DE102022109943A1 - Grate track separation element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a grate track separating element (100) for separating a multi-lane moving grate (50) of a moving grate furnace, with at least two castings (110, 140) which can be moved into one another in a transverse extension (100Q), wherein in at least one of the castings (110, 140), preferably In each casting (110, 140), a cooling circuit (121, 151) is formed from pipes (122, 152), the castings (110, 140) each having a bottom side (111, 141), which is intended to be in the feed grate (50) installed state each has a grate frame (54) of the feed grate (50), each having a cover side (112, 142) opposite the bottom side (111, 141), which in a first cover section (115, 145) along a longitudinal extent (100L) runs diagonally up to a bend line (113, 143) from the bottom side (111, 141) and from the bend line (113, 143) in a second cover section (116, 146) further along the longitudinal extent (100L) again onto the Bottom side (111, 141) tapers obliquely, and have a front end side (117, 147) and a rear end side (118, 148), which each connect the bottom side (111, 141) and the top side (112, 142). The invention further relates to a method for producing such a grate track separating element (100) for a multi-track moving grate (50) of a moving grate furnace, such a moving grate (50) and a combustion furnace (70) with at least one such moving grate (50).

Description

The invention relates to a grate track separating element for separating a multi-lane moving grate of a moving grate firing system. The invention further relates to a feed grate, a combustion furnace with such a feed grate and a method for producing such a grate track separating element.

Moving grates (also called stair gratings or pouring grates) of a moving grate furnace (for burning solid fuel) are usually - and preferably also according to the present invention - stored or installed on a horizontal or alternatively inclined or sloping grate frame. They usually include two or more so-called “grate tracks” arranged in parallel. These in turn each comprise several grate steps arranged one above the other in the form of stairs in a longitudinal grate direction. Grate steps are to be understood as "levels" of the feed grate that are laid out or arranged like a flat staircase, on which the solid fuel mentioned is continuously fed from a feed shaft (above the top grate step) through a combustion chamber to a slag or ash discharge (below). the grate levels and behind the lowest grate level) is transported or conveyed in a “feed direction”. The feed direction of the solid fuel to be burned on the grate tracks of the feed grate corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the grate tracks. At the latest at the slag discharge behind the lowest grate level, the unburned slag or ash remaining on the grate levels is collected and z. B. transported away using a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt typically also collects the slag or ash below the grate steps that has already been collected by funnel-shaped collecting containers on the way through the combustion chamber, which, among other things, has fallen through the air slots for supplying air or oxygen to the grate levels. The grate levels in turn usually each comprise several usually water-cooled grate bars or grate stones arranged next to one another in a row. The advancing grate usually has a central bar between two grate tracks to separate the grate tracks.

An example of a two-track moving grate with a central beam between the grate tracks is shown in the WO 2018/149516 A1 described. There, the middle beam comprises several one-piece grate separating elements that overlap each other in the shape of a roof tile in the longitudinal direction of the grate. These are exactly as high as two grate levels and their shape essentially corresponds to the adjacent grate bars of the grate tracks. For this purpose, the grate track separating elements have a bottom side with a downwardly open U-shaped grate bar support holder for attachment to cylindrical grate bar supports, which also serve to store the stationary grate bars of the grate tracks. Furthermore, they have a cover side opposite the bottom side, which in a first cover section runs flatly parallel to the bottom side along a longitudinal extent parallel to the feed direction up to a bend line and from the bend line in a second cover section runs obliquely further along the longitudinal extent towards the bottom side.

The large temperature changes between the states without firing (i.e. before commissioning or during maintenance, etc.) and when the combustion furnace is firing, to which the grate bar elements are subject, lead to the grate tracks expanding relatively strongly in their transverse extent. In order to compensate for this, a combustion furnace of the type mentioned at the bottom has groove-like, so-called "grate expansions" (quasi "edge pockets" or "edge drawers") in the cheeks of the grate frame along the side of the grate tracks, adjacent to the side walls of the combustion chamber the grate tracks can extend laterally. In the case of two-track grates, the grate tracks can then be fixed to the central beam or to the grate frame in the area of the central beam and can expand outwards into the grate when the temperature increases. However, there is a problem with three- and multi-lane moving grates. There must be at least one grate strip between two central beams, i.e. H. it is prevented from expanding on both sides by the usually fixed, rigid central beams.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a grate track separating element and a feed grate with a center beam with such grate track separating elements, which eliminate the aforementioned problem and also allow the construction of a feed grate with more than two grate tracks.

This object is achieved by a grate separating element according to claim 1, a moving grate according to claim 11, an incinerator according to claim 14 and a method for producing a grate separating element according to claim 15.

The grate track separating element according to the invention comprises at least two in a transverse extension, i.e. H. Perpendicular to the feed direction or longitudinal direction of the grate, cast parts that can be moved into one another.

There is a cooling element in at least one of the castings, preferably in each casting circuit formed from pipes. With one cooling circuit each, the cooling circuits can, for example, be separate or connected to one another, e.g. B. connected in parallel or in series, connected to a supply line.

According to the invention, the cast parts of the grate track separating element each have a bottom side or underside, which, when the grate track separating element is installed as intended in the feed grate, each faces a grate frame of the feed grate.

At this point it should be mentioned that relative directional information such as "top", "bottom", "top", "bottom", "front", "side", "horizontal", "vertical", "front", "back" , “lengthwise”, “crosswise” etc. here, as in the entire text, refer to the usual arrangement in a solids combustion plant with the grate frame standing on the floor.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the castings each have a cover side or top side opposite the bottom side, which in a first cover section runs transversely, preferably perpendicularly, to the transverse extension along a longitudinal extension up to a fold line or ridge line from the bottom side. The first deck section forms a storage area on the top side for the solid fuel. As already mentioned, the longitudinal extent essentially corresponds to a feed direction of the feed grate.

From the fold line, the cover side runs diagonally towards the bottom side in a second cover section further along the longitudinal extension. The second cover section forms a sliding surface on the cover side, on which the solid fuel - as will also be explained further below - can slide to the next first cover section of a subsequent grate track separating element, which serves as a storage area for it. Overall, the castings are roof-like in their longitudinal extent, in particular similar to a “tailcoat roof”.

According to the invention, the castings also have a front end face and a rear end face, which each connect the bottom side and the top side, i.e. H. the front end runs on the front side of the castings in the feed direction between the bottom side and the top side and the rear end runs on the rear side of the castings in the feed direction. The end faces are preferably largely not exposed to fire when installed as intended.

As is usual for metallic castings that are exposed to high temperatures, the castings can otherwise have thin wall thicknesses in relation to their dimensions in order to be able to release absorbed heat radiation more easily. i.e. the two castings of a grate separating element can each z. B. be designed to be largely hollow on the inside and be realized in terms of its basic shape as essentially C-shaped half-shells in longitudinal section with open sides facing each other. Due to the essentially hollow structure, the castings have a significantly larger inner surface than the relatively small outer surface, which is directly exposed to the fire, on which the heat absorbed by the fire can be released again.

A feed grate according to the invention, which is stored or installed on a horizontal or, as is preferred here, on the inclined or sloping grate frame, comprises, as mentioned above, at least two grate tracks, preferably more than two, i.e. at least three grate tracks. As usual, the grate tracks can be arranged parallel to one another.

As already explained in detail at the beginning, the grate tracks each comprise several grate steps arranged one above the other in the form of stairs in a longitudinal grate direction.

As mentioned at the beginning, the grate stages in turn comprise several usually water-cooled grate bars or grate stones arranged next to one another in a row. Alternatively or additionally, the grate bars can also be air-cooled, e.g. B. by means of the combustion air supplied from below through the air slots in the grate bars.

