EP0499912B1 - Grate bar and grate for combustion plants - Google Patents

Grate bar and grate for combustion plants Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0499912B1
EP0499912B1 EP92102124A EP92102124A EP0499912B1 EP 0499912 B1 EP0499912 B1 EP 0499912B1 EP 92102124 A EP92102124 A EP 92102124A EP 92102124 A EP92102124 A EP 92102124A EP 0499912 B1 EP0499912 B1 EP 0499912B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grating
bar
grate
bars
grating bar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92102124A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0499912A2 (en
EP0499912A3 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Krieger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Noell Abfall- und Energietechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Noell Abfall- und Energietechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Noell Abfall- und Energietechnik GmbH filed Critical Noell Abfall- und Energietechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0499912A2 publication Critical patent/EP0499912A2/en
Publication of EP0499912A3 publication Critical patent/EP0499912A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0499912B1 publication Critical patent/EP0499912B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F23H17/12—Fire-bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grate bar and a grate for incinerators.
  • a grate for incinerators is usually formed by rows of grate bars that lie one above the other and extend transversely to the transport direction of the firing material.
  • the grate bars in waste incineration plants are exposed to both thermally and mechanically considerably higher loads than those in power plants fired with fossil fuels, since the material to be burned in waste incineration plants constantly varies in size, weight, calorific value, combustion behavior and the like.
  • the service life of grate bars must be as long and constant as possible for reasons of maintenance and overall availability of the systems.
  • grate bars of incineration plants are therefore subject to very different requirements, which attempts are being made to comply with different grate bar shapes, but in particular with changing grate bar materials.
  • a generic hollow box-shaped two-part grate bar which has air supply lines on the rear side and has outlet openings on the surface of the grate bar (EP-A-0 205 658).
  • Such grate bars require a constant Minimum air pressure in order to prevent fired goods from entering the grate bars. No attention was paid to the problem of melting non-ferrous metals and small, specifically heavy steel scrap parts.
  • a grate bar according to EP-A-0 170 803 consists of a carrier part and a head part flanged in front of it from thermally particularly resistant material.
  • the grate receives part of its air from the underside of the grate for the oxidation of the material to be burned, and consequently the head part of each grate bar has an air outlet opening.
  • the grate bar is divided in the middle by a rib for reasons of stability and airflow, but is otherwise open at the bottom.
  • the grate bar has some defects. Molten non-ferrous metals and small pieces of steel scrap can get stuck in the gap between the support part and the head part of the grate bar.
  • the row of grate bars cannot be moved by the entire offset dimension in relation to the adjacent one.
  • the air cooling of the bars is not constant due to the variable inflow cross sections due to the movement of the grate bars.
  • grate bars which have an air outlet opening in the head part, which let an air jet emerge, the jet angle of which sweeps both beyond the horizontal plane of the grate and over the head of the adjacent row of grate bars.
  • the grate bar is open at the bottom and therefore also does not allow constant air cooling of the grate bars.
  • the surfaces of the grate bars are stepped and the stroke of each grate bar row is limited to approximately half of the free grate bar surface.
  • a grate bar is known, which is formed on two levels with two lower air levels and correspondingly has two air outlet levels on the protruding head part of the grate bar.
  • the front surface of the grate bar above the lower air outlet level cannot be cleared.
  • Such grate bars can only be used sensibly for inclined gratings and not for horizontal gratings. No attention is paid to the problem of melting non-ferrous metals.
  • the invention is therefore based on the problem of creating grate bars and a grate that are very resistant, prevent unwanted air leaks between the grate bars, have a surface that is as dense as possible both in the cold and in the warm state and are not susceptible to disturbances caused by non-ferrous metal flow or small-volume steel scrap are, but allow a complete clearing of the grate bar rows with the greatest possible stroke of the grate bars.
  • the grate bar according to the invention for incinerators, in particular for waste incineration plants has front air outlet openings for under air and has one hollow box-like trapezoidal cross-section in the longitudinal and transverse axes and an air supply opening for under air on the rear grate bar side.
  • the grate bar can have one or more ribs in the longitudinal direction, dividing the hollow box shape on the inside.
  • the grate bar can have a front part which can be attached below the surface on which the firing material lies and which can be replaced when worn.
  • This grate bar lies in the trapezoidal shape resulting from the bevel at the front and rear end of the grate bar (longitudinal section through the bar).
  • the drive point can be arranged on the underside of the bar, approximately opposite the end of the surface of the bar, and the lower edge of the front part of the bar just lies on the surface of the preceding grate bar.
  • This arrangement allows the rod to have a large stroke that is more than two thirds of its total length. Nevertheless, the tip of the head section resting on the previous row of grate bars can completely clear the grate bar in front of it. When the grate bar moves back, its surface is cleared of the grate bar located above.
  • the large stroke also results in an improvement in the feed rate and at the same time a reduction in the wear of the grate bars.
  • the oxidation of the firing material and the circulation of the firing material is supported by the air outlet nozzle, which is directed downwards relative to the horizontal construction level of the grate, and a correspondingly directed air flow.
  • Even when parked or Reduced under-air flow makes it impossible for fired goods such as liquid non-ferrous metal or the like to penetrate the nozzle due to their arrangement approximately in the middle of the front of the grate bar.
  • the air supply from the rear of the grate bar is completely directed into an air flow which is forcibly directed through the hollow box shape and the inner ribs of the grate bar to the head part of the grate bar.
  • the grate bar is thus optimally cooled, especially since the inflow and outflow cross sections for the under air in the grate bar remain constant.
  • these can be assembled from double-T-shaped or U-shaped, cast profiles to form a hollow box-type grate bar.
  • the grate bar according to the invention also has a trapezoidal cross section in the transverse direction, the surface or top surface of the grate bar on which the firing material rests is narrower than the lower surface of the hollow box-type grate bar.
  • the grate rod on the upper side heated by the firing material expands more than the underside of the grate rod, which is cooled more strongly by the under air.
  • This design of the grate bar means that the side surfaces of adjacent grate bars are parallel to one another in the operating state at furnace operating temperature. Thus, a first prerequisite for tightness of the joints between adjacent grate bars is given.
  • the head part of the cold grate bar is also made correspondingly narrower than the rear side of the grate bar. This results in rust that is dense both when cold and when hot.
  • the grate bar support is given an arcuate shape, so that the grate surface results as a trough layer which is retained in the operating state.
  • the possibility of making the grate bar support curved arises only through the trapezoidal design of the grate bar in its transverse direction and the tapering of the grate bar in the direction of the head part of the grate bar. If the grate surface is to be flat in the operating state, the arc height of the grate bar support is chosen to be correspondingly lower.
  • the interchangeable head part of the grate bar is positively placed under the surface of the grate bar. It can e.g. B. connected by pins to the upper part of the hollow box-like grate bar. In this case, the insertable head part is made narrower than the grate bar, so that an air outlet nozzle results between adjacent grate bars.
  • several head parts can be assigned to a grate bar, which then likewise form a common air nozzle formed as recesses between them.
  • the schematic grate bar according to FIG. 1 shows a surface 1 on which the firing material lies and an underside 2 which at least partially rests on the grate bar row arranged in front of it with a surface which is not shown.
  • a central rib 4 divides the grate bar in the longitudinal direction into two chambers, each of which can be acted upon by air from the open rear side 3 of the grate bar, which as the under air Combustion grate is fed. The air flows through the hollow box and exits at the slot nozzle 6.
  • This nozzle 6 on the front of the grate bar lies above the front edge 7 of the grate bar, which pushes firing material from the grate bar row in front of it with each stroke and thus ensures both the advancement of the firing material and an additional stoking effect in the firing material.
  • the constructive horizontal plane H of the grate shows that the air flow is directed into the firing material by an angle alpha away from the horizontal plane. Tests have shown that such a direction of air flow leads to optimal combustion results.
  • the air inflow cross sections and the outflow cross sections always remain the same size, regardless of the stroke that is transmitted from a grate bar carrier or driver, not shown, to the grate bar at the drive point 5.
  • FIG 2 the head part of another grate bar is shown, between the lower surface 2 and surface 1, an interchangeable front part 10, which engages positively around a nose 11 on the surface 1 of the grate bar and is loosely held by a threaded pin 8, not shown, inserted in threaded hole 8.
  • this situation is shown as section III-III according to Figure 2 on two adjacent grate bars 13, 14.
  • Figure 4 shows schematically a grate bar similar to Figure 1 in plan view.
  • HU the rear lower edge of the grate bar is designated with HO the rear upper edge of the surface of the grate bar.
  • VO indicates the front edge of the grate bar on its surface and VU the front edge of the grate bar on its lower surface.
  • the broken line shows the grate bar in the operating state, in which the grate bar side surfaces have expanded into the vertical and parallel and no longer appear trapezoidal (transverse direction). In this situation the grate surface would be flat, ie without any interruptions.
  • the presentation is a bit exaggerated.
  • the actual return dimensions are a few tenths of a millimeter; they can be created by grinding the surfaces non-parallel.
  • each grate bar 16 is shaped in such a way that it is also hot Operating state maintains its trapezoidal shape in the transverse direction, i.e. the side surfaces of the grate bars remain non-parallel in the vertical direction and an uninterrupted curved plane of the grate surface is created.
  • the grate bar support 17 then also has an arc shape.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Roststab und ein Rost für Verbrennungsanlagen.The invention relates to a grate bar and a grate for incinerators.

