EP2225488B1 - Brûleur à prémélange pour une turbine à gaz - Google Patents

Brûleur à prémélange pour une turbine à gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2225488B1
EP2225488B1 EP08853497.9A EP08853497A EP2225488B1 EP 2225488 B1 EP2225488 B1 EP 2225488B1 EP 08853497 A EP08853497 A EP 08853497A EP 2225488 B1 EP2225488 B1 EP 2225488B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
burner
liquid
gaseous
flow direction
Prior art date
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Application number
EP08853497.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2225488A1 (fr
Inventor
Adnan Eroglu
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00002—Gas turbine combustors adapted for fuels having low heating value [LHV]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a premix burner with a swirl generator and a downstream mixing tube for the combustion of at least one fuel, respectively. for operation with one or more fuels, in particular for use in a gas turbine. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method for operating such a premix burner.
  • Burners for the combustion of liquid and / or gaseous fuels, in particular for use in a gas turbine, are known, which on the one hand have a high stability during operation, and on the other hand have good properties with respect to the NOx values.
  • the premix burner described therein is a conical burner consisting of several shells, a so-called double-cone burner, for producing a closed swirl flow in the conical head, which becomes unstable due to the increasing swirl along the conical tip and merges into an annular swirl flow with backflow in the core.
  • Fuels such as gaseous fuels, are injected along the channels formed by the individual adjacent shells, also called air inlet slots, and homogeneously mixed with the air before combustion by ignition at stagnation point of the recirculation zone or backflow bubble, which performs the function of a device-free flame holder , Liquid fuels are preferably injected via a central nozzle on the burner head and then evaporate in the conical cavity.
  • AEV burner As he for example EP-A1-704,657 has become known.
  • the proposed burner has a swirl generator on the head side, the basic aerodynamic principles of the above-described EV burner, for example according to EP-A1-0 321 809 , used.
  • This swirl generator is arranged upstream of a mixing section whose structure will be explained in more detail below.
  • a swirl generator which consists of a cylindrical or quasi-cylindrical tube, in which the air flows through similar longitudinal slots as in the EV swirl generator into the interior of the tube, wherein the desired swirling of the air to maximize the desired Premixing with a fuel injected at a suitable point takes place through a conically extending inner body, whereby this inner body tapers conically in the flow direction, whereby here too the conditions for an efficient swirl flow are given.
  • the mixing section itself preferably consists of a tubular mixing element, referred to below as the mixing tube, which permits perfect premixing of the fuels used or of the fuels used.
  • the flow from the swirl generator is thereby transferred seamlessly into the mixing tube. This is done by a transition geometry, which consists of transition channels, which form the head of this mixing tube, and which, as already indicated, transfer the flow in the subsequent effective flow cross-section of the mixing tube.
  • This lossless flow introduction between swirl generator and mixing tube initially prevents the immediate formation of a backflow zone at the outlet of the swirl generator.
  • the swirl intensity in the swirl generator is chosen by its geometry so that the bursting of the vortex is not in the mixing tube, but further downstream of the combustion chamber inlet, the length of this mixing tube is dimensioned so that there is a sufficient mixing quality for all fuel types. If, for example, the swirl generator used is constructed according to the principles of the double-cone burner, then so the swirl strength results from the design of the corresponding cone angle, the air inlet slots and their number. In the mixing tube itself, the axial velocity profile has a pronounced maximum on the axis and thus prevents flashbacks in this area. The axial velocity drops towards the wall.
  • the entire speed level can be increased by using a mixing tube with a sufficiently small diameter.
  • Another possibility is to increase only the speed in the outer region of the mixing tube by a small portion of the combustion air flows through an annular gap or through filming holes downstream of the transitional channels in the mixing tube.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations pose a danger to any type of combustion application. They lead to high amplitude pressure oscillations, a limitation of the operating range and can increase pollutant emissions. This is especially true for combustion systems with low acoustic attenuation, such.
  • combustion concepts for part-load operation of such burners are, for example, so-called burner staging, in which individual burners are switched off selectively, so that the remaining Burner can be operated at full load.
