EP2203728A2 - Absorbeur phonique - Google Patents

Absorbeur phonique

Info

Publication number
EP2203728A2
EP2203728A2 EP08841320A EP08841320A EP2203728A2 EP 2203728 A2 EP2203728 A2 EP 2203728A2 EP 08841320 A EP08841320 A EP 08841320A EP 08841320 A EP08841320 A EP 08841320A EP 2203728 A2 EP2203728 A2 EP 2203728A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
porous
different
sound absorber
absorber according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08841320A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2203728B1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Zickmantel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SilenceResearch GmbH
Original Assignee
SilenceResearch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SilenceResearch GmbH filed Critical SilenceResearch GmbH
Publication of EP2203728A2 publication Critical patent/EP2203728A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2203728B1 publication Critical patent/EP2203728B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Sch ⁇ ll ⁇ bsorber with the features of
  • porous materials are suitable for damping rooms.
  • Typical building materials can be found, for example, in acoustic ceilings.
  • the flow resistance of the porous absorber must therefore be selected that the sound wave can penetrate into this and the forced by the airborne sound particle motion is damped by friction in the material structure of the absorber. Excessively high flow resistances lead to reflection at the front layer of the absorber, whereas too low a penetration of the absorber without frictional losses.
  • Porous sound absorbers usually have a homogeneous, sound-absorbing layer. But there are also wedge-shaped structures, for example, for lining low-reflection rooms. Wedge-shaped structures are achieved by - to the space boundary surfaces - homogeneous rising flow resistance. The mixing ratio of air to fiber material, which forms the porous material, then grows steadily in the direction of the space boundary surface. The aim is to achieve uniformly high sound absorption over the entire frequency range. It is also possible to realize a wedge-shaped structure with the aid of foams in a simple manner approximately. It is known to thread fibrous or porous cubes in the wall towards increasing size and density of vertical wires. Between the individual distances are provided in this known solution.
  • foams could also be arranged in layers in order to realize a wedge-shaped structure, wherein from layer to layer in the direction of the space boundary surface the amount of material could increase and the pores in the material could decrease. From layer to layer, attention should then be paid to adapted flow conditions in order to minimize sound reflections at boundary layers and thus to approach the ideal wedge-shaped structure. The input impedances of the different layers would then be similar.
  • a sound absorber which comprises porous material consisting of fibers.
  • the fibers may be made of plastic or metal.
  • Porous material to be absorbed with the sound but may also consist of other materials such as foams, as the document DE 402751 1 C l can be seen. It is essential that it is an open-pored system. The sound should be able to penetrate into the porous material and be converted here into heat.
  • the porous material having closed pores include.
  • plate resonators In order to avoid a large volume of construction, alternatively so-called plate resonators are used.
  • a plate resonator is in the Publication DE 1 021 31 07 Al described.
  • the plate resonator known therefrom comprises a swingably mounted metal plate. The principle is based on the fact that the plate is set in motion, so that sound is converted into kinetic energy of the plate. Behind such a plate, a damping medium, such as air or other damping material is arranged. Here, the kinetic energy of the plate is converted into heat. Corresponding frequencies are absorbed in accordance with the set resonance frequency of such a plate resonator. It succeeds so to be able to absorb low frequencies despite low depth. However, such a plate resonator only absorbs certain frequencies according to the set resonance frequency. In addition, the plate resonator is relatively expensive due to the metal plate.
  • plate resonators are combined, for example, with foam materials, as can be found in the document WO 96/26331 Al.
  • the plate resonator is then adjusted so that low frequencies are filtered out.
  • the high frequencies are filtered out by the porous material.
  • a relatively large spectrum of frequencies is absorbed.
  • an additional cost of materials is required, which causes costs and increases the space requirement.
  • Helmholtz resonators are used. These include a perforated plate with a volume behind. It takes a relatively large volume of air behind a perforated plate to absorb low frequencies can. A Helmholtz resonator therefore consumes a relatively large amount of space. Also, a single Helmholtz resonator can only absorb a set relatively small frequency range. A Helmholtz resonator is apparent from the document DE 891 61 79 U l or from the document EP 1 5701 38 Al. Instead of perforated plates are also used in a Helmholtz resonator plates or films with micropores, as is known from the document DE 1 01 51 474 Al. There is an additional absorption at the edges of the micropores. This improves the effect of a Helmholtz resonator.
  • a sound absorber which comprises two different porous materials.
  • One of the two porous materials is chosen so that the sound absorber is mechanically stable.
  • the second porous material is chosen so that it is particularly inexpensive. So the manufacturing costs should be reduced.
  • this solution has the problem of having to provide a high depth, in order to absorb even low frequencies can.
