EP2171020A2 - Synergistische mischung - Google Patents

Synergistische mischung

Info

Publication number
EP2171020A2
EP2171020A2 EP08786034A EP08786034A EP2171020A2 EP 2171020 A2 EP2171020 A2 EP 2171020A2 EP 08786034 A EP08786034 A EP 08786034A EP 08786034 A EP08786034 A EP 08786034A EP 2171020 A2 EP2171020 A2 EP 2171020A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substituents
radicals
synergistic mixture
radical
mixture according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP08786034A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arno Lange
Dietmar Posselt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to EP08786034A priority Critical patent/EP2171020A2/de
Publication of EP2171020A2 publication Critical patent/EP2171020A2/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a synergistic mixture of (A) at least one compound with a structural element of the formula (I)
  • the present invention relates to the use of this synergistic mixture as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material against the action of light, oxygen and heat, especially in jet fuels and lubricant compositions. Furthermore, the present invention relates to inanimate organic material, a turbine fuel composition, an additive concentrate for turbine fuels, and a lubricant composition containing this synergistic mixture.
  • WO 05/073152 (1) describes 2-alkyl-polyisobutenylphenols and their Manich adducts as antioxidants for the stabilization of inanimate organic material against the action of light, oxygen and heat.
  • Materials to be stabilized include fuels such as gasoline, diesel and turbine fuels, as well as lubricant compositions.
  • these 2-alkyl-polyisobutenyl-phenols and their Mannich adducts improve thermal stability and reduce deposits in the turbine's fuel and combustion systems.
  • Tetrahydrobenzoxazines having a benzene nucleus or mixtures thereof with Mannich open adducts are known as additives for fuel and lubricant compositions.
  • WO 01/25293 (2) and WO 01/25294 (3) disclose open-chain Mannich adducts of polyisobutenyl-substituted phenols, formaldehyde and amines and tetrahydrobenzoxazines with longer-chain radicals such as polyisobutene nylresten, which sit as a substituent on the benzene nucleus, as a valve-cleaning and valve-cleaning gasoline gasoline detergents.
  • These tetrahydrobenzoxazines are obtained in accordance with the preparation processes mentioned in (2) and (3) as mixtures with the corresponding open-chain Mannich adducts of the underlying phenol and are also used in the gasoline fuels.
  • WO 07/12580 discloses the use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines as stabilizers, especially as antioxidants for protection against the action of light, oxygen and heat, for inanimate organic material, in particular for mineral oil products and fuels such as turbine fuels.
  • WO 07/099048 (5) discloses the use of polynuclear phenolic compounds having up to 20 benzene nuclei per molecule based on tetrahydrobenzoxazines as stabilizers, especially as antioxidants for protection against the action of light, oxygen and heat inanimate organic material, in particular for mineral oil products and fuels, such as turbine fuels.
  • the free valence of the oxygen atom in the structural element (I) is saturated by a hydrogen atom, so that a free phenolic structure is present.
  • the saturation of the free valence of the oxygen atom can also be effected, for example, by an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl radical or an alkylcarbonyl radical.
  • the saturation of the two free valences of the nitrogen atom in the structural element (I) is usually carried out by hydrogen and / or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl radicals.
  • the structural element (I) can be present as a benzanelated five-, six- or seven-membered heterocyclic ring, in which case the structural element (I) has, for example, the structure of a dihydrobenzisoxazole, a tetrahydrobenzoxazine or a tetrahydrobenz-1,4-oxazepine.
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention may consist of only one component (A) and only one component (B) or of several components (A) and only one component (B) or of several components (A) and several components (B).
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention can be used alone or in admixture with other compounds having stabilizer and / or antioxidant activity.
  • the mixture according to the invention acts synergistically in the sense of the present invention, because the desired effect of the mixture is unexpectedly stronger than the sum of the individual effects of the components (A) and (B).
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention preferably comprises 10 to 99% by weight, in particular 50 to 95% by weight, especially 65 to 90% by weight of the composition.
  • the proportion of the synergistic mixture according to the invention in the total mixture of all compounds having stabilizer and / or antioxidant action is preferably at least 20% by weight, in particular at least 50 wt .-%, especially at least 70 wt .-%.
  • the compounds having at least one structural element of the formula (I) of components (A) are usually low molecular weight, oligomeric or polymeric organic compounds having a number average molecular weight M n of generally not more than 100,000, in particular not more than 50,000, especially not more than 25,000.
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention comprises as component (A) at least one compound having at least one structural element of the formula (Ia) or (Ib)
  • benzene nucleus in which the benzene nucleus can still carry substituents at one or more of the free positions and the saturation of the free valences on the nitrogen atom takes place as described above.
  • the ortho (aminomethyl) phenol structural element (Ia) of component (A) is usually generated by a Mannich reaction of a phenol or phenol derivative with formaldehyde and ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine.
  • a Mannich reaction of a phenol or phenol derivative with formaldehyde and ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine is usually generated by a Mannich reaction of a phenol or phenol derivative with formaldehyde and ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine.
  • other preparation routes are also possible.
  • the tetrahydrobenzoxazine structural element (Ib) is usually formed by reaction of a phenol or phenol derivative with formaldehyde and ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine using at least the stoichiometrically necessary twice the molar amount of formaldehyde and under suitable reaction conditions.
  • a phenol or phenol derivative with formaldehyde and ammonia, a primary amine or a secondary amine using at least the stoichiometrically necessary twice the molar amount of formaldehyde and under suitable reaction conditions.
  • other preparation routes are also possible.
  • a synergistic mixture comprising as component (A) at least one compound having at least one structural element of the formula (I), (Ia) or (Ib) in which the nitrogen atom or the benzene nucleus at least one hydrocarbyl radical having at least 4, preferably with at least 13, with at least 16, with at least 20, with at least 21, with at least 23, with at least 25, with at least 26 or with at least 30 carbon atoms.
  • a Hydro carbylreste may for example be a polyisobutene.
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention comprises as component (A) at least one Mannich reaction product of the general formula II
  • R 1 is the group NR 6 R 7 , wherein R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl, C 3 - to C 8 -cycloalkyl, C 6 - to Cu -Aryl- and d- to C2o-alkoxy, which may be interrupted and / or substituted by heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen, and phenol radicals of the formula III
  • R 6 and R 7 may also together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a five, six or seven membered ring having one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen and oxygen and / or having one or two or three C 1 to C 6 alkyl radicals may be substituted,
  • the substituent R 4 in formula II and III denotes a terminally bound polyisobutene radical having from 13 to 3,000, in particular from 20 to 2,000, especially from 23 to 1, 150 carbon atoms,
  • the substituents R 2 , R 3 and R 5 in formula II and III independently of one another represent hydrogen, C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl radicals, C 1 - to C 20 -alkoxy radicals, C 2 - to C 4 -ox interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms or groups NR 8 Alkyl radicals, hydroxyl groups, polyalkenyl radicals or groups of the formula -CH 2 NR 6 R 7 , where R 6 and R 7 have the abovementioned meaning and R 8 is hydrogen, C 1 to C 6 alkyl, C 3 to C 8 cycloalkyl or C 6 to C 4 aryl.
  • the said Mannich reaction products II are preferably prepared by reacting polyisobutene-substituted phenols obtainable by alkylation of phenols with highly reactive polyisobutenes, either (i) with formaldehyde or oligo- or polymers of formaldehyde in the presence of a secondary amine or (ii) reacting with an adduct of at least one amine on formaldehyde, another formaldehyde source or a formaldehyde equivalent.
  • those Mannich reaction products II are preferably prepared in which R 6 and R 7 are not simultaneously hydrogen.
  • Highly reactive polyisobutenes are to be understood here as meaning those which have a proportion of ⁇ - and ⁇ -containing vinylidene double bonds of at least 50 mol%, preferably of at least 60 mol%, in particular of at least 80 mol%, especially of at least 85 Mole%, based on the polyisobutene macromolecules.
  • These highly reactive polyisobutenes usually have a number average molecular weight of 300 to 15,000 and a polydispersity of less than 3.0.