  • burner staging in which individual burners are switched off selectively, so that the remaining Burner can be operated at full load.
  • This concept can be used quite successfully in particular in annular combustion chambers with a plurality of mutually offset burner rings of different radius.
  • the flame position can be influenced and thus the influence of flow instabilities as well as time delay effects reduced (eg in the EP-A1-1 292 795 described).
  • pilot lances in such burners. It can namely pilot fuel (gaseous or liquid) for the pilot operation of the burner centrally supplied via a lance, as for example in the EP-A1-0 778 445 in the case of a double-cone burner and in WO-A-93/17279 such as EP-A1-0 833 105 and WO 2006/069861 for premix burner without resp. is described with downstream mixing section.
  • the premix burner proposed here is intended to overcome the disadvantages of the premix burners according to the prior art mentioned above and in particular make it possible to adjust the combustion process to a wide variety of conditions, such as the applied load, combustion stability, combustion quality, operating temperatures, etc.
  • the object is to improve a premix burner with a swirl generator and a downstream mixing tube for the combustion of gaseous and / or liquid fuel.
  • this is a premix burner, in which the typically gaseous fuel can be introduced into the burner interior of the swirl generator upon entry of the combustion air and / or the liquid fuel can be introduced on a burner axis via a central fuel nozzle into the burner interior of the swirl generator.
  • Brenner also has a fuel lance arranged on the burner axis.
  • the increased flexibility with regard to possible modes of operation is achieved by providing at least one additional feed for the introduction of gaseous and / or liquid premix fuel from the wall region into the burner interior of the mixing tube in the transition region from the swirl generator to the mixing tube.
  • the transition region between these two regions is an area which may also comprise the last 20 to 30% of the length of the swirl generator and normally extends into the mixing tube by 20 to 30% of its length.
  • a finely tunable fuel staging which can be set to a wide variety of operating states, can be implemented very flexibly in a very efficient manner. This is preferred for both liquid fuel and gaseous fuel operation. Through these supplies either natural gas or synthesis gas or liquid fuel (such as petroleum) can be supplied.
  • a arranged on the burner axis fuel lance is present, which extends at least partially into the mixing tube, extending in the range of 40-60% of the length of the mixing tube in this.
  • This fuel lance serves on the one hand for the introduction of pilot fuel in the region of the output of the mixing section, on the other hand, the fuel lance but also serves to modify the internal recirculation zone and stabilize, not only by their presence but also arranged in the fuel lance means for introduction of fuel and optionally also air.
  • such a fuel lance it is designed such that both liquid and gaseous fuel can be introduced via the fuel lance into the burner interior of the mixing tube. This increases flexibility in terms of potential fuels.
  • the fuel lance is configured such that both liquid pilot fuel and gaseous pilot fuel can be introduced into the burner interior of the mixing tube at the tip of the fuel lance.
  • the injection of the liquid fuel is carried out centrally.
  • the liquid pilot fuel can be introduced via at least one opening or fuel nozzle arranged essentially on the burner axis.
  • the gaseous pilot fuel is introduced via a plurality (for example, a whole rim) of radially outwardly offset openings at the top of the fuel lance.
  • the corresponding nozzles for both the liquid and the gaseous fuel can be preferably set with respect to the direction of formation or the distribution effect for the fuel so that optimum mixing with the combustion air flow is established for the different staging states.
  • the fuel lance is a tool for the actual staging within the burner.
  • the fuel lance is designed such that liquid Vormischbrennstoff in the transition region into the burner interior in the radial direction, that is, radially outward, whereby an axial component in the flow direction or a direction adapted to the swirl injection direction is possible, can be introduced.
  • the injection openings are not only offset in the axial direction (different groups), but preferably openings of different groups in the flow direction are not arranged one behind the other such that under normal operating conditions the fuel of an upstream opening directly onto the fuel of a downstream opening " incident ". So optimal mixing with the combustion air can be achieved because the individual fuel columns are guided by individual openings exactly in the desired mass next to each other. It should be noted that the combustion air flow is subjected to a swirl, that is under offset among other things to understand, offset with respect to the normal rotating combustion air flow.
