EP0713056B1 - Cooled grate bar - Google Patents

Cooled grate bar Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0713056B1
EP0713056B1 EP95116648A EP95116648A EP0713056B1 EP 0713056 B1 EP0713056 B1 EP 0713056B1 EP 95116648 A EP95116648 A EP 95116648A EP 95116648 A EP95116648 A EP 95116648A EP 0713056 B1 EP0713056 B1 EP 0713056B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
block
water
blocks
cooled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95116648A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0713056A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Hauser
Daniel Morant
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Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
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Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG
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Publication of EP0713056A1 publication Critical patent/EP0713056A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooled grate block according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a grate block is known from document EP-A-0 621 449.
  • a row of grate blocks is in each case formed by several, usually 16 to 24 grate blocks, which are hung side by side on a support tube and be clamped together using a tie rod.
  • the Individual grate blocks are made using air flowing through them cooled, the combustion grates simultaneously as a oxidizing agent necessary for combustion.
  • the grate blocks are high exposed to thermal stress, the strong thermal stresses in the material of the rust blocks. It cracks can form in the material, which increases the risk of corrosion increases.
  • the grate blocks must be of high quality Material, for example made of high-alloy steel getting produced. Because of the large thermal expansions limits the size of the individual grate blocks; it is a relatively large number of grate blocks in a row of grate blocks necessary. It is disadvantageous that through the gaps between the individual rust blocks emerged through repeated expansion and contraction due to different block temperatures, caused by the combustion process as well as arrival and departure Shutting down the furnace, certain parts of the burned Waste (non-ferrous metals, dust etc.) fall through, which then get unburned into the slag.
  • the present invention is based on the object reduce the thermal stress on the grate block and a simpler assembly and maintenance technology to allow a grate that is also operationally withstands all requirements better.
  • FIG. 1 shows a grate element 3 as part of a grate for shown a plant for the thermal treatment of waste.
  • An inclined grating track settles in length composed of several grate elements 3; usually are three to five grate elements 3 in a row arranged.
  • several grate tracks can be placed side by side be attached; usually form a to four grate tracks the width of the grate.
  • the number of Grate elements 3 and the grate tracks depends on the given Flow rate of the waste and its calorific value from.
  • Each grate element 3 has several, possibly eight consecutively arranged rows of grate blocks 4,5, whereby a fixed grate block row 4 a movable Row of rust blocks 5 follows. There are 4.5 in each row of grate blocks several grate blocks 6 arranged side by side. Until now it was common to have 16 to 24 air-cooled grate blocks 6 'in to place a grate block row 4.5 next to each other. How Fig.1 shows, they were hung on a block holder tube 7 and by means of tie rods 14 and turnbuckle nuts (not shown) braced.
  • the block holder tubes 7 of the fixed grate block rows 4 are 1 carried by fixed brackets 8.
  • the Block holder tubes 7 of the movable grate block rows 5 are fixed in brackets 9, the movable grate car 10 are assigned.
  • Each grate element 3 is with a such grate car 10 equipped.
  • the grate 10 is by means of two hydraulic cylinders 11 arranged in parallel driven and thereby on rollers 12 on treads 13 moved back and forth.
  • the moving ones Grate block rows 5 moves, which have a push and shear effect on the waste material located on the rust track 2 exercise so that always new Waste surfaces of thermal treatment in the Combustion chamber are exposed while at the same time conveying forward of the waste material.
  • the grate block 6 has a block body 20 of a U-shaped Cross section on, the upper wall in Fig. 3 and 4 is designated 23.
  • the outer surface of the top wall 23 forms a usable area 33 on which the one to be treated Waste comes to lie and along which it is transported becomes.
  • a rear wall 21 of the block body 20 is with a hook 22 for hanging on the block holder tube 7 (Fig. 1) provided.
  • the grate block 6 with an inclined bottom 28 and one Provide foot 26.
  • Each foot 26 is one Rust blocks 6 of the upper wall 23 of a subsequent one Rust blocks 6 assigned; they are mutually exclusive relatively displaceable.
  • a water supply line opens into the cooling space 27 30 in.
  • the water supply is in Fig. 3 marked with an arrow W1.
  • Parallel to the back wall 21 extends to the water supply line 30 connected water supply cross line 31, which on individual locations (three shown in Fig.2) with outlet openings 32 is provided.
  • This water leak is indicated in Fig. 3 with an arrow W2.
  • Of the Water supply cross line 31 branch several, if necessary three longitudinal water supply branch lines 34 from which extends to the front wall 24 extend and there are angled such that its outlet opening 35 immediately in front of the foot 26 located.
  • the water discharge branch pipes 40 extend obliquely along the bottom 28 and open into a parallel to the water supply cross line 31st arranged, opposite this water drainage cross pipe 42. From there, the heated water by means of a discharge line 43 in the direction of an arrow W5 (Fig. 4) led away from the cold room 27.
  • the water supply line 30 and the water discharge line 43 are on in a manner not shown Cold water low pressure system connected. A connection to a closed cooling water system with a built-in Heat exchangers are preferred.
  • the grate block 6 is viewed from below in the direction of an arrow L1 (Fig. 3) air as a necessary for combustion Oxidizer by several evenly along the Grid block width distributed between the floor 28 and the front wall 24 extending through the cooling space 27 Pipes 46 out.
  • the front wall 24 faces a plurality of air outlet openings assigned to the tubes 46 47, from which the combustion air in the direction of a Arrow L2 flows. Since the air is just a means of combustion, but not as a coolant as before is used, there are significantly fewer air outlet openings 47, laboriously cleaned due to constipation have to be needed than was usual up to now.
  • the first grate element 3, intended for quick ignition by start-up torches is, also from rust blocks 6 without pipes 46 and air outlet openings 47 exist because now the water instead the air provides cooling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The cooled grate block has an upper wall (23), the outer surface of which forms a usage surface (33) on which the rubbish to be processed is placed and transported along it. The upper wall limits a cooling chamber (27) beneath it, through which passes a water feed-in conduit (31) and a water feed-out conduit (40,42). Both conduits end in the cooling chamber and have several outlet apertures and inlet apertures (41). The cooling chamber is formed in a U-shaped block body and is closed laterally by two sidewalls and from beneath by a floor and a foot (26). The foot of one grate block is relatively displaceable to the upper wall of a following grate block. The outlet apertures of the water feed-in conduit are arranged in the area of the foot.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen gekühlten Rostblock gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. Ein solcher Rostblock ist aus Dokument EP-A-0 621 449 bekannt.The invention relates to a cooled grate block according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a grate block is known from document EP-A-0 621 449.