Ein Rost für Verbrennungsöfen ist üblicherweise durch quer zur Transportrichtung des Brenngutes sich erstreckende dachziegelartig übereinanderliegende Reihen von Roststäben gebildet. Die Roststäbe in Abfallverbrennungsanlagen sind sowohl thermisch als auch mechanisch erheblich höheren Belastungen ausgesetzt als jene in mit fossilen Brennstoffen befeuerten Kraftwerke, da das Brenngut in Abfallverbrennungsanlagen ständig in Größe, Gewicht, Heizwert, Brennverhalten und ähnlichem variiert. Die Standzeit von Roststäben muß aus Gründen der Instandhaltung und Gesamtverfügbarkeit der Anlagen möglichst lang und konstant sein.A grate for incinerators is usually formed by rows of grate bars that lie one above the other and extend transversely to the transport direction of the firing material. The grate bars in waste incineration plants are exposed to both thermally and mechanically considerably higher loads than those in power plants fired with fossil fuels, since the material to be burned in waste incineration plants constantly varies in size, weight, calorific value, combustion behavior and the like. The service life of grate bars must be as long and constant as possible for reasons of maintenance and overall availability of the systems.

An die Roststäbe von Verbrennungsanlagen werden daher sehr unterschiedliche Anforderungen gestellt, denen mit verschiedenen Roststabformen, insbesondere jedoch mit wechselnden Roststabmaterialien zu entsprechen versucht wird.The grate bars of incineration plants are therefore subject to very different requirements, which attempts are being made to comply with different grate bar shapes, but in particular with changing grate bar materials.

