EP2184540A1 - Air-cooled grate block - Google Patents
Air-cooled grate block Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2184540A1 EP2184540A1 EP08019348A EP08019348A EP2184540A1 EP 2184540 A1 EP2184540 A1 EP 2184540A1 EP 08019348 A EP08019348 A EP 08019348A EP 08019348 A EP08019348 A EP 08019348A EP 2184540 A1 EP2184540 A1 EP 2184540A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grate
- wall
- cooling channel
- section
- block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
- F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H17/00—Details of grates
- F23H17/12—Fire-bars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
- F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
- F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a grate block as part of a grate for a plant for thermal treatment of waste.
- the heart of a waste incineration plant is the combustion grate.
- the waste such as household waste, is transported from one end of the combustion grate to the other end of the combustion grate.
- the oxygen required for the combustion of the residues is contained in sufficient amount in the air.
- the air also called primary air, is thereby pressed from below through the combustion grate and thus fed to the firing chamber with the residues to be incinerated.
- stair grate One type of the various known types of combustion grate is the so-called stair grate.
- a stair grate comprises juxtaposed and firmly connected grate blocks, which form the individual grate block rows.
- the successive grate block rows are staggered to each other and lie with their combustion chamber facing the front walls of the grate blocks, which form the grate block rows on each other.
- Some of the rows of grate blocks, for example every other, are movably arranged. By the lifting movement of this movably arranged grate block rows of the residue is transported to the following in the transport direction grate block row.
- the residues burned in an incinerator mentioned above are very different.
- the spectrum ranges from household waste to commercial waste right through to the actual Fuels, such as wood in the form of sawdust, biomass and the like.
- the calorific value of these residues is, depending on the nature of the residue, naturally very different. However, there are also large fluctuations in the calorific value within a type of residue. These strong fluctuations in the calorific value also result in strong fluctuations in the thermal and mechanical loading of the combustion grate or of the individual grate blocks.
- the combustion grates or the individual grate blocks can be sufficiently cooled with air (primary air).
- air primary air
- combustion grates with water-cooled grate blocks are known from the prior art. Sufficient cooling of the grate blocks is very important, otherwise there is a risk of melting the combustion grate.
- EP 1 191 282 describes a grate block, which has a cooling space for water on its side facing away from the firebox.
- EP 1 219 898 discloses a grate block with a cooling element mounted below the support surface for the waste. Again, water is used for cooling.
- DE 10 2004 032 291 discloses an air-cooled grate plate with below the top of the grate plate is formed a flow channel.
- combustion grates Although with water cooled grate blocks a means is available that allows the production of efficiently cooled combustion grates, such combustion grates have the disadvantage that both their Production and the subsequent process engineering effort is much higher than in combustion grates, which are composed of air-cooled grate blocks.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a grate block available that has at least as good wear resistance and thus an equal long life compared to water-cooled grate block and at the same time avoids its disadvantages of high production and process engineering effort.
- the inventive grate block has the features according to claim 1.
- the grate block has a block body, which is designed as a cast part.
- the block body has an upper wall forming a support surface and a front wall to which a foot is formed.
- the grate block is part of a grate for the thermal treatment of waste.
- the grate blocks are arranged one above the other like a staircase and the individual grate blocks lie with the formed on the front wall foot on the support surface formed by the upper wall of the subsequent grate block (staircase).
- the waste to be treated thermally also rests on this bearing surface formed by the upper wall.
- the rust may have a tendency.
- This inclination is in a range of 0 ° to 26 °, preferably in the range of 10 ° to 18 ° relative to an imaginary horizontal plane.
- a wall inlet On a bottom of the upper wall is a wall inlet arranged. This wall inlet lies on the side of the upper wall facing away from the firebox.
- a first cooling channel section extends through the upper wall and the front wall to an outlet opening arranged in the front wall. Adjacent to the front wall and the foot formed thereon, an inlet opening is arranged. From the inlet opening is a cooling passage wall, which is spaced from the front wall and the upper wall, and forms at the wall inlet with the first cooling passage portion fluidly connected second cooling passage portion.
- the first cooling channel section and the second cooling channel section together form a cooling channel, which shows a substantially S-shaped profile in longitudinal section.
- the cross-section or the cross-sectional area of the first cooling passage section and of the second cooling passage section-and thus of the substantially S-shaped cooling passage- is constant in the simplest embodiment.
- the cross section can also vary.
- the grate block according to the invention allows the use of gaseous cooling media, in particular air, even in the thermal treatment of residues with a higher calorific value (> 10MJ / kg). Water cooling, which is often required for higher calorific value residues, is eliminated.
- the grate block according to the invention makes possible an excellent and differentiated cooling of those points of the grate block which are thermally exposed to the greatest loads. This is very advantageous because, in the case of cooling with air, the primary air available for cooling is limited. Furthermore, the primary air used for cooling is around 120 ° C heated to 150 ° C, which is why it can be dispensed with (previously required) preheating the primary air.
- the grate block according to the invention achieves excellent, ie long, service lives which are comparable to the service lives of water-cooled grate blocks.
- first cooling passage section and the second cooling passage section have a varying cross-section.
- cross-section the cross-sectional area of the first and second cooling channel section is designated.
- the shape of the cross-sectional area may be different. Possible cross-sectional shapes are rectangular, quadrangular, polygonal, e.g. a flattened hexagon, circular or oval.
- the heat removal of the gaseous cooling medium denotes the amount of heat dissipated by the cooling medium per time.
- the heat dissipation depends inter alia on the flow velocity of the cooling medium relative to its surroundings, in the present case of the first and the second cooling channel section. It is greater, the higher the flow velocity of the cooling medium.
- the cross-sectional area can be smaller or larger.
- the flow velocity of a gaseous cooling medium preferably the primary air
- increases which results Increased heat removal by the gaseous cooling medium leads to higher cooling.
- Increased heat removal means that the gaseous cooling medium absorbs a larger amount of heat from its surroundings and, due to the increased flow velocity due to the reduced cross-sectional area, dissipates it.
- the cooling can be tailored to the particular thermal load of the individual grate block area.
- the front wall of the grate block can be specifically intensified cooled.
- the flow velocity of the gaseous cooling medium e.g. the primary air
- the heat dissipation achieved This makes it possible to work with a limited amount of cooling medium, e.g. Primary air to cool even less thermally stressed areas of the grate block, whereby the cooling is improved overall.
- the block body has a rib extending in the longitudinal direction of the block body.
- the rib is formed on the upper wall and the front wall and arranged substantially perpendicular thereto. The rib increases the stability of the grate block.
- the rib is a central rib, ie, it is centered in the transverse direction of the block body.
- the arrangement of the rib in simplifies the production of the cast-iron grate blocks according to the invention, since identical half-shells can be used.
- the first cooling passage section and the second cooling passage section connected to the latter extend over the entire length of the upper wall of the grate block according to the invention. This achieves cooling of the grate block over the entire length of the upper wall.