In herkömmlichen Abfallverbrennungsanlagen wird bekannterweise der Abfall auf einem Rost durch einen Feuerungsraum gefördert und dabei getrocknet und verbrannt. Der Rost sorgt neben der Transportfunktion auch für ständige Durchmischung des Abfalls, so dass immer wieder neue Abfalloberflächen der thermischen Behandlung im Feuerungsraum ausgesetzt werden. Zu diesem Zweck weist eine Rostbahn mehrere treppenartig hintereinander angeordnete Rostblockreihen auf, wobei jeweils abwechselnd ortsfeste und bewegliche Rostblockreihen einander folgen. Das sich auf dem Rost befindende Abfallmaterial, beispielsweise Müll, wird durch eine Schubbewegung der beweglichen Rostblockreihen vorwärtsgeschoben und gleichzeitig durchgemischt. Eine Rostblockreihe wird jeweils durch mehrere, in der Regel 16 bis 24 Rostblöcke gebildet, die nebeneinander an einem Halterohr eingehängt und mittels einer Zugstange miteinander verspannt werden. Die einzelnen Rostblöcke werden mittels durchströmender Luft gekühlt, die bei Verbrennungsrosten gleichzeitig als ein für die Verbrennung notwendiges Oxidationsmittel dient.In conventional waste incineration plants is known the waste on a grate by one Furnace promoted and dried and burned. In addition to the transport function, the grate also ensures for constant mixing of the waste so that always again new waste surfaces of thermal treatment exposed in the furnace. For this purpose points a grate run several staircase-like one behind the other Rows of rust blocks, alternating Fixed and movable rows of grate blocks follow one another. The waste material on the grate, for example Garbage is made by a pushing movement of the moving Rows of grate blocks pushed forward and at the same time mixed. A row of grate blocks is in each case formed by several, usually 16 to 24 grate blocks, which are hung side by side on a support tube and be clamped together using a tie rod. The Individual grate blocks are made using air flowing through them cooled, the combustion grates simultaneously as a oxidizing agent necessary for combustion.

Trotz der Luftkühlung werden die Rostblöcke einer hohen thermischen Beanspruchung ausgesetzt, die starke Wärmespannungen im Material der Rostblöcke zur Folge hat. Es können sich Risse im Material bilden, wodurch die Korrosionsgefahr ansteigt. Die Rostblöcke müssen aus hochwertigem Material, beispielsweise aus hochlegiertem Stahl hergestellt werden. Wegen den grossen Wärmedehnungen ist die Grösse der einzelnen Rostblöcke limitiert; es ist eine relativ grosse Anzahl Rostblöcke in einer Rostblockreihe nötig. Es ist dabei von Nachteil, dass durch die Spalten zwischen den einzelnen Rostblöcken, entstanden durch mehrmaliges Ausdehnen und Zusammenschrumpfen durch unterschiedliche Blocktemperaturen, hervorgerufen durch den Verbrennungsablauf sowie An- und Abfahren des Ofens, gewisse Anteile des zu verbrennenden Abfalls (Buntmetalle, Staub etc.) durchfallen, die dann unverbrannt in die Schlacke gelangen. Werden zwei oder drei Rostbahnen nebeneinander verwendet, so müssen nicht nur auf der Aussenseite eines solchen Rostes, sondern auch zwischen den Rostbahnen Halterungen für die Zugstangen und Abdichtungen für die Leckluft angeordnet werden. Der Wechsel einzelner Rostblöcke ist somit kompliziert und beansprucht lange Servicezeiten.Despite the air cooling, the grate blocks are high exposed to thermal stress, the strong thermal stresses in the material of the rust blocks. It cracks can form in the material, which increases the risk of corrosion increases. The grate blocks must be of high quality Material, for example made of high-alloy steel getting produced. Because of the large thermal expansions limits the size of the individual grate blocks; it is a relatively large number of grate blocks in a row of grate blocks necessary. It is disadvantageous that through the gaps between the individual rust blocks emerged through repeated expansion and contraction due to different block temperatures, caused by the combustion process as well as arrival and departure Shutting down the furnace, certain parts of the burned Waste (non-ferrous metals, dust etc.) fall through, which then get unburned into the slag. Will be two or three grate tracks used next to each other, so do not have to only on the outside of such a grate, but Brackets for the tie rods also between the grate tracks and seals for the leakage air become. The change of individual grate blocks is therefore complicated and takes long service times.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die thermische Beanspruchung des Rostblocks zu senken und einen montage- und wartungstechnisch einfacheren Aufbau eines Rostes zu ermöglichen, der dennoch auch betriebstechnisch allen Anforderungen besser standhält.The present invention is based on the object reduce the thermal stress on the grate block and a simpler assembly and maintenance technology to allow a grate that is also operationally withstands all requirements better.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of the of the specified features solved.