Es ist ein gattungsgemäßer hohlkastenförmiger zweiteiliger Roststab bekannt, der Luftzuführleitungen an der Rückseite aufweist und Austrittsöffnungen auf der Oberfläche des Roststabes hat (EP-A-0 205 658). Derartige Roststäbe bedingen einen konstanten Mindestluftdruck, um das Eindringen von Brenngut in die Roststäbe zu verhindern. Dem Problem schmelzenden Buntmetalles und kleiner, spezifisch schwerer Stahlschrottteile wurde keine Beachtung geschenkt.A generic hollow box-shaped two-part grate bar is known, which has air supply lines on the rear side and has outlet openings on the surface of the grate bar (EP-A-0 205 658). Such grate bars require a constant Minimum air pressure in order to prevent fired goods from entering the grate bars. No attention was paid to the problem of melting non-ferrous metals and small, specifically heavy steel scrap parts.

Ein Roststab gemäß der EP-A-0 170 803 besteht aus einem Trägerteil und einem davor geflanschten Kopfteil aus thermisch besonders widerstandsfähigem Material. Das Rost erhält für die Oxidation des Brenngutes einen Teil seiner Luft von der Rostunterseite und folgerichtig weist daher das Kopfteil jedes Roststabes eine Luftaustrittsöffnung auf. Im Brennraum herrscht relativ zur Rostunterseite Luftunterdruck. Der Roststab ist mittig aus Stabilitäts- und Luftleitgründen durch eine Rippe geteilt, ansonsten aber unten offen. Der Roststab hat einige Mängel. In der Lücke zwischen Trägerteil und Kopfteil des Roststabes können sich geschmolzene Buntmetalle und kleine Stahlschrottteile festsetzen. Durch die an der Unterseite des Roststabes angeordneten Roststabträger und die besondere Kopfform läßt sich die Roststabreihe gegenüber der benachbarten nicht um das gesamte Versatzmaß bewegen. Die Luftkühlung der Stäbe ist wegen variabler Zuströmquerschnitte aufgrund der Bewegung der Roststäbe nicht konstant.A grate bar according to EP-A-0 170 803 consists of a carrier part and a head part flanged in front of it from thermally particularly resistant material. The grate receives part of its air from the underside of the grate for the oxidation of the material to be burned, and consequently the head part of each grate bar has an air outlet opening. There is negative air pressure in the combustion chamber relative to the bottom of the grate. The grate bar is divided in the middle by a rib for reasons of stability and airflow, but is otherwise open at the bottom. The grate bar has some defects. Molten non-ferrous metals and small pieces of steel scrap can get stuck in the gap between the support part and the head part of the grate bar. Due to the grate bar carrier arranged on the underside of the grate bar and the special head shape, the row of grate bars cannot be moved by the entire offset dimension in relation to the adjacent one. The air cooling of the bars is not constant due to the variable inflow cross sections due to the movement of the grate bars.

Aus der DE-A-33 13 615 sind Roststäbe bekannt, die im Kopfteil eine Luftaustrittsöffnung aufweisen, die einen Luftstrahl austreten lassen, dessen Strahlwinkel sowohl über die Horizontalebene des Rostes hinaus streicht als auch über den Kopf der benachbarten Roststabreihe. Der Roststab ist im übrigen unten offen und läßt daher ebenfalls keine konstante Luftkühlung der Roststäbe zu.From DE-A-33 13 615 grate bars are known which have an air outlet opening in the head part, which let an air jet emerge, the jet angle of which sweeps both beyond the horizontal plane of the grate and over the head of the adjacent row of grate bars. The grate bar is open at the bottom and therefore also does not allow constant air cooling of the grate bars.

Die Oberflächen der Roststäbe sind gestuft ausgeführt und der Hub Jeder Roststabreihe ist auf etwa die Hälfte der freien Roststaboberfläche begrenzt.The surfaces of the grate bars are stepped and the stroke of each grate bar row is limited to approximately half of the free grate bar surface.

Schließlich ist aus der DE-A 38 13 441 ein Roststab bekannt, der doppelstöckig mit zwei Unterluftebenen ausgebildet ist und entsprechend zwei Luftaustrittsebenen an dem verspringenden Kopfteil des Roststabes aufweist. Die vordere Fläche des Roststabes oberhalb der unteren Luftaustrittsebene läßt sich nicht räumen. Derartige Roststäbe lassen sich sinnvoll nur für Schrägroste und nicht für Horizontalroste einsetzen. Dem Problem von schmelzendem Buntmetall wird keinerlei Beachtung geschenkt.Finally, from DE-A 38 13 441 a grate bar is known, which is formed on two levels with two lower air levels and correspondingly has two air outlet levels on the protruding head part of the grate bar. The front surface of the grate bar above the lower air outlet level cannot be cleared. Such grate bars can only be used sensibly for inclined gratings and not for horizontal gratings. No attention is paid to the problem of melting non-ferrous metals.

Der Erfindung liegt von daher das Problem zugrunde, Roststäbe und ein Rost zu schaffen, die sehr widerstandsfähig sind, ungewollte Luftaustritte zwischen den Roststäben verhindern, sowohl im kalten als auch im warmen Zustand eine möglichst dichte Oberfläche haben und gegen Störungen durch Buntmetallfluß oder kleinvolumigen Stahlschrott unanfällig sind, dabei aber ein vollständiges Räumen der Roststabreihen bei größtmöglichem Hub der Roststäbe zulassen.The invention is therefore based on the problem of creating grate bars and a grate that are very resistant, prevent unwanted air leaks between the grate bars, have a surface that is as dense as possible both in the cold and in the warm state and are not susceptible to disturbances caused by non-ferrous metal flow or small-volume steel scrap are, but allow a complete clearing of the grate bar rows with the greatest possible stroke of the grate bars.

