EP3023694B1 - Grate bar and grate for a grate furnace - Google Patents
Grate bar and grate for a grate furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3023694B1 EP3023694B1 EP15003079.9A EP15003079A EP3023694B1 EP 3023694 B1 EP3023694 B1 EP 3023694B1 EP 15003079 A EP15003079 A EP 15003079A EP 3023694 B1 EP3023694 B1 EP 3023694B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grate
- grate bar
- bar
- bars
- primary air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
- F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
- F23H3/04—Grates with hollow bars externally cooled, e.g. with water, steam or air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
- F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
Definitions
- the invention relates to a grate bar according to the preamble of the first claim and a grate for a grate firing.
- the invention is applicable everywhere where grate bars and a grate are used for a grate firing and cooling of the grate bars in their front area by means of primary air.
- the combustion air which is blown as so-called primary air through the combustion grate into the fuel bed resting thereon.
- the cooling effect by the primary air flow is determined by the gap size between the grate bars or by defined outlet openings and the flow resistance of the primary air through the fuel bed at this point. If the primary air flow z. B. laid by liquid slags that obstruct the gap or clog the outlet openings, the affected grate bar is practically not cooled.
- the grate bar on the bottom can be provided with cooling fins, which are blown by the primary air.
- a grate bar with a hollow box-like cross-section known. Between the top and the bottom of this grate bar two chambers are formed by a central rib, which are acted upon from the rear side with air. The air exits through the passage of the chambers through a slot nozzle at the front of the grate bar in the combustion chamber. In this type of cooling there is a risk of blockage of the slot nozzle, so that the air does not escape from the grate bar and therefore can not cool it. Furthermore, the exit of the warmed air through the nozzle-like opening in the front wall a burning effect with increased fuel turnover and temperature increases, thus accelerating a local destruction of the grate bar.
- a cooled grate bar is known, on the underside of which a meandering, air-flowed coil is attached to an unspecified manner. After flowing through the coil, the air exits the grate bar on its underside by laterally arranged outlet openings. Inadequate attachment of the coil, the heat transfer from the grate bar in the cooling air through the coil is significantly affected.
- the meandered pipe coil basically leads to an asymmetric temperature distribution in the grate bar. The result is a distortion of the grate bar with an undesirable gap formation between adjacent grate bars.
- DE 101 63 670 A1 describes a grate bar for a grate firing, which has a U-shaped profile with a back and side flanks and is provided on its underside with a channeled air through duct system having an outlet for the air in the front region of the grate bar on the underside of the grate bar , The cooling air is supplied to the grate bar via the grate bar, which represents a complicated solution.
- the US Pat. No. 4,719,900 describes a grate bar for a grate firing having a U-shaped profile with a back and side surfaces and is air cooled.
- a grate bar for a grate firing having a U-shaped profile with a back and side surfaces and is air cooled.
- an open channel is arranged in the front area of the grate bar.
- the grate bar has on its back in the front region of a survey in the transverse to the longitudinal axis of a collection channel is arranged escapes from the air in the bulk material on the grate. Cooling of the adjacent grate bar does not take place.
- the EP 0 103 202 describes a grate bar for a grate firing, which has a U-shaped profile and a back and side surfaces and is air-cooled.
- the grate bar has down a cover plate, open channels and an air outlet opening in the front region of the side surfaces.
- the side surfaces are arranged offset in the region of the air outlet openings.
- a closed channel to a transverse to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar arranged collecting channel is not present.
- the problem may be the clogging of the air outlet opening between the grates by the Rost trimfall.
- the EP 2 184 540 A1 relates to an air-cooled grate bar of a grate for the thermal treatment of waste in which the grate blocks are arranged in a staircase one above the other.
- the grate block for a sliding grate firing has a U-shaped profile with a straight, flat back and an end face, wherein in a front region of the grate bar at least one closed channel for primary air is arranged, which runs substantially parallel to the end face and a lower opening for having the entry of primary air.
- the upper opening directs the jet of air from the grate bar on the next grate bar, so that a high thermal load on the surface thereof.
- a side surface on the grate bar, which separates this from the next grate bar, is not present.
- each adjacent grate bars are open to each other. A separation of these is best done by ribs, which are arranged under the grate bars. The channels always run along the grate bar and are connected by no collecting channel transverse to the grate bar. A transverse to the grate bar collecting channel, with which the side surface of the next grate bar is cooled, is not present. The entire air of the collecting ducts blows through the outlet opening in the front part of the grate bar.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to develop a grate with grate bar, in which initially the undirected coming from the hopper primary air flow in terms of optimized cooling on the grate bar base is directed into the particularly highly loaded front portion of the grate bar and then the following derivative of heated primary air into the combustion bed so that the unwanted burner effect is avoided on the top of the grate bar.
- the primary air should be supplied so that there is no clogging of the opening in the side surface of the grate bar.
- the solution according to the invention provides a grate with grate bars for a sliding grate firing in which a plurality of grate bar rows of grate juxtaposed grate bars form the grate surface.
