EP2220433B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion d'hydrogène dans un brûleur à prémélange - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion d'hydrogène dans un brûleur à prémélange Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2220433B1
EP2220433B1 EP08854401.0A EP08854401A EP2220433B1 EP 2220433 B1 EP2220433 B1 EP 2220433B1 EP 08854401 A EP08854401 A EP 08854401A EP 2220433 B1 EP2220433 B1 EP 2220433B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
burner
feeding
hydrogen
transition section
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EP08854401.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2220433A1 (fr
Inventor
Adnan Eroglu
Klaus DÖBBELING
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00002—Gas turbine combustors adapted for fuels having low heating value [LHV]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner for operating premixed combustion with one or more fuels. It also relates to a method of operating such a burner.
  • a per se known and technically controllable way to reduce the CO 2 emission in combustion power plants consists in the removal of carbon from the fuels reaching the combustion before the introduction of the fuel into the combustion chamber. This requires appropriate fuel pretreatments, such as
  • the partial oxidation of the fuel with oxygen and / or a pretreatment of the fuel with water vapor For example, the partial oxidation of the fuel with oxygen and / or a pretreatment of the fuel with water vapor.
  • Such pretreated fuels Most of them contain a large amount of H 2 and CO, and depending on the mixing ratios, they have calorific values, which are generally lower than those of natural gas.
  • Mbtu or Lbtu gases which are not readily suitable for use in conventional, designed for the combustion of natural gases such as natural gas burner, such as the EP 0 321 809 B1 .
  • WO 93/17279 as well as the EP 1 070 915 A1 are removable.
  • liquid and / or gaseous fuel which is formed in the interior of the premix burner is fed to form a homogeneous fuel-air mixture.
  • gaseous fuels are synthetically treated as an alternative to or in combination with combustion
  • WO 2006/058843 A1 is a method and a burner for the combustion of gaseous, liquid and containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen fuel, hereinafter referred to as syngas described.
  • a double cone burner with downstream mixing section according to the EP 0 780 629 A2 used in FIG. 2a and b is shown schematically in longitudinal section.
  • the premix burner arrangement provides a conically expanding swirl generator 1, which is bounded by swirl shells 2. Axially and coaxially about the center axis A of the swirl generator 1 means for supplying fuel are provided.
  • liquid fuel B fl reaches the swirling space through an injection nozzle 3 positioned along the burner axis A at the location of the smallest inner diameter of the swirl generator 1.
  • the forming within the swirl generator 1 fuel-air mixture passes in the form of a swirl flow through a transition section 6, in which the
  • Swirl flow stabilizing fluid 7 are provided, in a mixing tube 8, along which a completely homogeneous mixing of the forming fuel-air mixture takes place before the ignitable fuel-air mixture within a downstream of the mixing tube 8 subsequent combustion chamber B is ignited. Due to an unsteady flow cross-sectional enlargement in the transition from the mixing tube 8 into the combustion chamber B bursts the swirl flow of mixed fuel-air mixture to form a remindströmzone in the form of a remindströmblase RB, in which sets a spatially stable flame front.
  • Fig. 2a In the area of the mixing tube 8 is in Fig. 2a the axial flow velocity distribution of the swirl flow propagating axially along the mixing tube 8 is shown. It turns out that the flow velocity near the axis is maximum and is typically three to four times higher than the velocity level in the area of the mixing tube wall. This leads, without further measures, to the formation of a near-wall fluidized bed in which excessive fuel concentrations can accumulate within stationary vortices, which in turn lead to flashback in the region of the mixing tube.
  • an axial or coaxial feed of hydrogen-containing synthesis gas leads to an increased near-axis temperature distribution, which is ultimately responsible for increased nitrogen oxide emission values.
  • the WO 2006/069861 describes a premix burner with a cone-shaped swirl body, which is followed by a mixing section.
  • the premix burner provides a central, axially directed fuel feed as well as a fuel feed directed over the tangential air entry slots.