  • a sound absorber which has a plurality of porous layers or regions. No air gaps remain between the porous layers or areas. The transition from a porous layer to an adjacent porous layer is accompanied by an impedance discontinuity. This means that the input impedance or the input resistance of a porous region is different from the
  • Input impedance of an adjacent porous region so clearly different that in this way low frequencies below 600 Hz, preferably below 500 Hz are absorbed. In particular, will Sound with a frequency of less than 600 Hz at least 50%, preferably at least 80% absorbed.
  • the invention is achieved so that at least 50% of the sound with frequencies in the particular region of interest between ca. 200 to approx. 700 Hz is absorbed, preferably at least 80%.
  • This information applies throughout the entire frequency range mentioned.
  • sound is absorbed with all audible frequencies from 250 Hz to at least 80%. In particular, this succeeds even with a maximum of 1 0 cm thick, surface mounted on a wall or ceiling claimant absorber.
  • the claimed absorber comprises in one embodiment, no other components such as plates and the like.
  • a different sound propagation velocity in different porous layers or a different input resistance is regularly present when the densities, the flow resistances or the porosities of two porous layers or regions are different. If a porous layer differs from another porous layer only by the density, porosity or flow resistance, then the two porous layers necessarily have a different input resistance. Other parameters such as compression hardness and tensile strength of a porous layer also affect the input impedance.
  • thermal frictional effect in the porous material is desired, especially to absorb even higher frequencies.
  • the thermal frictional effect which forms the basis of conventional porous sound absorbers, is according to the invention but only one column of the absorptive mechanism of action. Above all, the effect known in physics as refraction is exploited. At the boundary layer between two materials of different input resistances, for example due to a different density or different flow resistances, an impedance jump occurs. This leads to a phase jump of the sound wave, so that a sound absorption effect is made possible.
  • An absorber according to the present invention thus consists of at least two, preferably at least three, porous layers or regions which are different. It is essential that the boundary layer between the layers or areas be such that they are connected to an impedance discontinuity.
  • the impedance jumps are suitable to choose large, in order to absorb low frequencies well.
  • an impedance jump may not be so great that sound no longer passes from one material to the other material.
  • Regularly a large impedance jump is achieved when the densities of two adjacent porous layers or regions differ widely, preferably by at least 20 kg / m 3 or when the flow resistances differ widely, preferably by at least 5 kPa s / m 2 .
  • the present invention abandons the idea of uniformly absorbing a frequency spectrum.
  • the problem is the low frequencies. To absorb high frequencies is relatively easy and inexpensive. By or the impedance jumps can be achieved that low frequencies can be absorbed very well. The greater an impedance jump, the lower the frequencies that can be absorbed.
  • a sound absorber according to the present invention consists of several different porous layers or regions, so that different sized impedance jumps occur. This ensures that low frequencies are absorbed broadband. There are several different layers with boundary layers that are always the same
  • Foams have the advantage of having a rigid skeletal structure. Overall, such a rigid skeleton structure, it is additionally excited to vibrate. This causes additional absorption.
  • Such an entry region usually comprises openings through which the sound can pass into the porous material.
  • the entrance area may be formed by a plate or foil with holes or a perforation. This is adjacent to the material with the relatively large input resistance. Behind this, there is one or more porous areas with lower input resistance.
  • a sound absorber for this reason at the beginning of the absorber to a semi-closed porous material. Fully open-pore materials are then spatially located behind the semi-closed porous material. The desired absorption of low frequencies is achieved particularly well.
  • the various porous layers or regions are preferably pressed together in the claimed sound absorber.
  • they are housed, for example, in a suitably sized box or housing.
  • the box or the housing is at an entrance side for Sound sealed with a porous or holey surface.
  • the porous layers are then under pressure and thus pressed in the box.
  • a box or housing which is acoustically permeable not only from a front side, but also laterally, so that sound can also easily penetrate laterally into the porous material.
  • edge diffraction effects are exploited, which additionally provide for absorption.
  • the sound absorption is further optimized.
  • an embodiment of the invention in which are provided in a box or housing front and side holes for the penetration of sound waves.
  • porous layers are preferably not only stacked on top of each other, but also laterally against an already existing layer system.
  • impedance jumps This ensures that sound which penetrates laterally into a box is absorbed not only due to edge absorption, but also as a result of phase jumps on boundary layers.
  • the porous system consists of a plurality of cubes, cuboids or the like, which are adjacent to each other and one above the other.