  • phenols unsubstituted phenol or substituted phenols, in particular ortho-alkyl-substituted phenols, can be used as starting material. Preference is given to monophenols, but in principle also suitable phenols having 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups on the benzene nucleus.
  • substituents on the phenol nucleus in particular C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl radicals, in particular C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl radicals, C 1 - to C 20 -alkoxy radicals, in particular C 1 - to C 4 -alkoxy radicals, or further polyalkenyl radicals, in particular polyisobutene radicals of described above, occur.
  • Typical examples of such substituted phenols are 2-methylphenol, 2-ethylphenol and 2-tert-butylphenol.
  • the alkylation of phenols with these highly reactive polyisobutenes is preferably carried out in the presence of a conventional kyl istskatalysators Al at a temperature below about 50 0 C.
  • Suitable formaldehyde sources for the reaction to the Mannich reaction product according to route (i) or to the amine adduct according to route (ii) are formalin solution, formaldehyde oligomers such as trioxane and formaldehyde polymers such as paraformaldehyde. Formalin solution and paraformaldehyde are particularly easy to handle. Of course you can also use gaseous formaldehyde.
  • Suitable amines for the reaction to the Mannich reaction product according to route (i) normally have a secondary amino function, no primary amino function and optionally one or more tertiary amino functions, since larger amounts of undesired oligomerization products can occur in the reaction with primary amines.
  • amines having at least one primary amine function or at least one secondary amine function are normally suitable.
  • Preferred radicals for the substituents R 6 and R 7 on the nitrogen atom are, independently of one another, hydrogen, C 1 - to C 5 -alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert. Butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl or 2-ethylhexyl, C 1 to C 4 alkoxy such as methoxy or ethoxy and also cyclohexyl and phenyl.
  • the substituents R 6 and R 7 may together form a five-, six- or seven-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring which, in addition to the nitrogen atom from the group NR 6 R 7 , may contain further nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms; typical examples of such rings are piperidine, piperazine and morpholine.
  • Mannich reaction products of the general formula II are according to the teaching of documents (2) and (3) the Mannich reaction products of 4-polyisobutylphenols having a number average molecular weight of the polyisobutyl rest of 500 to 2300 with (path i) formaldehyde and morpholine, di [3- (dimethylamino) -n-propyl] -amine, tetramethylmethylenediamine or dimethylamine or (route ii) with an adduct of formaldehyde and 3- (dimethylamino) -n-propylamine or tert-butylamine.
  • the inventive synergistic mixture comprises as component (A) at least one tetrahydrobenzoxazine of the general formula IV
  • substituent R 9 denotes a hydrocarbyl radical having 1 to 3000 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms from the group O and S and / or by one or more groupings NR 14 ,
  • R 14 denotes a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 4 alkyl radical
  • R 10 , R 11 , R 12 and R 13 independently of one another represent hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals each having 1 to 3000 carbon atoms which are represented by one or more heteroatoms from the group O and S and / or by one or more groupings NR 14 may be interrupted, where R 14 has the abovementioned meaning,
  • substituents R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 13 have the abovementioned meanings and the substituent X denotes a hydrocarbon bridge member which consists of one or more isobutene units or contains one or more isobutene units, or
  • substituents R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 13 have the abovementioned meanings and the substituents R 17 and R 18 may be identical or different and denote hydrogen or a C 1 - to C 10 -alkyl radical,
  • R 15 and R 16 independently of one another are hydrocarbyl radicals each having 1 to 3000 carbon atoms, which may be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms from the group O and S and / or by one or more groupings NR 14 ,
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 15 or R 16 has 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the other substituents from the group R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 15 and R 16 when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • the structural peculiarity of the tetrahydrobenzoxazines of the general formula IV is that they contain at least one longer-chain hydrocarbyl radical having 4 to 3000 carbon atoms as one of the substituents R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 15 or R 16 either on Benzene nucleus or on an oxazine ring.
  • this longer-chain hydrocarbyl radical having from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms is a polyisobutenyl radical.
  • Said long-chain hydrocarbyl group may indicate loading in a further preferred embodiment, a Ci6- to C 2 o alkyl or alkenyl group.
  • this relatively long sitting hydrocarbyl radical which is preferably a polyisobutenyl group or a Ci6- to C 2 o alkyl or alkenyl radical of an oxazine ring, that is, it occurs as a substituent R 9 or R 15 or R 16.
  • this relatively long hydrocarbyl radical which is preferably a polyisobutenyl group or a Ci6- to C 2 o alkyl or alkenyl radical, and the benzene nucleus as a substituent R 10 or R 12th
  • This longer-chain hydrocarbyl radical which is preferably a polyisobutenyl radical or a
  • Ci6- to C 2 o-alkyl or alkenyl radical preferably comprises 16 to 3000, especially 20 to 1000, especially 25 to 500, most preferably 30 to 250 carbon atoms.
  • these number average molecular weights M n of 200 to 40,000, preferably 500 to 15,000, in particular 700 to 7,000, especially 900 to 3000, most preferably 900 to 1 100 on.
  • Ci6- to C 2 o alkyl or alkenyl radicals may conveniently be the residues of corresponding gestreliten or unsaturated fatty alcohols having 16 to 20 carbon atoms are suitable.
  • n-hexadecyl (palmityl), n-octadecyl (stearyl), n-eicosyl, oleyl, linolyl and linolenyl are mentioned here, which according to their natural occurrence usually occur as technical mixtures with one another.
  • Said longer-chain hydrocarbyl radical having 4 to 3000 carbon atoms may also be present in the tetrahydrobenzoxazines IV more than once, for example twice or three times.
  • This longer-chain hydrocarbyl radical which is preferably a polyisobutyl radical and / or a C 16- to C 20 -alkyl or alkenyl radical, occurs, for example, as a substituent R 9 and R 12 or R 9 and R 15 in the case of double occurrence.
  • one or two polyisobutenyl radicals having a number average molecular weight M n of from 200 to 40,000 occur in the molecule as substituent R 9 and / or R 10 and / or R 12 and / or R 15 and / or R 16 .
  • the remaining substituents from the group R 9, R 10, R 11, R 12, R 13, R 15 and R 16, which are not n substituents having from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms or polyisobutenyl radicals having a number-average molecular weights M are 200-40000 , independently of one another denote hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, usually shorter-chain hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, especially 1 to 8 carbon atoms, very particularly preferably linear or branched C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals.
  • Typical examples of the latter are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
  • Methyl radicals and tert-butyl radicals are very particularly preferred here.
  • Preferred tetrahydrobenzoxazines IV are also those in which the substituents R 10 and / or R 12 , when they are shorter-chain hydrocarbyl radicals, linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyl radicals, in particular methyl radicals and / or tert-butyl radicals designate.
  • substituents R 10 and / or R 12 when they are shorter-chain hydrocarbyl radicals, linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyl radicals, in particular methyl radicals and / or tert-butyl radicals designate.
  • substitution patterns are only suitable for tetrahydrobenzoxines I with a total of one or two tetrahydrooxazine ring systems.
  • the substituent X denotes a hydrocarbon bridge member which consists of one or more, preferably 4 to 800, in particular 10 to 300, especially 12 to 100 isobutene units or one or more, preferably 4 to 800 , in particular 10 to 300, especially 12 to 100 isobutene units. If X consists of isobutene units, the linkage usually takes place via the ⁇ - and the ⁇ -carbon atom.
  • X contains further hydrocarbon units
  • these are preferably initiator molecule units arranged in the center, such as aromatic ring systems, for example o-, m- or p-phenylene units, and / or hydrocarbon units with functional groups for linking, for example o-, m- or p-hydroxyphenyl groups, as bilateral chain termination.
  • aromatic ring systems for example o-, m- or p-phenylene units
  • hydrocarbon units with functional groups for linking for example o-, m- or p-hydroxyphenyl groups
  • the substituents R 17 and R 18 are preferably hydrogen and / or linear or branched C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, in particular methyl radicals.
  • compounds I having a radical Z and compounds I having the corresponding radical Z ' can also be present as mixtures.
  • Hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 3000 or from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms for the substituents R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 15 and R 16 are to be understood as meaning pure hydrocarbon radicals of any structure which, by definition, are also represented by a or more heteroatoms from the group O and S and / or may be interrupted by one or more groups NR 6 .
