EP2225423A1 - Élément composite en matériau cellulaire - Google Patents

Élément composite en matériau cellulaire

Info

Publication number
EP2225423A1
EP2225423A1 EP08845615A EP08845615A EP2225423A1 EP 2225423 A1 EP2225423 A1 EP 2225423A1 EP 08845615 A EP08845615 A EP 08845615A EP 08845615 A EP08845615 A EP 08845615A EP 2225423 A1 EP2225423 A1 EP 2225423A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
element according
composite element
plate
pulp composite
pulp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08845615A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2225423B1 (fr
Inventor
Lothar Betz
Willi Zehe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2225423A1 publication Critical patent/EP2225423A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2225423B1 publication Critical patent/EP2225423B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
    • E04C2002/3466—Corrugated sheets with sinusoidal corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3472—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets with multiple layers of profiled spacer sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pulp composite element for the dry construction of walls, ceilings and floors of buildings, which consists of thick sheets of cellulose-containing material with cavities enclosed therein.
  • Cellulose is more than 50% part of cell walls in plants, making it one of the most abundant organic compounds in the world.
  • the chemical formula is: (C 6 H 10 O S ) N.
  • cellulose is obtained as a so-called pulp by abrading from wood and serves as a raw material in the paper industry, the clothing industry and as a raw material for numerous other applications in other areas.
  • Cellulose has been known for centuries as an essential component of paper and board. It becomes clear under the microscope that the individual fibers are oriented in the most diverse directions and, like a nonwoven, are manifoldly interlinked. It follows that paper and cardboard can be loaded in the direction of their surface with relatively high tensile forces, but on the other hand can be curved perpendicular to the surface with relatively very low forces.
  • Strength can absorb a paper in its level ever higher compressive forces and is then called cardboard. From about 1, 5 mm thickness and a basis weight of about 600 g / m 2 , it is referred to as a cardboard.
  • the invention has the task of developing a structural element, which consists mainly of corrugated board and is also suitable for multi-storey building construction, can be produced on existing machines can be shipped with the usual means of transport and with the In drywall conventional tools can be installed in a short time and thus allows the production of cost-effective and energy-efficient, recyclable buildings.
  • the invention presents a pulp composite element in which each plate consists of several layers of sheets or thin plates glued together, several of which have the profile of a wave or meander and within this profile form numerous cavities and a plurality of plates are connectable.
  • the decisive element of the invention is therefore that the plate-shaped components for walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, stairs and other additions and extensions of a building construction consist almost exclusively of pulp which, as in principle, is used for corrugation.
  • cardboard known - consists of several, layered and glued together sheets. It is max. each second leaf profiled, either in the form of a wavy line or in the form of a meander, which arise by continuous Abwinkein a strip and that in turn follow two bifurcation directed to the right again two leftward bends and then again two right-hand bends
  • the angle preferably lies in the range of 90 degrees, but in principle can take any value greater than 0 and less than 180 degrees.
  • the key advantage of the Zeilstoffverbundense invention is that not necessarily some layers or the entire plate must be angled and kinked to join the plates.
  • the principle of the invention does not exclude that as a variant, for example, small tabs are formed, which are angled as mounting aid and inserted into corresponding slots of the adjacent plate.
  • the invention is by no means reliant on it.
  • a very interesting embodiment of the invention is that a panel connector is integrated directly into the end edges, which avoids the bending or bending of the layers, thus successfully eliminating the weakening of load carrying capacity and insulation caused by bending.
  • the pulp composite elements are designed as cuboidal plates, which are connected to each other by patch connecting strips.
  • These laterally applied tie strips are either sheet members which are adhered across the seam between two adjacent members and / or elongate fasteners such as screws extending through apertures in the composite pulp members.