- a row of grate bars is each mounted on a grate bar support and is supported at the front roof tile on the following grate bar row.
- At every second grate bar carrier engages, not shown, drive, by which the relevant grate bar row is moved back and forth.
- the primary air supplied below the grate lining cools the grate bars and passes essentially through gaps between the individual grate bars in the fuel layer (fuel bed).
- the entire grate covering can consist of grate bars according to the invention which have at least one closed or generally enclosed channel for the primary air in their front area.
- the grate bars according to the invention are used at least on the thermally highly loaded zones of the grate, d. H. together with conventional grate bars.
- the grate bars have a flat back without superstructures on which the firing board is located.
- the side surfaces of the grate bars are approximately parallel to each other over their entire length.
- closed channels it is advantageous to arrange several, for example six, such closed channels in the grate bar. How many grate cooling channels are to be arranged depends on the width of the grate. Especially wide grate bars can also have more closed channels.
- the closed channel may have different cross-sectional shapes such as a quadrangular, square, round or oval shape.
- a square shape is advantageously advantageous.
- the channels for primary air or the grate bar cooling channels have a lower opening for the entry of the primary air and an upper opening for the exit of the primary air.
- the upper openings open into a collecting channel, which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar and ends in the approximately parallel side surfaces of the grate bar.
- the collecting channel and its opening in the side surface of the grate bar may take the form of a long hole, an oval or a have square or rectangular cross-sectional shape, the shape of a slot is particularly suitable.
- the warmed in the closed channels air is released through the collection channel at low speed in the two slots between the individual grate bars, which additional local temperature increases caused by the burning effect can be avoided.
- the cross-sections and lengths of the grate bar cooling channels and the collecting channel are dimensioned by the skilled person so that - taking into account the marginal gaps between the grate bars as an alternative way - sufficient for the cooling effect flow through the cooling channels is achieved.
- the skilled person preferably uses calculation programs for numerical flow simulation.
- the collecting channel is arranged in the grate bar so that it is in the normally occurring material stress by bending in the static little loaded neutral fiber, i. in the transition range from tensile to compressive stress. This avoids a weakening of the mechanical resistance of the rod.
- cooling fins it is also advantageous to arrange on the underside of the grate bar cooling fins, and it is advantageous to arrange, for example, two cooling fins on the underside of the grate bar.
- two cooling fins can be arranged with narrow grate bars less and with wide grate bars more cooling fins.
- the slot has a ratio between length to diameter between 3 to 7 to 1, preferably between 5 to 1. Other conditions should not be excluded.
- This dimensioning has in connection with the closed channel in the grate bar for the required flow rate of the primary air as proven particularly advantageous, both in terms of good cooling of the adjacent grate bar as well as in view of the fact that a clogging of the opening is avoided by kiln.
- the so-called primary air flows from a main air line, which is located in a funnel under the combustion grate, from below into the grate bars of the combustion grate and through their cooling channels enclosed on all sides in the front region of Rust bar and cool this.
- the primary air After the primary air has flowed through the closed channel (s) or into the collecting channel, it leaves the collecting channel laterally at the gap, which is formed by the side walls of two adjacent grate bars.
- the collecting channels of two adjacent grate bars can be arranged offset from one another, so that the side wall of the respective other grate bar is cooled by the primary air of a collecting channel. If the collecting channels of the grate bars arranged offset from one another, the opening of the collecting channel does not hit the opening of the respective opposite collecting channel, but on the side wall of the grate bar to be cooled. In order to achieve this, the channels to the collection channels are each of different lengths. It can also be arranged on adjacent grate bars different forms of collection channels and their openings.
- the grate bar according to the invention is particularly suitable for being used at thermally highly stressed points of a grate without there being a blockage of the opening of the collecting channel.
- the grate bar according to the invention is arranged on the grate next to a conventional grate bar, which should be the case in thermally highly loaded zones of the grate, there is intensive cooling of the side surfaces of the adjacent grate bar.
- cooling channels are in turn provided with cooling fins, there is an improved cooling in particular at the thermally highly stressed points of the grate bar.
- the solution according to the invention has the advantage that the primary air flow coming undirected from the funnel is directed as directed flow in the sense of optimal cooling on the grate underside in the particularly highly loaded area of the grate bar and the grate and then the subsequent discharge of the heated primary air into the combustion bed This is done so that unwanted burning effects on the top of the grate bar and blockages of the opening of the collecting channel can be avoided.
- the grate bar and the grate according to the invention also have improved compared to other grate bars and rust emergency running in the event that the thermally most heavily loaded end faces of the grate bar were completely removed during operation and at this point a short circuit between Funnel and fuel bed is created.
- the cooling channels which are initially enclosed on all sides are then opened to the fuel bed, the remaining walls of the cooling channels form a remaining residue seal between the funnel and the fuel bed, so that only a small part of the primary air flows through these openings.
- the FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a section of a grate firing in partial section from the side.
- the considered sliding grate is used for the combustion of fuel, such as garbage, which is applied as a fuel layer on the combustion grate.