Die durch die Erfindung erzielten Vorteile sind insbesondere in der wirksamen Kühlung zu sehen, wodurch Wärmespannungen und Wärmedehnungen im Rostblock weitgehend eliminiert werden. Somit können nur wenige, breitere Rostblöcke - miteinander in einfacher Weise verbunden - eine Rostblockreihe bilden. Dadurch wird nicht nur die Montage und Wechsel einfacher, sondern auch der Rostdurchfall bedeutend reduziert. Dabei kann der Rostblock auch aus weniger hochwertigem Material hergestellt werden. The advantages achieved by the invention are particular to see in the effective cooling, whereby Thermal stresses and thermal expansions in the grate block largely be eliminated. So only a few wider grate blocks - with each other in a simple way connected - form a row of grate blocks. This will not only easier to assemble and change, but also the rust diarrhea significantly reduced. The Rust block also made from less high quality material become.

Weitere besondere Vorteile ergeben sich bei Verwendung der erfindungsgemässen Rostblöcke für einen Pyrolyserost, der beim Verfahren nach dem Schweizer Patentgesuch Nr. 01510/94-8 (A 10364 CH) Anwendung findet. Bei diesem Verfahren wird keine Luft als Oxidationsmittel durch den Rost getrieben; da erfindungsgemäss die Luft als Kühlmittel ebenfalls entfällt, müssen die Rostblöcke keine der Verstopfungsgefahr ausgesetzten Luftöffnungen aufweisen.Further special advantages result from use the grate blocks according to the invention for a pyrolysis grate, who in the process according to Swiss patent application no. 01510 / 94-8 (A 10364 CH) finds application. With this No air is used as an oxidant by the process Rust driven; since according to the invention the air as a coolant also omitted, the grate blocks do not have to air openings exposed to the risk of clogging.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention will now be described with reference to the drawings explained.

Es zeigen:

Fig.1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Rostelements als Teil eines Rostes nach dem Stand der Technik;
Fig.2
schematisch dargestellt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemässen Rostblocks von unten in Pfeilrichtung P nach Fig.1 gesehen;
Fig.3
eine Seitenansicht des Rostblocks in Pfeilrichtung S nach Fig. 2, teilweise im Schnitt und
Fig.4
einen Schnitt nach Linie IV-IV in Fig.2.
Show it:
Fig. 1
an embodiment of a grate element as part of a grate according to the prior art;
Fig. 2
schematically shown an embodiment of a grate block according to the invention seen from below in the direction of arrow P according to Figure 1;
Fig. 3
a side view of the grate block in the direction of arrow S of FIG. 2, partly in section and
Fig. 4
a section along line IV-IV in Fig.2.

In Fig.1 ist ein Rostelement 3 als Teil eines Rostes für eine Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung von Abfall dargestellt. Eine geneigte Rostbahn setzt sich in der Länge aus mehreren Rostelementen 3 zusammen; in der Regel werden drei bis fünf Rostelemente 3 hintereinander angeordnet. Ausserdem können mehrere Rostbahnen nebeneinander angebracht werden; üblicherweise bilden eine bis vier Rostbahnen die Breite des Rostes. Die Anzahl der Rostelemente 3 und der Rostbahnen hängt von der vorgegebenen Durchsatzmenge des Abfalls und von dessen Heizwert ab.1 shows a grate element 3 as part of a grate for shown a plant for the thermal treatment of waste. An inclined grating track settles in length composed of several grate elements 3; usually are three to five grate elements 3 in a row arranged. In addition, several grate tracks can be placed side by side be attached; usually form a to four grate tracks the width of the grate. The number of Grate elements 3 and the grate tracks depends on the given Flow rate of the waste and its calorific value from.