Die Erfindung wird durch die Ansprüche 1 und 8 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The invention is solved by claims 1 and 8. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Der erfindungsgemäße Roststab für Verbrennungsöfen, insbesondere für Müllverbrennungsanlagen, weist vordere Luftaustrittsöffnungen für Unterluft auf, hat einen hohlkastenartigen trapezförmigen Querschnitt in der Längs- und Querachse und eine Luftzufuhröffnung für Unterluft an der hinteren Roststabseite. Zusätzlich kann der Roststab in Längsrichtung eine oder mehrere, die Hohlkastenform innen teilende, Rippen aufweisen. Weiterhin kann der Roststab ein unter der Oberfläche, auf der das Brenngut liegt, anbringbares Vorderteil aufweisen, das bei Verschleiß auswechselbar ist.The grate bar according to the invention for incinerators, in particular for waste incineration plants, has front air outlet openings for under air and has one hollow box-like trapezoidal cross-section in the longitudinal and transverse axes and an air supply opening for under air on the rear grate bar side. In addition, the grate bar can have one or more ribs in the longitudinal direction, dividing the hollow box shape on the inside. Furthermore, the grate bar can have a front part which can be attached below the surface on which the firing material lies and which can be replaced when worn.

Der große Vorteil dieses Roststabes liegt in der sich durch die Abschrägung am vorderen und hinteren Ende des Roststabes ergebenden Trapezform (Längsschnitt durch den Stab). Der Antriebspunkt kann an der Unterseite des Stabes, etwa gegenüber dem Ende der Oberfläche des Stabes, angeordnet werden und die Unterkante des Vorderteiles des Stabes liegt gerade noch auf der Oberfläche des vorhergehenden Roststabes auf. Diese Anordnung ermöglicht es, dem Stab einen großen Hub zu verleihen, der bei mehr als zwei Drittel seiner Gesamtlänge liegt. Trotzdem kann die auf der vorhergehenden Roststabreihe aufliegende Spitze des Kopfteiles den vor ihr liegenden Roststab komplett von Brenngut räumen. Bei der Rückbewegung des Roststabes wird dessen Oberfläche von dem darüberliegenden Roststab geräumt. Durch den großen Hub ergibt sich zudem eine Verbesserung des Brenngutvorschubes und gleichzeitig eine Verringerung des Reibverschleißes der Roststäbe.
Die Oxidation des Brenngutes und die Umwälzung des Brenngutes wird durch die, gegenüber der horizontalen Konstruktionsebene des Rostes nach unten gerichtete, Luftaustrittsdüse und einen entsprechend gerichteten Luftstrom unterstützt. Auch bei abgestellter oder reduzierter Unterluftströmung ist daher ein Eindringen von Brenngut wie flüssigem Buntmetall oder ähnliches in die Düse aufgrund ihrer Anordnung etwa in Mitte der Vorderfront des Roststabes unmöglich. Die Luftzufuhr von der Rückseite des Roststabes wird komplett in eine durch die Hohlkastenform und die Innenrippen des Roststabes zwangsweise gerichtete Luftströmung zum Kopfteil des Roststabes geleitet. Damit ist der Roststab optimal gekühlt, zumal die Zuström- und Abströmquerschnitte für die Unterluft im Roststab konstant bleiben.The great advantage of this grate bar lies in the trapezoidal shape resulting from the bevel at the front and rear end of the grate bar (longitudinal section through the bar). The drive point can be arranged on the underside of the bar, approximately opposite the end of the surface of the bar, and the lower edge of the front part of the bar just lies on the surface of the preceding grate bar. This arrangement allows the rod to have a large stroke that is more than two thirds of its total length. Nevertheless, the tip of the head section resting on the previous row of grate bars can completely clear the grate bar in front of it. When the grate bar moves back, its surface is cleared of the grate bar located above. The large stroke also results in an improvement in the feed rate and at the same time a reduction in the wear of the grate bars.
The oxidation of the firing material and the circulation of the firing material is supported by the air outlet nozzle, which is directed downwards relative to the horizontal construction level of the grate, and a correspondingly directed air flow. Even when parked or Reduced under-air flow makes it impossible for fired goods such as liquid non-ferrous metal or the like to penetrate the nozzle due to their arrangement approximately in the middle of the front of the grate bar. The air supply from the rear of the grate bar is completely directed into an air flow which is forcibly directed through the hollow box shape and the inner ribs of the grate bar to the head part of the grate bar. The grate bar is thus optimally cooled, especially since the inflow and outflow cross sections for the under air in the grate bar remain constant.

Aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen bzw. aus Gewichtsgründen zur Erleichterung des Einbaus der schweren Roststäbe können diese aus doppel-T-förmigen oder U-förmigen, gegossenen Profilen zu einem hohlkastenartigen Roststab zusammengesetzt werden.For manufacturing reasons or for reasons of weight to facilitate the installation of the heavy grate bars, these can be assembled from double-T-shaped or U-shaped, cast profiles to form a hollow box-type grate bar.