  • a further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the fuel lance is formed such that gaseous premix fuel can be introduced in the radial direction in the transition region into the burner interior, wherein preferably along the fuel lance different, successively arranged in the flow direction rows or groups of openings are present, and These rows can be controlled separately with gaseous fuel, and wherein in particular preferably the openings of different rows or groups are arranged offset in the flow direction.
  • the fuel lance has both such liquid fuel groups and such gaseous fuel groups.
  • the above can for example be realized by the fuel lance from at least one outer tube with an inner coaxially arranged inner tube and / or with radially extending partitions for separately controllable supply of liquid or gaseous fuel as a pilot fuel to the top of the fuel lance and / or is designed as premix fuel for introduction in the transition region.
  • a feed for liquid fuel is arranged according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • This supply preferably has at least one row of outlet openings for liquid fuel, wherein in particular at least one row of outlet openings arranged substantially at the same height in the flow direction is arranged.
  • these can preferably be controlled separately (if appropriate, groups of outlet openings can also be controlled separately).
  • these openings are arranged offset in the flow direction and / or formed of different sizes.
  • the openings are preferably set such that, in particular, the wall regions are not exposed to fuel, and that exactly the desired mixing or separate formation of fuel columns within the mixing section is produced.
  • a further preferred embodiment is characterized in that at least one feed for gaseous fuel is arranged in the transition region, particularly preferably in the region of or immediately downstream of transitional channels arranged there, this feed preferably introducing gaseous fuel via at least one row of outlet openings. It is also preferred in the case of gaseous fuel, if at least one row of arranged in the flow direction substantially at the same height outlet openings, and wherein particularly preferably in the presence of a plurality of such rows of outlet openings, these can be controlled separately, and / or in the flow direction are arranged offset, and / or of different sizes are formed and / or set with respect to the Eindüsungsraum so that in particular the wall areas are not acted upon undesirable fuel.
  • the at least one supply comprises at least one at least partially circulating distribution line, which can be controlled via a controllable distributor
  • Feed with fuel is controlled.
  • the swirl generator is generally a double-cone burner or a multiple-cone burner which has two or a plurality of partial cone bodies which are offset relative to one another such that the combustion air enters the burner interior of the swirl generator through tangential air inlet slots formed thereby, whereby liquid fuel flows over one central fuel nozzle and / or gaseous fuel can be introduced at said air inlet slots.
  • the swirl generator is preferably of a construction like that in the EP-A1-0 321 809 is described. Accordingly, the disclosure of the EP-A1-0 321 809 Regarding the construction of the swirl generator expressly included in the disclosure of the present documentation.
  • the mixing section is a mixing section, as used in the EP-A1-0 704 657 is described, and also the disclosure content is expressly included in this disclosure with respect to the construction of the mixing section and their connection to the swirl generator.
  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a premix burner as described above.
  • the method is particularly characterized in that for a fuel staging for different operating conditions, the different means described above for introducing liquid and / or gaseous fuel in the wall area and / or the fuel lance in dependence on the load or the power to be generated and / or the combustion quality and combustion stability are controlled individually and / or in combination in particular with regard to pollutant emission.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that at least two different stages for operation with gaseous and / or liquid fuel using at least two in the flow direction successively arranged feeders or using at least one feed in the transition region via a fuel lance and at least one Feed in the transition region from the wall area are used in the burner interior.
  • gaseous and / or liquid pilot fuel can be introduced into the combustion air stream via the tip of the fuel lance.
  • natural gas and / or synthesis gas and / or crude oil can be used as fuel.
  • FIG. 1 shows a so-called AEV burner, as in the EP-A1-0 704 657 described in the prior art.
  • a premix burner comprises a swirl generator 1 and a mixing pipe 2 arranged downstream thereof (also called a mixing section).
  • Such a burner is adjacent to a combustion chamber 3, in whose rear wall the burners are normally embedded with a burner front element 10.
  • the swirl generator is basically designed as it is in the EP-A1-0 321 809 is described. In other words, the displacement of these partial cone bodies 14 results in a tangential air inlet slot 17 between the two on both sides. Inside the two partial cone bodies 14, the burner interior 16 of the swirl generator is formed. Combustion air 4 enters through these tangential air inlet slots 7 in the burner interior 16 and forms a rotating and advancing forward, swirling combustion air flow.