- first cooling passage section and the second cooling passage section may extend over only a part of the length of the upper wall.
- the first cooling channel section and the second cooling channel section preferably extend over 10% to 90%, particularly preferably over 30% to 70%, of the length of the upper wall of the grate block.
- the cross section of the second cooling passage section increases from the inlet opening to the wall inlet.
- the cross section of the first cooling passage section decreases in size from the wall inlet to the outlet opening.
- the change in cross section can be done both continuously and in discrete stages.
- a continuous change in cross section results, for example, when the first and / or the second cooling channel section has a conical section.
- the grate block on the rib preferably a central rib, integrally formed and substantially perpendicularly projecting from this deflecting webs. These deflecting webs are arranged offset to one another.
- the deflection webs form a meandering channel, which is flow-connected to the second cooling channel section at the inlet opening.
- a channel inlet opening in this case has a position that is dependent on a relative position of the grate block to a subsequent in a direction L grate block.
- the direction L corresponds to the conveying direction of the waste in the longitudinal direction of the grate.
- the waste passes through different zones, starting with the drying zone at the end of the grate over the combustion zone up to the burn-out zone at the other end of the grate opposite the drying zone.
- the upper wall of the grate block on its combustion chamber facing the side of trough-shaped depressions.
- the trough-shaped depressions are located in an area of the upper wall, which is adjacent to the front wall of the grate block. In this area, waste or slag is constantly on during operation of the grate, which means a strong thermal load.
- burnt waste or slag collects in these trough-shaped depressions.
- the burnt waste or slag forms an insulating layer between the top wall and the firebox, thus reducing the heat input from the firebox to the grate block
- the grate blocks according to the invention can be used in a grate.
- a grate preferably comprises only grate blocks according to the invention.
- a grate usually has a plurality of stationary grate block rows and movable grate block rows.
- This grate block rows are formed by a plurality of juxtaposed and mounted on a block holder tube grate blocks, wherein the grate blocks arranged side by side are firmly connected.
- the stationary and movable grate block rows are arranged alternately and in steps. In this case, both the stationary and the movable grate block rows are formed by grate blocks according to the invention.
- block holder tubes While the block holder tubes are mounted from fixed grate block rows to stationary consoles, block holder tubes are associated with movable grate carriages of movable grate block rows. These grate carriages are driven for example by means of hydraulic cylinders and thereby moved back and forth about roles. As a result, the movable grate block rows are also moved and thus exert a shear and shear action on the resting on the grate waste. Thus, the waste is on the one hand circulated, which are always exposed to new waste parts of the thermal treatment in the firing space. On the other hand Thus, a steady forward promotion of waste in the direction of a grate end is achieved.
- Fig. 1 shows a grate block according to the invention with a block body 5, which is designed as a casting.
- the block body 5 has an upper wall 10, which forms a bearing surface 15, and a front wall 20.
- a foot 25 is formed to the front wall 20, a foot 25 is formed.
- the foot 25 is intended to rest relatively slidably on the support surface 15 of a subsequent grate block 1.
- the outlet opening 45 is directed obliquely downward, ie in the direction of the support surface 15 of the subsequent grate block 1.
- Adjacent to the foot 25 and to the front wall 20 is an inlet opening 50 from which a cooling channel wall 55 spaced from the front wall 20 and the top wall 10 forms a second cooling channel section 60 fluidly connected to the wall inlet 35 with the first cooling channel section 40.
- the first and second cooling channel sections (40, 60) do not extend over the entire length of the upper wall 10.
- the cross-section or cross-sectional area of the in Fig. 1 shown first cooling passage portion 40 and the second cooling passage portion 60 varies in the course of the two cooling passage sections. However, the cross section can also be kept constant.
- the grate block according to the invention has, for example, the following dimensions, a length of 500 mm to 700 mm, a height of approximately 150 mm and a width of approximately 100 mm.
- Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the inventive grate block.
- the grate block has a rib 65, a rear wall 75.
- the rib 65 is formed on the front wall 20, the upper wall 10, the cooling channel wall 55 and the rear wall 75 and arranged substantially perpendicular thereto.
- the rib 65 extends from the front wall 20 to the rear wall 75.
- the rear wall 75 is provided with a hook 80.
- the grate block 1 is mounted on a block holder tube (not shown here).
- the grate block 1 has on the circumference no exact cuboid shape. Rather, it is chamfered at the collision of the upper wall 10 with the front wall 20.
- Fig. 3 shows a further modified embodiment of the inventive grate block 1.
- the upper wall 10 and the front wall 20 have circumferentially turn on a chamfer, which is extended by a nose 85 on the firebox 2 facing outer side 21 of the front wall 20 addition.
- the nose 85 thus protrudes the outer side 21 of the front wall 20 addition.
- the outlet opening 45 is substantially vertically downwards in the direction of the support surface 15 of a subsequent grate block. 1
- Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a grate block 1 with a block body 5.
- the block body 5 has a front wall 20, an upper wall 10 and a rear wall 75 on.
- To the front wall 20 is a foot 25 and to the rear wall 75, a hook 80 is formed.
- a first cooling channel section 40 extends through the top wall 10 and the front wall 20 to an outlet opening 45.
- the first and second cooling channel sections (40, 60) extend over only a portion of the length of the top wall 10. In the illustrated embodiment, they extend approximately over half the length of the top wall 10, and thus over a region of higher thermal stress ,
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a grate block according to the invention analogous to that in FIG Fig. 4 shown embodiment.
- the first cooling channel section 40 and the second cooling channel section 60 extend only over an area adjacent to the front wall 20 of approximately one third of the length of the front wall 10.
- Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of a grate block according to the invention 1.
- the formed as a cast block body 5 has an upper wall 10, which forms a support surface 15, and a front wall 20, wherein the front wall 20, a foot 25 is formed.
- the foot 25 is intended to rest relatively slidably on the support surface 15 of a subsequent grate block 1.
- the outlet opening 45 is directed obliquely downward, ie in the direction of the support surface 15 of the subsequent grate block 1.
- Adjacent to the foot 25 and to the front wall 20 is an inlet opening 50 from which a cooling channel wall 55 spaced from the front wall 20 and the top wall 10 forms a second cooling channel section 60 fluidly connected to the wall inlet 35 with the first cooling channel section 40.
- the first and second cooling channel sections (40, 60) extend only over approximately the front third of the length of the top wall 10.
- the cross-section or cross-sectional area of the in Fig. 6 shown first cooling passage portion 40 and the second cooling passage portion 60 varies in the course of the two cooling passage sections. Starting from the inlet opening 50, the second cooling channel section 60 has a narrow cross-section along the front wall 20, which then widens several times towards the wall inlet 35.
- the block body 5 also has a rib 65 which is formed on the front side 20, the upper side 10 and a rear side 75 and arranged substantially perpendicular thereto.
- the rear wall 75 is also equipped with a hook 80 in this embodiment.
- a Umlenksteg 70 is formed, which is arranged substantially perpendicular to the rib 65.
