hold the occurring during an IIHS crash high deformations can.
- the illustrated B-pillar 166 is fabricated from a tailored blank of two blunt-cut blanks of manganese-boron and a microalloyed steel. Compared to the in Fig. 8 shown side wall is the in Fig. 9 shown sidewall due to the complex sub-area arrangement and the corresponding more complex location-dependent material properties overall better adapted to the stresses in the vehicle.
- Such metal components can be produced inexpensively and simply using the method according to the invention or the tool or batch furnace according to the invention.
- a third metal component 170 produced by a method according to the invention is shown.
- the metal member 170 has a nonlinear boundary 173 which separates a first region 172 of high strength from a second region 171 of low strength and high ductility.
- Non-linear boundaries between two areas within the meaning of the present invention may be borderlines that are only partially rectilinear or at least partially curved, that is, application-specific.
- the metal component 170 illustrates that the regions with different material properties, for example different strengths, and / or the transitions between the regions can be set individually using the method according to the invention.
- the inventive method allows an ideal, needs-based adaptation of the different microstructures in the metal components to be produced, in particular for motor vehicle construction.
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallbauteils,bei dem ein Stahlteil (16, 104) erwärmt wird, bei dem das erwärmte Stahlteil (16, 104) durch eine Abkühlung in einem Werkzeug (2, 30, 64) mindestens teilweise gehärtet wird, wobei das Stahlteil (16, 104) nach dem Härten mindestens zwei Teilbereiche (152, 154, 162, 164) mit unterschiedlicher Gefügestruktur aufweist, wobei das Stahlteil (16, 104) vor dem Härten in einem mindestens zwei Bereiche (92, 94, 96) aufweisenden Chargenofen (90, 114) temperiert wird und wobei die Bereiche (92, 94, 96) voneinander verschiedene Temperaturen aufweisen, eine Verwendung des hergestellten Metallbauteils sowie einen Chargenofen mit mindestens zwei Bereiche (92, 94, 96) aufweist, in denen voneinander verschiedene Temperaturen eingestellt werden können. Die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallbauteils zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches eine lokale Einstellung des Gefüges im Metallbauteil erlaubt und gleichzeitig kostengünstig und einfach durchzuführen ist, wird dadurch gelöst, dass das Stahlteil (16, 104) in mindestens einem Teilbereich (152, 154, 162, 164) des Chargenofens durch ansteuerbare Gasdüsen (124), insbesondere mit Stickstoff, gekühlt wird.The invention relates to a method for producing a metal component, in which a steel part (16, 104) is heated, in which the heated steel part (16, 104) is at least partially hardened by cooling in a tool (2, 30, 64). the steel part (16, 104) having at least two partial regions (152, 154, 162, 164) having a different microstructure after hardening, wherein the steel part (16, 104) is hardened in at least two regions (92, 94, 96) ), wherein the regions (92, 94, 96) have different temperatures from each other, a use of the metal component produced and a batch furnace having at least two regions (92, 94, 96), in which from each other different temperatures can be set. The object to provide a method for producing a metal component, which allows a local adjustment of the structure in the metal component and at the same time is inexpensive and easy to carry out, is achieved in that the steel part (16, 104) in at least one partial area (152, 154, 162, 164) of the batch furnace is cooled by controllable gas nozzles (124), in particular with nitrogen.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallbauteils gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches sowie dessen Verwendung und einen Chargenofen mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruches 11.The invention relates to a method for producing a metal component according to the preamble of claim and its use and a batch furnace with the features of the preamble of claim 11.
Warmumgeformte Metallbauteile finden in der Automobilindustrie, insbesondere bei Crash relevanten, hohen Querbeanspruchungen ausgesetzten Bereichen der Karosserie weit verbreitete Anwendung. So werden B-Säulen bzw. B-Säulenverstärkungen häufig aus hochfestem, warmumgeformtem Mangan-Borstahl gefertigt. Durch die Verarbeitung solcher Werkstoffe in einem Warmumformprozess können hohe Streck- und Zugfestigkeiten im Bauteil erreicht werden, so dass die notwenige Blechdicke gegenüber konventionell hergestellten Stahlbauteilen deutlich reduziert werden und somit ein Beitrag zum Leichtbau und damit zur CO2-Reduktion erzielt werden kann. Der Nachteil vollständig warmumgeformter Metallbauteile liegt darin, dass die Bruchdehnung eines warmumgeformten Metallbauteils relativ gering ist. Daher können warmumgeformte Metallbauteile zwar gut in querbeanspruchten Bereichen eingesetzt werden, da hier die hohen Festigkeiten, insbesondere die Streckgrenze, ein Knicken des Metallbauteils vermeidet. Bei längsbeanspruchten Metallbauteilen, wie beispielsweise Längsträgern, können warmumgeformte Metallbauteile jedoch nicht eingesetzt werden, da die geringe Bruchdehnung kein regelmäßiges Falten der Metallbauteile erlauben würde und ein Werkstoffversagen bei einer relativ niedrigen Energieaufnahme die Folge wäre.Hot-formed metal components are widely used in the automotive industry, especially in crash-relevant areas of the body exposed to high transverse loads. For example, B-pillars and B-pillar reinforcements are often made from high-strength, hot-formed manganese-boron steel. By processing such materials in a hot forming process high yield and tensile strengths in the component can be achieved, so that the required sheet thickness compared to conventionally produced steel components are significantly reduced and thus a contribution to lightweight construction and thus to CO2 reduction can be achieved. The disadvantage of completely hot-formed metal components is that the elongation at break of a hot-formed metal component is relatively low. Therefore, hot-formed metal components can indeed be used well in cross-stressed areas, since the high strength, in particular the yield strength, avoids kinking of the metal component. For longitudinally stressed metal components, such as side rails, however, hot-formed metal components can not be used, since the low elongation at break does not cause regular folding of the Metal components would allow and a material failure at a relatively low energy consumption would result.
In der
Mit dem Ziel, warmumgeformte Metallbauteile auch in längsbeanspruchten Bereichen einzusetzen, offenbart die
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die technische Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Metallbauteils zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches eine lokale Einstellung des Gefüges im Metallbauteil erlaubt und gleichzeitig kostengünstig und einfach durchzuführen ist.The present invention is therefore based on the technical object of providing a method and a device for producing a metal component, which permits a local adjustment of the microstructure in the metal component and at the same time is cost-effective and easy to carry out.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass die voneinander verschiedenen Kühlraten durch zu den Teilbereichen des Stahlteils korrespondierende Sektionen der Werkzeugoberfläche bewirkt werden, welche sich in ihrer Wärmeleitfähigkeiten voneinander unterscheiden.In a generic method, this object is achieved in that the cooling rates different from one another are brought about by sections of the tool surface which correspond to the subregions of the steel part and which differ from one another in their heat conductivities.