As mentioned, the advancing grate has a central bar between two grate tracks to separate the grate tracks. In contrast to the prior art, however, according to the invention, the center beam comprises a plurality of grate track separating elements arranged one above the other in the longitudinal direction of the grate. “One above the other” is to be seen in relation to the grate frame, as this is typically inclined at an angle of 8° to 15° to the horizontal or to the ground, i.e. e.g. B. in a commercially available incineration system from the feed shaft of the solid fuel to be burned to the combustion chamber falls slightly, so that the grate separating elements are then arranged one above the other (obliquely) due to the oblique direction of inclination of the inclined or sloping grate frame. The grate separating elements along the grate frame, which is inclined to the horizontal, can therefore be described as being arranged one behind the other.

In addition, at least some of these grate track separating elements of the feed grate - as already mentioned above in the context of the invention Grate track separation elements mentioned - each have a bottom side, which, when installed in the feed grate as intended, faces a grate frame of the feed grate.

In contrast to the prior art mentioned at the outset, at least some of the grate track separating elements each have a cover side opposite the bottom side, which in a first cover section runs obliquely along a longitudinal extension away from the bottom side up to a bend line and further along from the bend line in a second cover section the longitudinal extension in turn tapers diagonally towards the bottom side.

Preferably, the respective first cover sections of the grate track separating elements can have a slope that slopes slightly backwards in the feed direction of the feed grate, i.e. H. be arranged reclined.

It is ensured that the surfaces of the grate bars adjacent to the grate track separating elements are each parallel to the surface of the first cover sections of the grate track separating elements. The solid fuel, which collects on the surfaces of the inclined grate bars and the first cover sections of the grate track separating elements that serve as storage surfaces, is circulated particularly well due to the gradient that slopes slightly backwards to the direction of advance of the feed grate, since the solid fuel remaining on the storage surfaces slides back easily and from above Tracked solid fuel is in turn pushed over it, creating a slight circulating “circular movement” so that the solid fuel can be burned more evenly. This is basically comparable to the water movement of a river falling over a waterfall from one cascade to the next cascade, which also results in a circular vortex flow or circulation of the water.

Furthermore, at least some of the grate track separating elements, as already mentioned, each have a front end face and a rear end face, which each connect the bottom side and the top side.

According to the invention, the grate track separating elements are arranged in a row in the longitudinal direction of the grate with their end faces abutting one another, i.e. one behind the other, so that the rear end face of a lower grate track separating element is arranged in abutment with a front end face of an upper grate track separating element, etc., which is adjacent in the longitudinal direction of the grate and lies above it. i.e. the end faces lie flush with each other.

Alternatively or (preferably) additionally, according to the invention, at least some of the grate track separation elements are designed like the grate track separation elements according to the invention already mentioned above.

A combustion furnace according to the invention, in particular for solid fuel combustion or for a solid combustion layer, comprises at least one such feed grate.

Furthermore, such a combustion furnace can typically have a combustion chamber which at least partially surrounds the feed grate.

The combustion chamber, in turn, can usually be formed from so-called fin walls, which usually cover the combustion chamber essentially except for a feed opening for the solid fuel to be burned into the combustion chamber, flue gas flues for discharging the resulting flue gases and a collection and discharge system for collecting and transporting the gases during the combustion process Limit remaining ash or slag. In addition, the combustion furnace can include a system for supplying air and/or coolant or water. In the combustion chamber - as already mentioned above with regard to the prior art - there are preferably edge pockets on the side of the two outer grate tracks of the feed grate, into which the outer grate tracks can extend laterally when they expand in their transverse extension.

In a method according to the invention for producing a grate track separating element for such a multi-lane moving grate of a moving grate furnace, at least two castings which can be moved into one another in a transverse extension are provided.

Provided means that the castings are, for example, delivered or manufactured in a ready-to-assemble state, i.e. H. can preferably be cast.

In this case, a cooling circuit made of pipes is formed in at least one of the castings, preferably in each casting, preferably cast in during a casting process to produce the castings. Advantageously, the later pipelines can be cast or encapsulated in the castings during casting. i.e. The pipes are not damaged during casting, but are simply slightly “melted” on the outside or melted on the surface, so that they are held in place in the castings even without their positive integration.

According to the invention, the castings are further designed, i.e. dimensioned and shaped, preferably cast, so that they have the shape described above, ie have such a bottom side, top side, end faces, side wall, etc. This has the advantage that their shape or surface shape essentially follows the surface shape or geometry of the grate bars (ie in large parts, in particular the parts that face the combustion chamber), if grate bars with an outer shape are used in the advancing grate, how they are currently being installed very frequently and how they are used, for example DE 10 2015 101 356 A1 to be discribed.

The two castings are then arranged or positioned relative to one another in such a way that they together form a grate separating element and can be moved relative to one another.

With the construction according to the invention, an expansion-compensating center beam is created by expansion-compensating grate track separating elements. Due to the shape and arrangement of the grate separating elements, it also has a comparatively small surface area that is directly exposed to fire, since, as described above, it can predominantly follow the shape or surface shape of the adjacent grate bars. As a result, each grate separating element only absorbs slightly more heat than one of the grate bars. In addition, the cast parts of the grate separating elements are designed and arranged in such a way that they absorb heat predominantly on the top side, which, however, due to their particularly advantageous design (as will be explained further below), can be released evenly downwards in the area of the surfaces shielded from the fire. The castings of a grate separating element do not differ so significantly from each other in size that they absorb approximately comparable amounts of heat and therefore there are hardly any significant temperature gradients between the castings. This means that undesirable temperature-related tensions between one another are largely avoided.

The construction according to the invention also ensures that solid fuel can collect on the first deck section serving as a storage area when the grate track separating element is installed as intended in a moving grate. This advantageously covers the cover section and protects it from heat radiation. Will e.g. B. a part of the solid fuel is pushed onto the second deck section by the following solid fuel and slips off there, it lands on the next first cover section which serves as a storage area and is automatically mixed or circulated with the solid fuel already lying there due to the slightly inclined slope.

In addition, the weight of a grate separating element is also divided, which makes assembly easier, for example. Furthermore, the construction according to the invention also simplifies and accelerates the production of such a grate separating element, since the cast parts of the grate separating element can be produced or cast individually and in parallel work steps.

Further, particularly advantageous refinements and developments of the invention result from the dependent claims and the following description, whereby the independent claims of one claim category can also be developed analogously to the dependent claims and exemplary embodiments of another claim category and in particular also individual features of different exemplary embodiments or variants can be combined to form new exemplary embodiments or variants.

There are various options for designing the castings of the grate separating element.

Preferably, the two castings can be designed in this way, i.e. H. dimensioned and shaped for each other in their external and internal dimensions, so that an inner casting can be moved transversely to the longitudinal extent relative to an outer casting of the castings.

Preferably, the outer casting can have a covering projection which covers or frames the inner casting at least on the cover side. Theoretically, it would also be possible for the outer casting to support the inner casting on other sides, such as. B. covered the front sides.

Particularly preferably, the covering projection of the outer casting can in any case enclose or cover the inner casting over the entire length or overall length in the longitudinal extent.

During assembly, the castings can accordingly finally be arranged in such a way that preferably an inner casting can be displaced transversely to the longitudinal extent relative to an outer casting of the castings, and the outer casting has a covering projection which covers the inner casting, particularly preferably over the entire length in the longitudinal direction, at least least covered, framed or enclosed on the cover side.

Preferably, an entire cover side of the grate separating element can be stepped in the transverse extent at a transition from the cover side of the first casting to the cover side of the second casting. The overall deck side refers to the entire top side of a grate separating element, on which the solid fuel rests and which is exposed to fire. It is made up of the individual partial cover sides of the castings. The actual “partial cover sides” of the castings are therefore only briefly referred to as cover sides throughout the invention. In the case of two cast parts that can be moved into one another, the overall cover side is, as mentioned or intended, variable in width and therefore capable of compensating for expansion.

The transition can particularly preferably be stepped at right angles, i.e. H. be designed with a rectangular step. A flat course of the top side of the outer casting up to the step and a flat course of the top side of the inner casting after the step in the transverse extension of the castings simplifies the casting mold and enables an even distance between the pipes of the respective cooling circuit and the top side, which results in more uniform cooling of the top sides of the Castings are achieved which are exposed to heat radiation from the combustion process during operation. This ensures that the castings are heated more evenly in the transverse direction and avoids stress cracks caused by temperature gradients along the surfaces or top sides of the castings.