- a total of 5 deflecting webs 70 are present, which run obliquely downwards in a direction L from above.
- the direction L also corresponds to the conveying direction of the waste resting on the bearing surface 15 (not shown).
- the deflecting webs 70 are arranged alternately offset. That is, the deflecting webs 70 are formed either with its upper end on the underside 30 of the upper wall 10 or with its upper end so spaced from the lower side 30 of the upper wall 10, so that the lower end 72 of the Umlenkstege 70 with the bottom surface 26 of the foot 25 is in a plane.
- Fig. 7 shows a cross section through a grate block according to the invention 1.
- the block body 5 has an upper wall 10 with a support surface 15 and a bottom 30 and a rib 65. Through the upper wall 10 extends a first cooling passage portion 40. The spaced from the upper wall 10 cooling passage wall 55 forms together with this upper wall 10 a second cooling passage portion 60. In the embodiment shown, the rib 65 is centrally located.
- Fig. 8 shows a further cross section through a grate block 1.
- the block body 5 only the upper wall 10 with the extending through the upper wall 10 first cooling channel portion 40, which is divided as shown here in cross section in 4 smaller cooling channel sections, and from the upper wall 10 spaced cooling channel wall 55 and the second cooling channel portion 60 visible.
- the rib 65 which in turn is disposed in the center of the block body 5 and substantially perpendicular thereto.
- Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of a grate block 1 according to the present invention.
- the block body 5 in turn has a support surface 15 forming an upper wall 10 with a bottom 30, a spaced from the upper wall 10 cooling channel wall 55 and a centrally disposed rib 65. Also visible are the first cooling passage section 40 extending through the upper wall 10 and the second cooling passage section 60 formed by the cooling passage wall 55 and the upper wall 10.
- the upper wall has a trough-shaped depression 90. This recess 90 extends as shown in Fig. 14a can be seen, only over approximately the front third of the grate block 1. In this trough-shaped depression slag accumulates, resulting in a shielding of the grate block relative to the hearth 2. In the area of this shield, the thermal load of the grate block 1 by a reduced heat input is smaller.
- Fig. 10 shows with three juxtaposed grate blocks 1 according Fig. 7 a section of a grate block row in cross section.
- the first cooling passage portion 40 and the second cooling passage portion 60 become formed together by two adjacent grate blocks 1.
- the second cooling passage portion 60 is formed by the cooling passage wall 55 spaced from the upper wall 10 together with this upper wall 10.
- the lateral boundary of both the first cooling channel section 40 and the second cooling channel section 60 is formed by the ribs 65 of two adjacent grate blocks 1, which are arranged substantially centrally relative to the individual grate block.
- Fig. 11 shows with three juxtaposed grate blocks 1 according Fig. 8 a section of a grate block row in cross section. Visible are the block body 5 of each of the three grate blocks 1 shown, the upper wall 10, the spaced therefrom cooling channel wall 55 and the turn substantially centrally disposed rib 65.
- the first cooling channel section 40 extends through the upper wall 10. Also visible is again the breakdown of first cooling duct section into 4 smaller cooling duct sections which extend through the upper wall 10 and through the front wall 20 and open into the outlet openings arranged in this front wall 20.
- the second cooling channel section 60 is formed jointly by two adjacent grate blocks 1.
- Fig. 12 shows with three juxtaposed grate blocks 1 according Fig. 9 a section of a grate block row in cross section.
- the first cooling passage section 40 and the second cooling passage section 60 are jointly formed by two adjacently arranged block bodies 5 of the grate blocks 1.
- the second cooling passage portion 60 is formed by the cooling passage wall 55 spaced from the top wall 10 and the top wall 10.
- the lateral boundary of both the first cooling channel section 40 and the second cooling channel section 60 is formed by the ribs 65 of two adjacent grate blocks 1, which are arranged substantially centrally relative to the individual grate block.
- the trough-shaped depression 90 in the upper wall 10 of the block body 5 is also visible.
- the Figures 13a, 13b and 13c show in cross section four step-like successively arranged grate block rows 100, 101, 102 and 103, each comprising a plurality of juxtaposed grate blocks 1.
- the illustrated embodiment of the grate blocks 1 corresponds to that of Fig. 6 ,
- the grate block rows 100 and 102 are fixed grate block rows, while the grate block rows 101 and 103 are arranged to be movable.
- the grate blocks 1 of the movable grate block rows 101 and 103 are in the Figs. 13a, 13b and 13c to be seen in different positions.
- grate blocks 1 of the movable grate block rows 101 and 103 are the grate blocks 1 of the movable grate block rows 101 and 103 in the direction L, which corresponds to the conveying direction of the waste, maximally extended.
- a meandering channel 110 is formed by the Umlenkstege 70 of the grate blocks 1 of the movable grate block rows 101 and 103 with a channel inlet opening 115 through which the gaseous cooling medium, for example, the primary air flows.
- Fig. 13b the grate blocks 1 of the movable rows of grate blocks 101 and 103 are shown in the direction L in a central position, which is located between the in Fig. 13a shown maximum extended position and the in Fig. 13c shown in is located to the direction L opposite direction maximum retracted position.
- both the length of the meandering channel 110 and the position of the channel inlet opening 115 changes.
- the grate blocks 1 of the movable grate block rows 101 and 103 are always cooled in the area exposed to the waste in the firing space 2.
- Fig. 14a shows a grate block row consisting of four adjacent grate blocks 1 in a perspective view.
- the upper wall 15 forming a bearing surface 15, the front wall 20 and the foot 25 formed thereon are visible.
- the rear wall 75 provided with a hook 80 and the rib 65 centrally located relative to the individual grate block 1.
- the cooling channel wall 55 spaced from an inlet opening 50 from the front wall 20 and the top wall 10 extends to a wall inlet 35 and forms a second cooling passage section 60 which is fluidly connected to a first cooling passage section 40 at the wall inlet 35.
- the first cooling channel section 40 extends from the wall inlet 10 through the upper wall 10 and the front wall 20 toward outlet openings 45.
- the block body 5 has trough-shaped depressions 90 in the upper wall 10. These trough-shaped depressions 90 are arranged in the upper wall 10 in the region of the grate block 1 adjoining the front wall 20. This area is constantly exposed to waste during operation.
- Fig. 14b shows in an enlarged section of the Fig. 14a arranged in the upper wall 10 trough-shaped depressions 90th
- Fig. 15 shows a combustion grate with step-like successively arranged grate blocks 1 in longitudinal section as it is known from the prior art.
- the grate blocks 1 are not arranged horizontally, but rise in the direction L obliquely at the top.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Rostblock als Teil eines Rostes für eine Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung von Abfall.The present invention relates to a grate block as part of a grate for a plant for thermal treatment of waste.
