EP3023694B1 - Barreau de grille et grille pour un foyer a grille - Google Patents

Barreau de grille et grille pour un foyer a grille Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3023694B1
EP3023694B1 EP15003079.9A EP15003079A EP3023694B1 EP 3023694 B1 EP3023694 B1 EP 3023694B1 EP 15003079 A EP15003079 A EP 15003079A EP 3023694 B1 EP3023694 B1 EP 3023694B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
grate bar
bar
bars
primary air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15003079.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3023694A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Mozuch
Ulrich Kremser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Zosen Inova Steinmueller GmbH
Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Steinmueller Babcock Environment GmbH
Nippon Steel and Sumikin Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steinmueller Babcock Environment GmbH, Nippon Steel and Sumikin Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Steinmueller Babcock Environment GmbH
Priority to PL15003079T priority Critical patent/PL3023694T4/pl
Publication of EP3023694A1 publication Critical patent/EP3023694A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3023694B1 publication Critical patent/EP3023694B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/04—Grates with hollow bars externally cooled, e.g. with water, steam or air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grate bar according to the preamble of the first claim and a grate for a grate firing.
  • the invention is applicable everywhere where grate bars and a grate are used for a grate firing and cooling of the grate bars in their front area by means of primary air.
  • the combustion air which is blown as so-called primary air through the combustion grate into the fuel bed resting thereon.
  • the cooling effect by the primary air flow is determined by the gap size between the grate bars or by defined outlet openings and the flow resistance of the primary air through the fuel bed at this point. If the primary air flow z. B. laid by liquid slags that obstruct the gap or clog the outlet openings, the affected grate bar is practically not cooled.
  • the grate bar on the bottom can be provided with cooling fins, which are blown by the primary air.
  • a grate bar with a hollow box-like cross-section known. Between the top and the bottom of this grate bar two chambers are formed by a central rib, which are acted upon from the rear side with air. The air exits through the passage of the chambers through a slot nozzle at the front of the grate bar in the combustion chamber. In this type of cooling there is a risk of blockage of the slot nozzle, so that the air does not escape from the grate bar and therefore can not cool it. Furthermore, the exit of the warmed air through the nozzle-like opening in the front wall a burning effect with increased fuel turnover and temperature increases, thus accelerating a local destruction of the grate bar.
  • a cooled grate bar is known, on the underside of which a meandering, air-flowed coil is attached to an unspecified manner. After flowing through the coil, the air exits the grate bar on its underside by laterally arranged outlet openings. Inadequate attachment of the coil, the heat transfer from the grate bar in the cooling air through the coil is significantly affected.
  • the meandered pipe coil basically leads to an asymmetric temperature distribution in the grate bar. The result is a distortion of the grate bar with an undesirable gap formation between adjacent grate bars.
  • DE 101 63 670 A1 describes a grate bar for a grate firing, which has a U-shaped profile with a back and side flanks and is provided on its underside with a channeled air through duct system having an outlet for the air in the front region of the grate bar on the underside of the grate bar , The cooling air is supplied to the grate bar via the grate bar, which represents a complicated solution.
  • the US Pat. No. 4,719,900 describes a grate bar for a grate firing having a U-shaped profile with a back and side surfaces and is air cooled.
  • a grate bar for a grate firing having a U-shaped profile with a back and side surfaces and is air cooled.
  • an open channel is arranged in the front area of the grate bar.
  • the grate bar has on its back in the front region of a survey in the transverse to the longitudinal axis of a collection channel is arranged escapes from the air in the bulk material on the grate. Cooling of the adjacent grate bar does not take place.
  • the EP 0 103 202 describes a grate bar for a grate firing, which has a U-shaped profile and a back and side surfaces and is air-cooled.
  • the grate bar has down a cover plate, open channels and an air outlet opening in the front region of the side surfaces.
  • the side surfaces are arranged offset in the region of the air outlet openings.
  • a closed channel to a transverse to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar arranged collecting channel is not present.
  • the problem may be the clogging of the air outlet opening between the grates by the Rost trimfall.
  • the EP 2 184 540 A1 relates to an air-cooled grate bar of a grate for the thermal treatment of waste in which the grate blocks are arranged in a staircase one above the other.