Es wurde erkannt, dass die Abkühlung des Stahlteils in dem Umformwerkzeug stark durch die Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Umformwerkzeugoberfläche beeinflusst wird. Unter der Wärmeleitfähigkeit wird dabei insbesondere der Wärmeleitkoeffizient verstanden.It was recognized that the cooling of the steel part in the forming tool is strongly influenced by the thermal conductivity of the forming die surface. Under the thermal conductivity is understood in particular the heat transfer coefficient.
Bei einer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit der angrenzenden Oberfläche erfolgt eine schnelle Abkühlung des Stahlteils, während bei einer niedrigen Leitfähigkeit das Stahlteil langsamer abgekühlt wird. Aufgrund der Einstellung der Abkühlrate durch die Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Werkzeugoberfläche lässt sich die Zahl der Temperierungselemente, d.h. der Heiz- oder Kühlelemente reduzieren, so dass sich eine Kostenersparnis ergibt. Weiterhin kann auf eine ungleichmäßige Anordnung bzw. eine notwendige Ansteuerbarkeit der Temperierungselemente verzichtet werden. Auch hieraus ergibt sich eine Kostenreduzierung.With a high thermal conductivity of the adjacent surface rapid cooling of the steel part takes place, while at low conductivity, the steel part is cooled more slowly. Due to the setting of the cooling rate by the thermal conductivity of the tool surface, the number of Temperierungselemente, ie reduce the heating or cooling elements, so that there is a cost savings. Furthermore, an uneven arrangement or a necessary controllability of Temperierungselemente be waived. This also results in a cost reduction.
Durch die verschiedenen Abkühlraten wird im Stahlteil bzw. im hergestellten Metallbauteil das Vorhandensein verschiedener Gefügearten bewirkt. Beträgt die Kühlrate in einem Teilbereich des Metallbauteils mehr als 27 K/s, ergibt sich dort ein vorwiegend martensitisches Gefüge mit einer hohen Festigkeit und geringer Bruchdehnung. Bei einer geringeren Abkühlrate entsteht ein ferritisch-bainitisches Gefüge mit einer mittleren Festigkeit und einer mittleren Bruchdehnung, ein ferritisch-perlitisches Gefüge mit einer geringen Festigkeit und einer hohen Bruchdehnung oder ein Gemisch daraus. Ferritisch-bainitische und ferritisch-perlitische Gefüge weisen eine Zugfestigkeit unterhalb von 860 MPa auf.Due to the different cooling rates, the presence of different microstructures is effected in the steel part or in the metal component produced. If the cooling rate in a partial region of the metal component is more than 27 K / s, a predominantly martensitic microstructure results there with a high strength and a low elongation at break. At a lower cooling rate, a ferritic-bainitic structure with an average strength and a mean elongation at break, a ferritic-pearlitic structure with a low strength and a high elongation at break, or a mixture thereof. Ferritic-bainitic and ferritic-pearlitic structures have a tensile strength below 860 MPa.
In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens besteht das Werkzeug im Bereich der mindestens zwei Sektionen der Werkzeugoberfläche aus verschiedenen Werkstoffen mit verschiedenen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten. Durch die Wahl verschiedener Werkstoffe kann auf einfache Weise die Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Werkzeugoberfläche beeinflusst werden. Insbesondere sind auf diese Weise benachbarte Sektionen mit stark unterschiedlichen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten herstellbar.In one embodiment of the method, the tool in the region of the at least two sections of the tool surface consists of different materials with different thermal conductivities. By choosing different materials, the thermal conductivity of the tool surface can be influenced in a simple way. In particular, adjacent sections with greatly different thermal conductivities can be produced in this way.
Die Zahl der Sektionen ist generell natürlich nicht auf zwei beschränkt, sondern kann beliebig groß sein. Bevorzugt werden mindestens drei Sektionen vorgesehen, so dass sich im Metallbauteil drei Teilbereiche mit unterschiedlichen Gefügearten bzw. Festigkeiten einstellen, wobei mindestens ein Teilbereich ein überwiegend martensitisches Gefüge und mindestens zwei weitere Teilbereiche überwiegend ferritisch-bainitisches und/oder ferritisch-perlitisches Gefüge aufweisen.Of course, the number of sections is generally not limited to two, but can be any size. Preferably, at least three sections are provided, so that set in the metal component three sub-areas with different types of structures or strengths, at least a portion of a predominantly martensitic microstructure and have at least two further subregions predominantly ferritic-bainitic and / or ferritic-pearlitic structure.
Eine besonders günstige Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei gleichzeitig ausreichender Stabilität für den Einsatz in einem Werkzeug wird in einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel dadurch erreicht, dass die Sektionen aus Stählen, Stahllegierungen und/oder Keramiken bestehen.A particularly favorable thermal conductivity and at the same time sufficient stability for use in a tool is achieved in a further exemplary embodiment in that the sections consist of steels, steel alloys and / or ceramics.
In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens weist mindestens eine der zwei Sektionen der Werkzeugoberfläche eine wärmeleitfähigkeitsreduzierende oder -erhöhende Oberflächenbeschichtung auf. Auf diese Weise wird die Wärmeleitung der Werkzeugoberfläche durch die Oberflächenbeschichtung modifiziert. Dies erlaubt sehr komplexe und lokale Änderungen der Wärmeleitfähigkeit und somit die Herstellung von Metallbauteilen mit komplexer und lokal variierender Gefügestruktur. Ein weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich dadurch, dass eine Beschichtung einer Werkzeugoberfläche leicht nachzurüsten und/oder zu verändern ist. So können mit einem Werkzeug durch Änderung der Beschichtung Metallbauteile mit verschiedenen angepassten Gefügestrukturen hergestellt werden.In a further embodiment of the method, at least one of the two sections of the tool surface has a heat conductivity reducing or increasing surface coating. In this way, the heat conduction of the tool surface is modified by the surface coating. This allows very complex and local changes in the thermal conductivity and thus the production of metal components with a complex and locally varying microstructure. Another advantage results from the fact that a coating of a tool surface is easy to retrofit and / or change. Thus, with a tool, metal components with different adapted microstructures can be produced by changing the coating.