Jedes Rostelement 3 weist mehrere, gegebenenfalls acht hintereinander angeordnete Rostblockreihen 4,5 auf, wobei jeweils einer festen Rostblockreihe 4 eine bewegliche Rostblockreihe 5 folgt. In jeder Rostblockreihe 4,5 sind mehrere Rostblöcke 6 nebeneinander angeordnet. Bis jetzt war es üblich, 16 bis 24 luftgekühlte Rostblöcke 6' in einer Rostblockreihe 4,5 nebeneinander zu plazieren. Wie Fig.1 zeigt, wurden sie an einem Blockhalterohr 7 eingehängt und mittels Zugstangen 14 und Spannschlossmuttern (nicht dargestellt) verspannt. Erfindungsgemäss werden nun lediglich drei bis vier an einem Blockhalterohr 7 eingehängte, wassergekühlte Rostblöcke 6 einer Rostblockreihe 4,5 miteinander fest verbunden, beispielsweise verschraubt. Am äussersten Block jeder festen Blockreihe wird eine Seitenplatte 15 angeschraubt.Each grate element 3 has several, possibly eight consecutively arranged rows of grate blocks 4,5, whereby a fixed grate block row 4 a movable Row of rust blocks 5 follows. There are 4.5 in each row of grate blocks several grate blocks 6 arranged side by side. Until now it was common to have 16 to 24 air-cooled grate blocks 6 'in to place a grate block row 4.5 next to each other. How Fig.1 shows, they were hung on a block holder tube 7 and by means of tie rods 14 and turnbuckle nuts (not shown) braced. According to the invention now only three to four on a block holder tube 7 suspended, water-cooled grate blocks 6 of a row of grate blocks 4,5 firmly connected, for example screwed. On the outermost block of each fixed row of blocks a side plate 15 is screwed on.

Die Blockhalterohre 7 der festen Rostblockreihen 4 werden gemäss Fig.1 von ortsfesten Konsolen 8 getragen. Die Blockhalterohre 7 der beweglichen Rostblockreihen 5 sind in Konsolen 9 befestigt, die einem beweglichen Rostwagen 10 zugeordnet sind. Jedes Rostelement 3 ist mit einem solchen Rostwagen 10 ausgestattet. Der Rostwagen 10 wird mittels zwei parallel angeordneter Hydraulikzylinder 11 angetrieben und dabei über Rollen 12 auf Laufflächen 13 vor und zurück bewegt. Somit werden auch die beweglichen Rostblockreihen 5 bewegt, die eine Schub- und Scherenwirkung auf den sich auf der Rostbahn 2 befindenden Abfallmaterial ausüben, so dass immer wieder neue Abfalloberflächen der thermischen Behandlung im Feuerungsraum ausgesetzt werden bei gleichzeitiger Vorwärtsförderung des Abfallmaterials.The block holder tubes 7 of the fixed grate block rows 4 are 1 carried by fixed brackets 8. The Block holder tubes 7 of the movable grate block rows 5 are fixed in brackets 9, the movable grate car 10 are assigned. Each grate element 3 is with a such grate car 10 equipped. The grate 10 is by means of two hydraulic cylinders 11 arranged in parallel driven and thereby on rollers 12 on treads 13 moved back and forth. Thus, the moving ones Grate block rows 5 moves, which have a push and shear effect on the waste material located on the rust track 2 exercise so that always new Waste surfaces of thermal treatment in the Combustion chamber are exposed while at the same time conveying forward of the waste material.

Anhand von Fig. 2 bis 4 wird nun im folgenden ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemässen Rostblocks 6, für einen Verbrennungsrost vorgesehen, beschrieben.An embodiment will now be described in the following with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 a grate block 6 according to the invention, provided for a combustion grate, described.

Der Rostblock 6 weist einen Blockkörper 20 von einem U-förmigen Querschnitt auf, dessen obere Wand in Fig. 3 und 4 mit 23 bezeichnet ist. Die Aussenfläche der oberen Wand 23 bildet eine Nutzfläche 33, auf der der zu behandelnde Abfall zu liegen kommt und entlang welcher er transportiert wird. Eine hintere Wand 21 des Blockkörpers 20 ist mit einem Haken 22 zum Einhängen am Blockhalterohr 7 (Fig. 1) versehen. Zwischen der oberen Wand 23 und einer vorderen Wand 24 befindet sich eine Ecke 25. Unten ist der Rostblock 6 mit einem schrägen Boden 28 und einem Fuss 26 versehen. Dabei ist jeweils der Fuss 26 eines Rostblocks 6 der oberen Wand 23 eines nachfolgenden Rostblocks 6 zugeordnet; sie sind jeweils gegenseitig relativ verschiebbar.The grate block 6 has a block body 20 of a U-shaped Cross section on, the upper wall in Fig. 3 and 4 is designated 23. The outer surface of the top wall 23 forms a usable area 33 on which the one to be treated Waste comes to lie and along which it is transported becomes. A rear wall 21 of the block body 20 is with a hook 22 for hanging on the block holder tube 7 (Fig. 1) provided. Between the top wall 23 and one front wall 24 is a corner 25. Below is the grate block 6 with an inclined bottom 28 and one Provide foot 26. Each foot 26 is one Rust blocks 6 of the upper wall 23 of a subsequent one Rust blocks 6 assigned; they are mutually exclusive relatively displaceable.