  • the grate block for a sliding grate firing has a U-shaped profile with a straight, flat back and an end face, wherein in a front region of the grate bar at least one closed channel for primary air is arranged, which runs substantially parallel to the end face and a lower opening for having the entry of primary air.
  • the upper opening directs the jet of air from the grate bar on the next grate bar, so that a high thermal load on the surface thereof.
  • a side surface on the grate bar, which separates this from the next grate bar, is not present.
  • each adjacent grate bars are open to each other. A separation of these is best done by ribs, which are arranged under the grate bars. The channels always run along the grate bar and are connected by no collecting channel transverse to the grate bar. A transverse to the grate bar collecting channel, with which the side surface of the next grate bar is cooled, is not present. The entire air of the collecting ducts blows through the outlet opening in the front part of the grate bar.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to develop a grate with grate bar, in which initially the undirected coming from the hopper primary air flow in terms of optimized cooling on the grate bar base is directed into the particularly highly loaded front portion of the grate bar and then the following derivative of heated primary air into the combustion bed so that the unwanted burner effect is avoided on the top of the grate bar.
  • the primary air should be supplied so that there is no clogging of the opening in the side surface of the grate bar.
  • the solution according to the invention provides a grate with grate bars for a sliding grate firing in which a plurality of grate bar rows of grate juxtaposed grate bars form the grate surface.
  • a row of grate bars is each mounted on a grate bar support and is supported at the front roof tile on the following grate bar row.
  • At every second grate bar carrier engages, not shown, drive, by which the relevant grate bar row is moved back and forth.
  • the primary air supplied below the grate lining cools the grate bars and passes essentially through gaps between the individual grate bars in the fuel layer (fuel bed).
  • the entire grate covering can consist of grate bars according to the invention which have at least one closed or generally enclosed channel for the primary air in their front area.
  • the grate bars according to the invention are used at least on the thermally highly loaded zones of the grate, d. H. together with conventional grate bars.
  • the grate bars have a flat back without superstructures on which the firing board is located.
  • the side surfaces of the grate bars are approximately parallel to each other over their entire length.
  • closed channels it is advantageous to arrange several, for example six, such closed channels in the grate bar. How many grate cooling channels are to be arranged depends on the width of the grate. Especially wide grate bars can also have more closed channels.
  • the closed channel may have different cross-sectional shapes such as a quadrangular, square, round or oval shape.
  • a square shape is advantageously advantageous.
  • the channels for primary air or the grate bar cooling channels have a lower opening for the entry of the primary air and an upper opening for the exit of the primary air.
  • the upper openings open into a collecting channel, which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar and ends in the approximately parallel side surfaces of the grate bar.
  • the collecting channel and its opening in the side surface of the grate bar may take the form of a long hole, an oval or a have square or rectangular cross-sectional shape, the shape of a slot is particularly suitable.
  • the warmed in the closed channels air is released through the collection channel at low speed in the two slots between the individual grate bars, which additional local temperature increases caused by the burning effect can be avoided.
  • the cross-sections and lengths of the grate bar cooling channels and the collecting channel are dimensioned by the skilled person so that - taking into account the marginal gaps between the grate bars as an alternative way - sufficient for the cooling effect flow through the cooling channels is achieved.
  • the skilled person preferably uses calculation programs for numerical flow simulation.
  • the collecting channel is arranged in the grate bar so that it is in the normally occurring material stress by bending in the static little loaded neutral fiber, i. in the transition range from tensile to compressive stress. This avoids a weakening of the mechanical resistance of the rod.
  • cooling fins it is also advantageous to arrange on the underside of the grate bar cooling fins, and it is advantageous to arrange, for example, two cooling fins on the underside of the grate bar.
  • two cooling fins can be arranged with narrow grate bars less and with wide grate bars more cooling fins.
  • the slot has a ratio between length to diameter between 3 to 7 to 1, preferably between 5 to 1. Other conditions should not be excluded.
  • This dimensioning has in connection with the closed channel in the grate bar for the required flow rate of the primary air as proven particularly advantageous, both in terms of good cooling of the adjacent grate bar as well as in view of the fact that a clogging of the opening is avoided by kiln.