  • hydrocarbyl radicals are alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, alkenylaryl or arylalkyl radicals.
  • hydrocarbyl radicals are also meant in which the groups NR 14 are formally inserted in a CH bond at the end, that is to say, for example, substituents R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 15 or R 16 with a Nhb end group.
  • Such hydrocarbyl radicals are derived, for example, from polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, etc., in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is the N atom in the oxazine ring.
  • tetrahydrobenzoxazines IV having a tetrahydrooxazine ring on the benzene nucleus which are typical in the context of the present invention are the following, where "PIB” is a polyisobutenyl radical derived from a highly reactive polyisobutene (M n 1000) and "PIB * " is a highly reactive polyisobutene (M n 870) derived polyisobutenyl bridge member:
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention comprises as component (A) at least one polynuclear phenolic compounds having up to 20 benzene nuclei per molecule, which by reacting a tetrahydrobenzoxazine of the general formula XXVI
  • substituent R 19 denotes a hydrocarbyl radical having 1 to 3000 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms from the group O and S and / or by one or more groupings NR 24 ,
  • R 24 denotes a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 4 alkyl radical
  • substituents R 25 , R 26 , R 27 and R 28 independently of one another represent hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals each having 1 to 3000 carbon atoms, which are represented by one or more heteroatoms from the group O and S and / or by one or more several groups NR 24 may be interrupted, wherein R 24 has the abovementioned meaning,
  • the substituent R 25 may also be a radical derived from a tetrahydrobenzoxazine of the general formula XXVI
  • the substituent R 33 is hydrogen or a radical derived from a tetrahydrobenzoxazine of the general formula XXVI
  • the substituents R 29 and R 30 may be identical or different and denote hydrogen or a C 1 to C 10 alkyl radical
  • R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 31 or R 32 has 13 to 3000 carbon atoms and the other substituents from the group R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 31 or R 32 , when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
  • polynuclear phenolic compounds have at least one longer chain hydrocarbyl radical having 13 to 3000 carbon atoms as one of the substituents R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 31 or R 32 , which originate from the tetrahydrobenzoxazines used XXVI or phenols XXVII contain.
  • this long-chain hydrocarbyl radical having from 13 to 3000 carbon atoms is a polyisobutenyl radical.
  • Said longer-chain hydrocarbyl radical can be used in a further embodiment also a Ci ⁇ - to C2o-alkyl or alkenyl radical.
  • this relatively long-chain hydrocarbyl radical which is preferably a polyisobutenyl radical, is attached to an oxazine ring or to a benzene nucleus in ortho or preferably para-position to the phenolic hydroxyl group, ie it occurs as substituent R 19 or R 20 or R 22 or R 25 or R 27 or R 31 or R 32 .
  • This longer-chain hydrocarbyl radical which is preferably a polyisobutenyl radical, preferably comprises 21 to 3000 or preferably 21 to 1000, in particular 26 to 3000 or in particular 26 to 500, especially 30 to 3000 or especially 30 to 250 carbon atoms.
  • these number average molecular weights M n of 183 to 42,000, preferably 500 to 15,000, in particular 700 to 7,000, especially 900 to 3000, most preferably 900 to 1 100 on.
  • Suitable C 16- to C 20 -alkyl or -alkenyl radicals are expediently the radicals of corresponding saturated or unsaturated fatty alcohols having 16 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • n-hexadecyl (palmityl), n-octadecyl (stearyl), n-eicosyl, oleyl, linolyl and linolenyl are mentioned here, which according to their natural occurrence usually occur as technical mixtures with one another.
  • Said longer-chain hydrocarbyl radical having from 13 to 3000 carbon atoms may also be present in said polynuclear phenolic compounds several times, for example twice or three times.
  • one or two polyisobutenyl radicals having a respective number average molecular weight M n of from 183 to 42,000 in the molecule occur as substituent R 19 and / or R 20 and / or R 22 and / or R 25 and / or R 27 and /. or R 31 and / or R 32 .
  • Typical examples of the latter are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
  • Methyl radicals and tert-butyl radicals are very particularly preferred here.
  • Preferred phenolic compounds are also those in which the substituents R 20 and / or R 22 and / or R 25 and / or R 27 deriving from the tetrahydrobenzoxazines XXVI or phenols XXVII used, when they are short-chain hydrocarbyl radicals, are linear or branched d - Denote C4-alkyl radicals, in particular methylres- and / or tert-butyl radicals. Of course, such substitution patterns are only suitable for tetrahydrobenzoxazines XXVI with a total of one or two tetrahydrooxazine ring systems.
  • the substituents R 29 and R 30 are preferably hydrogen and / or linear or branched C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, in particular methyl radicals.
  • compounds XXVI having a radical Z "and compounds XXVI having the corresponding radical Z '" can also be present as mixtures.
  • Hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to 3000 or 13 to 3000 carbon atoms for the substituents R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 31 and R 32 are intended to be pure here Hydrocarbon radicals of any structure are understood that by definition can also be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms from the group O and S and / or by one or more groups NR 24 .
  • a typical hydrocarbyl radical interrupted by an NR 6 moiety is derived from 3- (dimethylamino) propylamine.
  • hydrocarbyl radicals are alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, alkenylaryl or arylalkyl radicals.
  • radicals are also meant in which the groupings NR 24 are formally inserted in a CH bond at the end, that is to say, for example, substituents R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 31 or R 32 with an NH 2 end group.
  • Such hydrocarbyl radicals are derived, for example, from polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetra-ethylenepentamine, etc., in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is the N atom in the oxazine ring.
  • alkyl embraces straight-chain and branched alkyl groups for the abovementioned compounds.
  • alkyl groups are, in addition to the above-mentioned methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl radicals, in particular also n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 2- Methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1, 2-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,1-dimethyl-butyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethyl
  • alkenyl radicals for the abovementioned compounds are vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, oleyl, linolyl and linolenyl.
  • Cylcoalkylreste for the aforementioned compounds are Cs to C7 cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, which may be substituted by alkyl groups, such as methyl radicals.
  • alkyl groups such as methyl radicals.
  • aryl includes mononuclear, binuclear, trinuclear and higher nuclear aromatic hydrocarbon radicals for the aforementioned compounds. In the case of a substitution by the abovementioned alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals into alkylaryl or alkenylaryl radicals, these aryl radicals may also carry 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3 substituents.
  • Typical examples are phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, mesityl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, naphthacenyl and styrene.
  • a typical example of an arylalkyl radical is benzyl.
  • the longer-chain hydrocarbyl radical having from 4 to 3,000 or having from 13 to 3,000 carbon atoms is a polyisobutenyl radical
  • it can in principle be based on any conventional and commercially available polyisobutene which is introduced in a suitable manner into the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzoxazines IV or of said polynuclear phenolic compounds ,
  • Such a polyisobutene has a number average molecular weight M n of at least 183 or 200.
  • polyisobutenes having a number average molecular weight M n in the range from 200 to 40,000 or from 183 to 42,000, particularly preferably from 500 to 15,000, in particular from 700 to 7,000, in particular from 800 to 5000, especially from 900 to 3000 and very particularly preferably from 900 to 1 100.
  • polyisobutene also includes oligomeric isobutenes such as dimeric, trimeric, tetrameric, pentameric, hexameric and heptameric isobutene.
  • the polyisobutenyl radicals incorporated in the abovementioned compounds are derived from so-called "reactive" polyisobutene.
  • "Highly reactive" polyisobutenes differ from the "low-reactivity" polyisobutenes in the content of terminal double bonds.
  • highly reactive polyisobutenes contain at least 50 mol% terminal double bonds, based on the total number of polyisobutene macromolecules.
  • the substantially homopolymeric polyisobutenyl radicals have uniform polymer skeletons.
  • these are understood to mean those polyisobutene systems which contain at least 85% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight and more preferably at least 95% by weight, of isobutene units of the repeat unit [-CH 2 C ( CH3) 2-] are constructed.