Durch den Blockkörper 20, den Boden 28 und den Fuss 26, und zwei Seitenwände 29 wird ein innerer Kühlraum 27 umschlossen. In den Kühlraum 27 mündet eine Wasserzufuhrleitung 30 hinein. Die Wasserzufuhr ist in Fig. 3 mit einem Pfeil W1 bezeichnet. Parallel zur hinteren Wand 21 erstreckt sich eine an die Wasserzufuhrleitung 30 angeschlossene Wasserzufuhr-Querleitung 31, welche an einzelnen Stellen (in Fig.2 drei dargestellt) mit Austrittsöffnungen 32 versehen ist. Dieser Wasseraustritt ist in Fig. 3 mit einem Pfeil W2 bezeichnet. Von der Wasserzufuhr-Querleitung 31 zweigen mehrere, gegebenenfalls drei längs angeordnete Wasserzufuhr-Verzweigungsleitungen 34 ab, die sich bis zur vorderen Wand 24 hin erstrecken und dort derart abgewinkelt sind, dass sich ihre Austrittsöffnung 35 unmittelbar vor dem Fuss 26 befindet. Das aus der Austrittsöffnung 35 ausströmende Wasser füllt in Richtung eines Pfeiles W3 zusammen mit dem aus den Austrittsöffnungen 32 austretenden Wasser (Pfeil W2 ) den geschlossenen Kühlraum 27, wobei diese beide Wasserströmungen im gewissen Sinne entgegenwirken und für eine gute Wasserdurchmischung bzw. für einen verstärkten Kühlungseffekt sorgen. Es ist dabei von Bedeutung, dass die insbesondere stark mechanisch beanspruchte Stelle des Rostblocks 6, nämlich der Fuss 26, direkt mit dem Kühlwasser beaufschlagt wird.Through the block body 20, the bottom 28 and the foot 26, and two side walls 29 become an inner cooling space 27 enclosed. A water supply line opens into the cooling space 27 30 in. The water supply is in Fig. 3 marked with an arrow W1. Parallel to the back wall 21 extends to the water supply line 30 connected water supply cross line 31, which on individual locations (three shown in Fig.2) with outlet openings 32 is provided. This water leak is indicated in Fig. 3 with an arrow W2. Of the Water supply cross line 31 branch several, if necessary three longitudinal water supply branch lines 34 from which extends to the front wall 24 extend and there are angled such that its outlet opening 35 immediately in front of the foot 26 located. That flowing out of the outlet opening 35 Water fills along with in the direction of an arrow W3 the water emerging from the outlet openings 32 (Arrow W2) the closed cooling space 27, this counteract both water currents in a certain sense and for a good water mixing or for one provide increased cooling effect. It is from Meaning that the particularly mechanically stressed Location of the grate block 6, namely the foot 26, directly with the cooling water.

Den grössten Temperaturen und daher der grössten thermischen Beanspruchung ist die vordere Ecke 25 ausgesetzt (vgl. dazu besonders Fig. 1, nach welcher gut vorstellbar ist, welcher Bereich der Rostblöcke ständig der direkten thermischen Beanspruchung bzw. dem direkten Kontakt mit der Abfallschicht ausgesetzt ist, egal in welcher Relativstellung sich momentan bewegliche und feste Rostblockreihen 4,5 befinden). Zu dieser Stelle des Kühlraumes 27 steigt das leichtere, bereits erwärmte Wasser und wird dort zusätzlich weiter erhitzt. Unmittelbar in diesem Bereich sind Eintrittsöffnungen 41 (Fig. 4) von mehreren, gegebenenfalls zwei Wasserabfuhr-Verzweigungsleitungen 40 (vgl. Fig. 2) angebracht. Der Eintritt vom erhitzten Wasser in die Wasserabfuhr-Verzweigungsleitungen 40 ist in Fig. 4 mit einem Pfeil W4 bezeichnet. Die Wasserabfuhr-Verzweigungsleitungen 40 erstrecken sich schräg entlang des Bodens 28 und münden in eine parallel zur Wasserzufuhr-Querleitung 31 angeordnete, gegenüber dieser tiefer versetzte Wasserabfuhr-Querleitung 42. Von dort wird das erwärmte Wasser mittels einer Abfuhrleitung 43 in Richtung eines Pfeiles W5 (Fig. 4) aus dem Kühlraum 27 weggeführt.The highest temperatures and therefore the greatest thermal The front corner 25 is exposed to stress (cf. especially Fig. 1, according to which well imaginable is which area of the grate blocks is always the direct one thermal stress or direct contact with is exposed to the waste layer, no matter which Relative position is currently movable and fixed Rows of grate blocks 4,5). At this point of the Cold room 27 rises the lighter, already heated Water and is further heated there. Entry openings 41 are immediately in this area (Fig. 4) of several, possibly two water discharge branch lines 40 (see FIG. 2) attached. Of the Entry of the heated water into the water discharge branch pipes 40 is in Fig. 4 with an arrow W4 designated. The water discharge branch pipes 40 extend obliquely along the bottom 28 and open into a parallel to the water supply cross line 31st arranged, opposite this water drainage cross pipe 42. From there, the heated water by means of a discharge line 43 in the direction of an arrow W5 (Fig. 4) led away from the cold room 27.

Die zweckmässige Anordnung der Kaltwasserzufuhr (Austrittsöffnungen 35) und der Warmwasserabfuhr (Eintrittsöffnungen 41) sichert den optimalen Kühlungsstrom (es wird z.B. auch vermieden, dass sich an bestimmten Stellen sogenannte "Wassertaschen" mit nicht zirkulierendem Wasser bilden, oder dass Dampfblasen im Bereich der Ecke 25 entstehen), schont den mechanisch beanspruchten Fuss 26 und vermeidet zu hohe thermische Spannungen im Bereich der vorderen Ecke 25.The appropriate arrangement of the cold water supply (outlet openings 35) and hot water discharge (entry openings 41) ensures the optimal cooling flow (It is also avoided, for example, that certain Make so-called "water pockets" with non-circulating Form water, or that vapor bubbles in the area the corner 25 arise), protects the mechanically stressed Foot 26 and avoids excessive thermal Tensions in the area of the front corner 25.