Preferably at least one of the castings - e.g. B. in the longitudinal extent after the second, particularly preferably the shorter, cover section - have a third cover section. The third cover section can be, for example, a front section or a front surface of the relevant casting, which is seen along the cover side in the feed direction of the feed grate at the front, i.e. H. lies in an area adjacent to the front end. When installed, the front section is directly exposed to fire, unlike the front end, on which the rear end of the next casting of the next grate separating element rests flush, so that they are not exposed to fire and therefore do not absorb any heat.

Preferably, the third cover section can connect to the second cover section from a further, i.e. a second, fold line on the cover side and from there run obliquely towards the front end side. For example, the third deck section can taper more obliquely to the bottom side than the second deck section, i.e. run at an angle to the second deck section. The additional gradient in this additional deck section further improves the circulation of the solid fuel lying on it.

The length of the third deck section can particularly preferably be shorter than the second deck section already mentioned above, which, as mentioned, serves as a sliding surface.

Particularly preferably, at least in the case of the inner casting, the cover side can have a third cover section.

The advantage of such a design with a third cover section comes into play in particular when the feed grate has a corresponding design.

There are various options for designing the moving grate.

As mentioned, it is usual and often the case that at least some of the grate steps can be slid along in a feed-movable manner to an adjacent one, i.e. H. the grate level below or above it.

Preferably, every second grate level can be slid along in a feed-movable manner to an adjacent one, i.e. H. The grate step located below or above it can be stored in order to move the solid fuel as evenly as possible over the feed grate, in that every second step or grate step (relative to the stationary grate step in between) moves back and forth in an oscillating manner, in order to circulate the solid fuel as well as to push forward. This ensures even stoking with the best possible burn.

The front section described above can then preferably be shaped in an inner casting so that it is at a front edge or at a front bend on the second bend line parallel to a front side of a stationary grate bar of the feed grate and on a rear edge at the first bend line lies parallel to a front side of an at least straight forward, feed-movable grate bar of the feed grate, ie flush at the front with the front side of a stationary grate bar and flush at the rear with the front side of an advanced grate bar. This ensures that at least the inner casting - as mentioned above, for example. B. when using grate bars with an outer shape as in the DE 10 2015 101 356 A1 is described - can follow the shape or surface of these grate bars almost exactly and so that no exposed ones protrude the sections exposed to fire, which otherwise typically heat up particularly strongly in relation to the rest of the surface and are therefore responsible for temperature gradients along the surface, which in turn can cause stress cracks.

Towards the top, i.e. H. each perpendicular to a direction of progression of the first cover section and a direction of progression of the second cover section - i.e. essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the castings - the outer casting can protrude or protrude beyond the inner casting of the grate separating elements as little as possible. This means that the covering projection of the outer casting compared to the inner casting is preferably at most 30%, particularly preferably at most 25%, more preferably at most 20% and most preferably at most 15% of the height of a grate bar, in particular a movable grate bar.

Preferably, the covering projection of the outer casting can be designed such that it covers the third cover section of the inner casting on a front surface of the outer casting.

Particularly preferably, the front surface can be flush with or close to the front end face of the outer casting, i.e., so to speak, merge seamlessly or steplessly into it.

There are preferred options for the more precise geometry or surface shape of the top side of the castings.

Preferably, the bend angle or ridge angle at the (“first”) bend line of the castings between the first cover section and the second cover section can be blunt. The kink angle is defined as the angle that extends from the first cover section through the casting to the second cover section.

Specifically, this bend angle can preferably be at least 110°, particularly preferably at least 120°, more preferably at least 130°.

However, this bend angle can preferably be a maximum of 150°. This bend angle can particularly preferably be approximately 140°.

Alternatively or additionally, the (second) further bend angle or ridge angle on the (“second”) bend line of the inner casting between the second cover section and the third cover section can preferably also be blunt again. This bend angle is also defined as the angle through the casting.

Particularly preferably, the second bend angle can be at least 110°, particularly preferably at least 120°, more preferably at least 130°.

However, the second bend angle can preferably be a maximum of 140°. Particularly preferably, the second bend angle can be approximately 135°.

There are also preferred values for the area or length ratio of the cover sections of the cover side to one another.

Preferably, the first cover section can comprise at least 51%, preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 70% of the cover side in the longitudinal extent of the grate separating element.

Preferably, the grate track separating elements can be arranged or installed in the feed grate in such a way that the first cover section of a respective grate track separating element is inclined upwards by 10° to the horizontal. With horizontal here e.g. B. means a floor on which the grate frame of the feed grate is stored or positioned. Inclined upwards to the horizontal means that the deck side in the area of the first deck section has a positive slope, which is tilted by 10 ° to the ground and, on top of that, is also tilted backwards to the falling slope of the grate frame. i.e. The cover side in the area of the first deck section, which serves as a storage area or as a “plateau” that slopes slightly towards the rear, is oriented in such a way that the first deck section is still in place despite the sloping grate frame (here with a negative slope) when the grate separating element is installed as intended has a positive slope. As mentioned, the grate bars of the feed grate can then be oriented accordingly so that their top side is also inclined backwards by 10°.

There are various options for attaching the castings to the other components of the moving grate.

Preferably, only one of the cast parts can have grate frame fastening means for fastening on its bottom side, i.e. e.g. B. for screwing as a one-sided anchoring or fixed point of the casting on the grate structure.

Particularly preferably, the outer cast part can be attached to the grate frame on the bottom side means for fastening, especially screw connections, e.g. B. using screws and nuts or the like, on the underlying grate structure.

Preferably, at least one of the castings can have grate bar fastening means for fastening the casting to an adjacent grate bar on a side wall or cheek side facing away from the other casting. The grate bar is mounted in a stationary manner on the grate frame, i.e. H. When setting up the moving grate with movable grate steps, it is attached to a stationary grate step.

For example, the grate frame fastening means and/or the grate bar fastening means can have at least two spaced-apart bolts, screws, threaded rods, grub screws, threaded bolts, hammer head screws, etc. and/or holes for fastening, e.g. B. for screwing the casting in question to the underlying grate frame.

Particularly preferably, the grate bar fastening means can each comprise a recess, most preferably polygonal, which extends through the respective side wall. A polygonal, especially rectangular, recess is particularly advantageous for assembly, since the castings - especially the outer castings that are screwed to the grate frame - are often only accessible from one side wall. The castings can be screwed tight from one side using hammerhead screws or similar screws that do not rotate when tightened.

More preferably, the recesses can lie opposite one another. Most preferably, they can be arranged at a height of the stationary grate bars.

For this purpose, at least the inner casting can advantageously have such grate bar fastening means.

Particularly preferably, however, both castings can each comprise grate bar fastening means for lateral attachment to the respective adjacent, stationary grate bar, whereby the castings are coupled at the relevant end to the respective (laterally) adjacent grate track.

For even heat absorption, i.e. H. So that the castings do not heat up unequally across their surface, the castings can preferably be placed on the outer sides facing away from each other on the grate track side between the top side, the bottom side and the two end faces, with the exception of the said recess for attachment to the stationary grate bar, which is otherwise flat or smooth , have a closed side wall.

Preferably, the feed grate described above can comprise two center beams made up of several grate track separating elements. As mentioned, each of the center beams already described above is composed of several grate separating elements, the number of which is determined based on the length of the advancing grate in the longitudinal direction of the grate. Here, for example, the grate track separation elements are designed in such a way that one grate track separation element is required for each stationary grate level.

In the case of a three-lane feed grate, the center beams formed by the grate-track separating elements can preferably be arranged between an outer grate track and a common inner grate track.