Gemäß einer ersten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung kann die oben genannte Aufgabe bei einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallbauteils, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugbauteils, bei dem ein Stahlteil erwärmt wird, bei dem das erwärmte Stahlteil durch eine Abkühlung in einem Werkzeug mindestens teilweise gehärtet wird, wobei das Stahlteil nach dem Härten mindestens zwei Teilbereiche mit unterschiedlicher Gefügestruktur aufweist, dadurch gelöst werden, dass das Stahlteil vor dem Härten in einem mindestens zwei Bereiche aufweisenden Chargenofen temperiert wird, wobei die Bereiche voneinander verschiedene Temperaturen aufweisen.According to a first teaching of the present invention, the above object can be achieved in a method for producing a metal component, in particular a motor vehicle component, in which a steel part is heated, wherein the heated steel part is at least partially cured by cooling in a tool, wherein the steel part after hardening at least two partial areas with having different microstructure, be achieved in that the steel part is tempered before curing in a batch oven having at least two areas, wherein the areas have different temperatures from each other.
Unter einem Chargenofen wird ein Ofen verstanden, in dem das zu erwärmende Stahlteil während des Erwärmungsvorgangs im Wesentlichen nicht bewegt wird. Der Chargenofen steht damit im Gegensatz zum Durchlaufofen, bei dem das Stahlteil während des Erwärmens kontinuierlich durch den Ofen bewegt wird.A batch furnace is understood to mean a furnace in which the steel part to be heated is essentially not moved during the heating process. The batch furnace thus stands in contrast to the continuous furnace, in which the steel part is moved continuously through the furnace during heating.
Es ist erkannt worden, dass eine Beeinflussung der Gefügestruktur im herzustellenden Metallbauteil auf einfache Weise dadurch erreicht werden kann, dass das Stahlteil vor dem Härten in einem Chargenofen lokal auf verschiedene Temperaturen temperiert wird. Die sich daraus ergebenen lokal variierenden Temperaturdifferenzen zur Oberfläche des Härtwerkzeugs führen zu unterschiedlichen Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten und daher zur Ausbildung verschiedenartiger Gefügestrukturen im Stahlteil bzw. Metallbauteil. Weiterhin kann durch eine lokale Temperatur unterhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur und das nachfolgende Abkühlen im Härtwerkzeug gezielt ein ferritisch-perlitisches Gefüge erzeugt werden.It has been recognized that an influence on the microstructure in the metal component to be produced can be achieved in a simple manner by tempering the steel part locally to different temperatures before curing in a batch oven. The resulting locally varying temperature differences to the surface of the curing tool lead to different cooling rates and therefore to the formation of different microstructures in the steel part or metal component. Furthermore, by a local temperature below the Austenitisierungstemperatur and subsequent cooling in the curing tool targeted a ferritic-pearlitic structure can be generated.
Das Verfahren hat gegenüber den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren den Vorteil, dass die Temperaturen des Stahlteils vor dem Härten sehr lokal und ohne Richtungsbeschränkung eingestellt werden können. Insbesondere ist mit diesem Verfahren eine Vielzahl verschiedener Sektionen mit voneinander verschiedenen Temperaturen möglich. Weiterhin kann auf den Einsatz kostenaufwändiger Umformwerkzeuge mit ungleichmäßig angeordneten oder angesteuerten Temperierungsmitteln verzichtet werden.The method has the advantage over the known from the prior art method that the temperatures of the steel part before curing can be set very local and without directional restriction. In particular, with this method, a plurality of different sections with mutually different temperatures possible. Furthermore, the use can be more costly Forming tools with unevenly arranged or controlled tempering are dispensed with.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung des Verfahrens wird zusätzlich ein Verfahren gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform durchgeführt. Durch die Kombination der ersten Ausführungsform mit der Lehre der Erfindung, lässt sich der Effekt auf die Gefügestruktur des Metallbauteils verstärken, so dass beispielsweise stark unterschiedliche Gefügestrukturen in benachbarten Teilbereichen des Metallbauteils hergestellt werden können. Bevorzugt entspricht die Anordnung der Bereiche des Chargenofens der Anordnung der Sektionen der Werkzeugoberfläche. Es sind jedoch auch voneinander abweichende Anordnungen denkbar.In a preferred embodiment of the method, a method according to the first embodiment is additionally performed. By combining the first embodiment with the teachings of the invention, the effect on the microstructure of the metal component can be enhanced so that, for example, very different microstructures in adjacent subregions of the metal component can be produced. The arrangement of the regions of the batch furnace preferably corresponds to the arrangement of the sections of the tool surface. However, deviating arrangements are also conceivable.
Eine effizientere Erwärmung bzw. Temperierung des Stahlteils wird in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung dadurch erreicht, dass das Stahlteil vor dem Temperieren im Chargenofen in einem zweiten Ofen, insbesondere in einem Durchlaufofen, erwärmt wird. In diesem zweiten Ofen kann insbesondere eine homogene Erwärmung, vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur im Bereich oder oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur bzw. der Ac3-Temperatur durchgeführt werden. Bei der Temperierung im Chargenofen können die Teilbereiche des Stahlteils dann auf die Zieltemperaturen für den nachfolgenden Härtevorgang erwärmt bzw. gekühlt werden. Dabei erfolgt insbesondere die Kühlung vorzugsweise derart, dass es noch nicht zu einer vorzeitigen Härtung des Stahlbauteils kommt. Der zweite Ofen kann insbesondere als Durchlaufofen ausgebildet sein. Auf diese Weise wird eine schnelle und kontinuierliche Bereitstellung der Metallbauteile für den Chargenofen ermöglicht.A more efficient heating or tempering of the steel part is achieved in a preferred embodiment of the invention in that the steel part is heated before tempering in the batch furnace in a second furnace, in particular in a continuous furnace. In this second oven, in particular, a homogeneous heating, preferably to a temperature in the range or above the Austenitisierungstemperatur or the Ac 3 temperature can be performed. During the temperature control in the batch furnace, the partial areas of the steel part can then be heated or cooled to the target temperatures for the subsequent hardening process. In this case, in particular, the cooling is preferably carried out in such a way that premature hardening of the steel component does not yet occur. The second furnace may in particular be designed as a continuous furnace. In this way, a fast and continuous provision of the metal components for the batch furnace is made possible.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Stahlteil in einem Presswerkzeug gehärtet. Auf diese Weise lässt sich eine hohe Vergütung des Stahlteils erreichen. Das Härten des Stahlteils erfolgt vorzugsweise unmittelbar nach der Temperierung im Chargenofen, um ein Angleichen der verschieden temperierten Teilbereiche durch die Wärmeleitung des Stahlteils zu vermeiden.In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the steel part is hardened in a pressing tool. In this way, a high compensation of the steel part can be achieved. The hardening of the steel part is preferably carried out immediately after the temperature control in the batch furnace in order to avoid an equalization of the different tempered portions by the heat conduction of the steel part.