Die Wasserzufuhrleitung 30 sowie die Wasserabfuhrleitung 43 sind in nicht näher dargestellter Weise an ein Kaltwasser-Niederdrucksystem angeschlossen. Ein Anschluss an ein geschlossenes Kühlwassersystem mit einem eingebauten Wärmeaustauscher ist zu bevorzugen.The water supply line 30 and the water discharge line 43 are on in a manner not shown Cold water low pressure system connected. A connection to a closed cooling water system with a built-in Heat exchangers are preferred.

Bei der in Fig. 2 bis 4 dargestellten, für einen Verbrennungsrost vorgesehenen Ausführungsform des Rostblocks 6 wird von unten in Richtung eines Pfeiles L1 (Fig. 3) Luft als ein für die Verbrennung notwendiges Oxidationsmittel durch mehrere gleichmässig entlang der Rostblockbreite verteilte, sich zwischen dem Boden 28 und der vorderen Wand 24 durch den Kühlraum 27 erstreckende Rohre 46 geführt. Die vordere Wand 24 weist gemäss Fig. 3 mehrere den Rohren 46 zugeordnete Luftaustrittsöfnungen 47 auf, aus denen die Verbrennungsluft in Richtung eines Pfeiles L2 strömt. Da die Luft lediglich als Verbrennungsmittel, nicht aber als Kühlungsmittel wie bisher verwendet wird, sind wesentlich wenigere Luftaustrittsöffnungen 47, die wegen Verstopfung mühsam gereinigt werden müssen, benötigt als bis jetzt üblich. 2 to 4, for one Combustion grate provided embodiment of the grate block 6 is viewed from below in the direction of an arrow L1 (Fig. 3) air as a necessary for combustion Oxidizer by several evenly along the Grid block width distributed between the floor 28 and the front wall 24 extending through the cooling space 27 Pipes 46 out. According to FIG. 3, the front wall 24 faces a plurality of air outlet openings assigned to the tubes 46 47, from which the combustion air in the direction of a Arrow L2 flows. Since the air is just a means of combustion, but not as a coolant as before is used, there are significantly fewer air outlet openings 47, laboriously cleaned due to constipation have to be needed than was usual up to now.

Werden die erfindungsgemässen, wassergekühlten Rostblöcke 6 für einen Pyrolyserost verwendet, bei dem keine Luft als Oxidationsmittel durch den Rost getrieben wird, so entfallen die Rohre 46 sowie die der Verstopfungsgefahr ausgesetzten Luftaustrittsöfnungen 47 gänzlich. Da keine Luft durch den Rost 1 geführt werden muss, kann eine dickere Abfallschicht auf den Rost 1 aufgetragen werden.Are the water-cooled grate blocks according to the invention 6 used for a pyrolysis grate in which no air is driven through the grate as an oxidizing agent, so the pipes 46 and the risk of clogging are eliminated exposed air outlet openings 47 entirely. Since none Air must be passed through the grate 1, can thicker waste layer can be applied to the grate 1.

Bei einem Verbrennungsrost kann das erste Rostelement 3, das zum schnellen Zünden durch Anfahrbrenner bestimmt ist, ebenfalls aus Rostblöcken 6 ohne Rohre 46 und Luftaustrittsöfnungen 47 bestehen, da nun das Wasser anstelle der Luft für die Kühlung sorgt.In the case of a combustion grate, the first grate element 3, intended for quick ignition by start-up torches is, also from rust blocks 6 without pipes 46 and air outlet openings 47 exist because now the water instead the air provides cooling.