  • Flat connection Extension stripes can be additionally secured by such elongated fasteners. This type of connection is additionally loaded by tensile forces, which would otherwise separate the two interconnected plates.
  • Adhesive layer which usually passes from outside to inside, does not conduct thermal particularly well and thus transfers unwanted heat into the interior.
  • the invention prefers alignment of the sheets parallel to the outer surface of the plates.
  • One advantage is that it passes through all the sheets from the panel connector at one edge to the opposite panel connector at the other side, whereby the panel is loaded with far higher compressive and tensile forces than when the blades are perpendicular to the outer surface.
  • a further advantage is that the open end faces of the profiled sheets are aligned only in the region of the plate connections and are covered there by the plate connection or by the adjacent plate.
  • the leaves of a composite pulp element according to the invention are oriented perpendicular to the outer surface.
  • One advantage is that such elements can be relatively easily formed into domed elements, even on the job site.
  • the stability of the composite element is less than parallel to the outer surface extending leaves.
  • the wave crests and wave troughs of the wavy profiled leaves should have an approximately equal width. It is also advantageous if they run parallel to each other. The same applies to the lines of the bend meander-shaped profiled
  • the preferred shape of a composite pulp element is likely to be the rectangle in practice, because this results in the most possible combinations, and because the vast majority of all building equipment as well as all building materials are matched to rectangular shapes.
  • the composite pulp elements according to the invention contain numerous, very small cavities over their cross-section.
  • the smaller the number of cavities and the greater the number of cavities over a given cross-section the more thermally insulating effect of a slab improves.
  • a further increase in the insulating effect can be achieved in that as many of the profiled sheets as possible are provided on at least one side with a heat-reflecting coating, such as an aluminum foil.
  • a heat-reflecting coating such as an aluminum foil.
  • Pulp is in principle not water-soluble and therefore well suited for use as a building material.
  • the adhesive for bonding the individual adhesive fibers and by appropriate additives and / or corresponding coatings of the fibers and / or the sheets and / or the components can be flame-retardant or hardly combustible and / or moisture-repellent or water-resistant and / or fungi-inhibiting (fungicide) and / or unfavorable to termites and / or biodegradable and / or electrically conductive.
  • Another useful reinforcement is a layer of net-like or textile material. When this layer is disposed on the outer surface or near the outer surface, it increases the resistance of the outer surface. In one embodiment, the filaments of this layer may be fed into the panel connector and connected to the panel connector. This configuration further increases the tensile strength of the plate.
  • Wires are led into the plate connection and there are connected to the wires of the adjacent Zellstoffverbundeiementes, also considerable tensile forces can be absorbed by the forest.
  • intermediate layers of metal These metal surfaces can be used as electrical shielding of the interior space when they are connected to similar metal surfaces in adjacent plates.
  • the intervening interlayers may contain additional functionalities, such as e.g. Take over heating or cooling.
  • a vapor barrier Depending on the desired structure of the wall, a vapor barrier
  • a cellulose composite element according to the invention in principle, it is readily possible for a cellulose composite element according to the invention to introduce an intermediate layer of any other material. Called metal, gypsum, fiber reinforced
  • the thickness of the layer, the positioning of this layer either near the inner wall or in the middle or near the outer wall and the selection of the intermediate material depends on the overall concept of the building and its physical design.
  • Another interesting alternative is to fill some cavities of one or more profiled layers with sand.
  • the sound-insulating effect of the element is further enhanced, the ratio between the weight increase and the achieved sound attenuation is particularly favorable, because a significant proportion of the energy contained in the sound pressure is intercepted by friction of the sand grains moved by the sound to each other.