  • combustion air flow can be introduced via a central fuel nozzle 5 for liquid fuel 39 substantially on the burner axis 12 on the one hand.
  • gaseous fuel in the region of the tangential air inlet slots 7. Normally, these are provided at the tangential air inlet slots 7 and parallel to these extending lines for gaseous fuel, which introduce the gaseous fuel 13 into the combustion air stream 4 at the moment of its entry into the burner interior 16 via a plurality of openings distributed along the air inlet slots.
  • the mixing tube 2 Downstream of this swirl generator 1, the mixing tube 2 is arranged. In between there is a transition region 40. In this transition region, with the aid of transition channels, it is ensured that an optimal entry of the swirling air flow from the burner interior 16 of the swirl generator 1 into the burner interior 17 of the mixing section takes place.
  • transition channels are arranged in a transition piece 8.
  • FIG. 2 The main components of the proposed modified AEV burner are in FIG. 2 shown.
  • a central fuel lance 15 is provided on the burner axis 12. This fuel lance 15 extends through the swirl generator 1 and far into the mixing tube 2. It is therefore an exceptionally long fuel lance, the prior art proposed fuel lances in connection with a burner with a downstream mixing section normally extend only over the length of the swirl generator.
  • This fuel lance has on the one hand the possibility of introducing gaseous fuel as well as on the other hand the possibility of introducing liquid fuel.
  • this fuel lance 15 at the top of pilot nozzles arranged, at least one central pilot nozzle for the introduction of liquid pilot fuel, and a plurality resp. a wreath of nozzles also at the top for the introduction of gaseous fuel (see description below).
  • the fuel lance 15 has arranged in the central region of the outlet openings for liquid and gaseous fuel.
  • advantageously several groups of openings for liquid fuel in the flow direction are arranged one behind the other, wherein these groups can be controlled separately.
  • these groups can be controlled separately.
  • such gaseous fuel groups are present.
  • these nozzles resp. Ports for introducing the fuel, which will be described in more detail below, arranged in a central region of the fuel lance, that is, in the transition region 40 between the swirl generator 1 and the mixing tube. 2
  • a supply 18 for liquid fuel In addition to the fuel lance is a supply 18 for liquid fuel arranged. It is a circumferential liquid fuel line, recessed into the transition piece 8, which has a plurality of circumferentially spaced liquid fuel injection ports.
  • various groups of such openings arranged one behind the other in flow direction can be arranged. These openings are in other words offset in the flow direction. In order that the fuel columns which emerge and form from these openings do not get in the way in the various series-connected groups, the openings of different groups are also offset in the circumferential direction.
  • a first external supply of gaseous fuel usually natural gas
  • This supply 19 is made via a supply line 20 and is also formed as a circumferential channel, which has opening into the transition region 40 outlet openings 21 for the gaseous fuel.
  • a second external supply for gaseous fuel 22 is provided, which in turn is supplied via a fuel supply line 23 with gaseous fuel.
  • a circumferential channel for the gaseous fuel for example synthesis gas
  • this circulating channel opens into the burner interior 17 via a multiplicity of outlet openings 24 distributed on the circumference.
  • the two groups of openings 21 respectively. 24 are also advantageously arranged offset in the circumferential direction, so that the fuel columns of these two groups do not overlap in an undesirable manner.
  • the injection angle can generally be selected at the outlet openings for both gaseous and liquid fuel such that there is as little as possible any contact of the fuel with the wall in the direction of flow downstream of the openings, and accordingly Continuous scavenging of inoperative fuel lines can be avoided, and the risk of backflushing can be eliminated.
  • FIG. 3 shows a mode of operation with gas in the premixing mode using the outer injectors of the first external delivery system 19.
  • the number of outlet openings 21 corresponding number of gaseous fuel columns 25 forms in the mixing section, which successively mix with the combustion air flow and expand ,
  • pilot gas can be introduced via the tip of the fuel lance.
  • the pilot gas is introduced via pilot gas openings 27 and in turn forms pilot gas fuel columns 26.