Preferably, the center beams can be designed to be mirrored and arranged relative to one another in such a way that they each allow thermal expansion of the inner grate track, to which an outer casting of a grate track separating element of the respective center bar is attached, to the outside. This is made possible by the inner casting of a grate separating element being slidably mounted in the outer casting of the grate separating element, so that e.g. B. an additional widening in the transverse extension due to thermal expansion during operation (relative to the significantly colder assembly condition) is not a problem. In general, the degree of transverse expansion of a grate sheet depends on several factors, such as: B. from the grate bar material used, the combustion temperature and the grate track width. For example, the transverse expansion in a conventional grate track can advantageously be made of a heat-resistant casting, such as. B. the material with the material number. 1.4828 (with a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 17.5 - 18.0 x10 ^-6 K ^-1 between 20° C and 400 - 600°C; scale resistant up to 1000° C in air) with a grate width of approx. 4 m at a typical Combustion chamber temperature of approx. 400° should be approx. 2.66 cm.

There are also various options for the design of the grate separating elements inside. In principle, the cast parts of the grate separating elements can, as mentioned, be designed to be open towards at least one side or side wall, i.e. cast as a kind of “half-shell”. In longitudinal section, the castings can therefore be described as essentially C-shaped.

The inside of the castings can also be largely hollow in order to save material when casting and also to keep the weight of the castings as low as possible. Furthermore, the heat, for example due to incident thermal radiation, can be dissipated more easily from hollow, generally thin-walled components than from components made of solid material. This means that the castings are easier to cool, which significantly increases their service life and durability.

In order to be able to dissipate the heat or heat radiation absorbed during intended use more evenly so that the cast parts do not heat up too much during operation, the cast parts can preferably have a number of ribs on the inside, particularly preferably on the respective inside of the side wall. Ribs here mean elongated wall parts that protrude in a web shape on a surface and which protrude, for example, perpendicular to the wall surface or surface. The ribs can be straight, curved, wave-shaped or similar along their longitudinal extent.

By means of the ribs formed on the inside of the castings, among other things, Geometrically determined temperature gradients within the individual castings - due to the fact that the castings are exposed to heat radiation very unevenly overall, namely predominantly on the top sides as well as in the upper areas of the front end and the side walls - can be compensated for or dissipated very effectively. As a result, so-called “stress peaks” (which, if ignored, lead to stress cracks in the castings, at least in the long term) are distributed evenly over the entire half-shells at particularly hot points on the castings. The above-mentioned cooling circuits with the pipes, which run through the half-shell-shaped castings for further cooling of the castings, also help in dissipating the heat from the cover sides.

The ribs not only serve to distribute or dissipate heat, but also serve as physical reinforcement of the castings, in particular the two side walls to which the castings are screwed to the stationary grate bars adjacent to the sides.

During assembly, the castings are arranged with the above-mentioned open sides to one another and partially overlapping one another on the adjacent components - but not on the other casting - mounted.

In addition to the open side, the castings can also be designed to be open at the bottom on their bottom side. The cast parts can be described as hollow building blocks that can be moved into one another and are open downwards and to one side.

In other words, the cast parts of a grate track separating element can be designed in a half-shell shape such that, when installed as intended, they together form a grate track separating element of variable width that can be moved into one another.

• 1 eine vereinfachte Schnittdarstellung durch eine Festbrennstoffverbrennungsanlage mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Vorschubrosts,
• 2 eine perspektivische, isoliert dargestellte Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Vorschubrosts gemäß 1 sowie einen vergrößert dargestellten Ausschnitt mehrerer Rostbahntrennungselemente samt benachbarter Roststufen in einem zurückgezogenen Zustand der beweglichen Roststufen bzw. Roststäbe,
• 3 denselben vergrößert dargestellten Ausschnitt aus 2, nun allerdings in einem vollständig vorgeschobenen Zustand der beweglichen Roststufen bzw. Roststäbe,
• 4 einen Teil eines Längsschnitts durch den Vorschubrost aus 2 entlang der Schnittlinie A-A,
• 5 denselben Teil des Längsschnitts durch den Vorschubrost aus 4 (leicht versetzt) entlang der Schnittlinie A-A, diesmal jedoch mit Blick von der anderen Seite,
• 6 einen Querschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie B-B durch den Vorschubrost aus 2 sowie einen vergrößert dargestellten Ausschnitt eines Rostbahntrennungselements im Querschnitt mit Blick ins Innere,
• 7 eine perspektivische Unteransicht eines isoliert dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Rostbahntrennungselements (mit eingegossenem Kühlkreislauf mitsamt Rohrleitungen),
• 8 eine perspektivische, isolierte Ansicht auf die Rohrleitungen des Kühlkreislaufs (ohne die Gussteile des Rostbahntrennungselements) des Ausführungsbeispiels aus 7,
• 9 eine Seitenansicht auf eine offene Seite eines äußeren Gussteils des Ausführungsbeispiels aus 7,
• 10 eine Seitenansicht auf eine offene Seite eines inneren Gussteils des Ausführungsbeispiels aus 7,
• 11 eine perspektivische Unteransicht eines isoliert dargestellten weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Rostbahntrennungselements (mit eingegossenem Kühlkreislauf).

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached figures using exemplary embodiments. The same components are provided with identical reference numbers in the various figures. The figures are usually not to scale. Show it:

• 1 a simplified sectional view through a solid fuel combustion system with an exemplary embodiment of a moving grate according to the invention,
• 2 a perspective, isolated view of the feed grate according to the invention 1 and an enlarged section of several grate separating elements including adjacent grate steps in a retracted state of the movable grate steps or grate bars,
• 3 the same enlarged section 2 , but now in a completely advanced state of the movable grate steps or grate bars,
• 4 part of a longitudinal section through the moving grate 2 along the section line AA,
• 5 the same part of the longitudinal cut through the moving grate 4 (slightly offset) along section line AA, but this time looking from the other side,
• 6 a cross section along the cutting line BB through the moving grate 2 and an enlarged section of a grate separating element in cross section with a view of the interior,
• 7 a perspective bottom view of an isolated exemplary embodiment of a grate separating element according to the invention (with a cast-in cooling circuit including pipes),
• 8th a perspective, isolated view of the pipes of the cooling circuit (without the castings of the grate separating element) of the exemplary embodiment 7 ,
• 9 a side view of an open side of an outer casting of the exemplary embodiment 7 ,
• 10 a side view of an open side of an inner casting of the exemplary embodiment 7 ,
• 11 a perspective bottom view of a further exemplary embodiment of a grate separating element according to the invention (with a cast-in cooling circuit), shown in isolation.

Based on the roughly schematic sectional view of 1 The structure of a solid fuel combustion system 60 will first be described as an example with an exemplary embodiment of a feed grate 50 or combustion grate 50 according to the invention. 2 shows the feed grate 50 even larger and isolated. When installed in the solid fuel combustion system, this can, as in 1 shown, can be used in the solid fuel combustion system 60 for sliding grate firing in a combustion chamber 62.

This is based on 2 feed grate 50, described in more detail below, in the combustion chamber 62 of the solid fuel combustion system 60. The solid fuel to be burned is constantly supplied to this combustion chamber 62 via a feed shaft 61. During combustion, the fuel bed in the combustion chamber 62 is continuously transported diagonally downwards over the feed grate 50 by the feed movements of every second grate stage (as already mentioned above). The upper area on the feed grate 50 facing the feed shaft 61 is a drying and degassing zone; the main combustion takes place in the middle area and the afterburning takes place in the lower area.