Das Herzstück einer Reststoffverbrennungsanlage ist der Verbrennungsrost. Dabei werden die Reststoffe, zum Beispiel Hausmüll, von einem Ende des Verbrennungsrosts zum anderen Ende des Verbrennungsrosts befördert. Der für die Verbrennung der Reststoffe erforderliche Sauerstoff ist in ausreichender Menge in der Luft enthalten. Die Luft, auch Primärluft genannt, wird dabei von unten durch den Verbrennungsrost gedrückt und so dem Feuerungsraum mit den zu verbrennenden Reststoffen zugeführt.The heart of a waste incineration plant is the combustion grate. The waste, such as household waste, is transported from one end of the combustion grate to the other end of the combustion grate. The oxygen required for the combustion of the residues is contained in sufficient amount in the air. The air, also called primary air, is thereby pressed from below through the combustion grate and thus fed to the firing chamber with the residues to be incinerated.
Ein Typ der verschiedenen bekannten Verbrennungsrost-Typen ist der sogenannte Treppenrost. Ein solcher Treppenrost umfasst nebeneinander angeordnete und fest verbundene Rostblöcke, welche die einzelnen Rostblockreihen bilden. Die aufeinanderfolgenden Rostblockreihen sind treppenartig zueinander versetzt und liegen mit ihren dem Feuerungsraum zugewandten vorderen Wänden der Rostblöcke, welche die Rostblockreihen bilden aufeinander auf. Einige der Rostblockreihen, zum Beispiel jede zweite, ist beweglich angeordnet. Durch die Hubbewegung dieser beweglich angeordneten Rostblockreihen wird der Reststoff auf die in Transportrichtung folgende Rostblockreihe befördert.One type of the various known types of combustion grate is the so-called stair grate. Such a stair grate comprises juxtaposed and firmly connected grate blocks, which form the individual grate block rows. The successive grate block rows are staggered to each other and lie with their combustion chamber facing the front walls of the grate blocks, which form the grate block rows on each other. Some of the rows of grate blocks, for example every other, are movably arranged. By the lifting movement of this movably arranged grate block rows of the residue is transported to the following in the transport direction grate block row.
Die Reststoffe, die in einer oben erwähnten Verbrennungsanlage verbrannt werden, sind sehr unterschiedlicher Natur. Das Spektrum reicht von Hausmüll über gewerblichen Müll bis hin zu eigentlichen Brennstoffen, z.B. Holz in Form von Sägespänen, Biomasse und dergleichen mehr. Der Heizwert dieser Reststoffe ist, je nach Art des Reststoffes, naturgemäss sehr unterschiedlich. Jedoch gibt es auch innerhalb einer Art von Reststoff starke Schwankungen hinsichtlich des Heizwertes. Durch diese starken Schwankungen im Heizwert ergeben sich auch starke Schwankungen in der thermischen und mechanischen Belastung des Verbrennungsrostes beziehungsweise der einzelnen Rostblöcke.The residues burned in an incinerator mentioned above are very different. The spectrum ranges from household waste to commercial waste right through to the actual Fuels, such as wood in the form of sawdust, biomass and the like. The calorific value of these residues is, depending on the nature of the residue, naturally very different. However, there are also large fluctuations in the calorific value within a type of residue. These strong fluctuations in the calorific value also result in strong fluctuations in the thermal and mechanical loading of the combustion grate or of the individual grate blocks.
Bei durchschnittlichen Heizwerten (bis etwa 10 MJ/kg) können die Verbrennungsroste beziehungsweise die einzelnen Rostblöcke in ausreichendem Masse mit Luft (Primärluft) gekühlt werden. Für Reststoffe mit höherem Heizwert sind aus dem Stand der Technik Verbrennungsroste mit wassergekühlten Rostblöcken bekannt. Eine ausreichende Kühlung der Rostblöcke ist sehr wichtig, da sonst die Gefahr des Schmelzens des Verbrennungsrosts besteht.At average calorific values (up to about 10 MJ / kg), the combustion grates or the individual grate blocks can be sufficiently cooled with air (primary air). For residues with a higher calorific value, combustion grates with water-cooled grate blocks are known from the prior art. Sufficient cooling of the grate blocks is very important, otherwise there is a risk of melting the combustion grate.
Obschon mit wassergekühlten Rostblöcken ein Mittel zur Verfügung steht, das die Herstellung effizient gekühlter Verbrennungsroste ermöglicht, haben solche Verbrennungsroste den Nachteil, dass sowohl deren Herstellung als auch der nachfolgende verfahrenstechnische Aufwand sehr viel höher ist als bei Verbrennungsrosten, die aus luftgekühlten Rostblöcken aufgebaut sind.Although with water cooled grate blocks a means is available that allows the production of efficiently cooled combustion grates, such combustion grates have the disadvantage that both their Production and the subsequent process engineering effort is much higher than in combustion grates, which are composed of air-cooled grate blocks.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Rostblock zur Verfügung zu stellen, der eine mindestens gleich gute Verschleissfestigkeit und damit eine gleich lange Standzeit im Vergleich zu wassergekühlten Rostblock aufweist und gleichzeitig seine Nachteile des hohen herstellung- und verfahrenstechnischen Aufwands vermeidet.Object of the present invention is to provide a grate block available that has at least as good wear resistance and thus an equal long life compared to water-cooled grate block and at the same time avoids its disadvantages of high production and process engineering effort.
Die Aufgabe wird durch einen Rostblock mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.The object is achieved by a grate block with the features of the
Der erfindungsgemässe Rostblock weist die Merkmale gemäss Anspruch 1 auf. Der Rostblock weist einen Blockkörper auf, der als Gussteil ausgebildet ist. Der Blockkörper weist eine obere Wand, die eine Auflagefläche bildet, und eine vordere Wand, an die ein Fuss angeformt ist, auf. Der Rostblock ist Teil eines Rostes für die thermische Behandlung von Abfall. Dabei sind die Rostblöcke treppenartig übereinander angeordnet und die einzelnen Rostblöcke liegen mit dem an der vorderen Wand angeformten Fuss auf der durch die obere Wand des nachfolgenden Rostblockes gebildeten Auflagefläche auf (Treppenrost). Der thermisch zu behandelnde Abfall liegt ebenfalls auf dieser von der oberen Wand gebildeten Auflagefläche auf. Der Rost kann eine Neigung aufweisen. Diese Neigung liegt in einem Bereich von 0° bis 26°, bevorzugt im Bereich von 10° bis 18° relativ zu einer gedachten horizontalen Ebene. Auf einer Unterseite der oberen Wand ist ein Wandeinlass angeordnet. Dieser Wandeinlass liegt auf der dem Feuerungsraum abgewandten Seite der oberen Wand. Ausgehend von dem Wandeinlass verläuft ein erster Kühlkanalabschnitt durch die obere Wand und die vordere Wand zu einer in der vorderen Wand angeordneten Auslassöffnung. Benachbart zur vorderen Wand und zum daran angeformten Fuss ist eine Einlassöffnung angeordnet. Von der Einlassöffnung geht eine Kühlkanalwand aus, die von der vorderen Wand und der oberen Wand beabstandet ist, und einen am Wandeinlass mit dem ersten Kühlkanalabschnitt strömungsverbundenen zweiten Kühlkanalabschnitt bildet.The inventive grate block has the features according to
Der erste Kühlkanalabschnitt und der zweite Kühlkanalabschnitt bilden zusammen einen Kühlkanal, der im Längsschnitt einen im Wesentlichen S-förmigen Verlauf zeigt. Der Querschnitt beziehungsweise die Querschnittsfläche des ersten Kühlkanalabschnittes und des zweiten Kühlkanalabschnittes - und damit des im Wesentlichen S-förmigen Kühlkanals - ist in der einfachsten Ausführung konstant. Der Querschnitt kann aber auch variieren.The first cooling channel section and the second cooling channel section together form a cooling channel, which shows a substantially S-shaped profile in longitudinal section. The cross-section or the cross-sectional area of the first cooling passage section and of the second cooling passage section-and thus of the substantially S-shaped cooling passage-is constant in the simplest embodiment. The cross section can also vary.
