EP0391146A1 - Combustion installation for burning fuel, in particular waste - Google Patents

Combustion installation for burning fuel, in particular waste Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0391146A1
EP0391146A1 EP90105393A EP90105393A EP0391146A1 EP 0391146 A1 EP0391146 A1 EP 0391146A1 EP 90105393 A EP90105393 A EP 90105393A EP 90105393 A EP90105393 A EP 90105393A EP 0391146 A1 EP0391146 A1 EP 0391146A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
zone
rows
air
air outlet
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP90105393A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0391146B1 (en
Inventor
Martin Rudolf Zweifel
Daniel Spreiter
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ABB Immobilien AG
Alstom SA
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W and E Umwelttechnik AG
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Publication of EP0391146A1 publication Critical patent/EP0391146A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combustion system for burning combustible material, in particular garbage, with a burner grate arranged in a combustion chamber and formed from rows of grate bars, which is preceded by a charging device arranged at a material inlet, with which the fuel is dosed to the burner grate, the burner grate receives the combustion air required for the combustion of the fuel lying on the firing grate, referred to as primary air, from the underwind area of the firing chamber, and a method for operating this combustion system.
  • waste When burning fuel, such as waste, there are various additional problems over burning a single fuel.
  • general waste was created to label waste, which is understood to mean processed household waste and similar fuel. These wastes are separated from scrap, glass, inert and compostable components and have a relatively high calorific value of approx. 15,000 kJ / kg. Because of the relatively high calorific value, this uniform waste places very high demands on the thermal treatment, ie on the control of the combustion processes on the mechanical furnace grate systems, not least because of the large differences in the composition of this waste, known as BRAM, RDF or FLUFF. However, these terms also include other fuel materials, for example bark waste or other materials that differ greatly from the normal heterogeneous waste composition and are composed of only a few components.
  • the high calorific value of the standard waste which is also extremely easy to ignite, requires a firing grate, the operation of which can be optimally adapted to the rapidly changing combustion processes.
  • Such a grate is known, for example, from US-A-4,320,710 by the same applicant.
  • This has a furnace with a horizontal or slightly inclined grate track and - seen in the flow direction of the fuel - rows of grate bars arranged one after the other, which are alternately arranged in a fixed position or moved back and forth.
  • the moving grate bar rows are moved back and forth by motorized lifting drives, by means of which they execute a swiveling movement around a torsion shaft and thereby move the grate bar rows.
  • adjacent, moving rows of grate bars perform an opposite movement, which are arranged alternately with the fixed rows of grate bars, not only pushing the fuel forward, but also continuously stoking and circulating it.
  • the drive of the grate bar rows is infinitely variable and enables a slow, continuous movement.
  • the horizontal or slightly inclined grate track results in a low overall height and has no parts to be serviced in the underwind area.
  • the necessary primary combustion air is supplied from below through grate diarrhea funnels, which act as air zones along the grate. Thanks to the high density of the rust covering there is a relatively high air pressure gradient between the grate underside and the garbage bed, with which an extraordinarily regular air distribution over the entire grate width is achieved regardless of the burning layer density and thus a local burning of the garbage layer with the disadvantageous consequences for the quality of combustion is prevented.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that when the grate is subdivided into grate zones, at least part of its grate bar rows without air outlet for the primary air into the combustion chamber are formed in the inlet grate zone adjoining the charging device. This ensures that despite the extreme ignitability of the standard waste, there is not already an intense fire at the transition from the loading device to the grate, which fulfills a prerequisite for high combustion efficiency.
  • the invention also encompasses a method with which an optimal combustion of the fuel material is made possible, and this is characterized in that at least the grate bar rows on the inlet side, which are made without air outlet into the combustion chamber, are brought in from the underwind area of the combustion chamber Primary air must be cooled.
  • the primary air heated by cooling the inlet-side grate bar rows can expediently be supplied to grate zones in which the grate bar rows are provided with air outlet into the combustion chamber.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that an optimization of the known incineration plant can be achieved if it is possible to evenly distribute the intensive fire which arises prematurely at the transition from the loading to the rust due to the ignitability of the standard waste over the rust zones.
  • the two embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 show such a solution.
  • the combustion system shown in FIG. 1 has a combustion chamber 1 which is provided with an essentially horizontal grate 2.
  • the secondary air required for the combustion of the flue gases is injected into the combustion chamber 1, see arrow 14.
  • the furnace grate 2 forms a grate track on which the material 3 to be burned, for example uniform waste, is heaped up and is moved over the grate to a discharge shaft, not shown.
  • the fuel 3 is introduced through a loading shaft 4 and is fed through a loading opening 6 in metered quantities via a crash 7 onto the firing grate 2 through a loading device 5 arranged at the base thereof.
  • the firing grate 2 is composed in the flow direction 8 from successively arranged grate bar rows, of which alternately the one grate bar rows moving bar rows 10 'and the other grate bar rows are fixed bar rows 10.
  • the firing grate 2 and the loading device 5 are supported on a substructure 11, which is not designated in any more detail.
  • the furnace grate 2 is divided into grate zones 12, the order of which is identified by Roman numerals.
  • the grate zones 12 correspond to underwind zones 13 arranged under the grate 2, through which primary air for the combustion of the fuel 3 lying on the grate 2 is fed separately to the individual grate zones I, II,.
  • the grate zones can be dosed individually with primary air.
  • the underwind zone 13 adjacent to the loading device 5 is designed in a special way.
  • the entry of the primary air indicated by arrows 15 takes place in the grate zones II, III, ... directly into the underwind zones 13 and this, represented by small arrows 16 on the top of the furnace grate 2, passes through the grate bar rows 10 into the overlying layer of fuel 3rd
  • the zone air supplied there which is mainly used only for grate bar cooling, can be used in the subsequent grate zones, as a result of which a uniform burn-off is achieved over the entire surface of the grate 2 becomes.
  • a targeted supply of the combustion air can be achieved according to the combustion process over the grate length.
  • the forward movement of the fuel and its fueling can be achieved by variable and different lifting speeds of the movement of the grate bar rows in the individual grate zones.
  • the grate zone I immediately following the loading device 5 is equipped not only with rows of grate bars without air outlet but also with those with air outlet 16.
  • the primary air 15 is guided as in the system of FIG. 1 through the baffles 17, which on the Underside of the grate bar rows without air outlet and then flows through the grate bar rows 10 with air outlet 16 into the layer of fuel 3 lying on the grate 2.
  • the cooling air heated on the grate bar rows without air outlet is not discharged into other grate zones; the heated cooling air passes through the grate bar rows with air outlet 16 of the first grate zone I into the fuel layer.
  • the fuel can be burned down evenly.
  • the even burn-off avoids temperature peaks in the fire bed and prevents the formation of carbonization gases.
  • Existing incineration plants can thus with relatively little effort for the combustion of high-calorific waste or standard waste such as BRAM, RDF and FLUFF or the like. and other high calorific fuels.
  • the grate bar rows 10 without air outlet are of a similar shape to the grate bars with air outlet. It is thus possible to replace grate bars with air outlet by grate bars 20 without air outlet without changing dimensions.
  • the grate bars 20 essentially consist of a grate bar surface 21 on the underside of which two cooling fins 22 are arranged at a distance.
  • the cooling fins 22 have two bores 23 for receiving coupling rods 24, with the aid of which see Fig. 3, a number of grate bars 20 is held together.
  • the furnace grate 2 is delimited by grate side plates 30, to which brackets 25 are fastened on the downwind side, on the edge 26 of which a cooling fin 22 of the outermost grate bar 20 is hooked in the fixed bar rows 10. In this way, the play between the outermost grate bar and the grate side plate 30 is kept small.
  • the primary air rising through the guide plates 17 is indicated in FIG. 3 by arrows 15. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the grate bar surface 21 has a curvature 27 on the combustion chamber side which merges into a support shoe 28.
  • a mounting bracket 29 is provided for receiving by a bar holder (not shown). With the reciprocating grate bar rows, this grate bar holder is moved back and forth for the movement of the grate bars, as is described in the patent mentioned at the beginning.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

