EP2423599B1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un agencement de brûleur ainsi qu'agencement de brûleur destiné à la mise en oeuvre du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un agencement de brûleur ainsi qu'agencement de brûleur destiné à la mise en oeuvre du procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2423599B1
EP2423599B1 EP11177535.9A EP11177535A EP2423599B1 EP 2423599 B1 EP2423599 B1 EP 2423599B1 EP 11177535 A EP11177535 A EP 11177535A EP 2423599 B1 EP2423599 B1 EP 2423599B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
burner wall
cooling air
effusion
holes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP11177535.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2423599A2 (fr
EP2423599A3 (fr
Inventor
Madhavan Poyyapakkam
Adnan Ergolu
Andrea Ciani
Diane Lauffer
Uwe Ruedel
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Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Publication of EP2423599A3 publication Critical patent/EP2423599A3/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
    • F23R3/346—Feeding into different combustion zones for staged combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002—Wall structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03041—Effusion cooled combustion chamber walls or domes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03044—Impingement cooled combustion chamber walls or subassemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03045—Convection cooled combustion chamber walls provided with turbolators or means for creating turbulences to increase cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03341—Sequential combustion chambers or burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of burner technology, in particular gas turbines. It relates to methods for operating a burner assembly according to the preamble of claim 1. It further relates to a burner assembly for carrying out the method.
  • SEV burners are used in the applicant, which are described, for example, in the article " Field experience with the sequential combustion system of the GT24 / GT26 gas turbine family ", ABB Review 5, 1998, pp. 12-20 , or in the publication EP 2 169 314 A2 (see the local there Fig. 1 ) to be discribed.
  • the SEV burner 10 of Fig. 1 includes a mixing space 12 extending in a flow direction (see the elongated arrows). Upstream of the mixing chamber 12 is an inlet 11, can enter through the combustion gases 18 from the first (not shown) combustion chamber to relax in the first (not shown) turbine in the mixing chamber 12. Downstream of the mixing chamber 12 is followed by a combustion chamber 13, in which a burner flame with a corresponding flame boundary 17 is formed during operation.
  • the mixing space 12 is bounded outwardly by a burner wall 15 having a plurality of effusion holes 16.
  • Into the mixing chamber 12 projects an angled fuel lance 14, from which a fuel 19 is injected into the mixing chamber 12.
  • the EP 0 918 190 A1 further discloses an annular space which guides the cooling air outside the burner along the burner wall.
  • the JP 58 072822 A shows an effusion cooled burner wall in which each effusion hole has a cylindrical extension.
  • the object is achieved by the method of claim 1 and by the burner assembly of claim 9.
  • Essential for the invention is that the cooling air is deflected targeted on the outside of the burner wall in its flow direction by distributed deflecting elements.
  • effusion cooling can, so to speak, be "tailored” to enhance its effect in the most critical areas of the burner.
  • the use of the deflection allows a greatly improved adjustment of the direction of injected effusion cooling air.
  • the flow conditions are optimized within the mixing chamber, which - especially with regard to the stability of combustion in particularly reactive fuels - the reliability benefits.
  • the deflection allow in their area a more concentrated effusion cooling of the burner.
  • the deflecting elements are mounted directly on the outer surface of the burner wall.
  • they have the shape of a halved ball half shell and resemble an orchestra shell.
  • the height and width of the semicircular opening of the deflecting elements can be varied as a function of the diameter and spacing of the effusion holes covered therewith.
  • the number and placement of the deflectors depend on the shape of the burner.
  • the orientation of the baffles that is, the orientation of their openings
  • the deflecting elements can either be manufactured and fastened individually or together in the form of a correspondingly punched and / or embossed sheet metal.
  • the deflecting elements may be welded or cast on the burner wall.
  • the number and diameter of the effusion holes can also be adapted to the positions of the deflection elements.
  • An embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the cooling air is deflected by a deflection in each case in one of the effusion holes.
  • Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the cooling air is deflected by a deflecting element in each case in several effusion holes.
  • Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the effusion holes are inclined with their axes relative to the burner wall, and that the cooling air is deflected by the deflecting elements such that it flows on entry into the effusion holes substantially parallel to the axes of the effusion holes.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the effusion holes are inclined with their axes relative to the burner wall, and that the cooling air is deflected by the deflecting elements such that it flows substantially perpendicular to the burner wall when entering the effusion holes.
  • Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a perforated plate with holes is arranged on the outside of the burner wall and at a distance from the burner wall, and that the cooling air is introduced on the side facing away from the burner wall of the perforated plate and by the deflection into the holes of the perforated plate is deflected and flows to the burner wall.
  • Yet another embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that spoon-like shells are used as deflecting elements which shield the associated effusion holes from one side and are open in the direction of the approaching cooling air.
  • An embodiment of the burner assembly according to the invention is characterized in that in each case a deflecting element is associated with one of the effusion holes.
  • Another embodiment of the burner assembly according to the invention is characterized in that a deflecting element is assigned in each case to a plurality of effusion holes.
  • Another embodiment of the burner assembly according to the invention is characterized in that the effusion holes are inclined with their axes relative to the burner wall, and that the deflection elements are designed such that the cooling air flows in the entry into the effusion holes substantially parallel to the axes of the effusion holes.
  • Another embodiment of the burner assembly according to the invention is characterized in that the effusion holes are inclined with their axes relative to the burner wall, and that the deflection elements are formed such that the cooling air flows when entering the effusion holes substantially perpendicular to the burner wall.
  • a further embodiment of the burner arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that a perforated plate with holes is arranged on the outside of the burner wall and at a distance from the burner wall, and that the deflecting elements are arranged on the side facing away from the burner wall of the perforated plate such that cooling air through the deflecting elements in the holes of the perforated plate is deflected and flows to the burner wall.
  • Yet another embodiment of the burner assembly according to the invention is characterized in that the deflecting elements are designed as spoon-like shells which shield the associated effusion holes from one side and are open in the direction of the approaching cooling air.
  • Yet another embodiment of the burner assembly according to the invention is characterized in that the deflecting elements are applied to the outer surface of the burner wall or the perforated plate.
  • the invention gives the possibility of the effusion cooling of the burner Fig. 1 "tailor" or optimize in order to increase their impact in the most critical areas of the burner (the particularly hot areas). This happens because aerodynamically shaped deflecting elements (21 in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 ) are arranged on the cold or outer side of the burner wall 15. The presence of this spoon-like, designed in the manner of a half-spherical half-deflection elements 21 makes it possible to adjust the direction of the injected effusion cooling air according to the particular needs.
  • the diverting elements 21 allow the flow to accumulate and convert at least part of the dynamic pressure into static pressure.
  • the deflecting elements 21 thus allow the feed pressure for the effusion cooling to be raised and adjusted.
  • Fig. 3 shows a small section of the burner wall 15 with a plurality of distributed therein effusion holes 16, by the according Fig. 1 Cooling air flows into the mixing chamber 12.
  • Fig. 3 further shows a single deflecting element 21, which, representative of other deflecting elements, not shown, several of the effusion holes 16 so covered that in the direction of the arrow on the burner wall 15 along the cooling air flow 20 captured and deflected in the direction of the effusion holes 16. Over the entire burner wall 15, many such deflecting elements 21 may be arranged in different density and orientation, in order to deflect the cooling air 20 in an optimum manner.
  • Fig. 4 shows a single arrangement of a deflecting element 21, which is associated with only a single effusion hole 16.
  • the function can be set as a deflecting element or as a stowage element for recovering the dynamic pressure.
  • the effusion holes 16 can be oriented with their hole axes perpendicular to the plane of the burner wall 10. In most cases, however, as in Fig. 2 shows the axes of the effusion holes 16 with respect to the plane of the Burner wall 15 inclined so that the inflowing through the effusion holes 16 cooling air has a velocity component parallel to the main flow in the mixing chamber 12 and increases the axial length and thus the cooling effect.
  • the angle ⁇ which includes the axis with the wall plane, may be in a range between 10 ° and 80 °, in particular between 20 ° and 50 °, preferably between 30 ° and 40 °. A particularly suitable value has been found to be an angle of 35 °.
  • the deflecting elements 21, as in Fig. 5 shown be shaped so that the deflected cooling air largely perpendicular to the burner wall 15 and thus meets the hole entrances.
  • it can be more favorable in terms of flow technology according to Fig. 6 adjust the curvature of the deflection elements 22 so that the deflected cooling air enters the effusion holes 16 practically in the direction of the hole axes.