  • the so-called primary air flows from a main air line, which is located in a funnel under the combustion grate, from below into the grate bars of the combustion grate and through their cooling channels enclosed on all sides in the front region of Rust bar and cool this.
  • the primary air After the primary air has flowed through the closed channel (s) or into the collecting channel, it leaves the collecting channel laterally at the gap, which is formed by the side walls of two adjacent grate bars.
  • the collecting channels of two adjacent grate bars can be arranged offset from one another, so that the side wall of the respective other grate bar is cooled by the primary air of a collecting channel. If the collecting channels of the grate bars arranged offset from one another, the opening of the collecting channel does not hit the opening of the respective opposite collecting channel, but on the side wall of the grate bar to be cooled. In order to achieve this, the channels to the collection channels are each of different lengths. It can also be arranged on adjacent grate bars different forms of collection channels and their openings.
  • the grate bar according to the invention is particularly suitable for being used at thermally highly stressed points of a grate without there being a blockage of the opening of the collecting channel.
  • the grate bar according to the invention is arranged on the grate next to a conventional grate bar, which should be the case in thermally highly loaded zones of the grate, there is intensive cooling of the side surfaces of the adjacent grate bar.
  • cooling channels are in turn provided with cooling fins, there is an improved cooling in particular at the thermally highly stressed points of the grate bar.
  • the solution according to the invention has the advantage that the primary air flow coming undirected from the funnel is directed as directed flow in the sense of optimal cooling on the grate underside in the particularly highly loaded area of the grate bar and the grate and then the subsequent discharge of the heated primary air into the combustion bed This is done so that unwanted burning effects on the top of the grate bar and blockages of the opening of the collecting channel can be avoided.
  • the grate bar and the grate according to the invention also have improved compared to other grate bars and rust emergency running in the event that the thermally most heavily loaded end faces of the grate bar were completely removed during operation and at this point a short circuit between Funnel and fuel bed is created.
  • the cooling channels which are initially enclosed on all sides are then opened to the fuel bed, the remaining walls of the cooling channels form a remaining residue seal between the funnel and the fuel bed, so that only a small part of the primary air flows through these openings.
  • the FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a section of a grate firing in partial section from the side.
  • the considered sliding grate is used for the combustion of fuel, such as garbage, which is applied as a fuel layer on the combustion grate.
  • the grate 3 consists of grate bars 4, which are arranged in rows of grate bars and rest on one side on the grate bar 5 and on the other side on the respective subsequent grate bar 4.
  • Each second grate bar is moved by a, not shown, drive back and forth so that the fuel layer is moved from the fuel task to the slag discharge.
  • the grate bars 4 of each row are roof tiles superimposed.
  • the grate bar 4 according to the invention and the grate 3 according to the invention are constructed in the same way as that of FIG FIG. 2 shown detail.
  • the detail B ( FIG. 2 ) shows a section BB of FIG. 5 by the grate bar 4 according to the invention.
  • the grate bars 4 in FIG. 2 have a U-shaped profile with an approximately flat, straight back 1 and side surfaces 2 and are mounted with one end on the grate bar 5. Every second grate bar carrier 5 performs a movement 18 with respect to a non-moving grate bar carrier 5, whereby the kiln is moved over the grate 3.
  • These cooling channels 6 have a lower opening 10 through which the primary air 7 flows, and an upper opening 11 through which the primary air 7 flows into a collecting channel 12 and through this collecting channel 12, which is arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar 4, the Rust bar 4 leaves again laterally.
  • the channels or cooling channels 6 and the collecting channel 12 thus conduct the air from the lower opening 10 to the two openings of the collecting channel 12 in the respective side surface 2 of the grate bar 4. It is important that the straight collecting channel 12 immediately below the back 1 of Grate bar 4 extends and the openings in the side surface 2 are also located directly below the back 1.
  • the collecting channel 12 which has an oval shape, is formed on the one hand by the underside of the back 1 of the grate bar 4 and a lower boundary, which forms a channel with an oval cross-section with the lower side of the back 1.
  • the path 15 of the primary air 7 under the grate 3 and through the grate bars 4 is the FIG. 2 can be seen, with the way 16a the Primary air on the one hand in the middle part of the grate bar 4 passes through the slot, form the two grate bars, and the path 16b of the primary air on the other hand through the front part of the grate bar 4 just above the channels 6 and the collecting channel 12 leads.