In the firing chamber (1) of the combustion installation, there is arranged a firing grate (2) divided into grate zones (I, II, III) formed with rows of grate bars (10). The rows of grate bars (10) of the first grate zone (I) have no air outlet into the firing chamber (1). The primary air (15) brought in under these rows of grate bars (10) by guide plates (17) serves to cool the rows of grate bars (10) and is then guided by guide plates (18) into a connecting duct (19), by means of which the heated primary air (15) can be supplied to the following grate zones (II, III etc.). It is thus made possible to avoid a concentration of the burning off of unit waste with above- average calorific value in the region of the first grate zone (I). At the same time, uniform burning off is thus achieved over the entire grate surface. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbrennungsanlage zum Verbrennen von Brennmaterial, insbesondere von Müll, mit einem in einem Feuerungsraum angeordneten, aus Roststabreihen gebildeten Feuerungsrost, welchem eine an einem Materialeingang angeordnete Beschickungseinrichtung vorgeschaltet ist, mit welcher die Dosierung des Brennmaterials zu dem Feuerungsrost erfolgt, wobei der Feuerungsrost die für die Verbrennung des auf dem Feuerungsrost liegenden Brennmaterials erforderliche, als Primärluft bezeichnete Verbrennungsluft aus dem Unterwindbereich des Feuerungsraumes erhält, und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Verbrennungsanlage.The invention relates to a combustion system for burning combustible material, in particular garbage, with a burner grate arranged in a combustion chamber and formed from rows of grate bars, which is preceded by a charging device arranged at a material inlet, with which the fuel is dosed to the burner grate, the burner grate receives the combustion air required for the combustion of the fuel lying on the firing grate, referred to as primary air, from the underwind area of the firing chamber, and a method for operating this combustion system.

Bei der Verbrennung von Brennmaterial, wie es beispielsweise der Müll darstellt, ergeben sich gebenüber der Verbrennung eines einheitlichen Brennmaterials verschiedene zusätzliche Probleme. Zur Kennzeichnung des Mülls wurde der Begriff des Einheitsmülls geschaffen, unter welchem aufbereitete Haushaltabfälle und ähnliches Brennmaterial verstanden werden. Diese Abfälle sind von Schrott, Glas, inertem und kompostierbarem Anteil getrennt und weisen einen verhältnismässig hohen Heizwert von ca. 15 000 kJ/kg auf. Wegen des verhältnismässig hohen Heizwertes stellt dieser Einheitsmüll an die thermische Behandlung, d.h. an die Steuerung der Verbrennungsabläufe auf den mechanischen Feuerungsrostsystemen, sehr hohe Ansprüche, nicht zuletzt wegen der grossen Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung dieses als BRAM, RDF oder FLUFF bezeichneten Mülls. Unter diese Begriffe fallen jedoch auch andere Brennmaterialien, beispielsweise Rindenabfälle oder sonstige, von der normalen heterogenen Müllzusammensetzung stark abweichende, auch nur aus wenigen Komponenten sich zusammensetzende Materialien.When burning fuel, such as waste, there are various additional problems over burning a single fuel. The term “general waste” was created to label waste, which is understood to mean processed household waste and similar fuel. These wastes are separated from scrap, glass, inert and compostable components and have a relatively high calorific value of approx. 15,000 kJ / kg. Because of the relatively high calorific value, this uniform waste places very high demands on the thermal treatment, ie on the control of the combustion processes on the mechanical furnace grate systems, not least because of the large differences in the composition of this waste, known as BRAM, RDF or FLUFF. However, these terms also include other fuel materials, for example bark waste or other materials that differ greatly from the normal heterogeneous waste composition and are composed of only a few components.