  • a further preferred feature of the polyisobutenes which may underlie the tetrahydrobenzoxazines IV or the multinuclear phenolic compounds is that they contain at least 15% by weight, in particular at least 50% by weight, especially at least 80% by weight .-% with a tert-butyl group [-CH 2 C (CH 3) 3] are terminated.
  • the tetrahydrobenzoxazines XXVI or phenols XXVII preferably polyisobutenes used as the starting material for the tetrahydrobenzoxazines IV or the polynuclear phenolic compounds mentioned preferably have a polydispersity index (PDI) of from 1:05 to 10, preferably from 1 , 05 to 3.0, especially from 1.05 to 2.0.
  • the average polydispersity index PDI for the polyisobutenyl radicals in the said polynuclear phenolic compounds is at most 5 times, preferably at most 3 times, in particular at most 2 times, especially at most 1, 5 times, the average polydispersity index PDI for the polyisobutenyl radicals in the underlying tetrahydrobenzoxazines XXVI and / or phenols XXVII.
  • polyisobutene which is preferably used as the basis for the abovementioned compounds also includes all polymers obtainable by cationic polymerization, which preferably contain at least 60% by weight of isobutene, more preferably at least 80% by weight, especially at least 90% Wt .-% and in particular at least 95 wt .-% of isobutene in copolymerized form.
  • the polyisobutenes may contain further butene isomers, such as 1- or 2-butene, as well as various olefinically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with isobutene under cationic polymerization conditions in copolymerized form.
  • C4 cuts from the isobutene are accordingly suitable -Dehydrogenation, C4 Slices from Steam Crackers, FCC Crackers (FCC: Fluid Catalyzed Cracking) provided that they are substantially free of 1,3-butadiene contained therein.
  • Particularly suitable C4 hydrocarbon streams generally contain less than 500 ppm, preferably less than 200 ppm of butadiene.
  • vinylaromatics such as styrene and .alpha.-methylstyrene, C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkylstyrenes such as 2-, 3- and 4-methylstyrene, and 4-tert-butylstyrene, isoolefins having 5 to 10 carbon atoms such as 2 Methylbutene-1, 2-methylpentene-1, 2-methylhexene-1, 2-ethylpentene-1, 2-ethylhexene-1 and 2-propylheptene-1 into consideration.
  • Typical polyisobutenes which can serve as a basis for the abovementioned compounds are, for example, the Glissopal® grades from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, eg. Glissopal 550, Glissopal 1000 and Glissopal 2300, as well as the Oppanol® brands of BASF Aktiengesellschaft, eg Oppanol B10, B12 and B15.
  • polyisobutenyl radicals those which are derived from oligomers or polymers of C 2 - to C 12 -olefins and have on average from 13 to 3000 carbon atoms can also be used as relatively long-chain hydrocarbyl radicals for the tetrahydrobenzoxazine IV or said polynuclear phenolic compounds.
  • Such mostly polydisperse hydrocarbyl radicals with a polymeric distribution are, for example, those derived from ethylene, propylene, butene, styrene, methylstyrene, hexene-1, octene-1, decene-1 or dodecene-1. They can be homo- or copolymer residues.
  • Their number average molecular weight M n is at least 183, their polydispersity index PDI usually 1, 05 to 10. In the case of low molecular weight radicals with M n from 183 to about 500, they can also be monodisperse.
  • said polynuclear phenolic compounds have an average molecular weight M n of from 41 to 25,000.
  • the molecular weight M n of 411 represents the smallest representatives of the polynuclear phenolic compounds in the context of the present invention, namely bis (ortho or para-hydroxybenzyl) tridecylamine.
  • Particularly preferred ranges for M n are 523 to 25,000 or 523 to 17,000, especially 593 to 25,000 or 593 to 10,000, especially 649 to 25,000 or 649 to 5000.
  • polynuclear phenolic compounds typical of the present invention are the following, where "PIB” denotes a polyisobutenyl radical derived from a highly reactive polyisobutene (M n 1000):
  • the sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant activity of the components (B) are usually low molecular weight or oligomeric organic compounds having a number average molecular weight M n of usually a maximum of 2500, in particular a maximum of 1200, especially a maximum of 750.
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention comprises as component (B) at least one organic compound having at least one grouping - (S) x -, in particular having one or two groups - (S) x -, in which x is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5, especially for the number 1 or 2, stands.
  • the groupings - (S) x - are preferably bonded either on both sides to carbon atoms of organic radicals and / or to a carbon atom of an organic radical and a hydrogen atom.
  • These organic compounds are usually mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides or polysulfides; they may be aliphatic or aromatic or heterocyclic ring systems.
  • Typical representatives of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant activity as component (B) are the following:
  • thioglycols such as monothioethylene glycol
  • Longer-chain dialkyl sulfides in particular di-C 4 - to C 30 -alkyl sulfides, especially di-C 1 - to C 18 -alkyl disulfides such as di-n-octyl sulfide, di-n-decyl sulfide, di-n-dodecyl sulfide,
  • dialkyl disulphides in particular di-C 4 - to C 30 -alkyl disulphides, especially di-C 1 - to cis-alkyl disulphides such as di-n-octyl disulphide, di-n-decyl disulphide, di-n-dodecyl disulphide, di-n- tetradecyl disulfide, di-n-hexadecyl disulfide and di-n-octadecyl disulfide
  • Di- (C 4 -C 30 -alkyl) -3,3'-thiopropionates in particular di- (C 1 -C 18 -alkyl) -3,3'-thiopropionates, such as di-n-octyl-3,3'- thiopropionate, di-n-decyl-3,3'-thiopropionate, di-n-dodecyl-3,3'-thiopropionate, di-n-tetradecyl-3,3'-thiopropionate, di-n-hexadecyl-3,3 '-thiopropionate and di-n-octadecyl-3,3'-thiopropionate
  • Tetrakis [methylene-2- (C 4 -C 30 -alkylthio) propionate] -methanes in particular tetrakis [methylene-2- (C 8 -C 18 -alkylthio) propionate] -methanes such as tetrakis [methylene-2] (laurylthio) propionate] methane
  • C 4 to C 30 -alkyl thiopropylamides especially C 1 to ds-alkylthiopropylamides such as stearylthiopropylamide
  • hydroxyl-containing diaryl sulfides in particular hydroxyl-containing diphenyl sulfides, such as 4,4'-thio-bis (2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis (6-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol) and 4,4'-thio-bis (2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol)
  • Zinc salts of dialkyldithiocarbamic acids such as the zinc salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid
  • Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates such as zinc di (4-methylpentyl) -2-dithiophosphonate
  • Reaction products of terpenes ( ⁇ -pinene), resin oils or low molecular weight polybutenes with sulfur or thiophenol for example the reaction products of polyisobutenes with elemental sulfur to polyisobutyl-substituted sulfur-containing five-membered heterocycles or with thiophenol to phenyl-polyisobutylsulfide
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material against the action of light, oxygen and heat.
  • This is to be understood in particular as their mode of action as an antioxidant system in the conventional sense.
  • antioxidant systems in the conventional sense are intended to prevent the storage of inanimate organic material - such as a fuel or a mineral oil product - in the presence of ubiquitous oxygen under the influence of light and / or heat reactive oxidation products, in particular reactive peroxides, form, once, with decomposition (autoxidation) of the material to unwanted by-products and / or impurities - in the case of fuels, for example, harmful resinous or sticky or harmful hard or paint-like precipitates ("gum" - education) - lead to another Damage to surrounding materials such as packaging, components or devices - in the case of fuels such as damage or embrittlement of seals or similar components in the engine - can cause.
  • the syngergistic mixture according to the invention is incorporated into the material to be stabilized during or after its preparation and distributed as homogeneously as possible.
  • concentration of the synergistic mixture according to the invention in the organic material to be stabilized is generally from 0.0001 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.01 to 2% by weight, in particular 0, 05 to 1 wt .-% or in particular 0.01 to 0.05 wt .-%, each based on the organic material.
  • inanimate organic material are meant, for example, cosmetic preparations such as ointments and lotions, pharmaceutical formulations such as pills and suppositories, photographic recording materials, in particular photographic emulsions, paints and plastics.