  • further fuel injection possibilities are provided, which are mounted alternatively or in combination in the region of the swirl body, a transition piece provided between the swirl body and the mixing section and along the mixing section.
  • the invention has the object of providing a device for combustion of hydrogen-containing or consisting of hydrogen fuel with a burner of the type mentioned above, with the features of the preamble of claim 1 characterized in that improved combustion results in terms of reduced nitrogen oxide emission values, but especially in terms on a much reduced risk of flashback, to be won.
  • the premix burner an efficient burner for combustion of hydrogen-containing or consisting of hydrogen fuel with a burner of the type mentioned above, with the features of the preamble of claim 1 characterized in that improved combustion results in terms of reduced nitrogen oxide emission values, but especially in terms on a much reduced risk of flashback, to be won.
  • the premix burner an efficient
  • Burner operation which involves the combustion of both natural gas, petroleum and synthesis gases, i. Hydrogen-containing or consisting of hydrogen fuels allows.
  • synthesis gas a device for combustion of hydrogen-containing or consisting of hydrogen fuel, hereinafter referred to as synthesis gas, characterized by the features of the preamble of claim 1 characterized in that along the transition section, a third means for feeding the synthesis gas and a fourth means for optional supply of the synthesis gas or the gaseous fuel, preferably in the form of natural gas, are provided.
  • the synthesis gas which is much lighter in comparison to the swirling flow which propagates axially within the burner, is easier to mix in the direction of the radially inner flow regions, so that it enters the combustion chamber, which adjoins the mixing tube, before it enters the combustion chamber completely mixed fuel-air mixture can form.
  • the natural gas feed is made with a radial component relative to the burner axis in order to obtain the most effective and homogeneous mixing of the injected natural gas with the axially spreading swirl flow.
  • the outlet openings through which the synthesis gas, ie the hydrogen fuel to dimension larger than the outlet openings through which usually natural gas is applied in the region of the transition section.
  • the radial component with which the respective fuels are fed into the interior of the burner in the region of the transition section in the light of a fast and efficient as possible Mixing and at the same time to adjust individually taking into account a slightest possible irritation of the swirling flow propagating within the burner.
  • a radial angle which is enclosed by the fuel discharge direction of the synthesis gas and the burner axis, to choose greater than that radial angle at which the natural gas is applied in the region of the transition section, especially the latter via a higher flow pulse has and can affect the swirl flow noticeably.
  • a preferred embodiment provides in each case in the transition section circularly distributed equal outlet openings, is applied by the synthesis gas into the interior of the burner. All outlet openings are connected to a common, preferably the transition section circular enclosing reservoir volume, which is fed via a supply line with synthesis gas. Separately, a further plurality of outlet openings along the transition section, distributed as it were equally circular, over which the gaseous fuel, preferably natural gas, is discharged. The second group of outlet openings is also connected to a uniform reservoir volume, which is supplied with natural gas via a separate supply line.
  • throttle valves are preferably provided, via which a metered and controlled respective fuel supply via the respective outlet openings is possible.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment provides along the supply line, over which normally natural gas is supplied, a three-way valve, which allows the possibility of an alternative feed of either natural gas or synthesis gas. With the aid of such a three-way valve, it is thus possible to dispense synthesis gases over all the outlet openings provided within the transition section.
  • the respective fuel feeds do not influence each other sustainably, for example by intrusion of natural gas in the region of the outlet openings are discharged through the syngas or vice versa, the outlet openings of the respective fuel types are arranged in a circular offset from one another.
  • the outlet openings through which natural gas is discharged can be arranged downstream of the outlet openings, through which synthesis gas is discharged. Further details regarding the arrangement and design of a solution designed according to the transition section can be found in the further description with reference to the embodiments.