Der hohe Heizwert des Einheitsmülls der zudem eine extreme Zündfreudigkeit aufweist, erfordert einen Feuerungsrost, dessen Betrieb sich in optimaler Weise an die stark ändernden Verbrennungsvorgänge anpassen lässt.The high calorific value of the standard waste, which is also extremely easy to ignite, requires a firing grate, the operation of which can be optimally adapted to the rapidly changing combustion processes.

Ein solcher Feuerungsrost ist beispielsweise aus der Patentschrift US-A-4 320 710 derselben Anmelderin bekannt. Dieser weist eine Feuerung mit einer horizontalen oder leicht geneigten Rostbahn und - in Fliessrichtung des Brennmaterials gesehen - nacheinander angeordnete Roststabreihen auf, welche abwechselnd ortsfest angeordnet sind oder hin- und herbewegt werden. Die bewegten Roststabreihen werden durch motorische Hubantriebe hin- und herbewegt, durch welche sie eine Schwenkbewegung um eine Torsionswelle ausführen und hierbei die Roststabreihen bewegen. Zweckmässig führen hierbei benachbarte, bewegte Roststabreihen eine gegenläufige Bewegung aus, welche im Wechsel mit den feststehenden Roststabreihen angeordnet sind, wobei nicht nur ein Vorwärtsschieben des Brennmaterials, sondern auch ein kontinuierliches Schüren und Umwälzen desselben erfolgt. Der Antrieb der Roststabreihen ist stufenlos regelbar und ermöglicht einen langsamen, kontinuierlichen Bewegungsablauf. Die horizontale oder leicht geneigte Rostbahn ergibt eine geringe Bauhöhe und weist keine zu wartenden Teile im Unterwindbereich auf.Such a grate is known, for example, from US-A-4,320,710 by the same applicant. This has a furnace with a horizontal or slightly inclined grate track and - seen in the flow direction of the fuel - rows of grate bars arranged one after the other, which are alternately arranged in a fixed position or moved back and forth. The moving grate bar rows are moved back and forth by motorized lifting drives, by means of which they execute a swiveling movement around a torsion shaft and thereby move the grate bar rows. Advantageously, adjacent, moving rows of grate bars perform an opposite movement, which are arranged alternately with the fixed rows of grate bars, not only pushing the fuel forward, but also continuously stoking and circulating it. The drive of the grate bar rows is infinitely variable and enables a slow, continuous movement. The horizontal or slightly inclined grate track results in a low overall height and has no parts to be serviced in the underwind area.

Die Zufuhr der notwendigen Primär-Verbrennungsluft erfolgt von unten her durch Rostdurchfalltrichter, welche als Luftzonen entlang des Rostes wirken. Dank der hohen Dichtigkeit des Rostbelages entsteht ein verhältnismässig hohes Luftdruckgefälle zwischen der Rostunterseite und dem Müllbett, womit eine ausserordentlich regelmässige Luftverteilung über die gesamte Rostbreite unabhängig von der Brennschichtdichte erzielt und damit ein lokales Durchbrennen der Müllschicht mit den nachteiligen Folgen für die Verbrennungsgüte verhindert wird.The necessary primary combustion air is supplied from below through grate diarrhea funnels, which act as air zones along the grate. Thanks to the high density of the rust covering there is a relatively high air pressure gradient between the grate underside and the garbage bed, with which an extraordinarily regular air distribution over the entire grate width is achieved regardless of the burning layer density and thus a local burning of the garbage layer with the disadvantageous consequences for the quality of combustion is prevented.

Dieser bekannte Feuerungsrost hat sich in vielen Anlagen bewährt, doch bestehen in seiner Anwendung Grenzen, die durch den hohen und in der Tendenz steigenden Heizwert des Einheitsmülls bedingt sind.This well-known firing grate has proven itself in many plants, but there are limits in its application, which are due to the high and, in general, increasing heating value of the standard waste.

Hier setzt nun die Erfindung ein, der die Aufgabe zugrundeliegt, eine Verbrennungsanlage der eingangs beschriebenen Art so weiter auszugestalten, dass sie das Verbrennen auch von heizwertreichem Einheitsmüll problemlos ermöglicht, indem das frühzeitige Zünden von Müll verhindert und damit die Bildung von Schwelgasen unterbunden wird, was sich positiv auf die Schadstoffbelastung auswirkt.This is where the invention comes in, which is based on the object of further designing an incineration plant of the type described at the outset in such a way that it also enables incineration of standard waste rich in calorific value without problems, by preventing the early ignition of refuse and thus preventing the formation of carbonization gases, which is what has a positive impact on pollution.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäss der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass bei Unterteilung des Feuerungsrostes in Rostzonen in der eintrittseitigen, an die Beschickungseinrichtung anschliessenden ersten Rostzone mindestens ein Teil ihrer Roststabreihen ohne Luftaustritt für die Primärluft in den Feuerungsraum ausgebildet ist. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass trotz der extremen Zündfreudigkeit des Einheitsmülls nicht bereits ein intensives Feuer am Uebergang von der Beschickungseinrichtung zum Rost entsteht, womit eine Voraussetzung für eine hohe Verbrennungseffizienz erfüllt wird.This object is achieved according to the invention in that when the grate is subdivided into grate zones, at least part of its grate bar rows without air outlet for the primary air into the combustion chamber are formed in the inlet grate zone adjoining the charging device. This ensures that despite the extreme ignitability of the standard waste, there is not already an intense fire at the transition from the loading device to the grate, which fulfills a prerequisite for high combustion efficiency.