- the grate 3 consists of grate bars 4, which are arranged in rows of grate bars and rest on one side on the grate bar 5 and on the other side on the respective subsequent grate bar 4.
- Each second grate bar is moved by a, not shown, drive back and forth so that the fuel layer is moved from the fuel task to the slag discharge.
- the grate bars 4 of each row are roof tiles superimposed.
- the grate bar 4 according to the invention and the grate 3 according to the invention are constructed in the same way as that of FIG FIG. 2 shown detail.
- the detail B ( FIG. 2 ) shows a section BB of FIG. 5 by the grate bar 4 according to the invention.
- the grate bars 4 in FIG. 2 have a U-shaped profile with an approximately flat, straight back 1 and side surfaces 2 and are mounted with one end on the grate bar 5. Every second grate bar carrier 5 performs a movement 18 with respect to a non-moving grate bar carrier 5, whereby the kiln is moved over the grate 3.
- These cooling channels 6 have a lower opening 10 through which the primary air 7 flows, and an upper opening 11 through which the primary air 7 flows into a collecting channel 12 and through this collecting channel 12, which is arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar 4, the Rust bar 4 leaves again laterally.
- the channels or cooling channels 6 and the collecting channel 12 thus conduct the air from the lower opening 10 to the two openings of the collecting channel 12 in the respective side surface 2 of the grate bar 4. It is important that the straight collecting channel 12 immediately below the back 1 of Grate bar 4 extends and the openings in the side surface 2 are also located directly below the back 1.
- the collecting channel 12 which has an oval shape, is formed on the one hand by the underside of the back 1 of the grate bar 4 and a lower boundary, which forms a channel with an oval cross-section with the lower side of the back 1.
- the path 15 of the primary air 7 under the grate 3 and through the grate bars 4 is the FIG. 2 can be seen, with the way 16a the Primary air on the one hand in the middle part of the grate bar 4 passes through the slot, form the two grate bars, and the path 16b of the primary air on the other hand through the front part of the grate bar 4 just above the channels 6 and the collecting channel 12 leads.
- the collecting channel 12 terminates in the side surface 2 of the grate bar 4 and has the shape of a slot. For better cooling effect of the primary air 7 4 four cooling fins 9 are arranged on the underside of the grate bar.
- FIG. 3 shows the detail A of FIG. 2 .
- the sections CC, DD and EE of FIG. 3 are each the FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 refer to.
- FIG. 4 shows the transverse to the grate bar 4 collecting channel 12, under which there are two cooling fins 9 and above which the back 1 of the grate bar 4 is located.
- the collecting channel 12 opens on both sides in the side surface 2 of the grate bar 4 directly under the back 1 of the pipe bar. 4
- FIG. 5 that the section DD of FIG. 3 shows three walls 17 between six channels 6 and two cooling fins 9 and the view of the section BB.
- FIG. 6 shows six square channels 6, which extend parallel to the end face 8 of the grate bar 4, wherein two cooling fins 9 are arranged between two side walls with side surfaces 2 of the grate bar 4.
- the cooling fins 9 act in addition to cooling as static elements with which the mechanical strength of the grate bar 4 is increased.
- FIG. 7 shows a section through the upper opening 11 of the channels 6 with the intermediate walls 17, the collecting channel 12 and the cooling fins 9 and the side surfaces 2.
- the coming of the upper openings 11 primary air 16b leaves the grate bar 4 through the side openings of the collecting channel 12 and thus cools the side surface 2 of the nearest grate bar.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Roststab nach dem Oberbegriff des ersten Patentanspruches und einen Rost für eine Schubrostfeuerung.The invention relates to a grate bar according to the preamble of the first claim and a grate for a grate firing.
Die Erfindung ist überall dort anwendbar, wo Roststäbe und ein Rost für eine Schubrostfeuerung eingesetzt werden und eine Kühlung der Roststäbe in ihrem vorderen Bereich mittels Primärluft erfolgt.The invention is applicable everywhere where grate bars and a grate are used for a grate firing and cooling of the grate bars in their front area by means of primary air.
Zur Kühlung der Roststäbe von Verbrennungsrosten einer Schubrostfeuerung dient die Verbrennungsluft, die als sogenannte Primärluft durch den Verbrennungsrost in das darauf ruhende Brennstoffbett geblasen wird. Der Kühleffekt durch den Primärluftstrom wird bestimmt durch die Spaltgröße zwischen den Roststäben oder durch definierte Austrittsöffnungen und den Strömungswiderstand der Primärluft durch das Brennstoffbett an dieser Stelle. Wird der Primärluftstrom z. B. durch flüssige Schlacken verlegt, die den Spalt versperren oder die Austrittsöffnungen verstopfen, so wird der betroffene Roststab praktisch nicht gekühlt.To cool the grate bars of combustion grates of a sliding grate firing is the combustion air, which is blown as so-called primary air through the combustion grate into the fuel bed resting thereon. The cooling effect by the primary air flow is determined by the gap size between the grate bars or by defined outlet openings and the flow resistance of the primary air through the fuel bed at this point. If the primary air flow z. B. laid by liquid slags that obstruct the gap or clog the outlet openings, the affected grate bar is practically not cooled.