  • Fig. 1 is a solution according trained Vormischbrenneran extract shown in longitudinal section. Regarding already with reference to Fig. 2a and b described components of the premix burner assembly, to avoid repetition, referenced, especially in Fig. 1 registered reference numerals identical to those in the Fig. 2a and b are. According to the solution, in the region of the transition section 6, two separate means 9, 10 for feeding fuel into the region of the mixing region adjoining the transition section 6, which is enclosed by the mixing tube 8, is provided.
  • the means 9 a plurality within the transition region 6 circularly uniformly distributed outlet openings 9 'before, all of which are connected via individual feed channels to the transition section 6 peripherally comprehensive reservoir volume 9 ", which in turn via a supply line 9'" with hydrogen-containing or Hydrogen existing fuel B H 2 is supplied.
  • the means 10 also within the transition piece 6 circularly equal outlet openings 10 'before, which are connected via connecting channels with a reservoir volume 10 ", which surrounds the transition section 6 also peripherally and via a supply line 10"' preferably supplied with natural gas B EC ,
  • the outlet openings 9 'and 10' are arranged in a circular offset from one another, so that a negative mutual influence of the fuel input is excluded.
  • natural gas is introduced into the openings 9 ', is discharged through the syngas and vice versa.
  • both the natural gas and the synthesis gas can be fed separately through corresponding outlet openings 9 ', 10' in the interior of the swirl flow D with a corresponding radial component.
  • the fuel discharge takes place with regard to the spatial adjustment of the fuel output as well as with regard to the flow velocity which the fuel is discharged, taking into account the smallest possible disturbance of the swirl flow D and the best possible mixing of the discharged fuel with the swirl flow.
  • Fig. 3 shown cross-sectional view through the transition section 6 can be seen that both the natural gas and the synthesis gas can be fed separately through corresponding outlet openings 9 ', 10' in the interior of the swirl flow D with a corresponding radial component.
  • the transitional section 6 is surrounded by the reservoir volume 9 "filled with synthesis gas B H2 , via which the synthesis gas B H2 reaches the area of the swirling flow D via the feed ducts 9""passing through the transition section 6, without the flow characteristic of the swirl flow D substantially to irritate.
  • the feed ducts 10 "" for the supply of natural gas are likewise shown in the cross-sectional representation Fig. 3 located.
  • the arrangement of the individual channels makes it clear that an injection of the respective fuel types takes place without influencing and obstructing the other type of fuel.
  • Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view represented by a premix burner designed in accordance with the solution, in which only a natural gas feed via the outlet openings 10 'takes place. It is assumed that a throttling unit not further along the supply line 9 "'is closed Fig. 5 illustrated an operation in which synthesis gas is fed via both the outlet openings 9 'and 10' in the swirl flow. In this case, along the supply line 10 '' an unillustrated three-way valve is provided, via which an alternative filling of the reservoir volume 10 'with either natural gas or with synthesis gas is possible Fig. 5 Thus, the reservoir volume 10 'is also filled with synthesis gas, so that a double synthesis gas admixture results to the swirling flow forming inside the burner arrangement.
  • the discharged flow areas of the respectively injected fuels B H2 and B EG are discharged Fuel neither immediately downstream of the respective feed point along the inner wall of the transition section or the mixing tube hugs, still accumulates in the center along the burner axis A.
  • the fuels are each introduced with sufficient radial component in the interior of the axially extending swirl flow, on the one hand to disturb the swirl flow as little as possible, on the other hand, however, to avoid an immediate wall contact.
  • the mixing of the introduced synthesis gas or according to the introduced natural gas over the complete flow cross-section is not reached until shortly before the passage of the mixing tube into the combustion chamber, as is known from the Fig. 4 and 5 can be removed.
  • the measure according to the solution triggers a space problem which is always present in burner construction, in that in addition to the use of the means for supplying natural gas, the same means can also be used for the extended supply of synthesis gas.
  • the Flammenschisiko can be significantly reduced by the inventive measure, especially since a fuel accumulation both near the wall and along the burner axis by appropriate adjustment of the fuel inlet properties is avoidable.