Die Erfindung umfasst auch ein Verfahren, mit dem ein optimales Verbrennen des Brennmaterials ermöglicht wird, und dieses kennzeichnet sich dadurch, dass mindestens die eintrittseitigen, ohne Luftaustritt in den Feuerungsraum ausgeführten Roststabreihen durch aus dem Unterwindbereich des Feuerungsraumes herangeführte Primärluft zwangsgekühlt werden. Zweckmässig kann hierbei die durch die Kühlung der eintrittseitigen Roststabreihen erwärmte Primärluft Rostzonen zugeführt werden, bei denen die Roststabreihen mit Luftaustritt in den Feuerungsraum versehen sind.The invention also encompasses a method with which an optimal combustion of the fuel material is made possible, and this is characterized in that at least the grate bar rows on the inlet side, which are made without air outlet into the combustion chamber, are brought in from the underwind area of the combustion chamber Primary air must be cooled. The primary air heated by cooling the inlet-side grate bar rows can expediently be supplied to grate zones in which the grate bar rows are provided with air outlet into the combustion chamber.

Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung in zwei Ausführungsformen dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt einer teilweisen, schematisch dargestellten Verbrennungsanlage, mit in der Rostzone I derselben angeordneter Roststabreihen ohne Luftaustritt,
  • Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer teilweisen, schematisch dargestellten Verbrennungsanlage mit rosteintrittseitigen Roststabreihen ohne Luftaustritt,
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt des Rostes der Verbrennungsanlage nach Fig. 1 und 2 mit Roststabreihen ohne Luftaustritt und
  • Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht eines Roststabes ohne Luftaustritt.
The invention is shown in the drawing in two embodiments. Show it:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section of a partial, schematically illustrated incineration plant, with rows of grate bars arranged in the grate zone I thereof, with no air outlet,
  • 2 shows a longitudinal section of a further embodiment of a partial, schematically illustrated incineration plant with rows of grate bars on the grate inlet side without air outlet,
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section of the grate of the incinerator according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with rows of grate bars without air outlet and
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of a grate bar without air leak.

Die Erfindung geht von der Ueberlegung aus, dass eine Optimierung der bekannten Verbrennungsanlage erreicht werden kann, wenn es gelingt, das wegen der Zündfreudigkeit des Einheitsmülls vorzeitig am Uebergang von der Beschickung zum Rost entstehende intensive Feuer gleichmässig über die Rostzonen zu verteilen. Die beiden in Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungformen zeigen eine solche Lösung.The invention is based on the consideration that an optimization of the known incineration plant can be achieved if it is possible to evenly distribute the intensive fire which arises prematurely at the transition from the loading to the rust due to the ignitability of the standard waste over the rust zones. The two embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 show such a solution.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Verbrennungsanlage weist einen Feuerungsraum 1 auf, welcher mit einem, im wesentlichen horizontalen Feuerungsrost 2 versehen ist. In den Feuerungsraum 1 wird die für die Verbrennung der Rauchgase erforderliche Sekundarluft, siehe Pfeil 14, eingedüst. Der Feuerungsrost 2 bildet eine Rostbahn, auf welcher das zu verbrennende Material 3, beispielweise Einheitsmüll, aufgeschüttet ist und über den Rost zu einem nicht dargestellten Austragschacht bewegt wird. Das Brennmaterial 3 wird durch einen Beschickungsschacht 4 eingebracht und wird durch eine am Grund desselben angeordnete Beschickungseinrichtung 5 durch eine Beschickungsöffnung 6 in dosierten Mengen über einen Absturz 7 auf den Feuerungsrost 2 aufgegeben. Der Feuerungsrost 2 setzt sich in Fliessrichtung 8 aus nacheinander angeordneten Roststabreihen zusammen, von denen abwechselnd die einen Roststabreihen Bewegtstabreihen 10′ und die andern Roststabreihen Feststabreihen 10 sind. Der Feuerungsrost 2 und die Beschickungseinrichtung 5 sind auf einem nicht näher bezeichneten Unterbau 11 abgestützt.The combustion system shown in FIG. 1 has a combustion chamber 1 which is provided with an essentially horizontal grate 2. The secondary air required for the combustion of the flue gases is injected into the combustion chamber 1, see arrow 14. The furnace grate 2 forms a grate track on which the material 3 to be burned, for example uniform waste, is heaped up and is moved over the grate to a discharge shaft, not shown. The fuel 3 is introduced through a loading shaft 4 and is fed through a loading opening 6 in metered quantities via a crash 7 onto the firing grate 2 through a loading device 5 arranged at the base thereof. The firing grate 2 is composed in the flow direction 8 from successively arranged grate bar rows, of which alternately the one grate bar rows moving bar rows 10 'and the other grate bar rows are fixed bar rows 10. The firing grate 2 and the loading device 5 are supported on a substructure 11, which is not designated in any more detail.