Ein kontinuierlicher Verlauf der Materialeigenschaften im Metallbauteil wird in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dadurch erreicht, dass der Chargenofen mindestens einen Bereich mit einem Temperaturgradienten aufweist.A continuous course of the material properties in the metal component is achieved in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention in that the batch furnace has at least one region with a temperature gradient.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird das Stahlteil in mindestens einem Teilbereich des Chargenofens durch ansteuerbare Gasdüsen, insbesondere mit Stickstoff, gekühlt.In the method according to the invention, the steel part is cooled in at least a portion of the batch furnace by controllable gas nozzles, in particular with nitrogen.
Durch die Kühlung mittels der Gasdüsen werden auf einfachste Weise die Bereiche mit voneinander verschiedenen Temperaturen im Chargenofen realisiert. Insbesondere kann die Zahl an Heizelementen reduziert werden. Weiterhin ist durch die Ansteuerbarkeit der Gasdüsen eine flexible Einstellung der Temperaturen im Chargenofen möglich. So können durch die Ansteuerungen verschiedene Bereiche für verschiedenartige Metallbauteile eingestellt werden. Die ansteuerbaren Gasdüsen können alternativ zu ansteuerbaren Heizelementen oder in Kombinationen mit diesen eingesetzt werden. Als bevorzugtes Kühlgas wird Stickstoff verwendet, da dies preisgünstig und inert ist.By cooling by means of the gas nozzles, the areas are realized in the simplest way with mutually different temperatures in the batch furnace. In particular, the number of heating elements can be reduced. Furthermore, a flexible adjustment of the temperatures in the batch furnace is possible by the controllability of the gas nozzles. So can be set by the controls different areas for various metal components. The controllable gas nozzles can be used as an alternative to controllable heating elements or in combinations with these. Nitrogen is the preferred cooling gas because it is cheap and inert.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Stahlteil direkt oder indirekt warmumgeformt und/oder pressgehärtet. Auf diese Weise wird eine große Flexibilität bei der Durchführung des Herstellungsverfahrens ermöglicht. Bei einer indirekten Warmumformung wird das Stahlteil in mindestens zwei Schritten umgeformt, bevorzugt zunächst durch eine Kaltumformung und dann durch eine Warmumformung. Bei einer direkten Warmumformung erfolgt die Umformung hingegen in einem einzigen Warmumformschritt. Die indirekte Warmumformung kann besonders bei hohen Ziehtiefen vorteilhaft sein.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the steel part is directly or indirectly hot-worked and / or press-hardened. In this way, a great deal of flexibility in the implementation of the manufacturing process is made possible. In indirect hot forming, the steel part is formed in at least two steps, preferably first by cold working and then by hot working. In direct hot forming, however, the forming takes place in a single hot-forming step. Indirect hot forming can be advantageous, especially at high draw depths.
Eine besonders flexible Gestaltung des Metallbauteils wird in einer weiteren Ausführungsform dadurch erreicht, dass mindestens eine Grenze zwischen den Teilbereichen quer oder schräg zur größten Längserstreckung des Stahlteils und/oder nicht linear verläuft. Das Verfahren erlaubt mithin eine im Wesentlichen beliebige Einstellung der Teilbereichsgrenzen zueinander. Die Grenzen zwischen den Teilbereichen sind weiterhin bevorzugt außerhalb von Fügebereichen des Stahlteils angeordnet, um eine Beeinträchtigung von Fügeverbindungen, insbesondere Schweißnähten, durch den Übergangsbereich im Bereich einer Grenze zu vermeiden.A particularly flexible design of the metal component is achieved in a further embodiment in that at least one boundary between the subregions extends transversely or obliquely to the greatest longitudinal extent of the steel part and / or non-linearly. The method thus allows a substantially arbitrary adjustment of the subregion boundaries to each other. The boundaries between the subregions are furthermore preferably arranged outside joining regions of the steel part, in order to avoid impairment of joining connections, in particular welding seams, by the transition region in the region of a boundary.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird als Stahlteil ein Halbzeug, insbesondere ein Tailored-Blank, ein Tailored-Welded-Blank, ein Patchwork-Blank oder ein Tailored-Rolled-Blank, oder eine zugeschnittene Platine verwendet. Das Verfahren erlaubt folglich eine maximale Flexibilität bei der Herstellung eines Metallbauteils mit ortsabhängigen Materialeigenschaften. Unter einem Tailored-Blank wird eine Blechplatine verstanden, welche aus verschiedenen Werkstoffgüten und/oder Blechdicken zusammengesetzt ist. Bei einem Tailored-Welded-Blank sind verschiedene Blechplatinen aneinander geschweißt. Ein Tailored-Rolled-Blank weist durch ein flexibles Walzverfahren hergestellte unterschiedliche Blechdicken auf. Ein Patchwork-Blank besteht aus einer Platine, auf welche flickenartig weitere Bleche gefügt sind. Sehr gute Materialeigenschaften des Metallbauteils werden in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform dadurch erreicht, dass ein Stahlteil aus Mangan-Borstahl, insbesondere MBW 1500, MBW 1700 oder MBW 1900, vorzugsweise in Kombination mit einem mikrolegierten Stahl, beispielsweise MHZ 340, und/oder aus einem mikrolegierten Stahl, beispielsweise MHZ 340, verwendet wird.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, a semifinished product, in particular a tailored blank, a tailored-welded blank, a patchwork blank or a tailored-rolled blank, or a cut-to-size blank is used as the steel part. The method thus allows maximum flexibility in the production of a metal component with location-dependent material properties. A tailored blank is understood to mean a sheet metal blank, which is composed of different material grades and / or sheet thicknesses. In a Tailored-Welded-Blank different sheet metal blanks are welded together. A tailored-rolled blank has different sheet thicknesses produced by a flexible rolling process. A patchwork blank consists of a board, on which patch-like more sheets are joined. Very good material properties of the metal component are achieved in a preferred embodiment in that a steel part of manganese-boron steel, in particular MBW 1500, MBW 1700 or MBW 1900, preferably in combination with a microalloyed steel, for example MHZ 340, and / or of a microalloyed steel , for example MHZ 340, is used.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens weist das Stahlteil eine organische Beschichtung, insbesondere eine Lackbeschichtung, z.B. einen Verzunderungsschutz, vorzugsweise einen lösemittel- oder wasserbasierten, ein-, zwei- oder mehrkomponentigen Verzunderungsschutz auf. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Stahlteil eine anorganische Beschichtung, vorzugsweise eine Aluminium- oder Aluminium-Silizium-basierende Beschichtung, insbesondere eine feueraluminierte Beschichtung (fal), und/oder eine Zink-basierende Beschichtung aufweisen. Auf diese Weise ist eine Funktionalisierung der Oberfläche des Metallbauteils möglich, so dass die Materialeigenschaften noch flexibler angepasst werden können.In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the steel part has an organic coating, in particular a lacquer coating, e.g. a Verzurtungsschutz, preferably a solvent or water-based, one-, two- or multi-component Verzunderungsschutz on. Alternatively or additionally, the steel part may have an inorganic coating, preferably an aluminum or aluminum-silicon-based coating, in particular a fire-aluminized coating (fal), and / or a zinc-based coating. In this way, a functionalization of the surface of the metal component is possible, so that the material properties can be adapted even more flexible.