Auch in Querrichtung hat der erfindungsgemäße Roststab einen trapezförmigen Querschnitt, wobei die Oberfläche oder Deckfläche des Roststabes auf der das Brenngut aufliegt, schmaler ist als die untere Fläche des hohlkastenartigen Roststabes. Dies ist die Beschreibung des Roststabes in kaltem Zustand. Bei Betriebstemperatur dehnt sich der Roststab auf der von dem Brenngut erwärmten Oberseite stärker aus als die Unterseite des Roststabes, die durch die Unterluft eine stärkere Kühlung erhält. Diese Ausbildung des Roststabes führt dazu, daß im Betriebszustand bei Ofen-Betriebstemperatur die Seitenflächen benachbarter Roststäbe parallel zueinander liegen. Somit ist eine erste Voraussetzung für eine Dichtigkeit der Fugen zwischen benachbarten Roststäben gegeben.The grate bar according to the invention also has a trapezoidal cross section in the transverse direction, the surface or top surface of the grate bar on which the firing material rests is narrower than the lower surface of the hollow box-type grate bar. This is the description of the grate bar when it is cold. At operating temperature, the grate rod on the upper side heated by the firing material expands more than the underside of the grate rod, which is cooled more strongly by the under air. This design of the grate bar means that the side surfaces of adjacent grate bars are parallel to one another in the operating state at furnace operating temperature. Thus, a first prerequisite for tightness of the joints between adjacent grate bars is given.

Unter Berücksichtigung, daß die Kopfseite des Roststabes im Betriebszustand heißer ist als die Rückseite des Roststabes wird auch das Kopfteil des kalten Roststabes entsprechend schmaler gefertigt als die hintere Seite des Roststabes. Somit ergibt sich ein sowohl im kalten als auch im heißen Zustand dichtes Rost.Taking into account that the head side of the grate bar is hotter than the back of the grate bar in the operating state, the head part of the cold grate bar is also made correspondingly narrower than the rear side of the grate bar. This results in rust that is dense both when cold and when hot.

Um zu verhindern, daß während des Betriebes, die Roststäbe in vertikaler Richtung aufsteigen, zum Beispiel durch Unterwandern des Brenngutes zwischen zwei Roststabreihen, wird dem Roststabträger eine bogenartige Form verliehen, so daß sich die Rostoberfläche als Wannenlage ergibt, die im Betriebszustand erhalten bleibt.
Die Möglichkeit, den Roststabträger gebogen auszubilden, ergibt sich erst durch die erfindungsgemäße trapezförmige Ausgestaltung des Roststabes in seiner Querrichtung und die Verjüngung des Roststabes in Richtung des Kopfteiles des Roststabes.
Falls im Betriebszustand die Rostoberfläche eben sein soll, wird die Bogenhöhe des Roststabträgers entsprechend geringer gewählt.In order to prevent the grate bars from rising in the vertical direction during operation, for example by infiltrating the material to be burned between two rows of grate bars, the grate bar support is given an arcuate shape, so that the grate surface results as a trough layer which is retained in the operating state.
The possibility of making the grate bar support curved arises only through the trapezoidal design of the grate bar in its transverse direction and the tapering of the grate bar in the direction of the head part of the grate bar.
If the grate surface is to be flat in the operating state, the arc height of the grate bar support is chosen to be correspondingly lower.

Wichtig ist, daß die komplette räumbare Roststaboberfläche möglichst eben ist, damit kein Brenngut in einer Nische verbleiben kann, wenn entsprechend dem zuvor beschriebenen maximalen Hub eines Roststabes die vorhergehende Roststabreihe komplett von Brenngut befreit werden soll.
Um auch zerschmelzendem Buntmetall und kleinstückigem Stahlschrott keine Ablagerung in Nischen auf der Rostoberfläche zu ermöglichen, wird das auswechselbare Kopfteil des Roststabes formschlüssig unter die Oberfläche des Roststabes gesetzt. Es kann z. B. durch Stifte mit dem oberen Teil des hohlkastenartigen Roststabes verbunden werden. In diesem Falle ist das einsetzbare Kopfteil schmaler als der Roststab ausgebildet, so daß sich zwischen benachbarten Roststäben eine Luftaustrittsdüse ergibt. Alternativ können mehrere Kopfteile einem Roststab zugeordnet werden, die dann ebenfalls zwischen sich eine als Rücksprünge ausgeformte gemeinsame Luftdüse bilden.It is important that the complete grate bar surface is as flat as possible so that no items to be burned can remain in a niche if the previous row of grate bars is to be completely freed of items to be burned in accordance with the maximum stroke of a grate bar described above.
In order to avoid melting non-ferrous metal and small pieces of steel scrap, there are no deposits in niches on the To enable the grate surface, the interchangeable head part of the grate bar is positively placed under the surface of the grate bar. It can e.g. B. connected by pins to the upper part of the hollow box-like grate bar. In this case, the insertable head part is made narrower than the grate bar, so that an air outlet nozzle results between adjacent grate bars. Alternatively, several head parts can be assigned to a grate bar, which then likewise form a common air nozzle formed as recesses between them.

Anhand einiger schematischer Zeichnungen von Ausführungsbeispielen soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
einen erfindungsgemäßen Roststab in Längsschnitt,
Figur 2
einen weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Roststab in Teillängsschnitt,
Figur 3
eine Luftaustrittsdüse im Querschnitt,
Figur 4
eine Draufsicht auf einen schematisierten Roststab,
Figur 5
eine Vorderansicht einer Roststabreihe in Wannenlage.
The invention will be explained in more detail with the aid of a few schematic drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Figure 1
a grate bar according to the invention in longitudinal section,
Figure 2
another grate bar according to the invention in partial longitudinal section,
Figure 3
an air outlet nozzle in cross section,
Figure 4
a plan view of a schematic grate bar,
Figure 5
a front view of a row of grate bars in tub position.