Anstelle des Absturzes 7 kann auch ein Uebergang in Form einer schiefen Rutsche 9 siehe Fig. 2, vorgesehen werden.Instead of the crash 7, a transition in the form of an oblique slide 9, see FIG. 2, can also be provided.

Der Feuerungsrost 2 ist in Rostzonen 12 unterteilt, deren Reihenfolge durch römische Zahlen gekennzeichnet ist. Den Rostzonen 12 entsprechen unter dem Feuerungsrost 2 angeordnete Unterwindzonen 13, durch welche den einzelnen Rostzonen I, II, ... Primärluft für die Verbrennung des auf dem Feuerungsrost 2 liegenden Brennmaterials 3 getrennt zugeleitet wird. Hierbei kann die Dosierung der Rostzonen mit Primärluft individuell vorgenommen werden.The furnace grate 2 is divided into grate zones 12, the order of which is identified by Roman numerals. The grate zones 12 correspond to underwind zones 13 arranged under the grate 2, through which primary air for the combustion of the fuel 3 lying on the grate 2 is fed separately to the individual grate zones I, II,. The grate zones can be dosed individually with primary air.

Die der Beschickungseinrichtung 5 benachbarte Unterwindzone 13 ist in besonderer Weise ausgebildet. Der Eintritt der durch Pfeile 15 gekennzeichneten Primärluft erfolgt bei den Rostzonen II, III, ... direkt in die Unterwindzonen 13 und diese tritt, durch kleine Pfeile 16 an der Oberseite des Feuerungsrostes 2 dargestellt, durch die Roststabreihen 10 in die darüberliegende Schicht aus Brennmaterial 3.The underwind zone 13 adjacent to the loading device 5 is designed in a special way. The entry of the primary air indicated by arrows 15 takes place in the grate zones II, III, ... directly into the underwind zones 13 and this, represented by small arrows 16 on the top of the furnace grate 2, passes through the grate bar rows 10 into the overlying layer of fuel 3rd

Bei der Rostzone I findet kein Luftaustritt statt. Die in die Unterwindzone 13 eintretende Primärluft 15 wird durch Leitbleche 17 auf der Seite der Beschickungseinrichtung 5 nach oben geführt, wo sie an der Unterseite der Roststabreihen mündet und die Roststabreihen 10 der Rostzone I kühlt. Nach erfolgter Kühlung 3 wird die erwärmte Primärluft durch weitere auf der Seite der Unterwindzonen 13 angeordnete Leitbleche 18 und durch eine Verbindungsleitung 19 in die Unterwindzone 13 der Rostzone III eingeführt. Je nach Art und Grösse der Verbrennungsanlage ist es möglich, die zur Kühlung der Roststabreihen 10 in der Rostzone I verwendete Kühlluft in eine andere Rostzone, beispielsweise in die Rostzone II oder IV einzuleiten. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, diese Kühlluft in zwei oder mehrere weitere Rostzonen zu leiten.No air escapes from grate zone I. The primary air 15 entering the downwind zone 13 is guided by baffles 17 led upwards on the side of the loading device 5, where it opens onto the underside of the grate bar rows and cools the grate bar rows 10 of the grate zone I. After cooling 3, the heated primary air is introduced into the underwind zone 13 of the grate zone III through further guide plates 18 arranged on the side of the underwind zone 13 and through a connecting line 19. Depending on the type and size of the incinerator, it is possible to introduce the cooling air used to cool the grate bar rows 10 in grate zone I into another grate zone, for example into grate zone II or IV. However, it is also possible to direct this cooling air into two or more additional rust zones.

Dadurch, dass in der ersten Rostzone I ein speziell ausgebildeter Rostbelag mit Roststabreihen ohne Luftaustritt verwendet wird, kann die dort zugeleitete, überwiegend nur für die Roststabkühlung dienende Zonenluft in den nachfolgenden Rostzonen verwendet werden, wodurch ein gleichmässiger Abbrand über die gesamte Fläche des Feuerungsrostes 2 erreicht wird. Durch die Unterteilung des Feuerungsrostes in Rostzonen kann eine gezielte Zuführung der Verbrennungsluft, entsprechend dem Verbrennungsablauf über die Rostlänge erreicht werden. Die Vorwärtsbewegung des Brennmaterials und dessen Schürung kann durch variable und unterschiedliche Hubgeschwindigkeit der Bewegung der Roststabreihen in den einzelnen Rostzonen erreicht werden.Because a specially designed grate covering with rows of grate bars without air outlet is used in the first grate zone I, the zone air supplied there, which is mainly used only for grate bar cooling, can be used in the subsequent grate zones, as a result of which a uniform burn-off is achieved over the entire surface of the grate 2 becomes. By dividing the combustion grate into grate zones, a targeted supply of the combustion air can be achieved according to the combustion process over the grate length. The forward movement of the fuel and its fueling can be achieved by variable and different lifting speeds of the movement of the grate bar rows in the individual grate zones.

Die Verbrennungsanlage nach Fig. 2 weist im wesentlichen dieselben Elemente auf wie diejenige nach Fig. 1, weshalb gleiche Bezugszeichen dieselben Teile bezeichnen.2 has essentially the same elements as that of FIG. 1, which is why the same reference numerals designate the same parts.