Um die Kühlung des Roststabes durch die Primärluft zu verbessern, kann der Roststab auf der Unterseite mit Kühlrippen versehen werden, die von der Primärluft angeblasen werden.In order to improve the cooling of the grate bar by the primary air, the grate bar on the bottom can be provided with cooling fins, which are blown by the primary air.
Aus der
Weiterhin ist aus der
Eine ähnlich komplizierte Lösung ist in
Die
Die
Die
Die nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen sehen entweder eine aufwendige Kühlung des Roststabes vor, bei der der gesamte Roststab gekühlt wird, oder der Austritt der angewärmten Luft aus dem Roststab erfolgt in Form von Düsen oder Schlitzen, über welche die angewärmte Luft direkt auf die Brennschicht geleitet wird. Die dabei auftretenden hohen Austrittsgeschwindigkeiten bewirken jedoch wie ein Brenner lokale überhöhte Brennstoffumsätze und Temperaturerhöhungen. Dieser "Brennereffekt" bewirkt dann eine lokale Zerstörung des Roststabes.The solutions known from the prior art provide either an expensive cooling of the grate bar, in which the entire grate bar is cooled, or the outlet of the warmed air from the grate bar in the form of nozzles or slots through which the warmed air directly to the Burning layer is passed. However, the occurring high exit velocities cause like a burner local excessive fuel sales and temperature increases. This "burner effect" then causes a local destruction of the grate bar.
Andere Lösungen sehen zwar Öffnungen in den Seitenflächen des Roststabes vor, diese können aber aufgrund ihrer Bauweise und die Zuführung der Luft verstopfen oder den benachbarten Roststab nur ungenügend kühlen.Although other solutions provide openings in the side surfaces of the grate bar, but these can clog due to their design and the supply of air or cool the adjacent grate bar insufficient.
Der Erfindung liegt damit die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Rost mit Roststab zu entwickeln, bei dem zunächst die ungerichtet aus dem Trichter kommende Primärluftströmung im Sinne einer optimierten Kühlung auf der Roststabunterseite in den besonders hoch belasteten vorderen Bereich des Roststabes gelenkt wird und die dann folgende Ableitung der erwärmten Primärluft in das Brennbett so erfolgt, dass der unerwünschte Brennereffekt an der Roststaboberseite vermieden wird.The invention is therefore based on the object to develop a grate with grate bar, in which initially the undirected coming from the hopper primary air flow in terms of optimized cooling on the grate bar base is directed into the particularly highly loaded front portion of the grate bar and then the following derivative of heated primary air into the combustion bed so that the unwanted burner effect is avoided on the top of the grate bar.
Weiterhin soll die Primärluft so zugeführt werden, dass es nicht zu einer Verstopfung der Öffnung in der Seitenfläche des Roststabes kommt.Furthermore, the primary air should be supplied so that there is no clogging of the opening in the side surface of the grate bar.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Roststab nach den Merkmalen des ersten Patentanspruches und einen Rost nach den Merkmalen des Anspruches 8 gelöst.This object is achieved by a grate bar according to the features of the first claim and a grate according to the features of
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen genannt.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are mentioned in the subclaims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung sieht einen Rost mit Roststäben für eine Schubrostfeuerung vor, bei dem mehrere hintereinander liegende Roststabreihen von nebeneinander angeordneten Roststäben den Rostbelag bilden. Eine Roststabreihe ist jeweils auf einem Roststabträger gelagert und stützt sich vorne dachziegelartig auf der folgenden Roststabreihe ab. An jeden zweiten Roststabträger greift ein, nicht gezeigter, Antrieb an, durch den die betreffende Roststabreihe vor und zurück bewegt wird. Die unterhalb des Rostbelags zugeführte Primärluft kühlt die Roststäbe und gelangt im Wesentlichen durch Spalte zwischen den einzelnen Roststäben in die Brennstoffschicht (Brennbett).The solution according to the invention provides a grate with grate bars for a sliding grate firing in which a plurality of grate bar rows of grate juxtaposed grate bars form the grate surface. A row of grate bars is each mounted on a grate bar support and is supported at the front roof tile on the following grate bar row. At every second grate bar carrier engages, not shown, drive, by which the relevant grate bar row is moved back and forth. The primary air supplied below the grate lining cools the grate bars and passes essentially through gaps between the individual grate bars in the fuel layer (fuel bed).
Grundsätzlich kann der gesamte Rostbelag aus erfindungsgemäßen Roststäben bestehen, die in ihrem vorderen Bereich mindestens einen geschlossenen bzw. einen allseits umschlossenen Kanal für die Primärluft aufweisen. Da jedoch nicht die gesamte Fläche des Rostes thermisch in gleicher Weise belastet ist, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die erfindungsgemäßen Roststäbe zumindest an den thermisch hoch belasteten Zonen des Rostbelages eingesetzt werden, d. h. zusammen mit herkömmlichen Roststäben.In principle, the entire grate covering can consist of grate bars according to the invention which have at least one closed or generally enclosed channel for the primary air in their front area. However, since not the entire surface of the grate is thermally loaded in the same way, it is advantageous if the grate bars according to the invention are used at least on the thermally highly loaded zones of the grate, d. H. together with conventional grate bars.