  • the supply of synthesis gas along the transition section helps to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions, especially since the synthesis gas due to its lighter weight against the centrifugal forces acting in the swirl flow, is relatively homogeneously distributed along the entire flow cross-section.
  • transition portion is formed as a simple and robust component, fuel feed channels and fuel reservoirs to be connected thereto can be easily and simply realized therein.
  • the solution according to the burner assembly provides a maximum of variability in the operation of a burner with different types of fuel and their combinations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Brûleur pour un mode de combustion à prémélange comprenant un ou plusieurs combustibles, le brûleur étant équipé du côté de la tête d'un générateur de tourbillon (1) et présentant des moyens d'injection d'un combustible ainsi que des moyens d'introduction d'air comburant (L) dans le générateur de tourbillon (1), un premier moyen (3) d'injection d'un combustible liquide (Bfl) et/ou d'un combustible gazeux (Bg) étant prévu le long d'un axe du brûleur (A) et un deuxième moyen d'injection de combustible liquide (Bfl) et/ou de combustible gazeux (Bg) étant prévu le long de fentes d'entrée d'air (4) limitées tangentiellement par le générateur de tourbillon (1), le brûleur présentant, en aval du générateur de tourbillon (1), une portion de transition (6) s'y raccordant directement ainsi qu'un tube de mélange (8) se raccordant en aval à la portion de transition (6), le tube de mélange (8) débouchant dans une chambre de combustion (B) avec une transition de section transversale d'écoulement irrégulière, caractérisé en ce que le long de la portion de transition (6) sont prévus, sous forme de deux possibilités d'injection séparées, un troisième moyen (9) d'injection d'un combustible contenant de l'hydrogène ou constitué d'hydrogène ainsi qu'un quatrième moyen (10) d'injection d'un combustible contenant de l'hydrogène ou constitué d'hydrogène et/ou d'un combustible gazeux supplémentaire.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le troisième moyen (9) prévoit une pluralité d'ouvertures de sortie (9') individuelles réalisées sous forme répartie circulairement et uniformément dans la portion de transition (6), hors desquelles le combustible contenant de l'hydrogène ou constitué d'hydrogène peut être injecté, et en ce que le quatrième moyen (10) prévoit une pluralité d'ouvertures de sortie (10') individuelles réalisées sous forme répartie circulairement et uniformément dans la portion de transition (6), hors desquelles, au choix, le combustible contenant de l'hydrogène ou constitué d'hydrogène ou le combustible gazeux peuvent être injectés.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le troisième et le quatrième moyen (9, 10) peuvent à chaque fois être alimentés en combustible respectif de manière séparée l'un de l'autre par au moins une conduite d'alimentation (9"', 10"').
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le long de l'au moins une conduite d'alimentation (10"') alimentant le quatrième moyen (10) en combustible est prévue une soupape à trois voies, à laquelle sont connectées à la fois une conduite d'alimentation pour l'alimentation du combustible contenant de l'hydrogène ou constitué d'hydrogène ainsi qu'une conduite d'alimentation pour l'alimentation du combustible gazeux.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures de sortie (9') du troisième moyen (9) ont une plus grande largeur d'ouverture que les ouvertures de sortie (10') du quatrième moyen (10).
  6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le combustible gazeux est du gaz naturel.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures de sortie (10') du quatrième moyen (10) sont disposées en aval des ouvertures de sortie (9') du troisième moyen (9) le long de la région de transition (6).
  8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures de sortie (10') du quatrième moyen (10) sont réalisées et orientées par rapport aux ouvertures de sortie (9') du troisième moyen (9) le long de la portion de transition (6) de telle sorte qu'un débordement par les ouvertures de sortie (9') du troisième moyen (9) du combustible délivré hors du quatrième moyen (10) ne se produise pas.