  • the materials of the cubes etc. are chosen such that large impedance jumps between the boundary layers in the sense of the present invention are present at least regularly. This ensures that sound that moves through the porous material is constantly confronted with large impedance jumps. Irrespective of the angle at which or from which side sound penetrates into the absorber, it always passes through boundary layers with large impedance jumps. This allows variable geometries of the absorber. Its shape can then be adapted to the shape of niches and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is intended to illustrate why porous absorber according to the prior art must have a high overall depth in order to absorb even low frequencies satisfactorily.
  • the dotted line a) shows the wavelength of a sound wave having a low frequency, which strikes a space boundary surface 2 after passing through a porous layer 1.
  • the maximum speed of sound lies outside of the porous layer 1 acting as a sound absorber.
  • the low frequency is hardly absorbed.
  • the fast maximum 3 lies within the porous layer 1, as the dashed line b) illustrates. Sound with the wavelength b) is therefore absorbed optimally. From this it is clear that a porous absorber must be very thick or must have a large overall depth if the absorption is based solely on the porosity of the material 1 and also low frequencies are to be absorbed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment.
  • a porous absorber layer 1a ie a region of porous material
  • the input resistance is therefore small.
  • a porous absorber layer 1 b with small pores.
  • the input resistance of this absorber layer is large.
  • an impedance jump with which an absorption of low frequencies below 500 Hz is achieved.
  • a layer I a is present, which has large pores.
  • a layer I c with medium-sized pores and a medium input resistance.
  • Figure 3 shows another structure of the various aforementioned porous layers 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, which are pressed against a wall 2 by a housing, not shown.
  • a plate which is anchored, for example by means of rods in the wall. If, as in the case of FIG. 3, sound can enter through the plate, then the plate is provided with bores.
  • the porous layers are arranged exclusively parallel to the wall 2.
  • the entry region begins with a layer 1 b, which is provided with small pores and has a greater input resistance or input impedance compared to the layers I a and 1 c arranged behind it in the direction of the wall.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further possible embodiment.
  • the various porous layers I a, I b and I c lie horizontally one above the other and are pressed against a wall 2.
  • the sound also
  • the sound is particularly reliably passed through many different boundary layers with impedance jumps.
  • Such an embodiment is preferable when, for example, a sound absorber is to be placed behind an object such as a cabinet, since in such an arrangement, entry from the front is obstructed by the object.
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment in which the absorbing region consists of a plurality of porous rectangles 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, which are arranged one above the other and next to each other so that in each
  • a corresponding housing in which the porous rectangles are located, is then preferably designed such that sound can enter the housing from the front, from both sides, from above and from below. However, it can also satisfy an anchored plate again to fix the porous areas and visually shield.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a particularly preferred embodiment, which is arranged behind a cabinet 4.
  • the various porous areas I a, I b and I c are vertically aligned, adjacent to a wall 2 and reach to the bottom on which the cabinet 4 stands. If sound penetrates laterally as indicated by the arrows 5 into the porous regions I a, I b or I c, then the sound passes through interfaces with impedance jumps which cause the absorption of low frequencies. If the sound penetrates from above along the arrow 6, sound does not necessarily pass through
  • the claimed sound absorber is used, for example, in modern interior design. Especially in the age of increased communication needs and high levels of telecommunications, human speech is the major source of disability at work. The optimization of the room acoustics of office administration or open-plan offices must therefore take place under the aspects of the human language spectrum.
  • FIG. 7 a shows the typical male and female speech spectrum of humans. It becomes clear that high sound pressure levels in the frequency range between approx. 100 and approx. 700 Hz occur, which can be extensively damped with the absorber according to the invention already at depths of 20 cm, but also of only 1 0 cm.
  • FIG. 7b illustrates the perception of the human spectrum as a function of the masking threshold of 60 dB. Accordingly, it is especially in rooms where sound is generated by human voices as in open - plan offices or banks on it, sound with frequencies from approx. 200 Hz until at least approx. To absorb 700 Hz extensively. This is achieved by the claimed absorber and is even superior to a plate resonator in this particularly interesting frequency range.
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment in which the various porous layers I a, I b, I c rest on a perforated, suspended ceiling 7, which is mounted below a ceiling 8 with suspensions 9.
  • the sound absorber can be installed in partitions, but also on the front of furniture pieces in a particularly inconspicuous manner. It can be attached to walls or ceilings, such as behind perforated panels that are attached to the wall or ceiling and that press the various porous areas against a wall or ceiling. It can be installed in lintel areas or buildings, as its shape can be adapted very variably to the available space. It can be housed inconspicuously behind thermally functional wall or ceiling elements.