Der wesentliche Unterschied besteht darin, dass die unmittelbar an die Beschickungseinrichtung 5 folgende Rostzone I nicht nur mit Roststabreihen ohne Luftaustritt sondern auch mit solchen mit Luftaustritt 16 ausgerüstet ist. Die Primärluft 15 wird wie bei der Anlage nach Fig. 1 durch die Leitbleche 17 geführt, welche auf der Unterseite der Roststabreihen ohne Luftaustritt münden und anschliessend durch die Roststabreihen 10 mit Luftaustritt 16 in die auf dem Feuerungsrost 2 liegende Schicht aus Brennmaterial 3 strömt. Bei dieser Ausbildung der Rostzone I wird keine Ableitung der an den Roststabreihen ohne Luftaustritt erwärmten Kühlluft in andere Rostzonen vorgenommen; die erwärmte Kühlluft tritt durch die Roststabreihen mit Luftaustritt 16 der ersten Rostzone I in die Brennmaterialschicht.The main difference is that the grate zone I immediately following the loading device 5 is equipped not only with rows of grate bars without air outlet but also with those with air outlet 16. The primary air 15 is guided as in the system of FIG. 1 through the baffles 17, which on the Underside of the grate bar rows without air outlet and then flows through the grate bar rows 10 with air outlet 16 into the layer of fuel 3 lying on the grate 2. With this design of grate zone I, the cooling air heated on the grate bar rows without air outlet is not discharged into other grate zones; the heated cooling air passes through the grate bar rows with air outlet 16 of the first grate zone I into the fuel layer.

Ein weiterer Unterschied besteht darin, dass zwischen der Beschickungseinrichtung 5 und der ersten Roststabreihe der Rostzone I eine schräg geneigte Rutsche 9 vorgesehen ist. Es könnte allerdings auch wie in der Verbrennungsanlage nach Fig. 1 ein Absturz 7 vorgesehen werden.Another difference is that an obliquely inclined chute 9 is provided between the loading device 5 and the first row of grate bars of the grate zone I. However, a crash 7 could also be provided, as in the incinerator according to FIG. 1.

Auch mit der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführung der Verbrennungsanlage kann ein gleichmässiger Abbrand des Brennmaterials erreicht werden. Durch den gleichmässigen Abbrand werden Temperaturspitzen in dem Feuerbett vermieden und die Bildung von Schwelgasen unterbunden. Bestehende Verbrennungsanlagen können dadurch mit verhältnismässig geringem Aufwand für die Verbrennung von heizwertreichem Müll bzw. Einheitsmüll wie BRAM, RDF und FLUFF o.dgl. und anderen heizwertreichen Brennstoffen eingerichtet werden.Even with the design of the incineration plant shown in FIG. 2, the fuel can be burned down evenly. The even burn-off avoids temperature peaks in the fire bed and prevents the formation of carbonization gases. Existing incineration plants can thus with relatively little effort for the combustion of high-calorific waste or standard waste such as BRAM, RDF and FLUFF or the like. and other high calorific fuels.

Wie aus Fig. 3 und 4 ersichtlich ist, sind die Roststabreihen 10 ohne Luftaustritt, wie sie in der Rostzone I Verwendung finden, von ähnlicher Form wie die Roststäbe mit Luftaustritt. Es ist somit möglich, ohne Aenderung von Dimensionen Roststäbe mit Luftaustritt durch Roststäbe 20 ohne Luftaustritt auszutauschen. Wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich ist, bestehen die Roststäbe 20 im wesentlichen aus einer Roststabfläche 21 an deren Unterseite zwei Kühlrippen 22 mit Abstand angeordnet sind. Die Kühlrippen 22 weisen zwei Bohrungen 23 zur Aufnahme von Kupplungsstangen 24 auf, mit Hilfe welcher, siehe Fig. 3, eine Anzahl Roststäbe 20 zusammengehalten wird. Auf diese Weise kann die gesamte Breite der den Feuerungsrost 2 bildenden Roststäbe 20 zusammengespannt werden, so dass zwischen den Roststäben praktisch kein Spiel besteht. Der Feuerungsrost 2 ist durch Rostseitenplatten 30 begrenzt, an der unterwindseitig Konsolen 25 befestigt sind, an deren Rand 26 bei den Feststabreihen 10 eine Kühlrippe 22 des äussersten Roststabes 20 eingehackt ist. Auf diese Weise wird auch das Spiel zwischen dem äussersten Roststab und der Rostseitenplatte 30 kleingehalten. Die durch die Leitbleche 17 aufsteigende Primärluft ist in Fig. 3 durch Pfeile 15 angedeutet. Aus Fig. 4 ist ersichtlich, dass die Roststabfläche 21 feuerraumseitig eine Wölbung 27 aufweist, welche in einen Auflageschuh 28 übergeht. Am hinteren Ende des Roststabes 21 ist eine Lagerlasche 29 zur Aufnahme durch einen Stabhalter (nicht dargestellt) vorgesehen. Bei den hin- und herbewegten Roststabreihen wird dieser Roststabhalter für die Bewegung der Roststäbe hin- und herbewegt, wie dies in der eingangs erwähnten Patentschrift beschrieben ist.As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, the grate bar rows 10 without air outlet, as used in grate zone I, are of a similar shape to the grate bars with air outlet. It is thus possible to replace grate bars with air outlet by grate bars 20 without air outlet without changing dimensions. 3, the grate bars 20 essentially consist of a grate bar surface 21 on the underside of which two cooling fins 22 are arranged at a distance. The cooling fins 22 have two bores 23 for receiving coupling rods 24, with the aid of which see Fig. 3, a number of grate bars 20 is held together. In this way, the entire width of the grate bars 20 forming the firing grate 2 can be clamped together, so that there is practically no play between the grate bars. The furnace grate 2 is delimited by grate side plates 30, to which brackets 25 are fastened on the downwind side, on the edge 26 of which a cooling fin 22 of the outermost grate bar 20 is hooked in the fixed bar rows 10. In this way, the play between the outermost grate bar and the grate side plate 30 is kept small. The primary air rising through the guide plates 17 is indicated in FIG. 3 by arrows 15. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the grate bar surface 21 has a curvature 27 on the combustion chamber side which merges into a support shoe 28. At the rear end of the grate bar 21, a mounting bracket 29 is provided for receiving by a bar holder (not shown). With the reciprocating grate bar rows, this grate bar holder is moved back and forth for the movement of the grate bars, as is described in the patent mentioned at the beginning.