Bei der erfindungsgemässen Wasserkühlung einzelner Rostblöcke 6 können dank den günstigeren Wärmeübergangszahlen vom Wasser im Vergleich zur Luft die mittlere Temperaturwerte am Rost wesentlich reduziert werden. Bewegten sich diese Werte bei Luftkühlung etwa zwischen 350° bis 700°C, so konnten sie durch die Wasserkühlung auf ca. 50° bis 100°C gesenkt werden. Die hohen thermisch bedingten Spannungen und Dehnungen im Material, die bei luftgekühlten Rostblöcken 6' üblich waren, entfallen bei der erfindungsgemässen Wasserkühlung. Dadurch können problemlos im Gegensatz zu früheren Rostausführungen wenigere (drei bis vier), breitere Rostblöcke 6 nebeneinander in einer Rostblockreihe 4,5 angeordnet werden und die Breite der Rostbahn 2 bilden. Die bisherige Verspannung durch Zugstangen 14 (Fig. 1) erübrigt sich ebenfalls; die Rostblöcke 6 einer Rostblockreihe 4 bzw. 5 können in einfacher Weise miteinander verschraubt werden. Bei Mehrbahn-Rosten entfallen somit auch die bisher notwendigen Halterungen für die Zugstangen zwischen den einzelnen Bahnen. Dadurch ist ein eventueller Wechsel von Rostblöcken 6 wesentlich vereinfacht und beansprucht kürzere Servicezeiten. Zudem war der Wechsel bei den früheren, hohen Temperaturen öfter, beispielsweise alljährlich, nötig. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil liegt erfindungsgemäss auch darin, dass durch die Verwendung von wenigen Rostblöcken 6 bzw. durch Wegfallen von Spalten der Rostdurchfall erheblich reduziert wird; die Gefahr, dass beispielsweise Buntmetalle oder Staub durch den Rost fallen und unverbrannt in die Schlacke gelangen, ist bedeutend geringer.In the water cooling of individual grate blocks according to the invention 6 can thanks to the cheaper heat transfer coefficients the mean temperature values of water compared to air on the grate can be significantly reduced. Moving with air cooling, these values range between approximately 350 ° to 700 ° C, so they could by the water cooling to about 50 ° can be reduced to 100 ° C. The high thermal ones Tensions and strains in the material that occur in air-cooled Rust blocks 6 'were common in the water cooling according to the invention. This allows unlike previous grate designs fewer (three to four), wider grate blocks 6 side by side be arranged in a grate block row 4.5 and form the width of the grate track 2. The previous Bracing by tie rods 14 (Fig. 1) is unnecessary Likewise; the grate blocks 6 of a grate block row 4 or 5 can be easily screwed together. In the case of multi-track gratings, the previous ones are no longer required necessary brackets for the tie rods between the individual tracks. This is a possible change from Rust blocks 6 significantly simplified and claimed shorter service times. The change was also in the previous, high temperatures more often, for example every year, necessary. A major advantage lies according to the invention also in that through the use from a few rust blocks 6 or by eliminating Splitting the rust diarrhea is significantly reduced; the Danger of, for example, non-ferrous metals or dust the grate fall and get unburned into the slag, is significantly lower.

Durch die niedrigeren Temperaturen und die niedrigere thermische Beanspruchung des Rostblocks 6 ist weitgehend auch die Gefahr eliminiert, dass durch Wärmespannungen Risse im Material entstehen, die die Korrosion begünstigen. Somit kann die Verwendung von weniger hochwertigem Material für die Rostblöcke 6 in Betracht gezogen werden.Because of the lower temperatures and the lower thermal stress on the grate block 6 is largely also eliminates the risk of heat stress Cracks occur in the material, which promote corrosion. Thus, the use of less high quality Material for the grate blocks 6 into consideration to be pulled.

Vorzugsweise werden sowohl die festen, als auch die beweglichen Rostblockreihen 4 bzw.5 aus wassergekühlten Rostblöcken 6 zusammengesetzt. Es wäre aber auch möglich, die Wasser- und Luftkühlung miteinander zu kombinieren.Both the solid and the Movable grate block rows 4 or 5 made of water-cooled Rust blocks 6 assembled. But it would also be possible to combine water and air cooling.

Claims (11)

  1. Cooled grate block as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste material, having an upper wall (23), whose outer surface forms a useful surface (33) on which the waste material to be treated comes to rest and along which the waste material is transported, in which the upper wall (23) bounds a cooling space (27) which is located below it and through which a water feed line (30, 31, 34) and a water drainage line (40, 42, 43) pass, characterized in that the water feed line (30, 31, 34) and the water drainage line (40, 42, 43) end in the cooling space (27) and have a plurality of outlet openings (35) and a plurality of inlet openings (41) respectively, the inlet openings (41) of the water drainage line (40, 42, 43) being arranged in the region of a corner (25) formed at the transition of the upper wall (23) to a front wall (24).
  2. Cooled grate block according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cooling space (27) is formed in a U-shaped block body (20) and is closed at the side by two side walls (29) and from below by a bottom (28) and a foot (26), the foot (26) of a grate block (6) being assigned respectively to the upper wall (23) of a downstream grate block (6) so as to be relatively displaceable.
  3. Cooled grate block according to Claim 2, characterized in that the outlet openings (35) of the water feed line (30, 31, 34) are arranged in the region of the foot (26).
  4. Cooled grate block according to one of Claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the water feed line (30, 31, 34) has a transverse line (31) which is arranged parallel to a rear wall (21) of the block body (20) and to which are connected a plurality of branch lines (34) which protrude right into the front region of the cooling space (27) and are provided with the outlet openings (35).
  5. Cooled grate block according to one of Claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the water drainage line (40, 42, 43) has a transverse line (42) which is arranged parallel to a rear wall (21) of the block body (20) and to which are connected a plurality of branch lines (40) which protrude right into the front region of the cooling space (27) and are provided with the inlet openings (41).
  6. Cooled grate block according to Claim 4, characterized in that the transverse line (31) is provided with a plurality of additional water outlet openings (32).
  7. Cooled grate block according to one of Claims 2 to 6, which forms a part of a combustion grate of a waste incineration plant, characterized in that a front wall (24) of the block body (20) is provided with a plurality of air outlet openings (47) which are distributed evenly over the width of the grate block and to which the air is supplied as a combustion medium through corresponding tubes (46) which pass through the cooling space (27) between the bottom (28) and the front wall (24).
  8. Cooled grate block according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the water feed line (30, 31, 34) and the water drainage line (40, 42, 43) are connected to a closed cooling water system provided with a heat exchanger.
  9. Grate made up of cooled grate blocks (6) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, a plurality of grate blocks (6) suspended on a block holding tube (7) and joined together forming a grate-block row (4 or 5), characterized in that the grate-block row (4 or 5) is formed from a maximum of four grate blocks (6).
  10. Grate according to Claim 9, characterized in that side walls (29) of the adjacent grate blocks (6) are screwed together.
  11. Grate according to one of Claims 9 or 10, having a plurality of fixed grate-block rows (4) and a plurality of movable grate-block rows (5) which are arranged following on from one another alternately, characterized in that both the fixed grate-block rows (4) and the movable grate-block rows (5) are formed by the water-cooled grate blocks (6).
EP95116648A 1994-11-17 1995-10-23 Cooled grate bar Expired - Lifetime EP0713056B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3452/94 1994-11-17
CH03452/94A CH688840A5 (en) 1994-11-17 1994-11-17 Cooled grate block.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0713056A1 EP0713056A1 (en) 1996-05-22
EP0713056B1 true EP0713056B1 (en) 1999-05-19