Der schematisierte Roststab gemäß Figur 1 zeigt eine Oberfläche 1 auf der Brenngut liegt und eine Unterseite 2, die zumindest teilweise auf der vor ihr angeordneten Roststabreihe mit einer nicht dargestellten Oberfläche aufliegt. Eine Mittelrippe 4 teilt den Roststab in Längsrichtung in zwei Kammern, die jeweils von der offenen Hinterseite 3 des Roststabes mit Luft beaufschlagt werden können, die als Unterluft dem Verbrennungsrost zugeführt wird. Die Luft strömt durch den Hohlkasten und tritt an der Schlitzdüse 6 aus. Diese Düse 6 an der Vorderseite des Roststabes liegt oberhalb der Vorderkante 7 des Roststabes, die bei jedem Hub Brenngut von der vor ihr liegenden Roststabreihe schiebt und somit sowohl den Vorschub des Brenngutes besorgt als auch eine zusätzliche Schürwirkung im Brenngut erzeugt. Die eingezeichnete konstruktive horizontale Ebene H des Rostes zeigt, daß der Luftstrom um einen Winkel alpha von der horizontalen Ebene weg in das Brenngut gerichtet ist. Versuche haben ergeben, daß eine derartige Richtung des Luftstromes zu optimalen Verbrennungsergebnissen führt.The schematic grate bar according to FIG. 1 shows a surface 1 on which the firing material lies and an underside 2 which at least partially rests on the grate bar row arranged in front of it with a surface which is not shown. A central rib 4 divides the grate bar in the longitudinal direction into two chambers, each of which can be acted upon by air from the open rear side 3 of the grate bar, which as the under air Combustion grate is fed. The air flows through the hollow box and exits at the slot nozzle 6. This nozzle 6 on the front of the grate bar lies above the front edge 7 of the grate bar, which pushes firing material from the grate bar row in front of it with each stroke and thus ensures both the advancement of the firing material and an additional stoking effect in the firing material. The constructive horizontal plane H of the grate shows that the air flow is directed into the firing material by an angle alpha away from the horizontal plane. Tests have shown that such a direction of air flow leads to optimal combustion results.

Die Luftzuströmquerschnitte und die Ausströmquerschnitte bleiben stets gleich groß, unabhängig von dem Hub, der von einem nicht dargestellten Roststabträger oder Mitnehmer auf den Roststab am Antriebspunkt 5 übertragen wird.The air inflow cross sections and the outflow cross sections always remain the same size, regardless of the stroke that is transmitted from a grate bar carrier or driver, not shown, to the grate bar at the drive point 5.

In Figur 2 ist der Kopfteil eines anderen Roststabes dargestellt, zwischen dessen Unterfläche 2 und Oberfläche 1 ein auswechselbares Vorderteil 10, das formschlüssig eine Nase 11 an der Oberfläche 1 des Roststabes umgreift und durch einen nicht dargestellten, in Gewindebohrung 8 eingesetzten Gewindestift locker gehalten wird.In Figure 2, the head part of another grate bar is shown, between the lower surface 2 and surface 1, an interchangeable front part 10, which engages positively around a nose 11 on the surface 1 of the grate bar and is loosely held by a threaded pin 8, not shown, inserted in threaded hole 8.

Das eingesetzte Vorderteil 10 und ein paralleles, jenseits der Mittelrippe 4 eingesetztes, nicht dargestelltes Vorderteil bzw. ein Vorderteil des benachbarten Roststabes bilden an der Vorderkante der Roststäbe einen Lufkanal 12 und eine Luftausströmdüse 15, die einen Luftstrom unter dem Winkel alpha wie zuvor beschrieben gegenüber der Horizontalen H des Rostes austreten läßt.
In Figur 3 ist diese Situation als Schnitt III-III gemäß Figur 2 an zwei benachbarten Roststäben 13, 14 dargestellt.The front part 10 used and a parallel front part, not shown, inserted beyond the central rib 4, or a front part of the adjacent grate bar, form an air channel 12 and an air outlet nozzle on the front edge of the grate bars 15, which exits an air stream at the angle alpha as described above with respect to the horizontal H of the grate.
In Figure 3, this situation is shown as section III-III according to Figure 2 on two adjacent grate bars 13, 14.

Figur 4 zeigt schematisch einen Roststab ähnlich Figur 1 in Draufsicht. Mit HU ist die hintere untere Kante des Roststabes bezeichnet mit HO die hintere obere Kante der Oberfläche des Roststabes. Analog dazu sind mit VO die Vorderkante des Roststabes an seiner Oberfläche und mit VU die Vorderkante des Roststabes an seiner unteren Fläche gekennzeichnet. Es ist zu sehen, daß den unterschiedlichen Wärmedehnungen des Roststabes im Betriebszustand dadurch Rechnung getragen wird, daß sowohl die Vorderkanten gegenüber den hinteren Kanten des Roststabes in kaltem Zustand schmaler sind, als auch die Oberfläche des Roststabes gegenüber der unteren Fläche. Die gestrichelte Darstellung zeigt den Roststab im Betriebszustand, bei dem sich die Roststab-Seitenflächen in die Senkrechte und Parallele ausgedehnt haben und nicht mehr trapezförmig (Querrichtung) erscheinen. In dieser Situation wäre die Rostoberfläche eben, d. h. durchgehend ohne Unterbrechungen.
Die Darstellung ist etwas übertrieben. Die tatsächlichen Rücksprungmaße bewegen sich bei einigen Zehntel mm; sie können durch unparalleles Schleifen der Flächen erzeugt werden.Figure 4 shows schematically a grate bar similar to Figure 1 in plan view. With HU the rear lower edge of the grate bar is designated with HO the rear upper edge of the surface of the grate bar. Analogously, VO indicates the front edge of the grate bar on its surface and VU the front edge of the grate bar on its lower surface. It can be seen that the different thermal expansions of the grate bar in the operating state are taken into account in that both the front edges are narrower compared to the rear edges of the grate bar in the cold state, and the surface of the grate bar is smaller than the lower surface. The broken line shows the grate bar in the operating state, in which the grate bar side surfaces have expanded into the vertical and parallel and no longer appear trapezoidal (transverse direction). In this situation the grate surface would be flat, ie without any interruptions.
The presentation is a bit exaggerated. The actual return dimensions are a few tenths of a millimeter; they can be created by grinding the surfaces non-parallel.