  • FIG. 5 is shown as in addition to in FIG. 3 illustrated introduction of premixing gas through the system 19 further premixing gas can be introduced via the fuel lance.
  • the fuel lance has premix gas openings 29 arranged in the transition region 40. These premix gas openings are distributed over the circumference of the outer wall of the fuel lance 15 and form a number of fuel columns corresponding to the number of these openings 29.
  • the openings 29 and 21 are also offset in the circumferential direction, so that the fuel columns 28 and 25 do not overlap negatively.
  • FIG. 6 is shown as in a further variant of the operation, the introduction of gaseous fuel through the lance to form the fuel columns 28 and the introduction of fuel through the system 19 to form the fuel columns 25 with the introduction of pilot fuel through the top of the fuel lance 15 below Formation of the fuel columns 26 can be combined.
  • FIG. 7 is in a section perpendicular to the burner axis through the
  • FIG. 8 For the sake of completeness, it is shown how such a burner can be driven alone by operating the gaseous fuel pilot nozzles 27 to form the fuel columns 26. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that additional gaseous fuel can be supplied in the region of the inlet slots, should this be desired.
  • FIG. 9 now the mode of operation is shown with liquid fuel, in which case only pilot fuel is introduced centrally via an opening 291 in the top of the fuel lance 15, so that a single central fuel column 281 is formed.
  • Such an operation can be combined as shown in FIG FIG. 10 with the introduction of liquid premix fuel via two groups of openings in the fuel lance.
  • the openings of these two rows are also arranged offset in the circumferential direction and the first row of openings 31 leads to the formation of fuel columns 30.
  • FIG. 12 is also shown a mode of operation with liquid fuel.
  • the liquid fuel is supplied via the system 18.
  • the system 18 in the transition region 40 also has two groups of openings distributed around the circumference.
  • a first group of openings is located further upstream and forms the group 35 of openings.
  • a second group of openings 37 which in this case is fed via the same line, is arranged somewhat further downstream. Again, the openings 35 and 37 are arranged offset in the circumferential direction.
  • the openings 35 are formed larger than the openings 37, and in this case, the number of openings of the two groups 35, respectively. 37 not equal.
  • FIG. 14 It can be seen that the above-described operations for liquid premix fuel with introduction via the fuel lance resp. can also be operated mixed through the system 18.
  • a further plurality of fuel columns 32 are formed via the fuel lance via a group of openings 33, here together with the introduction of pilot fuel 28, which is present in addition to the introduction via the system 18 to form the columns 36.
  • FIG. 15 shows the possibility of using the two systems 19 and 22 for the introduction of gaseous fuel.
  • the fuel columns 38 due to the entry through the openings 21 of the system 19 which already continue The above-described fuel columns 25 and in addition due to the inlet openings 24 of the system 22, the fuel columns 38.
  • This operation is, for example.
  • For synthesis gas particularly suitable.
  • the pilot gas and the liquid pilot fuel are directed to the central recirculation zone. As far as the extinguishing limit is concerned, this is the most efficient way of piloting a burner.
  • the central piloting does not give rise to any risk of overheating, as the free-flowing enriched zone can not strike material surfaces.
  • Premix gas and oil can be split into two different injectors, which increases mixing (two-sided and staggered injection for optimal penetration and mixing).

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Brûleur à prémélange comprenant un générateur de tourbillons (1) et un tube de mélange (2) monté en aval pour la combustion de combustible gazeux (13) et liquide (39) qui est introduit dans l'espace interne de brûleur (16) du générateur de tourbillons (1) ou du tube de mélange, au moins une alimentation supplémentaire (18, 19, 22) étant prévue pour introduire un combustible supplémentaire dans le tube de mélange (2) dans la région de transition (6, 8, 40) du générateur de tourbillons (1) au tube de mélange (2), qui comprend 20 % à 30 % de la longueur du générateur de tourbillons et 20 % à 30 % de la longueur du tube de mélange, caractérisé en ce qu'une lance à combustible (15) disposée sur l'axe de brûleur (12) du brûleur est en outre prévue, laquelle s'étend dans la région de 40 à 60 % de la longueur du tube de mélange à l'intérieur de ce dernier et en ce que la lance à combustible (15) comprend au moins un tube extérieur avec un tube intérieur disposé coaxialement et/ou avec des parois de séparation s'étendant radialement pour l'alimentation contrôlable séparément de combustible liquide, respectivement gazeux, sous forme de combustible pilote à la pointe de la lance à combustible (15) et/ou sous forme de combustible de prémélange destiné à être introduit dans la région de transition (6, 8, 40).