  • cosmetic preparations such as ointments and lotions
  • pharmaceutical formulations such as pills and suppositories
  • photographic recording materials in particular photographic emulsions, paints and plastics.
  • petroleum products and fuels e.g. Diesel fuel, gasoline, turbine fuel, engine oils, lubricating oils, gear oils and greases.
  • plastics which can be stabilized by the synergistic mixture according to the invention mention may be made, for example: Polymers of monoolefins or diolefins, such as low or high density polyethylene, polypropylene, linear polybutene-1, polyisoprene, polybutadiene and copolymers of monoolefins or diolefins or mixtures of said polymers;
  • Polystyrene and copolymers of styrene or ⁇ -methylstyrene with dienes and / or acrylic derivatives e.g. Styrene-butadiene, styrene-acrylate (SAN), styrene-ethyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene-ethyl acrylate, styrene-acrylonitrile-methacrylate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS); halogen-containing polymers, e.g. Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride and their copolymers;
  • Polymers derived from ⁇ , ß-unsaturated acids and their derivatives such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyacrylamides and polyacrylonitriles;
  • Polymers which are derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or from their acyl derivatives or acetals, e.g. Polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate;
  • Polyurethanes in particular thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyamides, polyureas, polyphenylene ethers, polyesters, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyethersulfones and polyether ketones.
  • the paints that can be stabilized with the synergistic mixture according to the invention include, inter alia, lacquers such as alkyd resin lacquers, dispersion lacquers, epoxy resin lacquers, polyurethane lacquers, acrylic resin lacquers and cellulose nitrate lacquers, or lacquers such as wood preserving lacquers.
  • lacquers such as alkyd resin lacquers, dispersion lacquers, epoxy resin lacquers, polyurethane lacquers, acrylic resin lacquers and cellulose nitrate lacquers, or lacquers such as wood preserving lacquers.
  • Another object of the present invention is inanimate organic material containing at least one synergistic mixture according to the invention.
  • a preferred subject of the present invention is a fuel composition which contains a fuel and at least one synergistic mixture according to the invention.
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention is particularly advantageously suitable as a stabilizer in turbine fuels (jet fuels).
  • This also means their mode of action as an antioxidant system in the conventional sense.
  • it serves via its mode of action as a stabilizer for improving the thermal stability of turbine fuels.
  • it also prevents, in particular via its mode of action as a stabilizer, ie in its capacity as a dispersant, deposits in the fuel system and / or combustion system of turbines.
  • Turbine fuels are mainly used to operate aircraft turbines.
  • Another object of the present invention is a turbine fuel composition containing a jet fuel and at least one synergistic mixture according to the invention.
  • the turbine fuel composition of the invention contains a major amount of liquid turbine fuel, such as turbine fuel common in civil or military aviation. These include, for example, fuels named Jet Fuel A, Jet Fuel A-1, Jet Fuel B, Jet Fuel JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, JP-8 and JP-8 + 100. Jet A and Jet A-1 are commercially available turbine fuel specifications based on kerosene. The associated standards are
  • Jet B is a further cut fuel based on naphtha and kerosene fractions.
  • JP-4 is equivalent to Jet B.
  • JP-5, JP-7, JP-8 and JP-8 + 100 are military turbine fuels, such as those used by the Navy and Air Force. In part, these standards refer to formulations which already contain other additives, such as corrosion inhibitors, anti-icing agents, static dissipators, etc.
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention can be added to the turbine fuel or the turbine fuel composition in combination with other additives known per se.
  • Suitable additives which may be included in the turbine fuel composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, detergents, corrosion inhibitors, sulfur-free antioxidants such as hindered tert-butylphenols, N-butylphenylenediamines or N, N'-diphenylamine and derivatives thereof, metal deactivators such as N, N '.
  • Preferred additives in the context of the present invention are the following specific classes of compounds (C), (D) and (E):
  • Preferred additives (C) are derived from succinic anhydride compounds with long-chain hydrocarbon radicals having usually 15 to 700, especially 30 to 200 carbon atoms. These compounds may have further functional groups which are preferably selected from hydroxy, amino, amido and / or imido groups. Preferred additives are the corresponding derivatives of polyalkenyl succinic anhydride, which z. Example, by reaction of polyalkenes with maleic anhydride by thermal means or via the chlorinated hydrocarbons are available.
  • the number-average molecular weight of the long-chain hydrocarbon radicals is preferably in a range from about 200 to 10,000, particularly preferably 400 to 5000, in particular 600 to 3000 and especially 650 to 2000.
  • these long-chain hydrocarbon radicals are derived from conventional and in particular from the aforementioned reactive Polyisobutenes from.
  • additives (C) are the derivatives of polyalkenylsuccinic anhydrides with ammonia, monoamines, polyamines, monoalcohols and polyols.
  • Polyamines preferred for derivatization include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, propylenediamine, etc.
  • Suitable alcohols include monohydric alcohols, such as ethanol, allyl alcohol, dodecanol and benzyl alcohol, polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 2-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, erythritol, pentaerythritol, mannitol and sorbitol.
  • Succinic anhydride derivatives (C) suitable as additives are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,522,179, 4,234,435, 4,849,572, 4,904,401, 5,569,644 and 6,165,235.
  • Preferred additives (D) are polyalkenyl thiophosphonate esters.
  • the polyalkenyl radical of these esters preferably has a number average molecular weight in the range from about 300 to 5000, particularly preferably 400 to 2000 and in particular 500 to 1500.
  • the polyalkenyl radical is preferably derived from polyolefins, as described above for the component (C) as a long-chain hydrocarbon radical. These are in particular polyalkenyl radicals which are derived from conventional or reactive polyisobutenes.
  • Suitable processes for the preparation of suitable polyalkenyl thiophosphonate esters by reacting a polyolefin with a thiophosphorylating agent are e.g. For example, in US 5,725 61 1 described.
  • Preferred additives (E) are further Mannich adducts which differ from the Mannich reaction products of the general formula II which are to be used in the context of the present invention.
  • Such adducts are obtained in principle by Mannich reaction of aromatic hydroxyl compounds, in particular phenol and phenol derivatives, with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines.
  • it is the reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine.
  • the turbine fuel composition according to the invention contains the synergistic composition according to the invention in an amount of usually 0.0001 to 1 wt .-%, preferably 0.001 to 0.5 wt .-%, in particular 0.01 to 0.2 wt .-%, especially 0 , 01 to 0.1 wt .-%, most preferably 0.01 to 0.05 wt .-%, each based on the total amount of the turbine fuel composition.
  • the additives (C) to (E) and, if appropriate, further of the abovementioned additives can usually each be used in amounts of from 0.0001 to 1% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 0.6% by weight and in particular from 0.0015 to 0 , 4 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the turbine fuel composition can be used.
  • Another object of the present invention is an additive concentrate for turbine fuels (jet fuels), which contains at least one synergistic mixture according to the invention and optionally at least one diluent and optionally at least one further additive, which is preferably selected from those described above.
  • the inventive additive concentrate as well as the turbine fuel composition according to the invention, contains one or more additives from the group (C), (D) and (E), in particular also mixtures thereof, such as (C) + (D), And (C) + (D) + (E).
  • Suitable diluents are, for example, fractions obtained in petroleum processing, such as kerosene, naphtha or mineral base oils. Also suitable are aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as Solvent Naphtha heavy, Solvesso ® or Shellsol ®, as well as mixtures of these solvents and diluents.
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention is preferably in the additive concentrate according to the invention in an amount of 0.1 to 100 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 1 to 80 wt .-% and in particular from 10 to 70 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the concentrate , in front.
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention is furthermore advantageously suitable as a stabilizer in gasoline fuels and in middle distillate fuels, in particular in diesel fuel and heating oil.
  • This also means their mode of action as an antioxidant system in the conventional sense.
  • they serve via their mode of action as a stabilizer for improving the thermal stability of petrol and middle distillate fuels.
  • they also prevent their action as a stabilizer, i. in their capacity as dispersant, deposits in the fuel system and / or combustion system of gasoline or diesel engines.
  • gasoline fuels are all commercially available gasoline fuel compositions into consideration.
  • a typical representative here is the market-standard basic fuel of Eurosuper according to EN 228.