  • the effusion cooling described is not limited to the mixing chamber 12, but may also extend to the liner of the combustion chamber 13.
  • the effusion cooling in the liner has the task of avoiding the self-ignition of the air-fuel mixture.
  • the effusion cooling in the mixing chamber 12 or premixer has the task of avoiding the stagnation of combustion gases on the burner wall 15 by forming a boundary layer.
  • the function of the vortex formation of the cooling air by the deflecting elements 21, 22 can be reinforced by the fact that the deflecting elements 21, 20 are mounted in a specific overall arrangement (graduation) in order to influence them in terms of flow.
  • the convective cooling on the outside of the burner wall 15 is increased.
  • rows of deflection elements 21, 22 are arranged at right angles to the flow direction of the cooling air 22, wherein the deflection elements 21, 22 of two successive rows are each arranged offset from one another.
  • the deflection elements 21, 22 locally enhance the effusion cooling of the burner. If according to Fig. 7 a perforated plate 23 is used as an impingement cooling plate with deflecting elements, the heat transfer coefficient increases on the cold side of the burner wall 15.
  • the deflecting elements 21, 22 are preferably arranged in the areas where the cooling air has a particularly high speed to more cooling air into the effusion holes 16th redirect.
  • Some areas of the effusion cooling are disadvantaged in that the speed of the cooling air is high there and only a low static pressure prevails.
  • Some areas of effusion cooling need to be reinforced because the heat load on the hot gas side (because of a high heat transfer coefficient or a high flame temperature) is particularly high there.
  • the deflection elements according to the invention catch cooling air through a combination of damming and diverting, which otherwise would have flowed past the effusion holes. In this way, the cooling can be local be reinforced without increasing the number of effusion holes or the diameter of the effusion holes increases the risk of cracking.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé d'exploitation d'un dispositif de brûleur (10), moyennant quoi, dans ce dispositif de brûleur (10), s'écoule un gaz de combustion chaud (18) contenant de l'air de combustion, de manière globalement parallèle à une paroi de brûleur (15) à travers un espace de mélange (12) délimité par cette paroi de brûleur (15), en direction d'un espace de combustion (13) et est mélangé, dans l'espace de mélange (12) avec un carburant (19) introduit, moyennant quoi, dans le cadre d'un refroidissement par effusion, de l'air de refroidissement (20) s'écoule de l'extérieur de la paroi du brûleur (15) à travers des trous d'effusion (16) dans la paroi du brûleur (15), vers l'intérieur de l'espace de mélange (12), caractérisé en ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) est dévié sur l'extérieur de la paroi du brûleur (15) dans sa direction d'écoulement par des éléments de déviation (21, 22) en direction de la paroi du brûleur (15), en ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) présente, à l'extérieur de la paroi du brûleur (15), une composante de vitesse parallèle à la paroi du brûleur (15) et en ce que la pression statique de l'air de refroidissement (20) est augmentée en amont des éléments de déviation (21, 22), afin d'augmenter la pression d'introduction pour le refroidissement par effusion.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) présente, à l'extérieur de la paroi du brûleur (15), une composante de vitesse parallèle à la paroi du brûleur (15) et en ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) est dévié en direction de la paroi du brûleur (15).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) est dévié par un élément de déviation (21, 22) dans un des trous d'effusion (16).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) est dévié par un élément de déviation (21, 22) dans plusieurs trous d'effusion (16).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les trous d'effusion (16) sont inclinés avec leurs axes par rapport à la paroi du brûleur (15) et en ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) est dévié par les éléments de déviation (22) de façon à ce que, lors de l'entrée dans les trous d'effusion (16), il s'écoule de manière globalement parallèle aux axes des trous d'effusion (16).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les trous d'effusion (16) sont inclinés avec leurs axes par rapport à la paroi du brûleur (15) et en ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) est dévié par les éléments de déviation (21) de façon à ce que, lors de l'entrée dans les trous d'effusion (16), il s'écoule de manière globalement perpendiculaire à la paroi du brûleur (15).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, à l'extérieur de la paroi du brûleur (15) et à une certaine distance de celle-ci (15), se trouve une tôle perforée (23) avec des trous (25) et en ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) est guidé le long du côté de la tôle perforée (23) opposé à la paroi du brûleur (15), est dévié par les éléments de déviation (21, 22) vers les trous (25) de la tôle perforée (23) et s'écoule vers la paroi du brûleur (15).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, en tant qu'éléments de déviation (21, 22), sont utilisés des coques en forme de cuillères qui protègent les trous d'effusion (16) correspondant sur un côté et qui sont ouvertes en direction de l'arrivée de l'air de refroidissement (20).