  • the collecting channel 12 terminates in the side surface 2 of the grate bar 4 and has the shape of a slot. For better cooling effect of the primary air 7 4 four cooling fins 9 are arranged on the underside of the grate bar.
  • FIG. 3 shows the detail A of FIG. 2 .
  • the sections CC, DD and EE of FIG. 3 are each the FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 refer to.
  • FIG. 4 shows the transverse to the grate bar 4 collecting channel 12, under which there are two cooling fins 9 and above which the back 1 of the grate bar 4 is located.
  • the collecting channel 12 opens on both sides in the side surface 2 of the grate bar 4 directly under the back 1 of the pipe bar. 4
  • FIG. 5 that the section DD of FIG. 3 shows three walls 17 between six channels 6 and two cooling fins 9 and the view of the section BB.
  • FIG. 6 shows six square channels 6, which extend parallel to the end face 8 of the grate bar 4, wherein two cooling fins 9 are arranged between two side walls with side surfaces 2 of the grate bar 4.
  • the cooling fins 9 act in addition to cooling as static elements with which the mechanical strength of the grate bar 4 is increased.
  • FIG. 7 shows a section through the upper opening 11 of the channels 6 with the intermediate walls 17, the collecting channel 12 and the cooling fins 9 and the side surfaces 2.
  • the coming of the upper openings 11 primary air 16b leaves the grate bar 4 through the side openings of the collecting channel 12 and thus cools the side surface 2 of the nearest grate bar.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Barreau de grille (4) destiné à un foyer à grille mobile, barreau de grille, qui présente un profil en forme d'U avec un dos droit plan (1) une face avant (8) et des faces latérales (2) et est refroidi par air, un canal pour l'air primaire (7) et, dans les faces latérales (2), une ouverture pour l'air primaire (7) étant disposées dans la partie avant du barreau de grille (4),
    dans la partie avant du barreau de grille (4) étant disposé au moins un canal fermé (6) pour l'air primaire (7) qui s'étend essentiellement parallèlement à la face avant (8) et présente une ouverture inférieure (10) pour l'entrée d'air primaire (7),
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    au moins un canal fermé (6) débouche dans un canal collecteur (12) qui s'étend transversalement à l'axe longitudinal du barreau de grille (4) et présente des ouvertures immédiatement sous le dos (1) du barreau de grille (4) dans les faces latérales (2) de celui-ci.
  2. Barreau de grille (4) suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que six canaux fermés (6) sont disposés dans le barreau de grille (4).
  3. Barreau de grille (4) suivant une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que des ailettes de refroidissement (9) sont disposées sur la face inférieure du barreau de grille (4).
  4. Barreau de grille (4) suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que deux ailettes de refroidissement (9) sont disposées sur la face inférieure du barreau de grille (4).
  5. Barreau de grille (4) suivant une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures du canal collecteur (12) dans la face latérale (2) présentent la forme d'un trou oblong.
  6. Barreau de grille (4) suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le trou oblong présente un rapport de sa longueur à son diamètre de 5 à 1.
  7. Barreau de grille (4) suivant une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le canal collecteur (12) est disposé à l'intérieur du barreau de grille (4), dans la zone de transition entre contrainte de traction et contrainte de compression.
  8. Grille (3) pour un foyer à grille mobile avec des supports de barreaux de grille (5), une conduite (13) pour l'air primaire (7), une trémie (14) et des barreaux de grille (4) refroidis par air, disposés de façon juxtaposée et à la suite les uns des autres , d'un côté, les extrémités des barreaux de grille (4) reposant sur le support de barreaux de grille (5) et, de l'autre côté, les extrémités des barreaux de grille (4) reposant sur les barreaux de grille respectivement les plus proches (4), caractérisé en ce que la grille (3) formée par les barreaux de grille (4) est formée par des barreaux de grille (4) suivant les caractéristiques de la première revendication, de l'air primaire pénétrant à partir du bas dans au moins un canal fermé (6) et sortant à travers un canal collecteur (12) s'étendant transversalement à l'axe longitudinal des barreaux de grille (4) à l'opposé de la face latérale (2) du barreau de grille (4) respectivement juxtaposé.
  9. Grille (3) suivant la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce qu'une partie seulement des barreaux de grille (4) sont munis d'au moins un canal (6) fermé refroidi et du canal collecteur (12).
  10. Grille (3) suivant une des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce que les canaux collecteurs (12) de deux barreaux de grille (4) juxtaposés sont disposés avec un décalage mutuel.
EP15003079.9A 2014-10-29 2015-10-28 Barreau de grille et grille pour un foyer a grille Active EP3023694B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15003079T PL3023694T4 (pl) 2014-10-29 2015-10-28 Rusztowina i ruszt dla paleniska rusztowego