  • gasoline compositions of the specification according to WO 00/47698 are also possible fields of use for the present invention.
  • Diesel fuels are usually petroleum raffinates, which generally have a boiling range of 100 to 400 ° C. These are mostly distillates with a 95% point up to 360 0 C or even beyond. However, these may also be so-called “ultra low sulfur diesel” or "city diesel", characterized by a 95% point of, for example, a maximum of 345 ° C and a maximum sulfur content of 0.005 wt .-% or by a 95% point of at - For example, 285 ° C and a maximum sulfur content of 0.001 wt .-%.
  • diesel fuels whose main constituents are longer-chained paraffins, are those produced by coal gasification or gas liquefaction (for example by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) ["gas to liquid” (GTL) fuels] or biomass ["biomass to liquid” (BTL) fuels] are available. Also suitable are mixtures of the abovementioned diesel fuels with regenerative fuels such as biodiesel.
  • regenerative fuels such as biodiesel.
  • Diesel fuels can also contain water, for example in an amount of up to 20% by weight, for example in the form of diesel-water microemulsions or as so-called "white diesel".
  • fuel oils are low-sulfur or high-sulfur petroleum refines or stearic or lignite distillates, which usually have a boiling range of from 150 to 400 ° C.
  • Heating oils may be standard heating oil in accordance with DIN 51603-1, which has a sulfur content of 0.005 to 0.2% by weight, or are low-sulfur heating oils with a sulfur content of 0 to 0.005% by weight. %.
  • heating oil is especially called heating oil for domestic oil firing systems or fuel oil EL.
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention can be either the respective base fuel, in particular the gasoline or diesel fuel, alone or in the form of fuel additive packages, e.g. the so-called diesel performance packages are added.
  • fuel additive packages are fuel additive concentrates and usually contain, in addition to solvents, a number of other components as coadditive, for example carrier oils, cold flow improvers, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, dehazers, defoamers, cetane number improvers, combustion improvers, further antioxidants or stabilizers, antistatics, Metallocenes, metal deactivators, solubilizers, markers and / or dyes.
  • the additized gasoline or diesel fuel comprises in addition to the synergistic mixture according to the invention as further fuel additives in particular at least one detergent, hereinafter referred to as component (F).
  • Detergents or detergent additives (F) are commonly referred to as fuel deposit inhibitors.
  • the detergents are preferably amphiphilic substances which have at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical having a number-average molecular weight (M n ) of from 85 to 20,000, in particular from 300 to 5,000, in particular from 500 to 2,500, and at least one polar group is selected under Fa) mono- or polyamino groups having up to 6 nitrogen atoms, at least one nitrogen atom having basic properties;
  • the hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical in the above detergent additives which provides sufficient solubility in the fuel oil composition has a number average molecular weight (M n ) of from 85 to 20,000, especially from 300 to 5,000, especially from 500 to 2,500
  • ammonia mono amines or polyamines, such as dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine, are used.
  • Corresponding additives based on polypropene are described in particular in WO-A-94/24231.
  • these reaction products are mixtures of pure nitropolyisobutenes (for example ⁇ , ⁇ -dinitropolyisobutene) and mixed hydroxynitropolyisobutenes (for example ⁇ -nitro- ⁇ -hydroxy-polyisobutene).
  • Carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts (Fd) -containing additives are preferably copolymers of C 2 -C 4 olefins with maleic anhydride having a total molecular weight of 500 to 20,000, their carboxyl groups wholly or partially to the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and a remaining group of the carboxyl groups reacted with alcohols or amines.
  • Such additives are known in particular from EP-A-307 815.
  • Such additives are mainly used to prevent valve seat wear and, as described in WO-A-87/01126, can be advantageously used in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) butenamines or polyetheramines.
  • Sulphonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts (Fe) -containing additives are preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of a sulfosuccinic acid alkyl ester, as described in particular in EP-A-639 632.
  • Such additives are primarily used to prevent valve seat wear and can be used to advantage in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) butenamines or polyetheramines.
  • Polyoxy-C2-C4-alkylene (Ff) containing additives are preferably polyether or polyetheramines, which by reaction of C2-C6o-alkanols, C6-C3o-alkanediols, mono- or di-C2-C3o-alkylamines, Ci-C3o -Alkylcyclohexanolen or Ci-C3o-alkylphenols with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of polyether amines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines are available.
  • Such products are described in particular in EP-A-310 875, EP-A-356 725, EP-A-700 985 and US-A-4 877 416.
  • polyethers such products also meet carrier oil properties. Typical examples of these are tridecanol or Isotridecanolbutoxylate, Isononylphenolbutoxyl- late and Polyisobutenolbutoxylate and propoxylates and the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
  • Carboxylic ester groups (Fg) containing additives are preferably esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, in particular those having a minimum viscosity of 2 mm 2 / s at 100 0 C, as described in particular in DE-A-38 38 918 are described.
  • mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids it is possible to use aliphatic or aromatic acids, especially suitable ester alcohols or polyols are long-chain representatives having, for example, 6 to 24 C atoms.
  • esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of iso-octanol, iso-nonanol, iso-decanol and of isotridecanol. Such products also meet carrier oil properties.
  • derivatives with aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine.
  • the groups having hydroxyl and / or amino and / or amido and / or imido groups are, for example, carboxylic acid groups, acid amides of monoamines, acid amides of diamines or polyamines which, in addition to the amide function, still have free amine groups, succinic acid derivatives with a Acid and an amide function, carboximides with monoamines NEN, carboxylic acid imides with di- or polyamines, which in addition to the imide function still have free amine groups, or diimides, which are formed by the reaction of di- or polyamines with two succinic acid derivatives.
  • Such fuel additives are more particularly described in US-A-4,849,572.
  • the detergent additives from the group (Fh) are preferably the reaction products of alkyl- or alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydrides, in particular of polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides, with amines and / or alcohols. These are thus derived from alkyl, alkenyl or polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derivatives with amino and / or amido and / or imido and / or hydroxyl groups. It goes without saying that these reaction products are obtainable not only when substituted succinic anhydride is used, but also when substituted succinic acid or suitable acid derivatives such as succinic acid halides or esters are used.
  • the additized fuel comprises at least one detergent based on a polyisobutyl-substituted succinimide.
  • a polyisobutyl-substituted succinimide is the imides with aliphatic polyamines.
  • Particularly preferred polyamines are ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, pentaethylenehexamine and above all tetraethylenepentamine.
  • the polyisobutenyl radical has a number average molecular weight M n of preferably 500 to 5000, particularly preferably 500 to 2000 and in particular about 1000.
  • Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines generated moieties containing (Fi) additives are preferably reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine.
  • Such "polyisobutene-Mannich bases" are described in particular in EP-A-831 141.
  • said detergent additives (F) are used together with the synergistic mixture according to the invention in combination with at least one carrier oil.
  • Suitable mineral carrier oils are fractions obtained in petroleum processing, such as bright stock or base oils with viscosities such as from class SN 500-2000; but also aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffinic hydrocarbons and alkoxyalkanols. Is also useful a as "hydrocrack oil" well-known te and in the refining of mineral oil fraction which is obtained (vacuum distillate cut having a boiling range of about 360-500 0 C, obtainable from at high pressure catalytically hydrogenated and isomerized and also deparaffinized natural mineral oil). Also suitable are mixtures of the abovementioned mineral carrier oils.
  • suitable synthetic carrier oils are selected from: polyolefins (polyalphaolefins or polyinteralalefins), (poly) esters, (poly) alkoxylates, polyethers, aliphatic polyetheramines, alkylphenol-initiated polyethers, alkylphenol-initiated polyetheramines and carboxylic acid esters of long-chain alkanols.
  • suitable polyethers or polyetheramines are preferably compounds containing polyoxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene groups, which are prepared by reacting C 2 -C 6 -alkanols, C 6 -C 50 -alkanediols, mono- or di-C 2 -C 30 -alkylamines, C 1 -C 30 -alkyl - Cyclohexanolen or Ci-C3o-Alkylphenolen with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of polyether amines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, mono amines or polyamines are available.