  2. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'à la fois du combustible liquide et gazeux peut être introduit par le biais de la lance à combustible (15) dans l'espace interne de brûleur (17) du tube de mélange (2).
  3. Brûleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'à la fois du combustible pilote liquide (281) et du combustible pilote gazeux (26) peuvent être introduits dans l'espace interne de brûleur (17) du tube de mélange (2) au niveau de la pointe de la lance à combustible (15), en ce que le combustible pilote liquide (281) peut être introduit par le biais d'au moins une ouverture (291) disposée essentiellement sur l'axe du brûleur (12) et/ou le combustible pilote gazeux (26) peut être introduit par le biais d'une pluralité d'ouvertures (27) décalées radialement vers l'extérieur au niveau de la pointe de la lance à combustible (15).
  4. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la lance à combustible (15) est réalisée de telle sorte que du combustible liquide (30, 32) puisse être introduit dans la direction radiale dans la région de transition (6, 8, 40) dans l'espace interne de brûleur (16, 17), en ce que différentes rangées ou différents groupes d'ouvertures (31, 33) disposés les uns derrière les autres dans la direction de l'écoulement sont prévus le long de la lance à combustible (15), et ces rangées sont commandées séparément avec du combustible liquide, et en ce que les ouvertures (31, 33) de différentes rangées ou de différent groupes sont disposées de manière décalée dans la direction de l'écoulement.
  5. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la lance à combustible (15) est réalisée de telle sorte que du combustible gazeux (28) puisse être introduit dans la région de transition (6, 8, 40) dans l'espace interne de brûleur (16, 17) dans la direction radiale, en ce que différentes rangées ou différents groupes d'ouvertures (29) disposés les uns derrière les autres dans la direction de l'écoulement sont prévus le long de la lance à combustible (15), et ces rangées sont commandées séparément avec du combustible gazeux, et en ce que les ouvertures (29) de différentes rangées ou de différents groupes sont disposées de manière décalée dans la direction de l'écoulement.
  6. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans la région de transition (6, 8, 40), en particulier de préférence dans la région de canaux de transition (6) qui y sont disposés, est prévue une alimentation (18) pour du combustible liquide, cette alimentation introduisant du combustible liquide par le biais d'au moins une rangée d'ouvertures de sortie (35, 37), en particulier au moins une rangée d'ouvertures de sortie (35, 37) disposées essentiellement à la même hauteur dans la direction de l'écoulement étant prévue, et notamment de préférence en présence de plusieurs rangées d'ouvertures de sortie (35, 37) de ce type, celles-ci pouvant être commandées séparément, et/ou étant disposées de manière décalée dans la direction de l'écoulement et/ou étant réalisées avec une taille différente, et/ou étant ajustées en termes de sens d'injection de telle sorte que les régions de paroi ne soient pas sollicitées avec du combustible.
  7. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans la région de transition (6, 8, 40), en particulier de préférence dans la région de canaux de transition (6) disposés à cet endroit ou directement en aval de ceux-ci, est prévue au moins une alimentation (19, 22) pour du combustible gazeux, cette alimentation introduisant du combustible gazeux par le biais d'au moins une rangée d'ouvertures de sortie (21, 24), en particulier au moins une rangée d'ouvertures de sortie (21, 24) disposées dans la direction de l'écoulement essentiellement à la même hauteur étant prévue, et en particulier de préférence en présence de plusieurs rangées d'ouvertures de sortie (21, 24) de ce type, celles-ci pouvant être commandées séparément (20, 23), et/ou étant disposées de manière décalée dans la direction de l'écoulement, et/ou étant réalisées avec une taille différente et/ou étant ajustées en termes de sens d'injection de telle sorte que les régions de paroi internes du brûleur ne soient pas sollicitées avec du combustible.