Die technische Aufgabe wird gemäß einer zweiten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung durch eine Verwendung eines Metallbauteils, hergestellt nach einem der zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren, in einem Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere als A-, B- oder C-Säule, Seitenwand, Dachrahmen oder Längsträger, gelöst. Durch die flexibel und lokal einstellbaren Materialeigenschaften der Metallbauteile können diese optimal an die Belastungen in einem Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere zur Verbesserung des Crashverhaltens, angepasst werden.The technical problem is solved according to a second teaching of the present invention by using a Metal component, prepared according to one of the methods described above, in a motor vehicle, in particular as A-, B- or C-pillar, side wall, roof frame or side members solved. Due to the flexible and locally adjustable material properties of the metal components they can be optimally adapted to the loads in a motor vehicle, in particular to improve the crash behavior.
Die technische Aufgabe wird gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform bei einem Werkzeug zum Warmumformen und Härten von Stahlteilen, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines der zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren, erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die mit dem Stahlteil in Kontakt tretende Werkzeugoberfläche mehrere Sektionen aufweist, welche sich in ihren Wärmeleitfähigkeiten unterscheiden.The technical problem is solved according to an alternative embodiment in a tool for hot forming and hardening of steel parts, in particular for performing one of the methods described above, according to the invention, that the tool surface coming into contact with the steel part has a plurality of sections which differ in their Wärmeleitfähigkeiten ,
Durch diese verschiedenen Sektionen werden auf einfache Weise verschiedene Kühlraten bei der Härtung eines Stahlteils und somit verschiedene Gefügearten im hergestellten Metallbauteil erreicht. Insbesondere kann die Zahl der Temperierungselemente, z.B. die Zahl der Heizelemente in dem Werkzeug reduziert werden.Through these different sections different cooling rates are achieved in the curing of a steel part and thus different types of microstructures in the metal component produced in a simple manner. In particular, the number of tempering elements, e.g. the number of heating elements in the tool can be reduced.
Der Unterschied in der Wärmeleitfähigkeit kann in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Werkzeugs dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Sektionen aus verschiedenen Werkstoffen, insbesondere Stählen, Stahllegierungen und/oder Keramiken, mit verschiedenen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten bestehen.The difference in thermal conductivity can be achieved in a preferred embodiment of the tool in that the sections consist of different materials, in particular steels, steel alloys and / or ceramics, with different thermal conductivities.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die mit dem Stahlteil in Kontakt tretende Werkzeugoberfläche zumindest teilweise auf verschiedenen austauschbaren Segmenten und/oder Werkzeugeinsätzen des Werkzeugs angeordnet. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die austauschbaren Segmente oder Werkzeugeinsätze im Werkzeug flexibel an- bzw. umzuordnen, so dass mit einem Werkzeug Metallbauteile mit verschiedenen Gefügeanordnungen und folglich mit verschiedenen Eigenschaften hergestellt werden können.In a further embodiment, the tool surface coming into contact with the steel part is at least partially arranged on various exchangeable segments and / or tool inserts of the tool. In this way it is possible to flexibly rearrange or rearrange the exchangeable segments or tool inserts in the tool, so that with a tool metal components with different structural arrangements and consequently with different properties can be produced.
Eine einfache Realisierung der verschiedenen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten wird in einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Werkzeugs dadurch erreicht, dass mindestens eine der Sektionen eine wärmeleitfähigkeitreduzierende oder -erhöhende Oberflächenbeschichtung aufweist. Auf diese Weise können insbesondere sehr lokale Änderungen der Wärmeleitfähigkeit erreicht werden. Weiterhin kann die Oberflächenbeschichtung entfernt und bedarfsgerecht neu aufgebracht werden.A simple realization of the different thermal conductivities is achieved in a further embodiment of the tool in that at least one of the sections has a heat conductivity reducing or increasing surface coating. In particular, very local changes in the thermal conductivity can be achieved in this way. Furthermore, the surface coating can be removed and reapplied as needed.
Die technische Aufgabe wird gemäß einer dritten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung weiterhin bei einem Chargenofen zum Erwärmen eines Stahlteils für ein Warmumformverfahren und/oder Presshärtverfahren, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines der zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren, erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass der Chargenofen mindestens zwei Bereiche aufweist, in denen voneinander verschiedene Temperaturen eingestellt werden können.According to a third teaching of the present invention, the technical problem is further solved in a batch furnace for heating a steel part for a hot forming process and / or press hardening process, in particular for carrying out one of the previously described processes, according to the invention, in that the batch furnace has at least two regions in which different temperatures can be set.