  • Such products are described in particular in EP-A 310 875, EP-A 356 725, EP-A 700 985 and US-A 4,877,416.
  • polyetheramines poly-C 2 -C 6 -alkylene oxide amines or functional derivatives thereof can be used. Typical examples of these are tridecanol or Isotridecanolbutoxylate, Isononylphenolbutoxylate and Polyisobutenolbutoxylate and propoxylates and the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
  • carboxylic acid esters of long-chain alkanols are in particular esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, as described in particular in DE-A 38 38 918.
  • mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids it is possible to use aliphatic or aromatic acids, especially suitable ester alcohols or polyols are long-chain representatives having, for example, 6 to 24 C atoms.
  • suitable representatives of the esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of isooctanol, isononanol, isodecanol and Isotridecanols, such as.
  • suitable synthetic carrier oils are alcohol-started polyethers with about 5 to 35, such as. B. about 5 to 30, Cs-C ⁇ -alkylene oxide units, such as. B. selected from propylene oxide, n-butylene oxide and i-butylene oxide units, or mixtures thereof.
  • suitable starter alcohols are long-chain alkanols or long-chain alkyl-substituted phenols, where the long-chain alkyl radical is in particular a straight-chain or branched C ⁇ -ds-AlkvIrest.
  • Preferred examples are tridecanol and nonylphenol.
  • suitable synthetic carrier oils are alkoxylated alkylphenols, as described in DE-A 101 02 913.
  • Preferred carrier oils are synthetic carrier oils, with polyethers being particularly preferred.
  • the additive-added fuel is the detergent additive (F) or a mixture of various such detergent additives in a total amount of preferably 10 to 2000 ppm by weight, more preferably 20 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably 50 to 500 ppm by weight and in particular from 50 to 200 ppm by weight, eg from 70 to 150 ppm by weight, added.
  • F detergent additive
  • a mixture of various such detergent additives in a total amount of preferably 10 to 2000 ppm by weight, more preferably 20 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably 50 to 500 ppm by weight and in particular from 50 to 200 ppm by weight, eg from 70 to 150 ppm by weight, added.
  • a carrier oil is used, it is added to the additive fuel according to the invention in an amount of preferably from 1 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 10 to 500 ppm by weight and in particular from 20 to 100 ppm by weight.
  • suitable cold flow improvers are, for example, copolymers of ethylene with at least one further unsaturated monomer, e.g. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
  • Corrosion inhibitors which are suitable as further coadditives are, for example, succinic esters, especially with polyols, fatty acid derivatives, e.g. Oleic acid esters, oligomerized fatty acids and substituted ethanolamines.
  • Demulsifiers suitable as further co-additives are, for example, the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl-substituted phenol and naphthalenesulfonates and the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acid, furthermore alcohol alkoxylates, e.g. Alcohol ethoxylates, phenol alkoxylates, e.g. tertiary butyl phenol ethoxylates or tertiary pentyl phenol ethoxylates, fatty acid, alkyl phenols, condensation products of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, e.g. Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, polyethyleneimines and polysiloxanes.
  • alcohol alkoxylates e.g. Alcohol ethoxylates, phenol alkoxylates, e.g. tertiary butyl phenol ethoxylates or tertiary
  • Dehazers suitable as further coadditives are, for example, alkoxylated phenol-formaldehyde condensates.
  • Antifoams which are suitable as further coadditives are, for example, polyether-modified polysiloxanes.
  • Cetane number and combustion improvers suitable as further co-additives include, for example, alkyl nitrates, e.g. Cyclohexyl nitrate, and especially 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, and peroxides, e.g. Di-tert-butyl peroxide.
  • alkyl nitrates e.g. Cyclohexyl nitrate, and especially 2-ethylhexyl nitrate
  • peroxides e.g. Di-tert-butyl peroxide.
  • Sulfur-free antioxidants which are suitable as further coadditives are, for example, substituted phenols, for example 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol, and also phenylenediamines, for example N, N'-di-sec .-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.
  • Metal deactivators which are suitable as further coadditives are, for example, salicylic acid derivatives, for example N, N'-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine.
  • Suitable solvents are, in particular for fuel additive packages, for example nonpolar organic solvents, in particular aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. Toluene, xylene, "white spirit” and the technical solvent mixtures of the names Shellsol® (manufacturer: Royal Dutch / Shell Group), Exxol® (manufacturer: ExxonMobil) and Solvent Naphtha.
  • nonpolar organic solvents in particular aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. Toluene, xylene, "white spirit” and the technical solvent mixtures of the names Shellsol® (manufacturer: Royal Dutch / Shell Group), Exxol® (manufacturer: ExxonMobil) and Solvent Naphtha.
  • polar organic solvents especially alcohols such as 2-ethylhexanol, 2-propylheptanol, decanol and isotridecanol, into consideration.
  • the said co-additives and / or solvents are used in gasoline or diesel fuel, they are used in the amounts customary for this purpose.
  • the synergistic mixture according to the invention is furthermore particularly advantageously suitable as a stabilizer in lubricants.
  • lubricants or lubricant compositions are here motor oils, lubricating oils, gear, switching and automatic oils and related liquid compositions, which serve the lubrication of mechanically moving parts - usually as metal - be called.
  • Under stabilization is especially the improvement of the oxidation and aging stability of lubricant compositions, ie their mode of action in particular as "antioxidant system in the conventional sense" to understand.
  • the synergistic blend of the invention improves the shear stability of lubricant compositions, i. the synergistic mixture of the invention thicken the lubricant compositions more effectively.
  • the synergistic mixture of the invention also acts as a dispersant in lubricant compositions.
  • Another object of the present invention is a lubricant composition containing customary components and at least one synergistic mixture according to the invention.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention contains the inventive synergistic mixture in an amount of usually 0.001 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.05 to 8 wt .-% and especially 0.1 to 5 Wt .-%, based on the total amount of the lubricant composition.
  • the most economically important lubricant compositions are engine oils as well as gear, shift and automatic oils.
  • Motor oils usually consist of mineral base oils, which contain predominantly paraffinic constituents and are prepared by complex work-up and purification processes in the refinery, with a proportion of about 2 to 10% by weight of additives (based on the active substance contents).
  • the mineral base oils may be partially or completely replaced by synthetic components such as organic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons such as olefin oligomers, poly- ⁇ -olefins or polyolefins or hydrocracking oils.
  • Engine oils must have sufficiently high viscosities even at high temperatures to ensure a perfect lubrication effect and a good seal between cylinder and piston.
  • motor oils must be of their flow properties also designed so that at low temperatures, the engine can be started easily.
  • Engine oils must be resistant to oxidation and must not produce any decomposition products in liquid or solid form and deposits even under severe working conditions.
  • Engine oils disperse solids (dispersant behavior), prevent deposits (detergent behavior), neutralize acidic reaction products and form a wear protection film on the metal surfaces in the engine.
  • Engine oils are usually characterized by viscosity class classes (SAE classes).
  • Gear, shift and automatic oils are similar in composition to their basic components and additives as engine oils.
  • the transmission of power in the gear system of transmissions takes place to a large extent by the fluid pressure in the transmission oil between the teeth.
  • the gear oil must therefore be such that it can withstand high pressures in the long term without decomposing.
  • wear, compressive strength, friction, shear stability, traction and run-in behavior are the decisive factors here.