Claims (11)

1. Verbrennungsanlage zum Verbrennen von Brennmaterial, insbesondere von Müll, mit einem in einem Feuerungsraum (1) angeordneten, aus Roststabreihen (10, 10′) gebildeten Feuerungsrost (2), welchem eine an einem Materialeingang (6) angeordnete Beschickungseinrichtung (5) vorgeschaltet ist, mit welcher die Dosierung des Brennmaterials (3) zu dem Feuerungsrost erfolgt, wobei der Feuerungsrost die für die Verbrennung des auf dem Feuerungsrost liegenden Brennmaterials erforderliche, als Primärluft (15) bezeichnete Verbrennungsluft aus dem Unterwindbereich des Feuerungsraumes erhält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Unterteilung des Feuerungsrostes (2) in Rostzonen (I, I, III, ...) in der eintrittseitigen, an die Beschickungseinrichtung (5) anschliessenden ersten Rostzone (I) mindestens ein Teil ihrer Roststabreihen (10, 10′) ohne Luftaustritt (16) für die Primärluft in den Feuerungsraum (1) ausgebildet ist.1. Incinerator for burning fuel, in particular waste, with a in a furnace (1) arranged from grate bar rows (10, 10 ') formed grate (2), which upstream of a material input (6) arranged charging device (5) with which the metering of the fuel (3) to the firing grate takes place, the firing grate receiving the combustion air required for the combustion of the fuel lying on the firing grate, referred to as primary air (15), from the underwind area of the firing chamber, characterized in that at Subdivision of the firing grate (2) into grate zones (I, I, III, ...) in the inlet-side first grate zone (I) connected to the loading device (5) at least a part of its grate bar rows (10, 10 ') without air outlet (16 ) for the primary air in the combustion chamber (1). 2. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unterhalb der ohne Luftaustritt (16) versehenen Roststabreihen (10, 10′) eine Luftleitung (19) verlegt ist, welche eine Verbindung von der eintrittseitigen ersten Rostzone (I) zu einer der nachfolgenden Rostzonen (II, III, ...) bildet.2. Incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that below the grate bar rows (10, 10 ') provided without air outlet (16), an air line (19) is laid, which connects the inlet-side first grate zone (I) to one of the subsequent grate zones (II, III, ...) forms. 3. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der unter der ersten Rostzone (I) liegenden Unterwindzone (13) Leitbleche (17) die Zuführung von Primärluft (15) unter die Roststabreihen (10, 10′) mit und ohne Luftaustritt (16) zur Ausbildung einer erzwungenen Strömung direkt unter den Roststabreihen sicherstellen.3. Incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that in the undergrowth zone (I) underwind zone (13) baffles (17) the supply of primary air (15) under the grate bar rows (10, 10 ') with and without air outlet ( 16) to form a forced flow directly under the grate bar rows. 4. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Ende der Unterwindzone (13) der ersten Rostzone (I) bei Roststabreihen (10, 10′) ohne Luftaustritt Leitbleche (18) angeordnet sind, welche die Abführung der Primärluft aus der Unterwindzone (13) der ersten Rostzone (I) in eine Verbindungsleitung (19) sicherstellen, wobei zwischen den Leitblechen (17, 18) direkt unter den Roststabreihen sich eine erzwungene Luftströmung ausbildet.4. Incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that at the end of the downwind zone (13) of the first grate zone (I) with grate bar rows (10, 10 ') without air outlet baffles (18) are arranged which remove the primary air from the downwind zone ( 13) of the first grate zone (I) into a connecting line (19), a forced air flow being formed between the guide plates (17, 18) directly below the rows of grate bars. 5. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der der Beschickungseinrichtung (5) benachbarten ersten Rostzone (I) mindestens ein Teil der Roststabreihen (10) ohne Luftaustritt (16) für die Primärluft ausgeführt ist.5. Incineration plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the loading device (5) adjacent first grate zone (I) at least part of the grate bar rows (10) without air outlet (16) for the primary air is executed. 6. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der ersten Rostzone (I) sämtliche Roststabreihen (10) ohne Luftaustritt in den Feuerungsraum (1) ausgeführt sind.6. Incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that in the first grate zone (I) all grate bar rows (10) are made without air leakage into the combustion chamber (1). 7. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nur die eintrittseitigen Roststabreihen (10) der ersten Rostzone (I) ohne Luftaustritt (16) ausgeführt sind.7. Incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that only the inlet side grate bar rows (10) of the first grate zone (I) are designed without air outlet (16). 8. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungsleitung (19) zu einer oder mehrerer der nachfolgenden Rostzonen (II, III, ...) geführt ist.8. Incinerator according to claim 6, characterized in that the connecting line (19) to one or more of the subsequent rust zones (II, III, ...) is guided. 9. Verbrennungsanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der Beschickungseinrichtung (5) und dem Feuerungsrost (2) ein geneigter Rutschenübergang (9) anstelle eines Absturzes (7) vorgesehen ist.9. Incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that an inclined slide transition (9) instead of a crash (7) is provided between the loading device (5) and the firing grate (2). 10. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsanlage mit einem in einem Feuerungsraum (1) angeordneten Feuerungsrost (2) mit Roststabreihen (10, 10′), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens die eintrittseitigen, ohne Luftaustritt (16) in den Feuerungsraum (1) ausgeführten Roststabreihen (10) der ersten Rostzone (1) durch aus dem Unterwind des Feuerungsraumes (1) herangeführte Primärluft (15) zwangsgekühlt werden.10. Method for operating an incinerator with a furnace grate (2) arranged in a furnace (1) Grate bar rows (10, 10 ′), characterized in that at least the grate bar rows (10) of the first grate zone (1) on the inlet side, which have no air outlet (16) into the furnace (1), are brought about by primary air (1) coming from the underwind of the furnace chamber (1). 15) forced cooling. 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Roststabreihen (10) ohne Luftaustritt in der ersten Rostzone (I) die erwärmte Primärluft den Roststabreihen der ersten Rostzone mit Luftaustritt in den Feuerungsraum und/oder einer oder mehreren der nachfolgenden Rostzonen (II, III, ...) zugeführt wird.11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that in the case of grate bar rows (10) without air outlet in the first grate zone (I), the heated primary air is the grate bar rows of the first grate zone with air outlet into the combustion chamber and / or one or more of the subsequent grate zones (II, III, ...) is supplied.
EP90105393A 1989-04-03 1990-03-22 Combustion installation for burning fuel, in particular waste Expired - Lifetime EP0391146B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH120189 1989-04-03
CH1201/89 1989-04-03