Below the feed grate 50, funnel-like ash collectors 66 are arranged, which collect the ash resulting from combustion, which, among other things, passes through the air slots 59s (see in particular in the enlarged section of 2 ) falls down between the grate bars, collect it and feed it to the subsequent conveyor devices 67. At the lower end of the feed grate 50 there is a slag conveyor device 69. The ash and slag are further disposed of using suitable devices, which are not shown in detail here. Above the combustion chamber 62 there are boiler flues through which the flue gas is guided so that its energy can be transferred to the heating surfaces, e.g. B. fin walls of the boiler trains. The cooled flue gas is then passed through a filter system 64, which is only shown roughly schematically, and the filtered flue gases then exit the solid fuel combustion system 60 via an outlet 65. It is expressly pointed out that the solid fuel combustion system in 1 is only shown very roughly schematically, since the structure of such solid fuel combustion systems is known in principle to those skilled in the art and the other components, in particular the devices for collecting and disposing of the ash and slag, for filtering the flue gases and for feeding the solid fuel into the combustion system, for the invention is not essential.

As in 2 As can be seen in an overall view, the feed grate 50 comprises several, namely here exactly three, grate tracks 51, 52, 53 running parallel in the feed direction 50V or grate longitudinal direction 50V. Two grate tracks 51, 52, 53 are each connected by one also in the grate longitudinal direction 50V running central beams 200 separated from each other. This center beam 200 is composed of a large number of grate track separating elements 100 according to the invention, which will be explained in more detail later. These are arranged in a row in the longitudinal direction of the grate 50V or in their longitudinal extent 100L on a grate frame 54 of the feed grate 50.

As usual, each of the grate tracks 51, 52, 53 is made up of a large number of grate steps 55, 57 arranged in steps with individual grate bars 56, 58 with a height 59. Here the grate bars or grate stones 56 of every second grate level 55 are stored in a stationary manner. Relative to the stationary grate steps 55, the intermediate grate bars 58 of the intermediate grate steps 57, on the other hand, are mounted in a feed-movable manner. Theoretically it would also be conceivable that e.g. B. two grate levels would be stationary and only every third grate level would be designed to be movable, or other similar constructions.

In addition to the individual grate bars 56 arranged side by side in a grate transverse direction (perpendicular to the longitudinal grate direction 50V), the stationary grate steps 55 mentioned include elongated, wave-shaped or cylindrical grate bar supports or cross members (not shown or hidden) below the grate steps 55.

The elongated grate bar supports in turn lie at the ends at the lateral end of the grate tracks 51, 52, 53 on two longitudinal supports of the horizontal B at an angle of inclination of 50g (see 4 and 5 ) inclined grate frame 54. The longitudinal beams, together with other transverse cross beams at the beginning and end of the grate tracks 51, 52, 53, form an outer stable, rectangular frame or substructure of the grate frame 54.

Between these fixed grate bar supports mounted on the two outer longitudinal supports of the respective grate track 51, 52, 53, there are further movable cross beams as part of the movable grate steps 57. The movable grate bars 58 are mounted on these cross beams in the same way as the previously mentioned stationary grate bars 56 and firmly anchored.

The movable grate bar supports or cross beams under the movable grate steps 57 are in turn mounted at the ends on longitudinal supports of an inner, rectangular frame or substructure of the grate frame 54.

This inner rectangular frame or substructure of the grate structure 54 rests as a whole with guide carriages on guide supports of the outer frame or substructure and can be moved back and forth relative to the outer frame or substructure in the feed direction 50V by means of a hydraulic drive.

The grate bars 56, 58 are specifically formed by means of a grate bar support receptacle (not shown here) in the underside of the grate bars 56, 58 at a rear end section in the feed direction 50V in the form of a downwardly open, U-shaped recess on the respective grate bar supports of the grate steps 55 , 57 stored and firmly anchored to them. For this purpose, the grate bars 56 are each placed with their U-shaped recess “at the back” on the wave-shaped grate bar supports and at the front on the top of a next-lower, feed-movable grate bar 58 of the next-lower, feed-movable grate stage 57.

It should be mentioned at this point that the design of grate bars is fundamentally known to those skilled in this field. For example, the grate bars 56, 58 could be as in the WO 2018/149516 A1 described, designed or formed in their shape.

As in, among others 2 and 6 can be seen, the individual grate steps 55, 57 of the grate tracks 51, 52, 53 and the individual grate track separating elements 100 of the center beam 200 are each partially connected or anchored to one another and partially to the underlying grate frame 54. Especially in the enlarged section of 6 It can be seen that the respective stationary grate bars 56 adjacent to the grate track separating elements 100 of the central beam 200 are each connected to the respective casting 110, 140 of the relevant grate track separating element 100 by means of corresponding grate bar fastening means 132, 133, 162, 163, as will be described in more detail below is explained.

In addition, the middle, stationary grate bars 56 of the grate steps 55 of the middle grate track 52 are anchored or screwed centrally to the underlying grate frame 54 to form a fixed anchor point 210 or fixed point 210 (see schematically in 6 , more detailed explanation will follow later).

i.e. As temperatures rise, the individual grate bars 56 of the grate steps 55 as well as the grate bars 58 of the grate steps 56 lying on them in a feed-movable manner expand from there from the center in an expansion direction 211 or expansion compensation direction 211 to the sides outwards, i.e. H. in the direction of the two outer grate tracks 51, 53. In order to enable this temperature-related increase in width of the middle grate track 52 to the side or outwards in the direction of the adjacent center beams 200 (from the individual grate track separating elements 100) or in the direction of the two outer grate tracks 51, 53, the inner castings 140 (which Yes, each is firmly screwed to the inner grate track 52) can move sufficiently far outwards under the outer castings 110 or can expand freely under them.

The outer castings 110 are in turn fixed (decoupled from the inner castings 140) by means of grate frame fastening means 125, 127, each forming a further “inner” anchor point 210 or fixed point 210 on the underlying grate frame 54 and anchored to it, as further below will be explained in more detail. The two outer grate tracks 51, 53, which are each anchored or firmly screwed on one side at the inner end of one of the two outer castings 110, expand outwards in the same expansion direction 211 at high temperatures. So that they can spread or expand freely outwards, the respective outermost grate bars 56, 58 of the grate steps 55, 57 of the grate tracks 51, 53 are correspondingly under side edge pockets 54R or edge drawers 54R of the grate frame 54 (as mentioned at the beginning). stored in a movable manner.

Based on 2 until 10 The shape and design of the grate track separating elements 100 will now be described in more detail, which, as mentioned, are arranged or mounted on a grate frame 54 in such a way that together they each form a central beam 200 for separating two grate tracks 51, 52 or 52, 53.

As shown in the two side views of the grate separating elements 100 of the feed grate 50 along the section line AA in 4 and 5 You can see the castings 110, 140 with a predominantly flat bottom side 111, 141 on the horizontal B underneath in one Inclination angle 50g inclined grate frame 54 of the feed grate 50 is arranged. They rest at two raised points or supports 111e, 141e on the bottom sides 111, 141 on one of the diagonally sloping longitudinal beams of the grate frame 54 already mentioned above. i.e. Seen as a whole, the castings 110, 140 do not lie on the entire surface over their entire length 119, 149, but are arranged everywhere else (in the longitudinal extent 100L before, between and after the raised supports 111e, 141e) with some play at a distance from the longitudinal beam, which is in particular a unwanted heat transfer to the grate frame 54 is reduced and in the case of the inner castings 140 that can be moved outwards into the outer castings 110, the friction is also reduced.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, only the outer castings 110 in the area of the raised supports 111e also have grate frame fastening means 127 in the form of holes 127 passing through the bottom side 111 in order to attach the outer castings 110 to the grate frame 54 by means of a matching grate frame, as already mentioned above - Fasteners 125 to be firmly anchored. Corresponding to the holes 127, the grate frame fastening means 125 are here z. B. in the form of elongated bolts 125, which fit or grip into the holes 127 and thus hold the outer castings 110 stationary on the grate frame 54.

Like especially in the 7 , 9 and 10 can be seen, there is also a rectangular recess 135, 165 cut out in the bottom sides 111, 141 of the castings 110, 140 between the two raised supports 111e, 141e. At the edge of the recess, a cooling circuit 121, 151 with pipes 122, 152 for water cooling of the castings 110, 140 leads along the side wall and further into the top walls of the castings. When connected to a cooling circuit system (not shown), each individual can Casting 110, 140 e.g. B. be cooled individually or separately. More detailed details about the cooling circuit 121, 151 with the pipes 122, 152 follow after the description of the geometric shape of the castings 110, 140.