  • engine oils and gear oils, gear oils and automatic oils usually also contain at least one, but usually some or all, of the additives listed below in amounts customary for this purpose (which are in% by weight) on the total amount of lubricant composition, indicated in brackets):
  • sulfur-containing antioxidants which differ from the sulfur-containing antioxidants of component (B) to be used in accordance with the present invention, and / or sulfur-free antioxidants (0.1 to 5%):
  • Phosphorus compounds e.g. Triaryl and trialkyl phosphites, dialkyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonic acid or phosphonic acid piperazides
  • Sulfur-phosphorus compounds e.g. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (metal dodecyldithio-phosphates also act as corrosion inhibitors and high-pressure additives in lubricating oils) or reaction products of phosphorus pentasulfide with terpenes ( ⁇ -pinene, dipentene), polybutenes, olefins or unsaturated esters
  • Phenol derivatives for example sterically hindered mono-, bis- or trisphenols, sterically hindered polynuclear phenols, polyalkylphenols, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- methylphenol or methylene-4,4'-bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) (phenolic derivatives are often used in combination with sulfur-based or amine-based antioxidants)
  • Amines e.g. Arylamines such as diphenylamine, phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine or 4,4'-tetra- methyldiaminodiphenylmethane
  • Metal deactivators in the strict sense e.g. N-salicylidene-ethylamine, N, N'-disalicylidene-ethylenediamine, N, N'-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine, triethylenediamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, glycolic acid,
  • viscosity index improvers eg: polyisobutenes having a molecular weight of usually 10,000 to 45,000, polymethacrylates having a molecular weight of usually 5,000 to 100,000, homopolymers and copolymers of 1,3-dienes such as Butadiene or isoprene having a molecular weight of usually 80,000 to 100,000, 1, 3-diene-styrene copolymers having a molecular weight of usually 80,000 to 100,000, maleic anhydride-styrene polymers in esterified form having a molecular weight of usually 60,000 to 120,000, star-shaped polymers having block-like structure by units of conjugated dienes and aromatic monomers having a molecular weight of usually 200,000 to 500,000, polyalkylstyrenes having a molecular weight of usually 80,000 to 150,000, polyolefins of ethylene and propylene or styrene-cyclopentadiene-norbornene
  • pour point depressant (0.03 to 1%), e.g. bicyclic aromatics such as naphthalene having various long-chain alkyl radicals, polymethyl acrylates having 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, a degree of branching of 10 to 30 mol% and an average molecular weight of 5,000 to 500,000, long-chain alkylphenols and phthalic acid dialkylaryl esters or copolymers different olefins
  • bicyclic aromatics such as naphthalene having various long-chain alkyl radicals, polymethyl acrylates having 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical, a degree of branching of 10 to 30 mol% and an average molecular weight of 5,000 to 500,000, long-chain alkylphenols and phthalic acid dialkylaryl esters or copolymers different olefins
  • detergents 0.2 to 4%
  • Chlorophenyl stearates sulfonation products of alkylaromatics such as dodecylbenzene, petroleum sulfonates, sodium, calcium, barium or magnesium sulfonates, neutral, basic and overbased sulfonates, phenates and carboxylates, salicylates, metal salts of alkylphenols and alkylphenol sulfides, phosphates.
  • alkylaromatics such as dodecylbenzene, petroleum sulfonates, sodium, calcium, barium or magnesium sulfonates, neutral, basic and overbased sulfonates, phenates and carboxylates, salicylates, metal salts of alkylphenols and alkylphenol sulfides, phosphates.
  • Ashless dispersants or dispersants 0.5 to 10%
  • Mannich condensates of alkylphenol, formaldehyde and polyalkylenepolyamines which differ from the Mannich reaction products of general formula II to be used in the context of the present invention, reaction products of polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides with Polyhydroxy compounds or polyamines, copolymers of alkyl methacrylates with diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpryridine or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or vinyl acetate fumarate copolymers
  • friction modifiers 0.05 to 1%
  • polar oil-soluble compounds which produce a thin layer on the friction surface by adsorption, e.g. Fatty alcohols, fatty amides, fatty acid salts, fatty acid alkyl esters or fatty acid glycerides
  • antifoam additives 0.0001 to 0.2%), e.g. liquid silicones such as polydimethylsiloxanes or poliethylene glycol ethers and sulfides
  • demulsifiers 0.1 to 1%
  • Dinonylnaphthalenesulfonates in the form of their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts
  • corrosion inhibitors also referred to as metal deactivators
  • metal deactivators e.g. tertiary amines and their salts, imino esters, amidoximes, diaminomethanes, derivatives of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids with alkanolamines, alkylamines, sarcosines, imidazolines, alkylbenzotriazoles, dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives, diaryl phosphates, thiophosphoric acid esters, neutral salts of primary n-Cs-ds
  • (k) emulsifiers (0.01 to 1%), e.g. long-chain unsaturated, naturally occurring carboxylic acid, naphthenic acids, synthetic carboxylic acid, sulfonamides, N-oleylsarcosine, alkanesulfamidoacetic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, long-chain alkylated ammonium salts such as dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium chloride, imidazolinium salts, alkyl, alkylaryl, acyl, alkylamino and Acylaminopolyglykole or long-chain acylated mono- and diethanolamines
  • emulsifiers e.g. long-chain unsaturated, naturally occurring carboxylic acid, naphthenic acids, synthetic carboxylic acid, sulfonamides, N-oleylsarcosine, alkanesulfamidoacetic acid, dodecylbenz
  • Typical ready-to-use engine oil and gear, shift and automatic oil compositions in the context of the present invention are composed as follows, wherein the data for the additives relate to the active substance contents and the sum of all components always gives 100 wt .-%:
  • Methyl, M n of the polyisobutyl radical 1000), which is obtainable in an analogous manner by alkylating 2-tert-butylphenol with polyisobutene and subsequent reaction with formaldehyde and dimethylamine, the same results are obtained in the application examples below
  • Example 1 Checking the Thermal Stability of Turbine Fuel (Jet Fuel) by Determining the Resulting Particle Quantity
  • BHT 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
  • B1 10% by weight of B1
  • BHT 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
  • BHT 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
  • B1 10% by weight of B1, 10% by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol ("BHT"), 5% by weight of N, N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane, 30% by weight of Solvent Naphtha Heavy (solvent) and 15% by weight of 2-ethylhexanol (solvent)
  • B1 10% by weight of B1, 10% by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol ("BHT"), 5% by weight of N, N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane, 30% by weight Solvent Naphtha Heavy (solvent) and 15% by weight 2-ethylhexanol (solvent)
  • B1 10% by weight of B1, 10% by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol ("BHT"), 5% by weight of N, N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane, 30% by weight Solvent Naphtha Heavy (solvent) and 15% by weight 2-ethylhexanol (solvent)
  • Example 3 Checking the thermal stability of turbine fuel (jet fuel) by determining the breakpoint
  • a commercially available JP-8 turbine fuel according to MIL-DTL-83133E was used.
  • the fuel converted into an emulsion by vigorous stirring in a 1% by weight water receiver was passed over the coalescing filter at 22 ° C for water separation and the residual water content of the fuel phase was determined by Karl Fischer titration.
  • the less residual water in the fuel the better the water separation properties. Namely, additives used in the turbine fuel usually deteriorate the water separation properties, for example when using coalescing filters.
  • De-icing agents in customary amounts of commercial JP-8 turbine fuel according to MIL-DTL-83133E after emulsification and water removal had a residual water content of 564 ppm by weight ("comparative value") according to the test method described above.
  • Non-additized commercial JP-8 turbine fuel according to MIL-DTL-83133E which had been previously treated with alumina to remove the above-mentioned additives, had a residual water content of 83 ppm by weight after emulsification and water separation according to the test method described above ("blank value ”) on.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
EP08786034A 2007-07-16 2008-07-10 Synergistische mischung Ceased EP2171020A2 (de)

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US20100210492A1 (en) 2010-08-19
KR20100033536A (ko) 2010-03-30
US20140024568A1 (en) 2014-01-23
US20130130956A1 (en) 2013-05-23
CA2690333A1 (en) 2009-01-22
KR101561309B1 (ko) 2015-10-16
US20160090541A1 (en) 2016-03-31
RU2010105082A (ru) 2011-08-27
CA2690333C (en) 2017-07-04
US9562202B2 (en) 2017-02-07
SG183026A1 (en) 2012-08-30
JP2010533752A (ja) 2010-10-28
BRPI0814692A2 (pt) 2015-01-20
RU2480514C2 (ru) 2013-04-27
AR067546A1 (es) 2009-10-14
US9315759B2 (en) 2016-04-19
MY150221A (en) 2013-12-31
AU2008277716A1 (en) 2009-01-22
WO2009010441A2 (de) 2009-01-22
JP5393668B2 (ja) 2014-01-22
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US9670430B2 (en) 2017-06-06
CN101743294A (zh) 2010-06-16

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