Soll die Wannenlage der Rostoberfläche (Fig. 5) im Betriebszustand erhalten bleiben, wird jeder Roststab 16 derart geformt, daß er auch im heißen Betriebszustand in Querrichtung seine Trapezform beibehält, also die Seitenflächen der Roststäbe in senkrechter Richtung unparallel bleiben und eine ununterbrochene gebogene Ebene der Rostoberfläche entsteht.
Der Roststabträger 17 erhält dann ebenfalls eine Bogenform.If the trough position of the grate surface (FIG. 5) is to be maintained in the operating state, each grate bar 16 is shaped in such a way that it is also hot Operating state maintains its trapezoidal shape in the transverse direction, i.e. the side surfaces of the grate bars remain non-parallel in the vertical direction and an uninterrupted curved plane of the grate surface is created.
The grate bar support 17 then also has an arc shape.

Claims (10)

  1. Grating bar for combustion furnaces, more especially of refuse incinerators, having air inlet and air outlet apertures for secondary air, characterised in that the grating bar has a hollow box-like cross-section and a trapezoidal configuration, when viewed with respect to its longitudinal section and cross-section, and is provided with a front air outlet aperture in the form of a nozzle (6, 15).
  2. Grating bar according to claim 1, characterised by an open air inlet aperture (3) for secondary air at the rear end of the grating bar.
  3. Grating bar according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by a continuous surface (1) for material for combustion at the upper end of the grating bar.
  4. Grating bar according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised by internal ribs (4), which divide the grating bar in the longitudinal direction.
  5. Grating bar according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the surface (1) for material for combustion on the grating bar and the lower surface (2) of the grating bar have trapezoidal configurations.
  6. Grating bar according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised by a front portion (10) of the grating bar, which portion can be brought beneath the surface (1) for material for combustion.
  7. Grating bar according to claim 1, characterised in that its hollow box-like configuration is formed by the joining together of two or more bars, which have a double-T-shaped or U-shaped cross-section.
  8. Grating for combustion furnaces, more especially of refuse incinerators, having rows of grating bars which lie above one another in a roof tile-like manner, according to one of claims 1 to 7, which bars have, per row, at least one grating bar carrier (17) and have, at least at every second row, a drive means for the grating bar carrier (17), characterised in that front air outlet apertures (6, 15) of the grating bars (13, 14, 16) are provided in nozzle form such that a flow of air is orientatable downwardly at an angle (alpha) from the horizontal (H).
  9. Grating according to claim 8, characterised in that the grating bar carriers (17) have such an arcuate configuration in the vertical direction away from the lower surface (2) of the grating bar that a trough-shaped grating surface is produced.
  10. Grating according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterised in that, with alternate rows of displaceable and stationary grating bars, the displaceable grating bars have a variable magnitude of lifting movement, the maximum magnitude corresponding to the offset arrangement between adjacent rows of grating bars.
EP92102124A 1991-02-18 1992-02-08 Grate bar and grate for combustion plants Expired - Lifetime EP0499912B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4105330A DE4105330C1 (en) 1991-02-18 1991-02-18
DE4105330 1991-02-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0499912A2 EP0499912A2 (en) 1992-08-26
EP0499912A3 EP0499912A3 (en) 1993-01-07
EP0499912B1 true EP0499912B1 (en) 1994-10-26

Family

ID=6425508

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92102124A Expired - Lifetime EP0499912B1 (en) 1991-02-18 1992-02-08 Grate bar and grate for combustion plants