Opposite the bottom side 111, 141, the castings 110, 140, which are essentially hollow overall, i.e. in principle cast like hollow building blocks, have a roof-like, in particular tailcoat-like, cover side 112, 142 on the top side, which is between a first cover section 115, 145 (see 9 and 10 ) and a second deck section 116, 146 comprises a fold line 113, 143 or ridge line 113, 143. Viewed from the side (see 4 and 5 ) the ridge line 113, 143 corresponds to the highest point of the respective cover side 112, 142 when installed as intended. The grate web separating elements 100 are arranged and designed on the grate frame 54 of the feed grate 50 in such a way that the first cover section 115, 145 is each slightly backwards sloping gradient α is aligned with the horizontal B or with the floor B, so that solid fuel to be burned on the feed grate 50 is circulated better, as already explained above.

On the front side between the cover side 112, 142 and the bottom side 111, 141, the first cover section 115, 145 is adjoined by a rear end face 118, 148, which, when installed as intended, has the top side 112, 142 and the bottom side 111, 141 at the back or "top", based on the sloping grate frame 54.

At the front end - opposite the rear end face 118, 148 - a front end face 117, 147 adjoins the second cover section 115, 145 between the cover side 112, 142 and the bottom side 111, 141 in the outer casting 110. When installed as intended, this is located at the front in the longitudinal grate direction 50V or feed direction 50V, as mentioned.

In the case of the inner casting 140, the cover side 142 has a further, second fold line 168 or rear edge 168, from which the cover side 142 is in a third cover section 166 which is only at a slight angle to it and has a slight angle (approx. 160°-170°). , i.e. with an almost flowing transition, is aligned on a front edge 167 of the third cover section 166 in the front end face 147. The third cover section 166 adjoining the second cover section 146 can also be referred to as the front section 166 of the cover side 142, since the front end face 147 then adjoins this in the inner casting 140.

In the structure explained above, when the grate track separating element 100 is installed as intended in the feed grate 50 on the grate frame 54, it closes with the directly adjacent, stationary grate bar 56, and the front section 166 of the inner casting 140 is flush with the front front side 56a of the grate bar 56, since this Grate track separation element 100 is adapted in shape at least in places to the shape of the grate bars 56. i.e. In the transverse extension 100Q (or grate transverse direction) perpendicular to the grate longitudinal direction 50V, the transition from the middle grate track 52 to the respective inner casting 100 is stepless or seamless, as is particularly good in 3 you can see. The inner castings 140 are shaped exactly so that the second fold line 168 or rear edge 168 lies between the second deck section 146 and the third deck section 166 or front section 166 lies in alignment with an upper edge of a front side 58a of a movable, completely advanced grate bar 58 in the transverse extension 100Q. Furthermore, they are shaped in such a way that a front edge 167 of the front section 166, as already mentioned, ends or is aligned in the transverse extension 100Q in alignment with a front edge 56a of a stationary grate bar 56.

Like in particular 7 As can be seen, the castings 110, 140 are essentially adapted to one another in shape and size. A total length 119 or total length 119 of the outer casting 110 corresponds exactly to a total length 149 or total length 149 of the inner casting 140.

In contrast to the inner casting 140, the outer casting 110, however, has a covering projection 136 in the area of the top side 112, around which the outer casting 110 views the inner casting 140 from the side (see in particular 4 ) protrudes or covers the cover sides 112, 142 by a wall thickness or thickness. As a result, the inner casting 140 can be pushed into the outer casting 110 to a certain extent in alignment with the outer casting 110 in the transverse extension 100Q. This covering projection 136 is also particularly designed in the area of the front section 167. It provides a sufficient overhang or overlap in the transverse extension 100Q, so that the cast parts 110, 140, when installed as intended, can always together form a closed, stepped overall cover side 112, 142, the lower step of which is always at least partially covered in the transverse extension 100Q by the cover overhang 136 is. This ensures that, as a rule, no solid fuel gets between the castings 110, 140 or into the hollow or interior space of the castings 110, 140 formed by the castings 110, 140. The cover projection 136 is also designed to be sufficiently deep in the transverse extension 100Q, so that the inner casting 140 never hits the outer casting 110, even if the grate bars 56, 58 of the grate steps 55, 57 and the inner casting in question are temporarily affected by particularly high temperatures 140 (relative to a “cold” assembly width) seen overall across the entire width in the transverse extension 100Q, an increase in width or expansion of several centimeters to one decimeter is experienced.

As already mentioned above, the castings 110, 140 have a cooling circuit 121, 151 with pipes 122, 152 that can be connected to a controllable cooling circuit system. These pipes 122, 152 are cast into the walls of the castings 110, 140. An inlet pipe section leads laterally along the insides 131i, 161i of the side walls 131, 161. After a bend (near the already mentioned bend line 113, 143 of the cover sides 112, 142), in which the pipes 122, 152 follow the wall of the cover side 112, 142 in both castings 110, 140, the pipes 122, 152 run then “circularly” in an almost closed circle parallel to the cover side 112, 142 through the respective casting 110, 140. In this circular pipe section parallel along the tailcoat-like cover side 112, 142, the pipes 122, 152 (slightly offset inwards) essentially follow the outside edges of the castings 110, 140, so that the cover sides 112, 142 and the uppermost edge regions on the end faces 117, 118 and the side walls 131, 161 are cooled as evenly as possible from the inside.

After another bend (again near the bend line 113, 143, just before the pipes 122, 152 meet the bend on the inlet pipe section again), an outlet pipe section finally runs parallel to the inlet pipe section again in the direction of the bottom side 111, 141 laterally on the insides 131i, 161i of the side walls 131, 161 or side walls 131, 161 along and vertically out of the bottom side 111, 141 out of the castings 110, 140. During operation in the connected state, “cool” water can flow continuously through the pipes 122, 152 of the two separate cooling circuits 121, 151, which cools in particular the exposed cover sides 112, 142 of the castings 110, 140, especially those slightly (with the covering projection 136 ) protruding cover side 112 of the outer casting 110. The heat absorbed by the cooling water in the grate separating element 100 can then be tapped off elsewhere in an energy-saving manner using the direct use of energy or generation of electricity and thus the water can be cooled again accordingly and then used again for cooling the pipelines to be pumped.

For fastening the castings 110, 140 of the grate track separating elements 100 to the adjacent grate bars 56, the castings 110, 140, as mentioned above, each comprise grate bar fastening means 132, 162 in the form of recesses 132, 162 in their side walls 131, 161 and side walls 131, respectively. 161. The recesses 132, 162 in the side walls 131, 161 extend continuously from a respective inside 131i, 161i to a respective outside 131a, 161a of the side walls 131, 161. Blind around the grate bars 56 adjacent to the castings 110, 140 , ie without countering, e.g. B. by screwing on a jam nut in opposite directions from the inside 131i, 161i of the castings 110, 140 (which is difficult to reach during assembly) on the outside 131a, 161a, the recesses 132, 162 each have a rectangular cross section.

Corresponding grate bar fastening means 133, 163 in the form of hammer head screws 133, 163 are used, which allow the said grate bars 56 to be screwed to the cast parts 110, 140 from the outside 131a, 161a of the side walls 131, 161 with simple nuts (without that the difficult to reach inside 131i, 161i must be accessible). As is generally known, the head of the hammerhead screws 133, 163, which can be inserted in one orientation through the recess 132, 162, is guided through the recess 132, 162 in exactly this orientation and then rotated or fixed essentially by 90 °, whereby the hammerhead screws 132 , 162 are secured against further twisting in this direction. A grate bar 56 guided over the thread of the respective hammer head screw 133, 163 can then be firmly screwed from the outside 131a, 161a to the respective casting 110, 140 using a suitable nut.

Alternatively, the hammerhead screws could, if necessary, be inserted beforehand or, if they are easier to reach, guided through the recess 132, 162 and screwed in later.