  • some cavities of at least one profiled layer may be filled with an insulating material, thereby increasing the thermal resistance of the device and hence the insulating ability.
  • Another advantageous option is an air- and / or waterproof film surrounding the entire composite pulp element.
  • Insulation capacity of the element is significantly increased.
  • the separating film makes it possible for this air to be dried before it is introduced, so that little or no condensation water forms inside even in the event of temperature fluctuations.
  • voids or cavities for installation piping that can supply power, water, gas, air and more.
  • elements which contain openings for doors, windows, passages or other installations It is possible to incorporate these elements already in the production and to mount on the site only in the house together with the inventive composite pulp. These include doors, windows, pass-through, flaps, switch boxes, heating elements, cooling elements, lighting fixtures, electric switches, sanitary elements or wall cabinets.
  • a very simple form is a peripheral depression.
  • Such a depression can be introduced into a plate by means of material removing operations, such as cutting or milling. It is more interesting, however, to form the depression by constructing the plate from leaves of different sizes, because then no waste is created.
  • Edge region to make the profiling of some layers omitted, whereby the cross section is smaller in the edge region. It turns out that the following on a profiled layer layer in the edge region is stepped down on the non-profiled area down.
  • the edge-side depression can be formed not only as a notch, but also as a groove.
  • the Edge recess is formed complementary to the edge region of another similar plate.
  • a rebate of the adjacent plate projecting beyond the end edge is complementary to the peripheral recess of the one plate.
  • two adjacent plates each have a depression, which is filled flush with a connecting strip as a third element again, which protrudes in each case to a half in a plate or rests on a notch.
  • Such a type of connection is also possible in the exclusive use of identical plates, in which in each case opposite edges are formed complementary to each other and can be assembled like a building block in this way.
  • curved outer lines are also possible for the contour of the plates, it being sensible to have mutually complementary outer lines to be complementary to each other, so that all elements can be placed against each other without joints.
  • the panel connector function of the edge region is not only formed as a notch or groove, but is additionally reinforced by stiffening elements. These stiffeners can be glued, bolted, riveted, clamped or pressed with the leaves.
  • the material used for the reinforcing elements is mainly wood or wood-based material.
  • the reinforcing elements are formed as U-shaped frame, the legs facing inward and engage in both sides along the edge arranged recesses of the plate. If these edge strips are connected together to form a stable frame, they also allow the transmission of tensile forces through the plate.
  • the stiffening elements can be connected to the end edges of the
  • Glued sheets or by screws, clamps or other metal elements that extend across the leaves are connected to them.
  • a composite pulp element according to the invention can be installed in exactly the same way as could be done with plate elements which were previously customary in dry construction. So if, for example, the U-shaped stiffening at the edge of the plate is so narrow that with respect to the outer surface still remains a paragraph, - as mentioned - this paragraph can be filled with a connecting strip which protrudes with its other half over the notch of the remaining plate and away flush.
  • An inventive composite pulp element can on its
  • outside surface and / or its inner surface as weather protection and / or as a decoration and / or as a reinforcement with a variety of materials and materials.
  • trapezoidal sheet metal other metal sheets, shingles, roof panels, concrete slabs, ceramic tiles, wall tiles, plastic sheets, plastic elements, gypsum boards, wood panels, floor coverings, solar panels, relief embossing, wallpaper, decorative films, layers of paint and / or applied plaster on plaster.
  • elements of wood or wood-based material have been mentioned. These elements can be formed in a particularly lightweight and at the same time very stable alternative of three layers of wood, of which a first layer is undulating and connected to the wave crests a second, level wood layer and with the back of the troughs a third level wood layer is connected , so that numerous cavities form between the wood layers.