Der erfindungsgemässe Rostblock erlaubt den Einsatz von gasförmigen Kühlmedien, insbesondere von Luft, auch bei der thermischen Behandlung von Reststoffen mit höherem Heizwert (> 10MJ/kg). Eine Wasserkühlung, die bei Reststoffen mit höherem Heizwert oft erforderlich ist, entfällt. Der erfindungsgemässe Rostblock ermöglicht eine ausgezeichnete und differenzierte Kühlung jener Stellen des Rostblocks, die thermisch den grössten Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Dies ist deshalb sehr vorteilhaft, da - im Falle einer Kühlung mit Luft - die für die Kühlung zur Verfügung stehende Primärluft begrenzt ist. Im Weiteren wird die zur Kühlung verwendete Primärluft um ca. 120°C bis 150°C erwärmt, weshalb auf eine (bisher erforderliche) Vorwärmung der Primärluft verzichtet werden kann. Ausserdem kann, neben dem Wegfall der Vorwärmung der Primärluft, sogar kühlere Primärluft zur Kühlung verwendet werden, als dies bisher möglich war. Damit wird die Kühlung insgesamt zusätzlich verbessert. Der erfindungsgemässe Rostblock erzielt ausgezeichnete, d.h., lange, Standzeiten, die mit Standzeiten von wassergekühlten Rostblöcken vergleichbar sind.The grate block according to the invention allows the use of gaseous cooling media, in particular air, even in the thermal treatment of residues with a higher calorific value (> 10MJ / kg). Water cooling, which is often required for higher calorific value residues, is eliminated. The grate block according to the invention makes possible an excellent and differentiated cooling of those points of the grate block which are thermally exposed to the greatest loads. This is very advantageous because, in the case of cooling with air, the primary air available for cooling is limited. Furthermore, the primary air used for cooling is around 120 ° C heated to 150 ° C, which is why it can be dispensed with (previously required) preheating the primary air. In addition, in addition to eliminating the preheating of the primary air, even cooler primary air can be used for cooling, as was previously possible. This additionally improves the overall cooling. The grate block according to the invention achieves excellent, ie long, service lives which are comparable to the service lives of water-cooled grate blocks.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen der erste Kühlkanalabschnitt und der zweite Kühlkanalabschnitt einen im Verlauf variierenden Querschnitt auf. Mit Querschnitt wird die Querschnittsfläche des ersten und zweiten Kühlkanalabschnitts bezeichnet. Die Form der Querschnittsfläche kann unterschiedlich sein. Mögliche Querschnittsformen sind rechteckig, viereckig, polygonal, z.B. ein abgeflachtes Sechseck, kreisförmig oder oval.In a preferred embodiment, the first cooling passage section and the second cooling passage section have a varying cross-section. With cross-section, the cross-sectional area of the first and second cooling channel section is designated. The shape of the cross-sectional area may be different. Possible cross-sectional shapes are rectangular, quadrangular, polygonal, e.g. a flattened hexagon, circular or oval.
Der Wärmeabtrag des gasförmigen Kühlmediums, bevorzugt der Primärluft, bezeichnet die Menge der durch das Kühlmedium pro Zeit abgeführten Wärme. Der Wärmeabtrag hängt unter anderem von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Kühlmediums relativ zu seiner Umgebung, im vorliegenden Fall des ersten und des zweiten Kühlkanalabschnitts ab. Er ist umso grösser, je höher die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Kühlmediums ist.The heat removal of the gaseous cooling medium, preferably the primary air, denotes the amount of heat dissipated by the cooling medium per time. The heat dissipation depends inter alia on the flow velocity of the cooling medium relative to its surroundings, in the present case of the first and the second cooling channel section. It is greater, the higher the flow velocity of the cooling medium.
Wenn der Querschnitt der beiden Kühlkanalabschnitte variiert, heisst dies, dass die Querschnittsfläche sich ändert. Die Querschnittsfläche kann kleiner oder grösser werden. Wird die Querschnittfläche beispielsweise kleiner, nimmt die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit eines gasförmigen Kühlmediums, bevorzugt der Primärluft, zu, was infolge eines erhöhten Wärmeabtrags durch das gasförmige Kühlmedium zu einer höheren Kühlung führt. Erhöhter Wärmeabtrag heisst, dass das gasförmige Kühlmedium von seiner Umgebung eine grössere Wärmemenge aufnimmt und, durch die aufgrund der verkleinerten Querschnittsfläche erhöhte Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, abführt. Mit einer entsprechenden Variation des Querschnitts des ersten und des zweiten Kühlkanalabschnitts wird eine sehr differenzierte kühlung einzelner Bereiche des Rostblocks erzielt. Die Kühlung kann dadurch gezielt an die jeweilige thermische Belastung des einzelnen Rostblockbereichs angepasst werden. So kann beispielsweise die vordere Wand des Rostblocks gezielt verstärkt gekühlt werden.If the cross section of the two cooling channel sections varies, this means that the cross-sectional area changes. The cross-sectional area can be smaller or larger. For example, if the cross-sectional area becomes smaller, the flow velocity of a gaseous cooling medium, preferably the primary air, increases, which results Increased heat removal by the gaseous cooling medium leads to higher cooling. Increased heat removal means that the gaseous cooling medium absorbs a larger amount of heat from its surroundings and, due to the increased flow velocity due to the reduced cross-sectional area, dissipates it. With a corresponding variation of the cross section of the first and the second cooling channel section, a very differentiated cooling of individual regions of the grate block is achieved. The cooling can be tailored to the particular thermal load of the individual grate block area. For example, the front wall of the grate block can be specifically intensified cooled.