Die Roststäbe weisen einen ebenen Rücken ohne Aufbauten auf, auf dem sich das Brennbrett befindet. Die Seitenflächen der Roststäbe verlaufen über ihre gesamte Länge in etwa parallel zueinander.The grate bars have a flat back without superstructures on which the firing board is located. The side surfaces of the grate bars are approximately parallel to each other over their entire length.
Vorteilhaft ist es, mehrere, beispielsweise sechs, derartige geschlossene Kanäle im Roststab anzuordnen. Wie viele Roststabkühlkanäle anzuordnen sind, hängt von der Breite des Rostes ab. Besonders breite Roststäbe können auch mehr geschlossene Kanäle aufweisen. Der geschlossene Kanal kann unterschiedliche Querschnittsformen wie eine viereckige, quadratische, runde oder eine ovale Form aufweisen. Vorteilhaft ist eine quadratische Form.It is advantageous to arrange several, for example six, such closed channels in the grate bar. How many grate cooling channels are to be arranged depends on the width of the grate. Especially wide grate bars can also have more closed channels. The closed channel may have different cross-sectional shapes such as a quadrangular, square, round or oval shape. Advantageously, a square shape.
Die Kanäle für Primärluft bzw. die Roststabkühlkanäle weisen eine untere Öffnung für den Eintritt der Primärluft und eine obere Öffnung für den Austritt der Primärluft auf. Die oberen Öffnungen münden in einen Sammelkanal, der sich quer zur Längsachse des Roststabes erstreckt und in den in etwa parallel verlaufenden Seitenflächen des Roststabs endet. Der Sammelkanal und seine Öffnung in der Seitenfläche des Roststabes können die Form eines Langloches, eines Ovals oder eine quadratische oder rechteckige Querschnittsform aufweisen, wobei die Form eines Langloches besonders geeignet ist.The channels for primary air or the grate bar cooling channels have a lower opening for the entry of the primary air and an upper opening for the exit of the primary air. The upper openings open into a collecting channel, which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar and ends in the approximately parallel side surfaces of the grate bar. The collecting channel and its opening in the side surface of the grate bar may take the form of a long hole, an oval or a have square or rectangular cross-sectional shape, the shape of a slot is particularly suitable.
Die in den geschlossenen Kanälen angewärmte Luft wird über den Sammelkanal mit geringer Geschwindigkeit in die beiden Schlitze zwischen den einzelnen Roststäben entlassen, wodurch zusätzliche lokale Temperaturüberhöhungen, die durch den Brenneffekt zustande kommen, vermieden werden.The warmed in the closed channels air is released through the collection channel at low speed in the two slots between the individual grate bars, which additional local temperature increases caused by the burning effect can be avoided.
Die Querschnitte und Längen der Roststabkühlkanäle und des Sammelkanals sind durch den Fachmann so dimensioniert, dass - unter Berücksichtigung der Randspalte zwischen den Roststäben als Alternativ-Weg - eine für die Kühlwirkung hinreichende Durchströmung der Kühlkanäle erreicht wird. Zur Beurteilung der auf den Strömungswegen lokal auftretenden Druckverluste und der sich daraus ergebenden Strömungsverteilungen nutzt der Fachmann vorzugsweise Berechnungsprogramme zur numerischen Strömungssimulation.The cross-sections and lengths of the grate bar cooling channels and the collecting channel are dimensioned by the skilled person so that - taking into account the marginal gaps between the grate bars as an alternative way - sufficient for the cooling effect flow through the cooling channels is achieved. To evaluate the pressure losses occurring locally on the flow paths and the resulting flow distributions, the skilled person preferably uses calculation programs for numerical flow simulation.
Der Sammelkanal ist im Roststab so angeordnet, dass er sich bei der üblicherweise auftretenden Materialbeanspruchung durch Biegung in der statisch wenig belasteten neutralen Faser befindet, d.h. im Übergangsbereich von Zugspannung auf Druckspannung. Damit wird eine Schwächung der mechanischen Roststabfestigkeit vermieden.The collecting channel is arranged in the grate bar so that it is in the normally occurring material stress by bending in the static little loaded neutral fiber, i. in the transition range from tensile to compressive stress. This avoids a weakening of the mechanical resistance of the rod.
Vorteilhaft ist es weiterhin, an der Unterseite des Roststabes Kühlrippen anzuordnen, wobei es vorteilhaft ist, zum Beispiel zwei Kühlrippen auf der Unterseite des Roststabes anzuordnen. Selbstverständlich können bei schmalen Roststäben auch weniger und bei breiten Roststäben mehr Kühlrippen angeordnet sein.It is also advantageous to arrange on the underside of the grate bar cooling fins, and it is advantageous to arrange, for example, two cooling fins on the underside of the grate bar. Of course, can be arranged with narrow grate bars less and with wide grate bars more cooling fins.