  8. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une alimentation (18, 19, 22) comprend au moins une conduite de distribution au moins partiellement périphérique, qui est commandée avec du combustible par le biais d'une alimentation (20, 23).
  9. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de tourbillons se compose d'au moins deux coques coniques partielles creuses emboîtées l'une dans l'autre dans la direction de l'écoulement se complétant pour former un corps, en ce que la section transversale de l'espace interne formé par les coques coniques partielles creuses augmente dans la direction de l'écoulement, en ce que les axes de symétrie longitudinaux respectifs de ces coques coniques partielles s'étendent de manière décalée l'un par rapport à l'autre de telle sorte que les parois adjacentes des coques coniques partielles forment dans leur étendue longitudinale des fentes d'entrée d'air tangentielles ou des canaux pour l'afflux d'un air de combustion dans l'espace interne formé par les coques coniques partielles.
  10. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de tourbillons se compose d'au moins deux coques partielles creuses emboîtées l'une dans l'autre dans la direction de l'écoulement se complétant pour former un corps, en ce que la section transversale de l'espace interne formé par les coques partielles creuses s'étend dans la direction de l'écoulement sous forme cylindrique ou presque cylindrique, en ce que les axes de symétrie longitudinaux respectifs de ces coques partielles s'étendent de manière décalée l'un par rapport à l'autre de telle sorte que les parois adjacentes des coques partielles forment dans leur étendue longitudinale des fentes d'entrée d'air tangentielles ou des canaux pour l'afflux d'un air de combustion dans l'espace interne formé par les coques partielles, et en ce que l'espace interne présente un corps interne dont la section transversale diminue dans la direction de l'écoulement.
  11. Brûleur selon les revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que du combustible liquide est introduit par le biais d'une buse à combustible centrale (5) et/ou du combustible gazeux (13) est introduit au niveau des fentes d'entrée d'air tangentielles mentionnées.
  12. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans une région de transition (40) entre le générateur de tourbillons (1) et le tube de mélange (2) sont prévus des canaux de transition (6) pour le transfert d'un écoulement formé dans le générateur de tourbillons dans la section transversale d'écoulement du tube de mélange (2) montée en aval des canaux de transition.
  13. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pour un échelonnement de combustible pour différents états de fonctionnement, les différents moyens (18, 19, 22, 27, 29, 291, 31, 33, 35, 37) pour introduire du combustible liquide et/ou gazeux sont commandés en fonction de la charge, respectivement de la puissance à produire et/ou de la qualité de combustion, respectivement de la stabilité de combustion, en particulier aussi en termes d'émissions toxiques, de manière individuelle et/ou en combinaison.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux étages différents de fonctionnement avec du combustible gazeux et/ou liquide sont utilisés en utilisant au moins deux alimentations disposées l'une derrière l'autre dans la direction de l'écoulement ou en utilisant au moins une alimentation (29, 31, 33) dans la région de transition (40) par le biais d'une lance à combustible (15) et au moins une alimentation (18, 19, 22) dans la région de transition (40) de la région de paroi dans l'espace interne de brûleur (17).
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que du combustible pilote gazeux ou liquide est introduit en plus dans le courant d'air de combustion par le biais de la pointe de la lance à combustible (15).
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que du gaz naturel et/ou du gaz synthétique et/ou du pétrole sont utilisés comme combustible.
EP08853497.9A 2007-11-27 2008-11-07 Brûleur à prémélange pour une turbine à gaz Active EP2225488B1 (fr)

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CH18382007 2007-11-27
PCT/EP2008/065116 WO2009068425A1 (fr) 2007-11-27 2008-11-07 Brûleur à prémélange pour une turbine à gaz

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EP2225488B1 true EP2225488B1 (fr) 2013-07-17

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EP2225488A1 (fr) 2010-09-08
WO2009068425A1 (fr) 2009-06-04
US8033821B2 (en) 2011-10-11
US20100273117A1 (en) 2010-10-28

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