  • These wood elements are therefore constructed similar to the layers of the composite pulp element, but consist of much thicker layers. Therefore, they are also more resilient. This is counteracted by an increased effort, in particular for the shaping of the middle, undulating layer.
  • rollers or punches with a wavy surface are suitable. At high temperature and / or high humidity, they form a wooden plate undulating. Thereafter, the corrugated plate must be cooled and dried and then can be glued with flat wood panels, for example.
  • Pulp composite elements according to the invention are universally applicable in building construction for walls, facing shells, pre-walls, roofs, ceilings, floors, stairs, partitions and other sheet-like elements.
  • the individual plates are provided at the entire edge with a circumferential, rectangular notch, which can be filled with complementarily shaped connecting strip.
  • These connecting strips are preferably twice as wide as the peripherally encircling notches. As a result, they can be inserted into the two notches of two adjacent plates. If the depth of the indentation corresponds to the strength of the connection strips, the outer surface of the connection strips will be flush with the outer surface of the plates. The result is a flat outer surface of the wall, within which the plates are tensile and pressure-resistant connected by the connecting strips together.
  • a material for the connecting strip is wood or a
  • the connecting strip can be screwed and / or adhesively bonded to the reinforcing elements effectively.
  • nails, staples or connecting plates which have numerous, on both sides notched, triangular sheet metal tips, which are pressed in the manner of a nail between reinforcing element and connecting strip.
  • An advantageous application is z. B. a wall with vertical supports and / or horizontal bars of wood, metal or concrete, are fitted between the plates according to the invention.
  • pulp composite elements can carry all loads up to certain spans without additional support structure.
  • ceilings lesser span such. B. over corridors conceivable from pulp composite elements according to the invention.
  • an increase in the load capacity can be achieved in that the cross section of the ceiling is formed like a vault, i. in the middle of the ceiling has a smaller cross section than outwards.
  • ceiling elements are conceivable, which have a trapezoidal cross section, so that the ceiling forms a flat surface at its upper edge, but the lower edge is formed polygonal.
  • blankets are to span larger spans, panels according to the invention or entire composite pulp panels can be placed between or on the floor joists.
  • stair treads are possible, which, if they are of sufficient thickness, consist exclusively of composite pulp material.
  • the individual steps can be formed as trapezoidal in cross section elements.
  • L-shaped components which form the tread surface and the front edge of a step.
  • These elements can be inserted on both sides in wall elements.
  • they can also be placed on inclined beams as a support or inserted between them.
  • Figure 1 Perspective view of a cut plate
  • FIG. 2 a complete illustration of the cut in FIG
  • Figure 3 section through a ceiling-wall connection with the in
  • FIG. 1 shows, as part of a pulp composite element according to the invention, a plate 1.
  • a plate 1 consists of corrugated sheets 2 which are oriented crosswise and which are glued to each other with a flat sheet 2 as an intermediate layer.
  • FIG. 1 The embodiment shown in Figure 1 has a total of seven profiled sheets 2, which are profiled wavy here. Since they are aligned crosswise to one another, one sees in the sectional plane of FIG. 1 a total of three profiled leaves 2.
  • a third reinforcing element 5 is inserted and at least glued, but preferably pinned and / or screwed.
  • wood or a wood material is preferred, since it has been proven for the dry construction of buildings for centuries and therefore there is a very rich spectrum of experience and tools.
  • the volume of a plate 1 according to the invention consists of a very large number of rod-shaped cavities 3 which extend between the wave crests and the wave troughs of the profiled leaves 2.
  • the plate 1 shown in Figure 1 is drawn as a complete component.
  • Figure 2 makes it clear that the plate 1 is cuboid shaped in this example. All in the outer circumferential notch arranged reinforcing elements 5 are connected to the four pieces arranged on the front side, further reinforcing elements 5 to a U-shaped frame, which along all four Kan- th of the plate 1 rotates. On the surfaces of the plate 1 protrudes as a smaller cuboid ever a further layer of a wave-shaped profiled sheet 2 with a flat outer surface 11 out.