Vorteilhaft ist es weiterhin, wenn das Langloch ein Verhältnis zwischen Länge zu Durchmesser zwischen 3 bis 7 zu 1, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 zu 1, aufweist. Andere Verhältnisse sollen dadurch nicht ausgeschlossen sein.It is furthermore advantageous if the slot has a ratio between length to diameter between 3 to 7 to 1, preferably between 5 to 1. Other conditions should not be excluded.
Diese Dimensionierung hat sich im Zusammenhang mit dem geschlossenen Kanal im Roststab für die erforderliche Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Primärluft als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, sowohl in Hinblick auf eine gute Kühlung des benachbarten Roststabes als auch im Hinblick darauf, dass ein Verstopfen der Öffnung durch Brenngut vermieden wird.This dimensioning has in connection with the closed channel in the grate bar for the required flow rate of the primary air as proven particularly advantageous, both in terms of good cooling of the adjacent grate bar as well as in view of the fact that a clogging of the opening is avoided by kiln.
Bei einem Schubrost mit mehreren nebeneinander und hintereinander liegenden luftgekühlten Roststäben der erfindungsgemäßen Art strömt die sogenannte Primärluft aus einer Hauptluftleitung, die sich in einem Trichter unter dem Verbrennungsrost befindet, von unten in die Roststäbe des Verbrennungsrostes und durch deren allseitig umschlossene Kühlkanäle in den vorderen Bereich des Roststabes und kühlt diesen. Nachdem die Primärluft durch den oder die geschlossenen Kanäle oder in den Sammelkanal geströmt ist, verlässt sie den Sammelkanal seitlich am Spalt, der durch die Seitenwände von jeweils zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Roststäben gebildet wird.In a sliding grate with a plurality of juxtaposed and successive air-cooled grate bars of the type according to the invention, the so-called primary air flows from a main air line, which is located in a funnel under the combustion grate, from below into the grate bars of the combustion grate and through their cooling channels enclosed on all sides in the front region of Rust bar and cool this. After the primary air has flowed through the closed channel (s) or into the collecting channel, it leaves the collecting channel laterally at the gap, which is formed by the side walls of two adjacent grate bars.
Die Sammelkanäle zweier nebeneinander liegender Roststäbe können versetzt zueinander angeordnet sein, so dass durch die Primärluft des einen Sammelkanals die Seitenwand des jeweils anderen Roststabes gekühlt wird. Sind die Sammelkanäle der Roststäbe zueinander versetzt angeordnet, trifft die Öffnung des Sammelkanals nicht auf die Öffnung des jeweils gegenüberliegenden Sammelkanals, sondern auf die zu kühlenden Seitenwand des Roststabes. Um das zu erreichen, sind die Kanäle zu den Sammelkanälen jeweils unterschiedlich lang auszuführen. Es können auch unterschiedliche Formen von Sammelkanälen und deren Öffnungen an nebeneinander liegenden Roststäben angeordnet sein.The collecting channels of two adjacent grate bars can be arranged offset from one another, so that the side wall of the respective other grate bar is cooled by the primary air of a collecting channel. If the collecting channels of the grate bars arranged offset from one another, the opening of the collecting channel does not hit the opening of the respective opposite collecting channel, but on the side wall of the grate bar to be cooled. In order to achieve this, the channels to the collection channels are each of different lengths. It can also be arranged on adjacent grate bars different forms of collection channels and their openings.
Der erfindungsgemäße Roststab ist besonders geeignet, um an thermisch hoch belasteten Stellen eines Rostes eingesetzt zu werden, ohne, dass es zu einer Verstopfung der Öffnung des Sammelkanals kommt.The grate bar according to the invention is particularly suitable for being used at thermally highly stressed points of a grate without there being a blockage of the opening of the collecting channel.
Sofern der erfindungsgemäßer Roststab auf dem Rost neben einem herkömmlichen Roststab angeordnet ist, was in thermisch hoch belasteten Zonen des Rostes der Fall sein sollte, erfolgt eine intensive Kühlung der Seitenflächen des daneben liegenden Roststabes.If the grate bar according to the invention is arranged on the grate next to a conventional grate bar, which should be the case in thermally highly loaded zones of the grate, there is intensive cooling of the side surfaces of the adjacent grate bar.
Dadurch, dass die Kühlkanäle ihrerseits mit Kühlrippen versehen sind, erfolgt eine verbesserte Kühlung insbesondere an den thermisch hoch beanspruchten Stellen des Roststabes.The fact that the cooling channels are in turn provided with cooling fins, there is an improved cooling in particular at the thermally highly stressed points of the grate bar.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung hat den Vorteil, dass die ungerichtet aus dem Trichter kommende Primärluftströmung als gerichtete Strömung im Sinne einer optimalen Kühlung auf der Rostunterseite in den besonders hoch belasteten Bereich des Roststabes und des Rostes geführt wird und die dann folgende Ableitung der erwärmten Primärluft in das Brennbett so erfolgt, dass unerwünschte Brenneffekte an der Roststaboberseite und Verstopfungen der Öffnung des Sammelkanals vermieden werden.The solution according to the invention has the advantage that the primary air flow coming undirected from the funnel is directed as directed flow in the sense of optimal cooling on the grate underside in the particularly highly loaded area of the grate bar and the grate and then the subsequent discharge of the heated primary air into the combustion bed This is done so that unwanted burning effects on the top of the grate bar and blockages of the opening of the collecting channel can be avoided.