Auf diese Weise kann ein Stahlteil auf verschiedene Temperaturen temperiert werden, so dass bei einem nachfolgenden Härtvorgang verschiedene Gefügearten im hergestellten Metallbauteil erreicht werden.In this way, a steel part can be tempered to different temperatures, so that different types of microstructures are achieved in the metal component produced in a subsequent hardening process.
Erfindungsgemäß weist mindestens ein Bereich des Chargenofens ansteuerbare Gasdüsen zur Kühlung auf. Dadurch können die Bereiche mit den verschiedenen Temperaturen flexibel und einfach realisiert werden.According to the invention, at least one region of the batch furnace has controllable gas nozzles for cooling. As a result, the areas with the different temperatures can be realized flexibly and easily.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung können der nachfolgenden Beschreibung mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele entnommen werden, wobei auf die beigefügte Zeichnung Bezug genommen wird. In der Zeichnung zeigen
- Fig. 1
- ein Werkzeug zur Herstellung eines Metallbauteils aus dem Stand der Technik,
- Fig. 2
- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Werkzeugs bzw. Verfahrens,
- Fig. 3
- zwei weitere Ausführungsbeispiele eines Werkzeugs bzw. Verfahrens,
- Fig. 4
- ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Werkzeugs bzw. Verfahrens,
- Fig. 5
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Chargenofens bzw. Verfahrens,
- Fig. 6
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Chargenofens bzw. Verfahrens,
- Fig. 7
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
- Fig. 8
- ein erstes mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestelltes Metallbauteil,
- Fig. 9
- ein zweites mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestelltes Metallbauteil und
- Fig. 10
- ein drittes mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestelltes Metallbauteil.
- Fig. 1
- a tool for producing a metal component from the prior art,
- Fig. 2
- a first embodiment of a tool or method,
- Fig. 3
- two further embodiments of a tool or method,
- Fig. 4
- A third embodiment of a tool or method,
- Fig. 5
- An embodiment of a batch furnace or method according to the invention,
- Fig. 6
- a further embodiment of a batch furnace or method according to the invention,
- Fig. 7
- a further embodiment of a method according to the invention,
- Fig. 8
- a first metal component produced by a method according to the invention,
- Fig. 9
- a second metal component produced by a method according to the invention and
- Fig. 10
- a third metal component produced by a method according to the invention.
Die
Das in
In
Darüber hinaus sind auch die folgenden Ausführungsformen vom Offenbarungsgehalt umfasst:
- 1. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallbauteils, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugbauteils, bei dem ein Stahlteil (16, 104) warmumgeformt und zumindest abschnittsweise durch den Kontakt mit einer Werkzeugoberfläche (14) gehärtet wird, bei dem das Stahlteil (16, 104) während des Härtens in mindestens zwei Teilbereichen (152, 154, 162, 164) mit voneinander verschiedenen Kühlraten gekühlt wird, so dass sich die Teilbereiche (152, 154, 162, 164) nach dem Härten in ihrer Gefügestruktur unterscheiden,
bei welchem die voneinander verschiedenen Kühlraten durch zu den Teilbereichen (152, 154, 162, 164) des Stahlteils (16, 104) korrespondierende Sektionen (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) der Werkzeugoberfläche (14) bewirkt werden, welche sich in ihrer Wärmeleitfähigkeiten voneinander unterscheiden. - 2. Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 1,
bei welchem das Werkzeug (30, 64) im Bereich der mindestens zwei Sektionen (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) der Werkzeugoberfläche (14) aus verschiedenen Werkstoffen mit verschiedenen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten besteht. - 3. Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 1
oder 2,
bei welchem die Sektionen (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) aus Stählen, Stahllegierungen und/oder Keramiken bestehen. - 4. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 3,
bei welchem mindestens eine der zwei Sektionen (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) der Werkzeugoberfläche (14) eine wärmeleitfähigkeitsreduzierende oder -erhöhende Oberflächenbeschichtung aufweist. - 5. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallbauteils,
insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugbauteils, bei dem ein Stahlteil (16, 104) erwärmt wird, bei dem das erwärmte Stahlteil (16, 104) durch eine Abkühlung in einem Werkzeug (2, 30, 64) mindestens teilweise gehärtet wird, wobei das Stahlteil (16, 104) nach dem Härten mindestens zwei Teilbereiche (152, 154, 162, 164) mit unterschiedlicher Gefügestruktur aufweist, bei welchem das Stahlteil (16, 104) vor dem Härten in einem mindestens zwei Bereiche (92, 94, 96) aufweisenden Chargenofen (90, 114) temperiert wird, wobei die Bereiche (92, 94, 96) voneinander verschiedene Temperaturen aufweisen. - 6. Verfahren nach Ausführungsform 5,
bei welchem zusätzlich ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1bis 4 durchgeführt wird. - 7. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1
bis 6,
bei welchem das Stahlteil (16, 104) vor dem Temperieren im Chargenofen (90, 114) in einem zweiten Ofen, insbesondere einem Durchlaufofen, erwärmt wird. - 8. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 7,
bei welchem das Stahlteil (16, 104) in einem Presswerkzeug gehärtet wird. - 9. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1
bis 8,
bei welchem der Chargenofen (90, 114) mindestens einen Bereich (92) mit einem Temperaturgradienten aufweist. - 10. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 9,
bei welchem das Stahlteil (16, 104) in mindestens einem Teilbereich (152, 154, 162, 164) des Chargenofens durch ansteuerbare Gasdüsen (124), insbesondere mit Stickstoff, gekühlt wird. - 11. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1
bis 10,
bei welchem das Stahlteil (16, 104) direkt oder indirekt warmumgeformt und/oder pressgehärtet wird. - 12. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 11,
bei welchem mindestens eine Grenze zwischen den Teilbereichen (152, 154, 162, 164) quer oder schräg zu größten Längserstreckung des Stahlteils (16, 104) und/oder nicht linear verläuft. - 13. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1
bis 12,
bei welchem als Stahlteil (16, 104) ein Halbzeug, insbesondere ein Tailored-Blank, ein Tailored-Welded-Blank, ein Patchwork-Blank oder ein Tailored-Rolled-Blank, oder eine zugeschnittene Platine verwendet wird. - 14. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 13,
bei welchem ein Stahlteil (16, 104) aus MBW 1500, MBW 1700 oder MBW 1900, vorzugsweise in Kombination mit einem mikrolegierten Stahl, beispielsweise MHZ 340, und/oder aus einem mikrolegierten Stahl, beispielsweise MHZ 340, verwendet wird. - 15. Verfahren nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1
bis 14,
bei welchem das Stahlteil (16, 104) eine organische Beschichtung, insbesondere einen Verzunderungsschutz, vorzugsweise einen lösemittel- oder wasserbasierten, ein-, zwei- oder mehrkomponentigen Verzunderungsschutz, und/oder eine anorganische Beschichtung, vorzugsweise eine Aluminiumoder Aluminium-Silizium-basierende Beschichtung, insbesondere eine feueraluminierte Beschichtung, und/oder einer Zink-basierende Beschichtung, aufweist. - 16. Verwendung eines Metallbauteils, hergestellt nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 15, in einem Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere als A-, B- oder C-Säule, Seitenwand, Dachrahmen oder Längsträger.