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EP95116648A Expired - Lifetime EP0713056B1 (en) 1994-11-17 1995-10-23 Cooled grate bar

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US (1) US5617801A (en)
EP (1) EP0713056B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2831958B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE180323T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2161835A1 (en)
CH (1) CH688840A5 (en)
CZ (1) CZ290036B6 (en)
DE (1) DE59505967D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0713056T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2087842T3 (en)
FI (1) FI955535A (en)
HU (1) HUT72543A (en)
NO (1) NO305577B1 (en)
PL (1) PL311406A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1191282A1 (en) * 2000-09-22 2002-03-27 Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG Cooled grate bar
WO2002035149A1 (en) 2000-10-25 2002-05-02 Von Roll Umweltechnik Ag Grate-type trough serving as a part of a grate for an installation that thermally processes refuse

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH689519A5 (en) * 1995-05-17 1999-05-31 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Cooled grate block.
JPH08319142A (en) * 1995-05-25 1996-12-03 Chichibu Onoda Cement Corp Clinker cooling system
DE19648128C2 (en) * 1996-11-21 2002-11-07 Alstom Grate for a furnace
NO312644B1 (en) * 1997-04-23 2002-06-10 Doikos Investments Ltd Water cooled pressure combustion grate
EP0987494A1 (en) * 1998-09-15 2000-03-22 Asea Brown Boveri AG Process for cooling a grate of a furnace and grate of a furnace
DE59800138D1 (en) 1998-09-24 2000-06-08 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Grate element and method for cooling the same
DE19929614C2 (en) * 1999-06-28 2001-04-26 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Firing system with liquid-cooled grate elements
TW457354B (en) * 1999-08-20 2001-10-01 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Plant and grate block for the thermal treatment of waste materials
JP3734153B2 (en) * 2001-06-08 2006-01-11 株式会社タクマ Water-cooled grate
DE10137520B4 (en) * 2001-08-01 2004-05-13 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik grate
ITMI20041745A1 (en) * 2004-09-14 2004-12-14 Tm E S P A Termomeccanica WASTE DISPOSAL PLANT
US20090151609A1 (en) * 2007-12-15 2009-06-18 Hoskinson Gordon H Incinerator with pivoting grating system
JP5422291B2 (en) * 2009-07-30 2014-02-19 株式会社タクマ Water-cooled stoker furnace

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DE624892C (en) * 1933-10-25 1936-01-30 Werner Koch Dr Water-cooled moving grate
US2171848A (en) * 1937-03-05 1939-09-05 Maurice A Hofft Water cooled grate bar
DE808263C (en) * 1948-10-02 1951-07-12 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Self-supporting, water-cooled plan grate
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CH684118A5 (en) * 1993-04-20 1994-07-15 Doikos Investments Ltd Burning sweepings on combustion grill - individually dosing prim. air through separate tubes extending whole length underneath grill
CH688871A5 (en) * 1994-05-16 1998-04-30 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Process for the thermal energy from waste material, in particular garbage.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1191282A1 (en) * 2000-09-22 2002-03-27 Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG Cooled grate bar
WO2002035149A1 (en) 2000-10-25 2002-05-02 Von Roll Umweltechnik Ag Grate-type trough serving as a part of a grate for an installation that thermally processes refuse
US6425336B1 (en) 2000-10-25 2002-07-30 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Grate trough as part of a grate for a plant for the thermal treatment of waste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE180323T1 (en) 1999-06-15
JP2831958B2 (en) 1998-12-02
ES2087842T3 (en) 1999-08-16
CA2161835A1 (en) 1996-05-18
CZ290036B6 (en) 2002-05-15
CZ302595A3 (en) 1996-06-12
HU9503110D0 (en) 1995-12-28
EP0713056A1 (en) 1996-05-22
CH688840A5 (en) 1998-04-15
NO305577B1 (en) 1999-06-21
PL311406A1 (en) 1996-05-27
HUT72543A (en) 1996-05-28
JPH08219432A (en) 1996-08-30
FI955535A0 (en) 1995-11-16
US5617801A (en) 1997-04-08
NO954614L (en) 1996-05-20
FI955535A (en) 1996-05-18
DK0713056T3 (en) 1999-11-08
NO954614D0 (en) 1995-11-15
ES2087842T1 (en) 1996-08-01
DE59505967D1 (en) 1999-06-24

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