Durch eine Erweiterung des Querschnitts des ersten Kühlkanalabschnitts oder des zweiten Kühlkanalabschnitts in Bereichen, die thermisch weniger stark belastet sind, sinkt die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des gasförmigen Kühlmediums, z.B. der Primärluft, und dadurch auch der erzielte Wärmeabtrag. Damit wird es möglich, mit einer begrenzten Menge an Kühlmedium, z.B. Primärluft, auch thermisch weniger stark belastete Bereiche des Rostblocks zu kühlen, womit die Kühlung insgesamt verbessert wird.By widening the cross section of the first cooling passage section or the second cooling passage section in regions which are less thermally stressed, the flow velocity of the gaseous cooling medium, e.g. the primary air, and thereby also the heat dissipation achieved. This makes it possible to work with a limited amount of cooling medium, e.g. Primary air to cool even less thermally stressed areas of the grate block, whereby the cooling is improved overall.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform weist der Blockkörper eine sich in Längsrichtung des Blockkörpers erstreckende Rippe auf. Die Rippe ist an die obere Wand und die vordere Wand angeformt und im Wesentlichen senkrecht dazu angeordnet. Durch die Rippe wird die Stabilität des Rostblocks erhöht.In another embodiment, the block body has a rib extending in the longitudinal direction of the block body. The rib is formed on the upper wall and the front wall and arranged substantially perpendicular thereto. The rib increases the stability of the grate block.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Rippe eine Mittelrippe, d.h., sie ist in Querrichtung des Blockkörpers mittig angeordnet. Die Anordnung der Rippe in der Mitte vereinfacht zusätzlich die gusstechnische Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Rostblöcke, da identische Halbschalen verwendet werden können.In a preferred embodiment, the rib is a central rib, ie, it is centered in the transverse direction of the block body. The arrangement of the rib in In addition, the middle simplifies the production of the cast-iron grate blocks according to the invention, since identical half-shells can be used.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erstrecken sich der erste Kühlkanalabschnitt und der mit diesem strömungsverbundene zweite Kühlkanalabschnitt über die gesamte Länge der oberen Wand des erfindungsgemässen Rostblocks. Damit wird eine Kühlung des Rostblocks über die gesamte Länge der oberen Wand erzielt.In a preferred embodiment, the first cooling passage section and the second cooling passage section connected to the latter extend over the entire length of the upper wall of the grate block according to the invention. This achieves cooling of the grate block over the entire length of the upper wall.
Es ist jedoch gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform auch möglich, dass sich der erste Kühlkanalabschnitt und der zweite Kühlkanalabschnitt nur über einen Teil der Länge der oberen Wand erstrecken. Bevorzugt erstrecken sich der erste Kühlkanalabschnitt und der zweite Kühlkanalabschnitt über 10% bis 90%, besonders bevorzugt über 30% bis 70% der Länge der oberen Wand des Rostblocks.However, according to another embodiment, it is also possible for the first cooling passage section and the second cooling passage section to extend over only a part of the length of the upper wall. The first cooling channel section and the second cooling channel section preferably extend over 10% to 90%, particularly preferably over 30% to 70%, of the length of the upper wall of the grate block.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Rostblocks vergrössert sich der Querschnitt des zweiten Kühlkanalabschnitts von der Einlassöffnung zum Wandeinlass hin. Der Querschnitt des ersten Kühlkanalabschnitts dagegen verkleinert sich vom Wandeinlass zur Auslassöffnung hin. Die Querschnittsänderung kann sowohl kontinuierlich als auch in diskreten Stufen erfolgen. Eine kontinuierliche Querschnittsänderung ergibt sich beispielsweise, wenn der erste und/oder der zweite Kühlkanalabschnitt einen konischen Abschnitt aufweist. Durch die Änderung des Querschnitts des ersten Kühlkanalabschnitts und des zweiten Kühlkanalabschnitts ergeben sich im ersten Kühlkanalabschnitt und im zweiten Kühlkanalabschnitt Zonen mit unterschiedlich starker Kühlung. Dabei ist die Kühlung in Zonen mit grösserem Querschnitt schwächer und in Zonen mit kleinerem Querschnitt stärker.In a further embodiment of the grate block according to the invention, the cross section of the second cooling passage section increases from the inlet opening to the wall inlet. The cross section of the first cooling passage section, on the other hand, decreases in size from the wall inlet to the outlet opening. The change in cross section can be done both continuously and in discrete stages. A continuous change in cross section results, for example, when the first and / or the second cooling channel section has a conical section. By changing the cross section of the first cooling passage section and the second cooling passage section, zones with different degrees of cooling result in the first cooling passage section and in the second cooling passage section. The cooling is in zones with larger Cross section weaker and stronger in zones with smaller cross section.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform weist der Rostblock an der Rippe, vorzugsweise einer Mittelrippe, angeformte und im Wesentlichen senkrecht von dieser abstehende Umlenkstege auf. Diese Umlenkstege sind versetzt zu einander angeordnet.In another embodiment, the grate block on the rib, preferably a central rib, integrally formed and substantially perpendicularly projecting from this deflecting webs. These deflecting webs are arranged offset to one another.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform bilden die Umlenkstege einen mäandrierenden Kanal, der mit dem zweiten Kühlkanalabschnitt an der Einlassöffnung strömungsverbunden ist. Eine Kanaleinlassöffnung hat dabei eine Position, die von einer Relativposition des Rostblocks zu einem in einer Richtung L nachfolgenden Rostblock abhängig ist.In a further embodiment, the deflection webs form a meandering channel, which is flow-connected to the second cooling channel section at the inlet opening. A channel inlet opening in this case has a position that is dependent on a relative position of the grate block to a subsequent in a direction L grate block.
Die Richtung L entspricht der Förderrichtung des Abfalls in Längsrichtung des Rostes. Der Abfall durchläuft dabei verschiedene Zonen, beginnend mit der Trocknungszone an Ende des Rostes über die Verbrennungszone bis hin zur Ausbrandzone am anderen der Trocknungszone gegenüberliegenden Ende des Rostes.The direction L corresponds to the conveying direction of the waste in the longitudinal direction of the grate. The waste passes through different zones, starting with the drying zone at the end of the grate over the combustion zone up to the burn-out zone at the other end of the grate opposite the drying zone.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die obere Wand des Rostblocks auf ihrer dem Feuerungsraum zugewandten Seite muldenförmige Vertiefungen auf.In a preferred embodiment, the upper wall of the grate block on its combustion chamber facing the side of trough-shaped depressions.
Die muldenförmigen Vertiefungen befinden sich in einem Bereich der oberen Wand, der an die vordere Wand des Rostblocks angrenzt. In diesem Bereich liegt während des Betriebs des Rosts dauernd Abfall beziehungsweise Schlacke auf, was eine starke thermische Belastung bedeutet.The trough-shaped depressions are located in an area of the upper wall, which is adjacent to the front wall of the grate block. In this area, waste or slag is constantly on during operation of the grate, which means a strong thermal load.
In diesen muldenförmigen Vertiefungen sammelt sich während des Betriebs des Verbrennungsrostes verbrannter Abfall beziehungsweise Schlacke. Der verbrannte Abfall oder die Schlacke bilden eine isolierende Schicht zwischen der oberen Wand und dem Feuerungsraum und vermindern so den Wärmeeintrag aus dem Feuerungsraum in den RostblockDuring operation of the combustion grate, burnt waste or slag collects in these trough-shaped depressions. The burnt waste or slag forms an insulating layer between the top wall and the firebox, thus reducing the heat input from the firebox to the grate block
Die erfindungsgemässen Rostblöcke können in einem Rost eingesetzt werden. Ein solcher Rost umfasst bevorzugt nur erfindungsgemässe Rostblöcke.The grate blocks according to the invention can be used in a grate. Such a grate preferably comprises only grate blocks according to the invention.