- 17. Werkzeug zum Warmumformen und Härten von Stahlteilen, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 15,
bei welchem die mit dem Stahlteil (16, 104) in Kontakt tretende Werkzeugoberfläche (14) mehrere Sektionen (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) aufweist, welche sich in ihrer Wärmeleitfähigkeit unterscheiden. - 18. Werkzeug nach Ausführungsform 17,
bei welchem die mindestens eine der Sektionen (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) eine wärmeleitfähigkeitsreduzierende oder -erhöhende Oberflächenbeschichtung (74, 76, 78) aufweist. - 19. Werkzeug nach Ausführungsform 17
oder 18,
bei welchem die Sektionen (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) aus verschiedenen Werkstoffen, insbesondere Stählen, Stahllegierungen und/oder Keramiken, mit verschiedenen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten bestehen. - 20. Werkzeug nach einer der Ausführungsformen 17 bis 19,
bei welchem die mit dem Stahlteil (16, 104) in Kontakt tretende Werkzeugoberfläche (14) zumindest teilweise auf verschiedenen austauschbaren Segmenten (52a-r) und/oder Werkzeugeinsätzen des Werkzeugs (2, 30, 64) angeordnet ist. - 21. Chargenofen zum Erwärmen eines Stahlteils für ein Warmumformverfahren und/oder Presshärtverfahrens, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einer der Ausführungsformen 1 bis 15,
bei welchem der Chargenofen (90, 114) mindestens zwei Bereiche (92, 94, 96) aufweist, in denen voneinander verschiedene Temperaturen eingestellt werden können. - 22. Chargenofen nach Ausführungsform 21,
bei welchem mindestens ein Bereich (92, 94, 96) des Chargenofens (90, 114) ansteuerbare Gasdüsen (124) zur Kühlung, insbesondere mit Stickstoff, aufweist.
- A method of manufacturing a metal component, in particular a motor vehicle component, in which a steel part (16, 104) is thermoformed and at least partially hardened by contact with a tool surface (14), wherein the steel part (16, 104) during hardening is cooled in at least two subregions (152, 154, 162, 164) with mutually different cooling rates, so that the subregions (152, 154, 162, 164) differ in their microstructure after hardening,
in which the cooling rates different from one another correspond to sections (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) of the tool surface (14) corresponding to the subregions (152, 154, 162, 164) of the steel part (16, 104). be effected, which differ in their Wärmeleitfähigkeiten from each other. - 2. Method according to embodiment 1,
in which the tool (30, 64) in the region of the at least two sections (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) of the tool surface (14) consists of different materials with different thermal conductivities. - 3. Method according to
embodiment 1 or 2,
in which the sections (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) consist of steels, steel alloys and / or ceramics. - 4. Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 3,
wherein at least one of the two sections (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) of the tool surface (14) has a thermal conductivity reducing or increasing surface coating. - 5. Method for producing a metal component,
in particular of a motor vehicle component, in which a steel part (16, 104) is heated, in which the heated steel part (16, 104) is at least partially hardened by cooling in a tool (2, 30, 64), the steel part (16, 104) after hardening has at least two partial areas (152, 154, 162, 164) with a different microstructure, in which the steel part (16, 104) before hardening in a batch furnace (90, 94) having at least two areas (92, 94, 96) , 114), the regions (92, 94, 96) having different temperatures from each other. - 6. Method according to embodiment 5,
which additionally performs a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. - 7. Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 6,
in which the steel part (16, 104) is heated before the tempering in the batch furnace (90, 114) in a second furnace, in particular a continuous furnace. - 8. Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 7,
in which the steel part (16, 104) is hardened in a pressing tool. - 9. Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 8,
wherein the batch furnace (90, 114) comprises at least one region (92) having a temperature gradient. - 10. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9,
in which the steel part (16, 104) in at least one partial area (152, 154, 162, 164) of the batch furnace is cooled by controllable gas nozzles (124), in particular with nitrogen. - 11. The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10,
in which the steel part (16, 104) is directly or indirectly hot-formed and / or press-hardened. - 12. Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 11,
in which at least one boundary between the partial regions (152, 154, 162, 164) extends transversely or obliquely to the greatest longitudinal extension of the steel part (16, 104) and / or non-linearly. - 13. Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 12,
in which a semi-finished product, in particular a tailored blank, a tailored-welded blank, a patchwork blank or a tailored-rolled blank, or a cut-to-size blank is used as the steel part (16, 104). - 14. Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 13,
in which a steel part (16, 104) of MBW 1500, MBW 1700 or MBW 1900, preferably in combination with a microalloyed steel, for example MHZ 340, and / or a microalloyed steel, for example MHZ 340, is used. - 15. Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 14,
in which the steel part (16, 104) has an organic coating, in particular an anti-scaling protection, preferably a solvent-based or water-based, one-, two- or multi-component anti-scaling protection, and / or an inorganic coating, preferably an aluminum or aluminum-silicon-based coating, in particular a fire-aluminized coating, and / or a zinc-based coating. - 16. Use of a metal component, produced according to one of embodiments 1 to 15, in a motor vehicle, in particular as A-, B- or C-pillar, side wall, roof frame or side member.