  9. Dispositif de brûleur (10) pour l'exécution du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, ce dispositif de brûleur (10) comprenant un espace de mélange (12) s'étendant dans une direction d'écoulement, qui est délimité à l'extérieur par une paroi du brûleur (15) et qui comprend en amont une entrée (11) pour un gaz de combustion chaud (18) contenant de l'air de combustion, et prolongé en aval par un espace de combustion (13), moyennant quoi une lance à carburant (14) pour l'introduction d'un carburant (19) dépasse dans l'espace de mélange (12), et la paroi du brûleur (15) est munie de trous d'effusion (16), à travers lesquels l'air de refroidissement (20) guidé le long de l'extérieur de la paroi du brûleur (15) peut s'écouler vers l'espace de mélange (12), caractérisé en ce que, à l'extérieur de la paroi du brûleur (15), se trouvent des éléments de déviation (21, 22) qui dévient l'air de refroidissement (20) en direction de la paroi du brûleur (15) afin d'augmenter la pression d'introduction pour le refroidissement par effusion.
  10. Dispositif de brûleur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément de déviation (21, 22) correspond à un des trous d'effusion (16).
  11. Dispositif de brûleur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de déviation (21, 22) correspond à plusieurs trous d'effusion (16).
  12. Dispositif de brûleur selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que les trous d'effusion (16) sont inclinés, avec leurs axes, par rapport à la paroi du brûleur (15) et en ce que les éléments de déviation (22) sont conçus de façon à ce que l'air de refroidissement s'écoule, lors de l'entrée dans les trous d'effusion (16), de manière globalement parallèle aux axes des trous d'effusion (16).
  13. Dispositif de brûleur selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que les trous d'effusion (16) sont inclinés, avec leurs axes, par rapport à la paroi du brûleur (15) et en ce que les éléments de déviation (21) sont conçus de façon à ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) s'écoule, lors de l'entrée dans les trous d'effusion (16), de manière globalement perpendiculaire à la paroi du brûleur (15).
  14. Dispositif de brûleur selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que, à l'extérieur de la paroi du brûleur (15) et à une certaine distance de la paroi du brûleur (15) se trouve une tôle perforée (23) avec des trous (25) et en ce que les éléments de déviation (21) sont disposés sur le côté de la tôle perforée (23) opposé à la paroi du brûleur (15) de façon à ce que l'air de refroidissement (20) soit dévié par les éléments de déviation (21) vers les trous (25) de la tôle perforée (23) et s'écoule vers la paroi du brûleur (15).
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de déviation (21, 22) sont conçus comme des coques en forme de cuillères qui protègent les trous d'effusion (16) correspondant d'un côté et qui sont ouvertes en direction de l'arrivée de l'air de refroidissement (20).
EP11177535.9A 2010-08-27 2011-08-15 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un agencement de brûleur ainsi qu'agencement de brûleur destiné à la mise en oeuvre du procédé Active EP2423599B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01388/10A CH703657A1 (de) 2010-08-27 2010-08-27 Verfahren zum betrieb einer brenneranordnung sowie brenneranordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens.

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EP2423599A2 EP2423599A2 (fr) 2012-02-29
EP2423599A3 EP2423599A3 (fr) 2013-07-31
EP2423599B1 true EP2423599B1 (fr) 2017-05-17

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US (1) US9157637B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2423599B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5896644B2 (fr)
CH (1) CH703657A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2632755T3 (fr)

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DE102013221286B4 (de) 2013-10-21 2021-07-29 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Brennkammer, insbesondere Gasturbinenbrennkammer, z. B. für ein Luftfahrttriebwerk
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EP2423599A2 (fr) 2012-02-29
JP5896644B2 (ja) 2016-03-30
JP2012047443A (ja) 2012-03-08
US9157637B2 (en) 2015-10-13
CH703657A1 (de) 2012-02-29
US20120047908A1 (en) 2012-03-01
EP2423599A3 (fr) 2013-07-31

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