  9. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de tourbillon (1) se compose d'au moins deux coques coniques partielles creuses emboîtées l'une dans l'autre dans la direction d'écoulement, se complétant pour former un corps, en ce que la section transversale de l'espace interne formé par les coques coniques partielles creuses augmente dans la direction d'écoulement, en ce que les axes de symétrie longitudinaux respectifs de ces coques coniques partielles s'étendent de manière décalée l'un par rapport à l'autre de telle sorte que les parois adjacentes des coques coniques partielles forment, dans leur étendue longitudinale, des fentes tangentielles ou des canaux pour l'introduction d'air comburant dans l'espace interne formé par les coques coniques partielles.
  10. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de tourbillon se compose d'au moins deux coques partielles creuses emboîtées l'une dans l'autre dans la direction d'écoulement et se complétant pour former un corps, en ce que la section transversale de l'espace interne formé par les coques partielles creuses s'étend sous forme cylindrique ou quasiment cylindrique dans la direction d'écoulement, en ce que les axes de symétrie longitudinaux respectifs de ces coques partielles s'étendent de manière décalée l'un par rapport à l'autre de telle sorte que les parois adjacentes des coques partielles forment, dans leur étendue longitudinale, des fentes tangentielles ou des canaux pour l'introduction d'air comburant dans l'espace interne formé par les coques partielles, et en ce que l'espace interne présente un corps interne, dont la section transversale diminue dans la direction d'écoulement.
  11. Brûleur selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le corps interne s'étend sous forme conique ou quasiment conique dans la direction d'écoulement.
  12. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur pour un mode de combustion à prémélange comprenant un ou plusieurs combustibles, le brûleur étant équipé du côté de la tête d'un générateur de tourbillon (1) et présentant des moyens d'injection d'un combustible ainsi que des moyens d'introduction d'air comburant (L) dans le générateur de tourbillon (1), un premier moyen (3) assurant l'injection d'un combustible liquide (Bfl) et/ou d'un combustible gazeux (Bg) le long d'un axe du brûleur (A) et un deuxième moyen assurant l'injection de combustible liquide (Bfl) et/ou de combustible gazeux (Bg) le long de fentes d'entrée d'air (4) limitées tangentiellement par le générateur de tourbillon (1), le brûleur présentant, en aval du générateur de tourbillon (1), une portion de transition (6) s'y raccordant directement ainsi qu'un tube de mélange (8) se raccordant en aval à la portion de transition (6), le tube de mélange (8) débouchant dans une chambre de combustion (B) avec une transition de section transversale d'écoulement irrégulière, dans laquelle se forme une zone de reflux (RB), caractérisé en ce que le long de la portion de transition (6) agissent, sous forme de deux possibilités d'injection séparées, un troisième moyen (9) d'injection d'un combustible contenant de l'hydrogène ou constitué d'hydrogène ainsi qu'un quatrième moyen (10) d'injection d'un combustible contenant de l'hydrogène ou constitué d'hydrogène et/ou d'un combustible gazeux supplémentaire.
EP08854401.0A 2007-11-27 2008-11-07 Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion d'hydrogène dans un brûleur à prémélange Active EP2220433B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH18372007 2007-11-27
PCT/EP2008/065107 WO2009068424A1 (fr) 2007-11-27 2008-11-07 Procédé et dispositif pour la combustion d'hydrogène dans un brûleur à prémélange

Publications (2)

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EP2220433A1 EP2220433A1 (fr) 2010-08-25
EP2220433B1 true EP2220433B1 (fr) 2013-09-04

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US (1) US8066509B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2220433B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5574969B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101910723B (fr)
WO (1) WO2009068424A1 (fr)

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CN101910723A (zh) 2010-12-08
CN101910723B (zh) 2013-07-24
JP5574969B2 (ja) 2014-08-20
US20100266970A1 (en) 2010-10-21
EP2220433A1 (fr) 2010-08-25
JP2011504995A (ja) 2011-02-17
WO2009068424A1 (fr) 2009-06-04
US8066509B2 (en) 2011-11-29

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