Ein Rost weist in der Regel eine Mehrzahl von ortsfesten Rostblockreihen und von beweglichen Rostblockreihen auf. Diese Rostblockreihen werden durch mehrere nebeneinander angeordnete und auf einem Blockhalterohr eingehängte Rostblöcke gebildet, wobei die nebeneinander angeordneten Rostblöcke miteinander fest verbunden sind. Die ortsfesten und die beweglichen Rostblockreihen sind alternierend und treppenartig angeordnet. Dabei werden sowohl die ortsfesten als auch die beweglichen Rostblockreihen durch erfindungsgemässe Rostblöcke gebildet.A grate usually has a plurality of stationary grate block rows and movable grate block rows. This grate block rows are formed by a plurality of juxtaposed and mounted on a block holder tube grate blocks, wherein the grate blocks arranged side by side are firmly connected. The stationary and movable grate block rows are arranged alternately and in steps. In this case, both the stationary and the movable grate block rows are formed by grate blocks according to the invention.
Während die Blockhalterohre von ortsfesten Rostblockreihen an ortsfesten Konsolen angebracht sind, sind Blockhalterohre von beweglichen Rostblockreihen beweglichen Rostwagen zugeordnet. Diese Rostwagen werden beispielsweise mittels Hydraulikzylindern angetrieben und dabei über Rollen vor und zurück bewegt. Dadurch werden die beweglichen Rostblockreihen ebenfalls bewegt und üben so eine Schub- und Scherwirkung auf den auf dem Rost aufliegenden Abfall aus. Damit wird der Abfall zum einen umgewälzt, womit immer neue Abfallteile der thermischen Behandlung im Feuerungsraum ausgesetzt werden. Zum anderen wird damit ein stetige Vorwärtsförderung des Abfalls in Richtung eines Rostendes erreicht.While the block holder tubes are mounted from fixed grate block rows to stationary consoles, block holder tubes are associated with movable grate carriages of movable grate block rows. These grate carriages are driven for example by means of hydraulic cylinders and thereby moved back and forth about roles. As a result, the movable grate block rows are also moved and thus exert a shear and shear action on the resting on the grate waste. Thus, the waste is on the one hand circulated, which are always exposed to new waste parts of the thermal treatment in the firing space. On the other hand Thus, a steady forward promotion of waste in the direction of a grate end is achieved.
Der erfindungsgemässe Rostblock wird nachstehend anhand von in den Zeichnungen gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigt rein schematisch:
- Fig. 1
- eine erste Ausführungsform des Rostblocks im Längsschnitt;
- Fig. 2
- eine weitere Ausführungsform des Rostblocks im Längsschnitt;
- Fig. 3
- eine weitere Ausführungsform des Rostblocks im Längsschnitt, mit einer verlängerten oberen Wand;
- Fig. 4
- eine weitere Ausführungsform des Rostblocks im Längsschnitt mit einem im Wesentlichen S-förmigen Kühlkanal mittlerer Länge bezogen auf die von der vorderen und der hinteren Wand begrenzte Strecke;
- Fig. 5
- eine weitere Ausführungsform des Rostblocks im Längsschnitt mit kurzem im Wesentlichen S-förmigem Kühlkanal;
- Fig. 6
- eine weitere Ausführungsform des Rostblocks im Längsschnitt mit kurzem im Wesentlichen S-förmigem Kühlkanal und zusätzlichen versetzt angeordneten Umlenkstegen;
- Fig. 7
- eine Ausführungsform des Rostblocks im Querschnitt;
- Fig. 8
- eine weitere Ausführungsform des Rostblocks im Querschnitt;
- Fig. 9
- eine weitere Ausführungsform des Rostblocks im Querschnitt mit einer muldenförmigen Vertiefung auf der dem Feuerungsraum zugewandten Seite der oberen Wand;
- Fig. 10
- drei nebeneinander angeordnete Rostblöcke gemäss
Fig. 7 im Querschnitt; - Fig. 11
- drei nebeneinander angeordnete Rostblöcke gemäss
Fig, 8 im Querschnitt; - Fig. 12
- drei nebeneinander angeordnete Rostblöcke gemäss
Fig. 9 im Querschnitt; - Fig. 13a
- vier treppenartig übereinander angeordnete Rostblöcke gemäss der in
Fig. 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform, wobei die beweglich angeordneten Rostblöcke maximal ausgefahren sind; - Fig. 13b
- vier treppenartig übereinander angeordneten Rostblöcke gemäss der in
Fig. 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform, wobei die beweglich angeordneten sich Rostblöcke in einer Mittelstellung befinden; - Fig. 13c
- vier treppenartig übereinander angeordneten Rostblöcken gemäss der in
Fig. 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform, wobei die beweglich angeordneten Rostblöcke maximal eingefahren sind; - Fig. 14a
- vier nebeneinander angeordnete Rostblöcke in perspektivischer Ansicht gemäss in
Fig. 9 gezeigter Ausführungsform mit muldenförmigen Vertiefungen; - Fig. 14b
- in Vergrösserung einen der muldenförmigen Vertiefungen gemäss
Fig. 14a ; und - Fig. 15
- Ausschnitt eines Treppenrosts mit ortsfesten und beweglich angeordneten Rostblöcken.
- Fig. 1
- a first embodiment of the grate block in longitudinal section;
- Fig. 2
- a further embodiment of the grate block in longitudinal section;
- Fig. 3
- a further embodiment of the grate block in longitudinal section, with an elongated upper wall;
- Fig. 4
- a further embodiment of the grate block in longitudinal section with a substantially S-shaped cooling channel of medium length relative to the limited distance from the front and the rear wall;
- Fig. 5
- a further embodiment of the grate block in longitudinal section with a short substantially S-shaped cooling channel;
- Fig. 6
- a further embodiment of the grate block in longitudinal section with a short substantially S-shaped cooling channel and additional staggered deflection webs;
- Fig. 7
- an embodiment of the grate block in cross section;
- Fig. 8
- a further embodiment of the grate block in cross section;
- Fig. 9
- a further embodiment of the grate block in cross section with a trough-shaped depression on the combustion chamber facing side of the upper wall;
- Fig. 10
- three juxtaposed grate blocks according to
Fig. 7 in cross-section; - Fig. 11
- three juxtaposed grate blocks according to
Fig. 8 in cross-section; - Fig. 12
- three juxtaposed grate blocks according to
Fig. 9 in cross-section; - Fig. 13a
- four staircase stacked grate blocks according to the in
Fig. 6 shown embodiment, wherein the movably arranged grate blocks are maximally extended; - Fig. 13b
- four staircase stacked grate blocks according to the in
Fig. 6 shown embodiment, wherein the movably arranged grate blocks are in a central position; - Fig. 13c
- four staircase stacked grate blocks according to the in
Fig. 6 shown embodiment, wherein the movably arranged grate blocks are retracted maximally; - Fig. 14a
- four juxtaposed grate blocks in perspective view according to in
Fig. 9 shown embodiment with trough-shaped depressions; - Fig. 14b
- in enlargement one of the trough-shaped depressions according to
Fig. 14a ; and - Fig. 15
- Section of a stair grate with fixed and movably arranged grate blocks.