The properly screwed state of two grate bars 56 - each with one of the castings 110, 140 - is shown in the enlarged circular section 6 particularly easy to see. This detail shows a cross-sectional view through a grate track separating element 100 coupled to the grate bars 56 and resting on an H-beam or longitudinal beam of the grate frame 54, which is anchored on the side of the outer casting 110 on the bottom side with the grate frame 54 by means of the already mentioned grate frame fastening means 125 .

When the grate track separating elements 100 are mounted on a grate frame 54 to form a central beam 200 for separating two grate tracks 51, 52, 53 of a feed grate 50 of a combustion furnace 70, the front end face 117, 147 of a cast part 110, 140 is flush with a front face 56a an adjacent stationary grate bar 56 of the feed grate 50 is arranged and the respective casting 110, 140 is screwed to the stationary grate bar 56 of the relevant grate track 51, 52, 53.

With the structure described above, an improved, expansion-compensating, three-lane feed grate 50 is created, which has a significantly longer service life and which can be used, for example. B. compared to a two-lane feed grate from the prior art, it makes it possible to burn significantly larger amounts of solid fuel evenly in the same time.

Based on 11 A further exemplary embodiment of an alternative grate track separating element 100 'will now be described, which is for another exemplary embodiment of a feed grate according to the invention, namely a feed grate with only two tracks, which z. B. could only include the two grate tracks 51, 52, can be used. This grate track separating element 100' is - unlike the previously described grate track separating element 100, which, as mentioned, consists of two individually cast castings 110, 140 - is formed in one piece from a single casting.

Otherwise, it should first be mentioned that the external shape is very similar. The grate separating element 100' also has a flat bottom side 101' with two raised, strip-shaped supports 101e', with which the grate separating element 100' comes to rest directly on a grate frame. Within the two strip-shaped supports 101e' there are two holes 127' as part of grate frame fastening means 127' for fastening the grate track separating elements 100' to the grate frame. Using suitable screws or bolts as corresponding grate frame fastening means, the grate track separating element 100' can be firmly attached to the grate frame underneath.

Opposite the bottom side 101', the grate separating element 100' also has a roof-like, in particular tailcoat-like top or cover side 102', which also includes a first cover section 105' and a second cover section 106' extending obliquely thereto, the transition of which is a straight ridge line 103'. or fold line 103` forms. As in the previously described exemplary embodiment, the cover sections 105', 106' are again arranged at an obtuse bend angle 104' to one another.

Between the bottom side 101' and the top side 102', the grate track separating element 100' has a front end face 107' in the longitudinal extension at the front and a rear end face 108' at the rear, which in the simplest case are simply designed to be flat over the entire surface and the distance from one another is a total length 109' of the grate track separating element 100 ' Are defined. The total length 109' is normally the same length as the respective total lengths 119, 149 of the previously described two-part grate track separating element 100 for multi-track feed grates 54 with at least three grate tracks 51, 52, 53. In the case of a simple two-track feed grate, the one-piece grate track doors can Voltage elements 100 'with exactly the same grate steps 55, 57 and grate bars 56, 58 can be used. When installed as intended, the one-piece grate separating elements 100', as well as the two-part grate separating elements 100 described above, are arranged one behind the other with the end faces 107', 108' butt-to-butt to form a central beam on the grate frame, i.e. they overlap one another not. This has the advantage that the grate separating elements 100 'are installed independently of one another during installation and z. B. can be easily replaced individually in the event of a defect, without the other grate track separating elements 100 'of the center beam also having to be removed one after the other.

The one-piece grate track separating elements can also be mounted on the grate frame in such a way that the first cover section of the cover side is inclined backwards and solid fuel can collect on it, which is then automatically stoked by sliding on the second cover section to the next first cover section which serves as a storage area. can be circulated. The orientation of the grate bars is then tilted backwards, as is the case with the middle beams of the multi-lane, here three-lane, moving grate.

Laterally, i.e. H. In the transverse extension 100Q of the grate track separating element 100' perpendicular to the longitudinal extension 100L, the grate track separating element 100' has a side wall 131' between the bottom side 101', top side 102' and the two end faces 107', 108'. The outer sides 131a' of the side walls 131' are flat, whereas on the inner sides 131i' of the side walls 131', among other things. a plurality of web-shaped projecting ribs 134' are formed, which serve to dissipate or dissipate the heat absorbed on the outer sides 131a' during operation. In addition, pipes 122' of a cooling circuit 121' are cast on the insides 131i' of the side walls 131', which protrude slightly on the insides 131i' of the side walls 131' compared to the remaining wall surface. This ensures that the side walls 131' can be made thinner overall and can therefore also be cooled more easily. In addition, material can be saved when casting the grate separating element 100'.

Continuously through the side walls 131' from the inside 131i' to the outside 131a', the grate separating element 100' also has rectangular recesses 132', each of which serves to fasten an adjacent, stationary grate bar of a grate step, so as to form a grate separating element 100' with a grate step to connect a grate track.

Finally, it should be pointed out once again that the grate track separating elements described in detail above are merely exemplary embodiments which can be modified in a variety of ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the ribs shown in the respective exemplary embodiments, in particular their position, number, dimensions and shape, are only shown as examples, i.e. H. they could e.g. B. can also be shorter, at smaller or larger intervals, in larger or smaller numbers or distributed and designed differently. Alternatively or additionally, the grate track separating elements can be provided with further suitable cooling circuits with different routes, e.g. B. be interspersed with additional loops etc. pipes. Furthermore, the use of the indefinite articles “a” or “an” does not exclude the fact that the characteristics in question can be present multiple times.

Reference symbol list

50

Fire grate / moving grate

50V

Grate longitudinal direction / feed direction of the feed grate

50g

Angle of inclination of the moving grate / grate frame

51, 52, 53

Rust tracks

54

Grate frame/grate support

54R

Edge pocket/edge drawer

55

Rust level, stationary

56

Rust bar, stationary

56a

front face of the stationary grate bar

57

Grate level, movable

58

Grate bar, movable

58a

front front side of the advanced, movable grate bar

59

Height of the grate bars

59s

Air vents

60

Solid fuel combustion plant

61

feed shaft

62

combustion chamber

64

Filter system

65

outlet

66

funnel-like ash collectors

67

Funding institutions

69

Slag conveyor device

70

Incinerator

100,100`

Grate track separation element

100Q

Transverse extension

100L

Longitudinal extension

101'

bottom side

101e'

raised support on the bottom side

102`

Cover page

103`

Crease line / ridge line

104`

Bend angle

105`

first deck section of the deck side

106`

second deck section of the deck side

107`

front face

108`

rear face

109`

entire length of the grate separating element

121'

Cooling circuit

122`

Piping

127'

Grate frame fasteners/holes

131'

side walls

131a'

Outside of the side walls

131i'

Inside of the side walls

132`

Grate bar fasteners/recess

134`

Ribs

135'

rectangular recess on the bottom side

110

outer casting of the grate separating element

111

bottom side

111e

raised support on the bottom side

112

Cover page

113

first fold line / ridge line

114

Bend angle

115

first deck section of the deck side

116

second deck section of the deck side

117

front face

118

rear face

119

Total length of the outer casting

121

Cooling circuit of the external casting

122

Piping of the external casting

125

Grating frame fasteners/bolts

127

Grate frame fasteners/outer casting holes

131

Side wall

131a

Outside of the side wall of the outer casting

131i

Inside of the side wall of the inner casting

132

Grate bar fastener / outer casting recess

133

Rust bar fasteners/hammer head screws

134

Ribs

135

Recess of the outer casting on the bottom side

136

Cover overhang

137

Front surface

140

inner casting of the grate separating element

141

bottom side

141e

raised support on the bottom side

142

Cover page

143

first fold line / ridge line

144

Bend angle

145

first deck section of the deck side

146

second deck section of the deck side

147

front face

148

rear face

149

Total length of the inner casting

151

Cooling circuit of the inner casting

152

Internal casting piping

161

Side wall

161a

Outside of the side wall of the inner casting

161i

Inside of the side wall of the inner casting

162

Grate bar fastener/inner casting recess

163

Rust bar fasteners/hammer head screws

165

Recess of the inner casting on the bottom side

166

third deck section / front section

167

front edge of the front section

168

rear edge of the front section / second fold line of the cover side

200

center beam

210

Fixed point / anchor point

211

Expansion direction / expansion compensation direction

α

Slope / angle of inclination of the first deck section to the horizontal

b

Horizontal / floor

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2018/149516 A1 [0003, 0100]
• DE 102015101356 A1 [0032, 0053]