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EP0391146A1 true EP0391146A1 (en) 1990-10-10
EP0391146B1 EP0391146B1 (en) 1993-10-13

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EP (1) EP0391146B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02287008A (en)
AT (1) ATE95907T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59003045D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0391146T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2044286T3 (en)
NO (1) NO174438C (en)
PT (1) PT93649B (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0485777A2 (en) * 1990-11-16 1992-05-20 Nkk Corporation Combustion apparatus for a refuse incinerator
EP0972989A1 (en) * 1998-07-15 2000-01-19 Asea Brown Boveri AG Process for combustion of solids
EP1617143A2 (en) 2004-07-15 2006-01-18 Lurgi Lentjes AG Grate bar with corresponding grate and incinerator
DE102004032291A1 (en) * 2004-07-03 2006-02-09 Lurgi Lentjes Ag Grate plate, associated combustion grate and corresponding waste incineration plant
EP1635114A2 (en) * 2004-09-14 2006-03-15 TM.E. S.P.A. Termomeccanica Ecologia Thermal waste disposal plant
WO2012104111A1 (en) * 2011-02-04 2012-08-09 Seko-Patent Gmbh Grate bar

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE415130C (en) * 1922-10-13 1925-06-24 C H Weck Comm Ges Firing for garbage incinerators
DE1262493B (en) * 1959-08-18 1968-03-07 Fuller Co Inclined grate under the wind for garbage incineration

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4732058U (en) * 1971-05-01 1972-12-11
JPS50161067A (en) * 1974-06-14 1975-12-26

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE415130C (en) * 1922-10-13 1925-06-24 C H Weck Comm Ges Firing for garbage incinerators
DE1262493B (en) * 1959-08-18 1968-03-07 Fuller Co Inclined grate under the wind for garbage incineration

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0485777A2 (en) * 1990-11-16 1992-05-20 Nkk Corporation Combustion apparatus for a refuse incinerator
EP0485777A3 (en) * 1990-11-16 1992-11-19 Nkk Corporation Combustion apparatus for a refuse incinerator
EP0972989A1 (en) * 1998-07-15 2000-01-19 Asea Brown Boveri AG Process for combustion of solids
DE102004032291A1 (en) * 2004-07-03 2006-02-09 Lurgi Lentjes Ag Grate plate, associated combustion grate and corresponding waste incineration plant
DE102004032291B4 (en) * 2004-07-03 2006-07-13 Lurgi Lentjes Ag grate plate
EP1617143A2 (en) 2004-07-15 2006-01-18 Lurgi Lentjes AG Grate bar with corresponding grate and incinerator
DE102004034322A1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2006-02-09 Lurgi Lentjes Ag Grate plate, associated combustion grate and corresponding waste incineration plant
DE102004034322B4 (en) * 2004-07-15 2006-09-28 Lurgi Lentjes Ag grate plate
EP1635114A2 (en) * 2004-09-14 2006-03-15 TM.E. S.P.A. Termomeccanica Ecologia Thermal waste disposal plant
EP1635114A3 (en) * 2004-09-14 2013-02-06 TM.E. S.P.A. Termomeccanica Ecologia Thermal waste disposal plant
WO2012104111A1 (en) * 2011-02-04 2012-08-09 Seko-Patent Gmbh Grate bar
EP2487414A1 (en) * 2011-02-04 2012-08-15 Seko-Patent GmbH Grate bar

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2044286T3 (en) 1994-01-01
DE59003045D1 (en) 1993-11-18
NO901484D0 (en) 1990-04-02
PT93649A (en) 1991-11-29
JPH02287008A (en) 1990-11-27
NO174438C (en) 1994-05-04
EP0391146B1 (en) 1993-10-13
ATE95907T1 (en) 1993-10-15
NO901484L (en) 1990-10-04
PT93649B (en) 1998-05-29
DK0391146T3 (en) 1993-11-15
NO174438B (en) 1994-01-24

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