Der erfindungsgemässe Rostblocks besitzt beispielsweise folgende Abmessungen, eine Länge von 500mm bis 700mm, eine Höhe von ungefähr 150mm und eine Breite von ungefähr 100mm.The grate block according to the invention has, for example, the following dimensions, a length of 500 mm to 700 mm, a height of approximately 150 mm and a width of approximately 100 mm.
In der gezeigten Ausführungsform sind insgesamt 5 Umlenkstege 70 vorhanden, die von oben in einer Richtung L schräg nach unten verlaufen. Die Richtung L entspricht auch der Förderrichtung des auf der Auflagefläche 15 aufliegenden Abfalls (nicht gezeigt). Die Umlenkstege 70 sind alternierend versetzt angeordnet. Das heisst, die Umlenkstege 70 sind entweder mit ihrem oberen Ende an der Unterseite 30 der oberen Wand 10 angeformt oder mit ihrem oberen Ende so von der unteren Seite 30 der oberen Wand 10 beabstandet, so dass sich das untere Ende 72 der Umlenkstege 70 mit der unteren Fläche 26 des Fusses 25 in einer Ebene befindet.In the embodiment shown, a total of 5 deflecting
Die
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP08019348A EP2184540B1 (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2008-11-05 | Air-cooled grate block |
AT08019348T ATE538347T1 (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2008-11-05 | AIR-COOLED RUST BLOCK |
US13/122,642 US20110253018A1 (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2009-11-02 | Air-cooled grate block |
JP2011535038A JP5549890B2 (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2009-11-02 | Air-cooled grate block |
PCT/EP2009/007828 WO2010051953A1 (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2009-11-02 | Air-cooled grate block |
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EP08019348A EP2184540B1 (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2008-11-05 | Air-cooled grate block |
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EP2184540A1 true EP2184540A1 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
EP2184540B1 EP2184540B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
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EP08019348A Active EP2184540B1 (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2008-11-05 | Air-cooled grate block |
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US (1) | US20110253018A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2184540B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5549890B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE538347T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010051953A1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3023694A1 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-25 | Steinmüller Babcock Environment GmbH | Grate bar and grate for a grate furnace |
EP3798515A1 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2021-03-31 | Hitachi Zosen Inova AG | Grate block for a combustion grate |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014004660A1 (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2015-08-13 | Joachim Kümmel | Method for incinerating waste and biomass on an air-cooled grate, and device for carrying out the method |
US10309648B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2019-06-04 | General Electric Company | System and method for active cooling of a grate bar for an incinerator of a waste-to-energy plant |
Citations (8)
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DE3343024A1 (en) * | 1983-11-28 | 1985-06-05 | Wärmetechnik Dr. Pauli GmbH, 8035 Gauting | Air-cooled moving grate |
EP0458108A2 (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1991-11-27 | Nkk Corporation | Grate structure for a horizontal type incineator |
JPH0566006A (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1993-03-19 | Takuma Co Ltd | Cooling method of grate in stoker furnace |
EP1191282A1 (en) | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-27 | Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG | Cooled grate bar |
EP1219898A1 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-03 | Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG | Grate block as part of a grate for a waste incineration plant |
EP1321711A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | FISIA Babcock Environment GmbH | Air cooled grate plate for a rocking grate |
EP1617143A2 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-01-18 | Lurgi Lentjes AG | Grate bar with corresponding grate and incinerator |
DE102004032291A1 (en) | 2004-07-03 | 2006-02-09 | Lurgi Lentjes Ag | Grate plate, associated combustion grate and corresponding waste incineration plant |
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US1513987A (en) * | 1919-07-14 | 1924-11-04 | Wilfred A Hare | Automatic stoker |
US1899538A (en) * | 1931-06-25 | 1933-02-28 | Firebae Corp | Grate bar |
US3014439A (en) * | 1960-07-11 | 1961-12-26 | Earland R Mitchell | Hollow stoker grate |
DE2805712C2 (en) * | 1978-02-10 | 1980-01-31 | Josef Martin Feuerungsbau Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Grate bar, especially for mechanically moved grates in large firing systems |
JPH08128612A (en) * | 1994-11-01 | 1996-05-21 | Kubota Corp | Stoker type transfer device |
JP2000346332A (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-15 | Nkk Corp | Central partition metallic material for incinerating |
JP2001254922A (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-21 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Fire grate |
AUPR229100A0 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2001-01-25 | Renewable Energy Corporation Limited | Grate structure for solid fuel burners |
US6964237B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-11-15 | Mark P. Hepp | Grate block for a refuse incineration grate |
-
2008
- 2008-11-05 AT AT08019348T patent/ATE538347T1/en active
- 2008-11-05 EP EP08019348A patent/EP2184540B1/en active Active
-
2009
- 2009-11-02 WO PCT/EP2009/007828 patent/WO2010051953A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-11-02 JP JP2011535038A patent/JP5549890B2/en active Active
- 2009-11-02 US US13/122,642 patent/US20110253018A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3343024A1 (en) * | 1983-11-28 | 1985-06-05 | Wärmetechnik Dr. Pauli GmbH, 8035 Gauting | Air-cooled moving grate |
EP0458108A2 (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1991-11-27 | Nkk Corporation | Grate structure for a horizontal type incineator |
JPH0566006A (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1993-03-19 | Takuma Co Ltd | Cooling method of grate in stoker furnace |
EP1191282A1 (en) | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-27 | Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG | Cooled grate bar |
EP1219898A1 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-03 | Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG | Grate block as part of a grate for a waste incineration plant |
EP1321711A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-25 | FISIA Babcock Environment GmbH | Air cooled grate plate for a rocking grate |
DE102004032291A1 (en) | 2004-07-03 | 2006-02-09 | Lurgi Lentjes Ag | Grate plate, associated combustion grate and corresponding waste incineration plant |
EP1617143A2 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-01-18 | Lurgi Lentjes AG | Grate bar with corresponding grate and incinerator |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3023694A1 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-25 | Steinmüller Babcock Environment GmbH | Grate bar and grate for a grate furnace |
EP3798515A1 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2021-03-31 | Hitachi Zosen Inova AG | Grate block for a combustion grate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE538347T1 (en) | 2012-01-15 |
US20110253018A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
EP2184540B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
JP2012507688A (en) | 2012-03-29 |
JP5549890B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
WO2010051953A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
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