Claims (15)

Grate track separation element (100) for separating a multi-lane moving grate (50) of a moving grate firing system, with at least two castings (110, 140) which can be moved into one another in a transverse extension (100Q), wherein in at least one of the castings (110, 140), preferably in each casting (110, 140), there is a cooling circuit (121, 151) made of pipes (122, 152) is designed, whereby the castings (110, 140) each have a bottom side (111, 141) which, when installed in the feed grate (50) as intended, faces a grate frame (54) of the feed grate (50), each have a cover side (112, 142) opposite the bottom side (111, 141), which in a first cover section (115, 145) runs obliquely along a longitudinal extension (100L) up to a fold line (113, 143) from the bottom side (111, 141). have a front end face (117, 147) and a rear end face (118, 148), which each connect the bottom side (111, 141) and the top side (112, 142). Grate track separating element Claim 1 , wherein the two castings (110, 140) of the grate separating element (100) are designed such that an inner casting (140) can be moved transversely to the longitudinal extent (100L) relative to an outer casting (110) of the castings (110, 140). , and the outer casting (110) has a covering projection (136) which covers the inner casting (140), preferably over the entire length (149) in the longitudinal extent (100L), on the cover side (142). Grate track separating element Claim 1 or 2 , wherein a total cover side (112, 142) of the grate track separating element (100) is stepped in the transverse extension (100Q) at a transition from the cover side (112) of the first casting (110) to the cover side (142) of the second casting (140). Grate track separating element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the castings (110, 140), preferably at least the inner casting (140), has a third cover section (166) which is attached to the second cover section (146) from a further fold line (168 ) connects to the cover side (140) and from there runs diagonally towards the front end side (147). Grate track separation element according to one of the above Claims 2 until 4 , wherein the covering projection (136) of the outer casting (110) is designed such that it covers the third cover section (166) of the inner casting (140) on a front surface (137) of the outer casting (110), wherein preferably the front surface ( 137) is flush with the front face (117) of the outer casting (110). Grate track separating element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the castings (110, 140), preferably the outer casting (110), has grate frame fastening means (125, 127) on the bottom side (112) for fastening the casting (110) to the grate frame (54 ) having. Grate track separating element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the castings (110, 140), preferably at least the inner casting (140), has a grate bar fastening means (133) on a side wall (131, 161) facing away from the other casting (110, 140). , 132, 162, 163) for fastening the cast part to an adjacent grate bar (56), the grate bar fastening means (133, 132, 162, 163) preferably having one continuous through the respective side wall (131, 161), particularly preferably polygons, recess (132, 162). Grate track separation element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a kink angle (114, 144) on the kink line (113, 143) between the first cover section (115, 145) and the second cover section (116, 146) of the castings (110, 140) is obtuse , preferably at least 110°, particularly preferably at least 120°, more preferably at least 130° and preferably at most 150°, particularly preferably approximately 140°, and / or wherein a bend angle (144) between the second cover section (145) and the third Cover section (146) of the inner casting (140) is blunt, preferably at least 110°, particularly preferably at least 120°, more preferably at least 130° and preferably at most 140°, particularly preferably approximately 135°. Grate track separation element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first cover section (115, 145) comprises at least 51%, preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 70% of the cover side (110, 140) of the grate track separation element (100). Grate track separating element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the castings (110, 140) have a number of ribs (134) on the inside, preferably on a side wall (131, 161) facing away from the other casting (110, 140). Feed grate (50), which comprises at least two, preferably at least three, grate tracks (51, 52, 53) which are mounted on an inclined grate frame (54), the grate tracks (51, 52, 53) each being several, in the form of steps in one The grate longitudinal direction (50V) comprises grate steps (55, 57) arranged one above the other, which in turn each comprise a plurality of grate bars (56, 58) arranged next to one another in a row, the advancing grate (50) having a central bar (51, 52, 53) between two grate tracks (51, 52, 53). 200), which comprises a plurality of grate track separation elements (100, 100') arranged one above the other in the longitudinal grate direction (50V), at least some of the grate track separation elements (100, 100') - each having a bottom side (101', 111, 141), which each to the grate frame (54) of the feed grate (50), - each has a cover side (102', 112, 142) opposite the bottom side (101', 111, 141), which is in a first cover section (105', 115, 145 ) runs obliquely along a longitudinal extension (100L) up to a bend line (103', 113, 143) from the bottom side (101', 111, 141) and from the bend line (103', 113, 143) in a second deck section (106 ', 116, 146) further along the longitudinal extension (100L) in turn tapers diagonally towards the bottom side (101', 111, 141), and - each with a front end face (107', 117, 147) and a rear end face (108', 118, 148), which each connect the bottom side (101', 111, 141) and the top side (102', 112, 142), the grate track separating elements (100, 100') in the longitudinal grate direction (50V) with their end faces (107 ', 108', 117, 118, 147, 148) are lined up end to end, and/or at least some of the grate separating elements (100) according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 is trained. Advance grate according to 11, wherein the grate track separating elements (100, 100`) are arranged in the feed grate (50) in such a way that the first cover section (105', 115, 145) of a respective grate track separating element (100, 100`) is in each case by an angle of inclination (α) , which is preferably between 5° and 10°, is inclined to the horizontal (B). Advance grate Claim 11 or 12 , comprising two center beams (200) with a plurality of grate track separating elements (100), according to one of the above Claims 1 until 10 , which are arranged between an outer grate track (51, 53) and a common inner grate track (52), the center bars (200) being designed to be mirrored and arranged relative to one another in such a way that they each allow thermal expansion of the inner grate track (52), to which an outer casting (110) of a grate track separating element (100) of the respective central beam (200) is attached, allow the outer casting (110) of a grate track separating element (100) over the inner casting (140) of the grate track separating element ( 100) can be pushed. Combustion furnace (70), in particular for solid fuel combustion, with a feed grate (50) according to one of the above Claims 11 until 13 . Method for producing a grate track separating element (100) for a multi-lane moving grate (50) of a moving grate furnace, wherein at least two castings (110, 140) which can be moved into one another in a transverse extension (100Q) are provided, wherein in at least one of the castings (110, 140), preferably in each casting (110, 140), a cooling circuit (121, 151) made of pipes (122, 152) is formed, preferably during a casting process for producing the castings (110, 140) is poured in, and wherein the castings (110, 140) are designed so that they - each have a bottom side (111, 141) which, when installed in the feed grate (50) as intended, faces a grate frame (54) of the feed grate (50), - each have a cover side (112, 142) opposite the bottom side (11, 141), which in a first cover section (115, 145) slopes obliquely along a longitudinal extension (100L) up to a fold line (113, 143) from the bottom side (111 , 141) runs away and from the fold line (113, 143) in a second deck section (116, 146) further along the longitudinal extent (100L) runs obliquely towards the bottom side (111, 141), and - have a front end face (117, 147) and a rear end face (118, 148), which each connect the bottom side (111, 141) and the top side (112, 142), - Arranging the castings (110, 140), so that preferably an inner casting (140) can be moved transversely to the longitudinal extent (100L) relative to an outer casting (110) of the castings (110, 140), and in doing so the outer casting ( 110) has a covering projection (136) which covers the inner casting (140), preferably over the entire length (149) in the longitudinal extent (100L), on the cover side (142).

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