  • the edge is circumferential
  • FIG. 2 also makes it clear that with a very load-bearing connection of the total of twelve reinforcing elements 5 used here, the tensile strength of the plate connectors 4 is also high, since tensile forces acting on one reinforcing element 5 on one side extend over the two adjacent U-shaped reinforcing elements 5 are passed on to the applied side opposite reinforcing element 5 and exerts exclusively pressure forces on the inside of the plate 1 arranged corrugated cardboard elements.
  • FIG. 3 is drawn as the plates 1 presented in Figures 1 and 2 are completed to walls and ceilings and interconnected.
  • FIG. 3 shows two horizontal plates 1, of which the rear one is cut at a corner and thereby shows the 7 layers of profiled sheets 2 containing numerous cavities 3.
  • the lower, vertical plate 1 carries on its upper front side as a ceiling a horizontally arranged Nete plate 1, which rests with its downwardly pointing and parallel to the outer surface 11 extending reinforcing element 5 on the edge-side reinforcing element 5 of the vertical plate 1.
  • Figure 3 shows that the viewer facing outwardly facing part of the plate connector 4 of the lower vertical plate 1 forms a surface which is flush with the front edge of the horizontally placed plates 11, which in turn with the surface within the plate connector 4 of the two plates 1 of the upper floor is aligned.
  • Connecting strip 6 can be seen that it is screwed into the rectangular groove at the front edge of the (ceiling) plates 11. He is there screwed into the parallel reinforcing element 5 and protrudes forward over.
  • horizontal connecting strip 6 forms, together with the vertical end edge of the plate 1 and the top of the ceiling beam 7, a large groove into which the next, adjacent plate 1 is inserted and screwed.
  • the ceiling beam 7 is shown in this embodiment in a very powerful embodiment. It is conceivable that it is replaced by vertically arranged narrow wooden elements, which then carry the load of the horizontally arranged plates 1.
  • FIG 3 is shown as a variant for the T-shaped connection of plates 1 according to the invention that between two aligned, but spaced apart plates 1, a further, third plate 1 is interposed.
  • This form of T-shaped connection is particularly suitable for the integration of ceilings in walls. However, it is also possible to connect three hitting walls in this way.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément composite en matériau cellulaire pour la construction à sec de parois, plafonds et planchers de bâtiments, composé d'épais panneaux de matériau contenant du matériau cellulaire, renfermant des cavités. Chaque panneau est composé de plusieurs couches, collées les unes aux autres, de feuilles ou de panneaux fins, dont plusieurs présentent le profil d'une onde ou d'un méandre et forment une pluralité de cavités à l'intérieur du profilé. Plusieurs panneaux peuvent être connectés les aux autres.
EP08845615A 2007-11-03 2008-10-31 Élément composite en matériau cellulaire Active EP2225423B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007052596A DE102007052596A1 (de) 2007-11-03 2007-11-03 Zellstoffverbundelement
PCT/DE2008/001777 WO2009056117A1 (fr) 2007-11-03 2008-10-31 Élément composite en matériau cellulaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2225423A1 true EP2225423A1 (fr) 2010-09-08
EP2225423B1 EP2225423B1 (fr) 2012-10-24

Family

ID=40361754

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08845615A Active EP2225423B1 (fr) 2007-11-03 2008-10-31 Élément composite en matériau cellulaire

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20100313515A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2225423B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2011502221A (fr)
CN (1) CN101903606A (fr)
CA (1) CA2704293A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102007052596A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2010117519A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009056117A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014221425A1 (de) 2013-10-23 2015-04-23 Michael Egger Fertigbauelement, insbesondere für ein Gebäude, mit einem Grundkörper
DE202014011341U1 (de) 2013-10-23 2019-07-05 Michael Egger Fertigbauelement, insbesondere für ein Gebäude, mit einem Grundkörper
WO2018100058A1 (fr) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Johann Egger Élément de paroi

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DE112008003567A5 (de) 2010-09-30
RU2010117519A (ru) 2011-12-10
CA2704293A1 (fr) 2009-05-07
CN101903606A (zh) 2010-12-01
EP2225423B1 (fr) 2012-10-24
US20100313515A1 (en) 2010-12-16
DE102007052596A1 (de) 2009-05-07
WO2009056117A1 (fr) 2009-05-07
JP2011502221A (ja) 2011-01-20

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