- 17. Tool for hot working and hardening of steel parts, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of embodiments 1 to 15,
in which the tool surface (14) which comes into contact with the steel part (16, 104) has a plurality of sections (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) which differ in their thermal conductivity. - 18. Tool according to embodiment 17,
wherein the at least one of the sections (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) has a thermal conductivity reducing or increasing surface coating (74, 76, 78). - 19. Tool according to
embodiment 17 or 18,
in which the sections (32, 34, 36, 38, 66, 68, 70, 72) consist of different materials, in particular steels, steel alloys and / or ceramics, with different thermal conductivities. - 20. Tool according to one of the embodiments 17 to 19,
wherein the tool surface (14) coming into contact with the steel part (16, 104) is at least partially disposed on different replaceable segments (52a-r) and / or tool inserts of the tool (2, 30, 64). - 21. Batch furnace for heating a steel part for a hot forming process and / or press hardening process, in particular for carrying out a process according to one of embodiments 1 to 15,
in which the batch furnace (90, 114) has at least two regions (92, 94, 96) in which different temperatures from each other can be set. - 22. Batch furnace according to embodiment 21,
in which at least one region (92, 94, 96) of the batch furnace (90, 114) has controllable gas nozzles (124) for cooling, in particular with nitrogen.
Claims (11)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stahlteil (16, 104) in mindestens einem Teilbereich (152, 154, 162, 164) des Chargenofens durch ansteuerbare Gasdüsen (124), insbesondere mit Stickstoff, gekühlt wird.Method for producing a metal component, in particular a motor vehicle component, in which a steel part (16, 104) is heated, in which the heated steel part (16, 104) is at least partially hardened by cooling in a tool (2, 30, 64), the steel part (16, 104) having at least two partial regions (152, 154, 162, 164) having a different microstructure after hardening, wherein the steel part (16, 104) is hardened in at least two regions (92, 94, 96) ), wherein the regions (92, 94, 96) have different temperatures from each other
characterized in that the steel part (16, 104) in at least a portion (152, 154, 162, 164) of the batch furnace by controllable gas nozzles (124), in particular with nitrogen, is cooled.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stahlteil (16, 104) vor dem Temperieren im Chargenofen (90, 114) in einem zweiten Ofen, insbesondere einem Durchlaufofen, erwärmt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the steel part (16, 104) before the tempering in the batch furnace (90, 114) in a second furnace, in particular a continuous furnace is heated.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stahlteil (16, 104) in einem Presswerkzeug gehärtet wird.Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the steel part (16, 104) is hardened in a pressing tool.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Chargenofen (90, 114) mindestens einen Bereich (92) mit einem Temperaturgradienten aufweist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the batch furnace (90, 114) comprises at least one region (92) having a temperature gradient.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stahlteil (16, 104) direkt oder indirekt warmumgeformt und/oder pressgehärtet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the steel part (16, 104) is hot-worked directly or indirectly hot-formed and / or press-hardened.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Grenze zwischen den Teilbereichen (152, 154, 162, 164) quer oder schräg zu größten Längserstreckung des Stahlteils (16, 104) und/oder nicht linear verläuft.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that at least one boundary between the subregions (152, 154, 162, 164) extends transversely or obliquely to the greatest longitudinal extent of the steel part (16, 104) and / or non-linearly.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Stahlteil (16, 104) ein Halbzeug, insbesondere ein Tailored-Blank, ein Tailored-Welded-Blank, ein Patchwork-Blank oder ein Tailored-Rolled-Blank, oder eine zugeschnittene Platine verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that a semi-finished product, in particular a tailored blank, a tailored-welded blank, a patchwork blank or a tailored-rolled blank, or a cut-to-size blank is used as the steel part (16, 104).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stahlteil (16, 104) aus MBW 1500, MBW 1700 oder MBW 1900, vorzugsweise in Kombination mit einem mikrolegierten Stahl, beispielsweise MHZ 340, und/oder aus einem mikrolegierten Stahl, beispielsweise MHZ 340, verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that a steel part (16, 104) of MBW 1500, MBW 1700 or MBW 1900, preferably in combination with a microalloyed steel, for example MHZ 340, and / or of a microalloyed steel, for example MHZ 340, is used.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stahlteil (16, 104) eine organische Beschichtung, insbesondere einen Verzunderungsschutz, vorzugsweise einen lösemittel- oder wasserbasierten, ein-, zwei- oder mehrkomponentigen Verzunderungsschutz, und/oder eine anorganische Beschichtung, vorzugsweise eine Aluminiumoder Aluminium-Silizium-basierende Beschichtung, insbesondere eine feueraluminierte Beschichtung, und/oder einer Zink-basierende Beschichtung, aufweist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that the steel part (16, 104) an organic coating, in particular a Verzunderungsschutz, preferably a solvent- or water-based, one-, two- or multi-component Verzunderungsschutz, and / or an inorganic coating, preferably an aluminum or aluminum-silicon-based Coating, in particular a fire-aluminized coating, and / or a zinc-based coating comprises.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Bereich (92, 94, 96) des Chargenofens (90, 114) ansteuerbare Gasdüsen (124) zur Kühlung, insbesondere mit Stickstoff, aufweist.A batch furnace for heating a steel part for a hot forming process and / or press hardening process, in particular for carrying out a process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the batch furnace (90, 114) has at least two regions (92, 94, 96) in which different from each other Temperatures can be adjusted
characterized in that at least one region (92, 94, 96) of the batch furnace (90, 114) has controllable gas nozzles (124) for cooling, in particular with nitrogen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009043926A DE102009043926A1 (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2009-09-01 | Method and device for producing a metal component |
EP10740648.0A EP2473297B1 (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2010-08-06 | Method and device for producing a metal component and use of such a component |
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EP10740648.0A Division EP2473297B1 (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2010-08-06 | Method and device for producing a metal component and use of such a component |
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EP10740648.0A Not-in-force EP2473297B1 (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2010-08-06 | Method and device for producing a metal component and use of such a component |
EP15154100.0A Withdrawn EP2896466A1 (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2010-08-06 | Method and device for producing a metal component |
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EP (2) | EP2473297B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5827621B2 (en) |
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DE (1) | DE102009043926A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2015226936A (en) | 2015-12-17 |
KR101792176B1 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
ES2536288T3 (en) | 2015-05-22 |
CN102481613A (en) | 2012-05-30 |
JP2013503748A (en) | 2013-02-04 |
WO2011026712A2 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
KR20120093189A (en) | 2012-08-22 |
EP2473297B1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
EP2473297A2 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
US20120186705A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
US8980020B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
JP5827621B2 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
WO2011026712A3 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
DE102009043926A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
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