Durch das Ausgestalten der Kühlkanäle und Sammelkanäle weisen der erfindungsgemäße Roststab und der erfindungsgemäße Rost auch eine gegenüber anderen Roststäben und Rosten verbesserte Notlaufeigenschaft für den Fall auf, dass die thermisch am höchsten belasteten Stirnseiten des Roststabes im Betrieb vollständig abgetragen wurden und an dieser Stelle ein Kurzschluss zwischen Trichter und Brennbett entsteht. Die anfänglich allseits umschlossenen Kühlkanäle sind dann zwar zum Brennbett hin geöffnet, die noch vorhandenen Wände der Kühlkanäle bilden aber eine verbleibende Rest-Abschottung zwischen Trichter und Brennbett, so dass nur ein geringer Teil der Primärluft durch diese Öffnungen strömt.By designing the cooling channels and collecting channels, the grate bar and the grate according to the invention also have improved compared to other grate bars and rust emergency running in the event that the thermally most heavily loaded end faces of the grate bar were completely removed during operation and at this point a short circuit between Funnel and fuel bed is created. Although the cooling channels which are initially enclosed on all sides are then opened to the fuel bed, the remaining walls of the cooling channels form a remaining residue seal between the funnel and the fuel bed, so that only a small part of the primary air flows through these openings.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel und sechs Figuren näher erläutert. Die Figuren zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- Schematische Darstellung einer Schubfeuerung im Teilschnitt von der Seite;
- Fig. 2
- Detail
B von Figur 1 mit einem Teilschnitt von der Seite; - Fig. 3
- Detail
A von Figur 2 ; - Fig. 4
- Schnitt C-C von
Figur 3 ; - Fig. 5
- Schnitt D-D von
Figur 3 ; - Fig. 6
- Schnitt E-E von
Figur 3 ; - Fig. 7
- Schnitt K-K von
Figur 3 .
- Fig. 1
- Schematic representation of a combustion firing in partial section from the side;
- Fig. 2
- Detail B of
FIG. 1 with a partial section from the side; - Fig. 3
- Detail A of
FIG. 2 ; - Fig. 4
- Cut CC from
FIG. 3 ; - Fig. 5
- Cut DD from
FIG. 3 ; - Fig. 6
- Cut EE of
FIG. 3 ; - Fig. 7
- Cut KK from
FIG. 3 ,
Die
Unter dem Rost 3 ist der Trichter 14 angeordnet, durch den der Rostdurchfall abgeführt wird. In den Trichter 14 mündet eine Leitung 13 für Primärluft 7, die ihren Weg 15 unter die Roststäbe 4 nimmt und durch den Spalt, den jeweils zwei Roststäbe mit ihren in etwa parallel verlaufenden Seitenflächen 2 bilden, austritt, wobei die Primärluft 7 zum einen einen Weg 16b durch den vorderen Teil als auch durch den mittleren Teil 16a des Roststabes nimmt und diesen dadurch kühlt. Um die vorgesehene Kühlung des Roststabes 4 und des Rostes 3 zu erreichen, sind der erfindungsgemäße Roststab 4 und der erfindungsgemäße Rost 3 so aufgebaut, wie das aus dem in
Das Detail B (
Die Roststäbe 4 in
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
- 11
- Rücken des RoststabesBack of the grate bar
- 22
- Seitenfläche des RoststabesSide surface of the grate bar
- 33
- Rostrust
- 44
- Roststabgrate bar
- 55
- RoststabträgerGrate bar carrier
- 66
- Kanal im Roststab für Primärluft (Roststabkühlkanal)Channel in the grate bar for primary air (grate bar cooling channel)
- 77
-
Primärluft nach Verlassen der Leitung 13Primary air after leaving the
line 13 - 88th
- Stirnseite von 4Front side of 4
- 99
- Kühlrippecooling fin
- 1010
- Untere Öffnung des Kanals 6Lower opening of the channel 6
- 1111
- Obere Öffnung des Kanals 6Upper opening of the channel 6
- 1212
- Sammelkanalcollecting duct
- 1313
- Leitung für PrimärluftLine for primary air
- 1414
- Trichter unterhalb des RostesFunnels below the grate
- 1515
- Weg der Primärluft unter dem RostWay of the primary air under the grate
- 16a16a
- Weg der Primärluft im mittleren Teil des RoststabesPath of the primary air in the middle part of the grate bar
- 16b16b
- Weg der Primärluft durch den Roststab oder den Rost im vorderen Teil des RoststabesWay of the primary air through the grate bar or the grate in the front part of the grate bar
- 1717
- Wand zwischen den Kanälen 6Wall between the channels 6
- 1818
-
Bewegung des Roststabträgers 5Movement of the
grate bar carrier 5
Claims (10)
- Grate bar (4) for a grate furnace having a U-shaped profile with a straight, flat back side (1), a front side (8) and side surfaces (2) and being air-cooled, wherein a channel for primary air (7) is arranged in the front region of the grate bar (4) and an opening for primary air (7) is arranged in the side surfaces (2), wherein at least one closed channel (6) for primary air (7) is arranged in the front region of the grate bar (4), which extends substantially parallel to the front side (8) and has a lower opening (10) for the entry of primary air (7),
characterised in that
the at least one closed channel (6) opens into a collecting channel (12) extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar (4), said collecting channel (12) having openings immediately under the back side (1) of the grate bar (4) in the side surfaces (2) of the grate bar (4). - Grate bar (4) according to claim 1, characterised in that six closed channels (6) are arranged in the grate bar (4).