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5245983A (en)
EP (1) EP0499912B1 (en)
KR (1) KR100200404B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4105330C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2065078T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4400992C1 (en) * 1994-01-14 1995-05-11 Noell Abfall & Energietech Grate bar and grate with cooling device
US5575642A (en) * 1995-12-01 1996-11-19 The Carondelet Corporation Grate plate
DE19622423C1 (en) * 1996-06-04 1997-07-10 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Element for grille in heating systems
EP0987494A1 (en) * 1998-09-15 2000-03-22 Asea Brown Boveri AG Process for cooling a grate of a furnace and grate of a furnace
DE19851471A1 (en) * 1998-11-09 2000-05-11 Mitteldeutsche Feuerungs Und U Feed grate cover for combustion furnace has narrow S-shaped gaps to allow very little material to fall through and uses stair-step-type bars in close contact
BR7900232U (en) * 1999-02-03 2000-09-05 Vale Do Rio Doce Co Grid bar improvement for pelletizing and sintering furnaces
TW457354B (en) * 1999-08-20 2001-10-01 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Plant and grate block for the thermal treatment of waste materials
US6244195B1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2001-06-12 Dae Youn Yang Safety incinerator for rubbish in volume and flammable waste
DE10113516A1 (en) * 2001-03-20 2002-09-26 Bmh Claudius Peters Gmbh Cooling a pourable material, eg cement clinker, on an advancing grid, comprises passing a gas stream through the grid and the material
DE10163670A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-07-03 Bbp Environment Gmbh Grate bar for moving grate firing
US6981455B2 (en) * 2002-03-08 2006-01-03 Lefcort Malcolm D Two-stage wet waste gasifier and burner
DE102004032291B4 (en) * 2004-07-03 2006-07-13 Lurgi Lentjes Ag grate plate
DE102004034322B4 (en) * 2004-07-15 2006-09-28 Lurgi Lentjes Ag grate plate
WO2008072214A2 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Osman Yesilyurt A boiler comprising solid waste burning unit consisting of sliding hearings with tubular system water conduits
DE102014015916A1 (en) 2014-10-29 2016-05-04 Steinmüller Babcock Environment Gmbh Grate bar and grate for a grate firing
JP6734302B2 (en) * 2015-06-12 2020-08-05 ヒタチ ゾウセン イノバ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト Grate block for combustion grate
US10309648B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2019-06-04 General Electric Company System and method for active cooling of a grate bar for an incinerator of a waste-to-energy plant
CN108332218B (en) * 2018-03-15 2023-09-22 重庆科技学院 Transversely arranged gear twisting fire bar set

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2745364A (en) * 1948-10-01 1956-05-15 Martin Johannes Josef Combustion air supply through grates and grate construction
CH463678A (en) * 1967-06-02 1968-10-15 Johannes Josef Martin Grate for large furnaces with air-cooled grate bars
CH669447A5 (en) * 1982-05-13 1989-03-15 Von Roll Ag
CH663266A5 (en) * 1984-07-05 1987-11-30 Kuepat Ag ROD ROD FOR COMBUSTION OVENS.
DE3521266A1 (en) * 1985-06-13 1986-12-18 Walter Josef Dipl.-Ing. 8000 München Martin GRATE ROD FOR A FIRING GRATE OF A LARGE BURNER AND BURNING GRATE FOR THIS LARGE BURNER
DE8517925U1 (en) * 1985-06-20 1986-10-16 Hoval Interliz Ag, Vaduz-Neugut Moving grate for combustion chambers for burning solid or pasty fuels
DE3813441A1 (en) * 1987-04-25 1988-11-03 Mrklas Louis Grating bar element for a thrust grating furnace for refuse incineration
ATE60832T1 (en) * 1987-04-25 1991-02-15 Mrklas Louis GRANT FIRING FOR WASTE INCINERATION.
DE3725585C1 (en) * 1987-08-01 1988-10-06 Evt Energie- Und Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De Non-clogging incinerator grate - has grate bars shaped so that cooling air channels are formed between them
DE3926125C1 (en) * 1989-08-08 1990-08-30 Evt Energie- Und Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De Incinerator air cooled grate with transverse supports - has several grate bars bolted into groups, clad by wear-resistant plates on top and bottom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR920016773A (en) 1992-09-25
US5245983A (en) 1993-09-21
ES2065078T3 (en) 1995-02-01
DE59200668D1 (en) 1994-12-01
EP0499912A2 (en) 1992-08-26
KR100200404B1 (en) 1999-06-15
DE4105330C1 (en) 1992-08-06
EP0499912A3 (en) 1993-01-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0499912B1 (en) Grate bar and grate for combustion plants
EP0811818B2 (en) Grate plate and its fabrication process
EP1617143B1 (en) Grate bar with corresponding grate and incinerator
DD232539B5 (en) Rostbodenelement to build a Rostflaeche
EP0954722B1 (en) Water-cooled firing grate
DE19622424A1 (en) Grate element and grate with liquid cooling
EP0165432B1 (en) Furnace, especially for the combustion of refuse, coal, wood and industrial waste
EP1612483B1 (en) Grate bar, combustion grate using the same and corresponding waste material incineration plant
EP0811804A2 (en) Grate element and grate for incinerators
DE19881971B4 (en) Grate bar for combustion grate and method for its cooling
EP2306086B1 (en) Grate bar
DE19613507C1 (en) Grate plate, particularly for feed grate for refuse incineration plant
EP2184540B1 (en) Air-cooled grate block
EP0825383B1 (en) Grate plate
DE3813441C2 (en)
DE19537904A1 (en) Heat-exchanger grid plate
EP1134495B1 (en) Central beam cooled with a fluid for combustion grate
EP1191282A1 (en) Cooled grate bar
DE19860553C2 (en) Liquid-cooled combustion grate
EP1300631A2 (en) Combustion apparatus
EP3994392B1 (en) Grate block for a combustion grate
EP3870898A1 (en) Grate bar for stepped grate
EP0606551B1 (en) Roller grate for a combustion boiler
EP3168534B1 (en) Grate bar, grate, and incinerator
DD280313A1 (en) GLASS MELTING UNIT WITH RECUPERATIVE AIR PREVENTION

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: NOELL ABFALL- UND ENERGIETECHNIK GMBH

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19930130

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19940304

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59200668

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19941201

ET Fr: translation filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2065078

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19950120

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20000221

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20010111

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20010117

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20010118

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20010122

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20010129

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20010207

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20011201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020208

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020209

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020209

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020228

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020901

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 92102124.2

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20020208

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021031

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20020901

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20030922

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050208