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014015916.7A DE102014015916A1 (de) 2014-10-29 2014-10-29 Roststab und Rost für eine Schubrostfeuerung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3023694A1 EP3023694A1 (fr) 2016-05-25
EP3023694B1 true EP3023694B1 (fr) 2019-07-31

Family

ID=54360852

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15003079.9A Active EP3023694B1 (fr) 2014-10-29 2015-10-28 Barreau de grille et grille pour un foyer a grille

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3023694B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014015916A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3023694T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3023694T4 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10309648B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2019-06-04 General Electric Company System and method for active cooling of a grate bar for an incinerator of a waste-to-energy plant

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE593801C (fr) *
DE2808057C2 (de) * 1978-02-24 1980-02-14 Josef Martin Feuerungsbau Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen Rostbelag für mechanisch bewegte stufenförmige Feuerungsroste von Großfeuerungen
DE3230597C1 (de) * 1982-08-17 1983-12-22 Johannes Josef Edmund 1000 Berlin Martin Roststab fuer Rostbelaege,insbesondere von Feuerungen
DE3343024A1 (de) 1983-11-28 1985-06-05 Wärmetechnik Dr. Pauli GmbH, 8035 Gauting Luftgekuehlter beweglicher rost
DE3521266A1 (de) * 1985-06-13 1986-12-18 Walter Josef Dipl.-Ing. 8000 München Martin Roststab fuer einen feuerungsrost einer grossfeuerung und feuerungsrost fuer diese grossfeuerung
DE4105330C1 (fr) 1991-02-18 1992-08-06 Noell - K + K Abfalltechnik Gmbh, 4040 Neuss, De
EP0924464A1 (fr) 1997-12-19 1999-06-23 KOCH, Theodor Grille d'une installation de combustion et méthode pour son refroidissement
DE10163670A1 (de) 2001-12-21 2003-07-03 Bbp Environment Gmbh Roststab für eine Schubrostfeuerung
ATE538347T1 (de) * 2008-11-05 2012-01-15 Hitachi Zosen Inova Ag Luftgekühlter rostblock
EP2487414B1 (fr) * 2011-02-04 2016-11-02 Seko-Patent GmbH Barreau de grille

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK3023694T3 (da) 2019-11-11
EP3023694A1 (fr) 2016-05-25
PL3023694T3 (pl) 2020-11-02
DE102014015916A1 (de) 2016-05-04
PL3023694T4 (pl) 2021-02-08

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