- Grate bar (4) according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that cooling fins (9) are arranged on the underside of the grate bar (4).
- Grate bar (4) according to claim 3, characterised in that two cooling fins (9) are arranged on the underside of the grate bar (4).
- Grate bar (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the openings of the collecting channel (12) in the side surface (2) have the shape of a slot.
- Grate bar (4) according to claim 5, characterised in that the slot has a length to diameter ratio of 5 to 1.
- Grate bar (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the collecting channel (12) within the grate bar (4) is arranged in the transition region from tensile stress to compressive stress.
- Grate (3) for a grate furnace having grate bar supports (5), a line (13) for primary air (7), a hopper (14) and air-cooled grate bars (4) arranged adjacent to and behind one another wherein the one ends of the grate bars (4) rest on the grate bar support (5) and the other ends of the grate bars (4) rest on the respective next grate bars (4), characterised in that the grate (3) formed by the grate bars (4) is formed by grate bars (4) according to the features of the first claim, in which primary air enters at least one closed channel (6) from below and emerges again through a collecting channel (12) extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the grate bars (4) relative to the side surface (2) of the respectively adjacent grate bar (4).
- Grate (3) according to claim 8, characterised in that only a part of the grate bars (4) is provided with the at least one closed cooled channel (6) and the collecting channel (12).
- Grate (3) according to any one of claims 8 or 9, characterised in that the collecting channels (12) of two grate bars (4) adjacent to one another are arranged offset from one another.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL15003079T PL3023694T4 (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2015-10-28 | Grate bar and grate for a grate furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014015916.7A DE102014015916A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2014-10-29 | Grate bar and grate for a grate firing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3023694A1 EP3023694A1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
EP3023694B1 true EP3023694B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
Family
ID=54360852
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15003079.9A Active EP3023694B1 (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2015-10-28 | Grate bar and grate for a grate furnace |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3023694B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014015916A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3023694T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3023694T4 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US10309648B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2019-06-04 | General Electric Company | System and method for active cooling of a grate bar for an incinerator of a waste-to-energy plant |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE593801C (en) * | ||||
DE2808057C2 (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1980-02-14 | Josef Martin Feuerungsbau Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Grate covering for mechanically moved step-shaped furnace grates of large furnaces |
DE3230597C1 (en) * | 1982-08-17 | 1983-12-22 | Johannes Josef Edmund 1000 Berlin Martin | Grate bar for rust coverings, especially for furnaces |
DE3343024A1 (en) | 1983-11-28 | 1985-06-05 | Wärmetechnik Dr. Pauli GmbH, 8035 Gauting | Air-cooled moving grate |
DE3521266A1 (en) * | 1985-06-13 | 1986-12-18 | Walter Josef Dipl.-Ing. 8000 München Martin | GRATE ROD FOR A FIRING GRATE OF A LARGE BURNER AND BURNING GRATE FOR THIS LARGE BURNER |
DE4105330C1 (en) | 1991-02-18 | 1992-08-06 | Noell - K + K Abfalltechnik Gmbh, 4040 Neuss, De | |
EP0924464A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1999-06-23 | KOCH, Theodor | Grate for a combustion plant and method for its cooling |
DE10163670A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Bbp Environment Gmbh | Grate bar for moving grate firing |
EP2184540B1 (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2011-12-21 | Hitachi Zosen Inova AG | Air-cooled grate block |
EP2487414B1 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2016-11-02 | Seko-Patent GmbH | Grate bar |
-
2014
- 2014-10-29 DE DE102014015916.7A patent/DE102014015916A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2015
- 2015-10-28 DK DK15003079T patent/DK3023694T3/en active
- 2015-10-28 PL PL15003079T patent/PL3023694T4/en unknown
- 2015-10-28 EP EP15003079.9A patent/EP3023694B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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PL3023694T4 (en) | 2021-02-08 |
PL3023694T3 (en) | 2020-11-02 |
DE102014015916A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
DK3023694T3 (en) | 2019-11-11 |
EP3023694A1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
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