  • FIG. 9 shows results achieved with a sound absorber according to the invention in comparison to a plate resonator.
  • the measurements were carried out in a reverberation room with statistical sound incidence according to DIN EN ISO 354. In statistical sound incidence, it is assumed that the sound pressure incident on a measuring microphone or on a boundary surface of all angles of incidence is the same and also independent of location.
  • Curve a) shows the measured result for a porous cover plate resonator, the structure of which is shown in FIG.
  • the plate resonator shown in FIG. 10 comprises a porous covering layer 10 with a thickness of 0.03 m, a length-specific flow resistance of 4.7 kPas / m 2 and a density of 20 kg / m 3 .
  • a metal plate 11 with a thickness of 0.001 m and a density of 7800 kg / m 3 .
  • a porous layer 12 with a thickness of 0.07 m, a length-specific flow resistance of 11, 5 kPas / m 2 and a density of 40 kg / m 3 arranged.
  • the porous layer 12 adjoins a reverberant wall 13.
  • the other curve shown in FIG. 9 relates to a sound absorber according to the invention, the basic structure of which is shown in FIG.
  • the sound absorber consists of five different porous foam layers 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, which adjoin a reverberant wall 13.
  • both the plate resonator and the absorber according to the invention were housed in a same housing 19, which consisted of a sheet steel frame with small perforated front.
  • Curve b) in FIG. 9 illustrates the absorption as a function of the frequency for a sound absorber according to the invention with impedance jumps between the individual layers, the individual layers 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 having the following properties:
  • Air permeability> 350 mmWS Density 76 kg / m 3
  • Tensile strength 1 31 kPa
  • the air permeability represents a measure of the flow resistance.
  • the layer 1 5 is not an open-pored foam, but a semi-closed one.
  • the plate resonator (curve a) is still slightly superior to the sound absorber according to the invention. This changes however already from frequencies of approx. 1 50 Hz. In the area of the largest Publasst, however, the absorber according to the invention is superior to the plate resonator, and in most cases very clearly.
  • the absorber according to the invention can therefore not only cheaper compared be made for Pl ⁇ ttenreson ⁇ tor. It is also much better suited to absorbing in rooms such sounds caused by human speech.
  • the sound absorber according to the invention succeeded in absorbing the sound of more than 80%, even at low frequencies of less than 500 HZ.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention vise à mettre en oeuvre un absorbeur phonique économique, de construction fine. A cet effet, celui-ci comporte une pluralité de couches ou zones poreuses de densités ou de résistances à l'écoulement différentes. Les interfaces entre les différentes couches poreuses, accompagnées de variations d'impédance, jouent un rôle important. Des conditions de résistance à l'écoulement homogénéisées et adaptées sont à éviter. L'effet de friction thermique est certes souhaité dans le matériau poreux, surtout pour absorber les fréquences supérieures, mais il ne constitue qu'une composante du mécanisme d'action absorptif selon l'invention. L'effet connu sous le nom de réfraction est par ailleurs employé. Une variation d'impédance brusque se produit sur l'interface entre deux matériaux de densités ou de résistances à l'écoulement différentes. Ceci entraîne un saut de phase de l'onde sonore de manière à permettre un effet d'absorption phonique. Dans le cas de transitions changeant fréquemment et de matériaux poreux ayant des impédances d'entrée différentes respectivement adaptées, il est possible d'obtenir des degrés d'absorption phonique nettement plus élevés dans le domaine des fréquences basses, notamment entre 100 Hz et 500 Hz, par rapport à des couches absorbantes exclusivement poreuses ayant des résistances à l'écoulement homogènes ou croissantes en continu.
EP08841320.8A 2007-10-24 2008-10-21 Absorbeur phonique Not-in-force EP2203728B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007000568A DE102007000568A1 (de) 2007-10-24 2007-10-24 Schallabsorber
PCT/EP2008/064183 WO2009053349A2 (fr) 2007-10-24 2008-10-21 Absorbeur phonique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2203728A2 true EP2203728A2 (fr) 2010-07-07
EP2203728B1 EP2203728B1 (fr) 2016-05-25

Family

ID=40489991

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08841320.8A Not-in-force EP2203728B1 (fr) 2007-10-24 2008-10-21 Absorbeur phonique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US8631899B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2203728B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101911179A (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0818884A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007000568A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2495500C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009053349A2 (fr)

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CN111028821B (zh) * 2018-10-09 2022-08-19 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 一种用于激振设备的减振吸声装置
CN109767748B (zh) * 2018-12-12 2023-10-27 江苏贝泰福医疗科技有限公司 一种耳道内分频段调节噪声滤波的主动降噪方法和装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0818884A2 (pt) 2015-05-05
WO2009053349A2 (fr) 2009-04-30
RU2010117344A (ru) 2011-11-27
US8631899B2 (en) 2014-01-21
US20100307866A1 (en) 2010-12-09
WO2009053349A3 (fr) 2010-06-17
EP2203728B1 (fr) 2016-05-25
DE102007000568A1 (de) 2009-04-30
RU2495500C2 (ru) 2013-10-10
CN101911179A (zh) 2010-12-08

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