EP2159340A2 - Unité préfabriquée de briques - Google Patents

Unité préfabriquée de briques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2159340A2
EP2159340A2 EP09168788A EP09168788A EP2159340A2 EP 2159340 A2 EP2159340 A2 EP 2159340A2 EP 09168788 A EP09168788 A EP 09168788A EP 09168788 A EP09168788 A EP 09168788A EP 2159340 A2 EP2159340 A2 EP 2159340A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brick
bricks
layer
unit
length
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Application number
EP09168788A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2159340A3 (fr
Inventor
Udo Nagl
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP2159340A2 publication Critical patent/EP2159340A2/fr
Publication of EP2159340A3 publication Critical patent/EP2159340A3/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/041—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
    • E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a prefabricated brick unit of individual bricks, in particular of several bricks above each other, and a manufacturing process thereof.
  • Bricks are a very cheap building material, they have a number of building physical advantages and have the largest market share among the bricks.
  • bricks are set stone by brick on the construction site, making the construction of brick masonry very artisanal and time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive.
  • a major cost factor in creating masonry is the high number of cutting jobs. Although in the conventional design smaller differences in length can be compensated by different width joints - but should be avoided for the sake of heat conduction -, the proportion of cut stones, due for example by wall breakthroughs, bevels, curves, length tolerances of the bricks and the adaptation to the dimensions about 15% - 70%. This work not only requires a lot of time, but it often comes to inaccuracies in the construction, which cause masonry gaps are largely filled with mortar and thus later form thermal bridges and a poor plaster base.
  • prefabricated wall-mounted kits are offered by various manufacturers. Based on the construction site dimensions, the wall blocks are cut to size, the stones are palletized and delivered in the correct number and sequence according to the later use on the construction site. At the construction site, they can then be relocated relatively easily using a laying plan. By shifting work steps into prefabrication, significant time and cost savings can be realized.
  • Bricks, especially perforated bricks, have production-related compared to other wall materials such as limestone or aerated concrete relatively high deviations - especially in the horizontal brick length - on. These deviations mainly result from the wear of the mouthpiece of the brick press, deviations in the composition of the clay or clay as well as shrinkage during drying and firing.
  • the solution according to the invention is at least two or more bricks z. B. at their end faces together to brick units such as single-layer or multi-layer brick rods (stone rods) in possibly different length increments, such as to glue, which are characterized in that their length-dimensional deviation is a predetermined tight tolerance of the respective nominal dimension classes of Do not exceed specified size.
  • the elements can be industrially prefabricated in large numbers under controlled climatic conditions, depending on the concrete construction project then individual elements can be tailored to the object. These cutting operations can be carried out by modern cutting equipment in prefabrication precise and inexpensive, here also round and bevel cuts are easily possible.
  • At least two or more individual bricks are glued together in the horizontal direction, at their abutting end surfaces over the entire surface or part of the area, for example in strips or at points, by thin-bed mortar to a single-layer, bar-shaped tile rod.
  • Such a single-layer brick rod can be glued together by thin bed mortar by laying a bearing joint made of mortar and then placing another layer in which again preferably the bricks of the next layer at their abutting faces over the entire surface or part of the surface, to a two-ply and in the sequence also more be expanded as a two-ply brick bar.
  • the mortar adhesive additives may be added and / or the adhesive surface may be pretreated, z. B. cleaned, pre-wetted or coated with primer.
  • the bonding of bricks to bricks in accordance with the invention may also be accomplished by other suitable bonding materials such as hot melt adhesives, for example, polyurethane hot melt adhesives, acrylate based adhesives, Waterglass-based adhesives, MS polymer adhesives (hybrid adhesives) or other bonding materials.
  • hot melt adhesives for example, polyurethane hot melt adhesives, acrylate based adhesives, Waterglass-based adhesives, MS polymer adhesives (hybrid adhesives) or other bonding materials.
  • the strength of the compound produced therewith can be increased by adding to the adhesive, such as thin-bed mortar, additives such as glass fibers.
  • gluing is the preferred embodiment in terms of brick-to-brick connection, the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the bricks can also be connected by other methods, such as textile reinforcement on the side surfaces, the assembly at the end faces by brackets, dowels or about plastic or metal bands together, to elements of greater length.
  • the use of bricks with tongue and groove training (brick with butt joints), whereby a better cohesion of the individual elements is achieved.
  • Planar tiles are perforated bricks whose bearing surfaces are flat and plane-parallel, and whose dimensional tolerances for the brick height are ⁇ 1.0 mm.
  • one embodiment of the invention provides for the use of bricks with gripping holes, so that the brick rods can also be picked up by stone grabs with clamping bolts.
  • the permissible mean ⁇ 4 mm of the nominal dimension is, for example, 247 mm for a nominal length dimension of 247 mm.
  • the individual stone deviations ⁇ 1-2 mm vary around the mean, with the mean often below the nominal size.
  • the dimensions of the largest and smallest tiles may not differ more than a certain amount. This is 5 mm for bricks with a length of 247 mm.
  • each brick bar has exactly the same length, but that it is sufficient if each have a larger number of brick bars of the same length.
  • the manufactured brick bars may have different length dimensions due to production-related dimensional tolerances of the bricks used to make them.
  • all the brick rods are the same length.
  • the present invention thus does not intend to eliminate the dimensional tolerances of the brick bars per se, but rather to create one group of brick bars, for instance one or more different averages (nominal dimensions), eg by applying a length compensation layer within which the individual bars except for very small deviations have the same length, for example, 998 mm ⁇ 0.5 mm, but in comparison to bricks of other length groups (nominal size classes), such as 1001 mm ⁇ 0.5 mm or 996 mm ⁇ 0.5 mm, shorter or longer.
  • the grouping of the bricks is carried out in several gradations (nominal size classes) such as 5 mm increments.
  • the brick-made components e.g. Bricks
  • this grouping could be done in increments (nominal dimension classes) of 1 mm, but the gradations can also be larger than 1 mm.
  • the measurement can be carried out by means of laser, ultrasound, light barrier or other suitable method.
  • the length of the resulting bricks between the smallest and largest bricks can be assumed with an assumed joint width of 3 mm and with a standard of 5 mm between the shortest and longest bricks theoretically vary by up to 20 mm.
  • the height tolerances are compensated by grinding to an exact height.
  • the length With regard to the length, however, the low dimensional stability of the bricks can not be compensated by grinding, or can be compensated only with great difficulty. This is mainly due to the low strength of the brick bridges, the high material wear during grinding and the tongue and groove formation of the faces.
  • an embodiment of the invention provides that a length compensation layer is applied or reworked on one or both end face (s) of the tile unit according to the invention such that the brick unit has a predetermined length (nominal dimension). reached.
  • the layer thickness of the length compensation layer depends on how large the difference to the nominal length of the tile unit is, which it is to compensate, but preferably the thickness is ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the length compensation layer may be formed from deformable materials such as (light) mortar or may be solid materials such as wood, thermo-wood, WPC (wood plastic composites), plastic, calcium silicate, foam glass or other suitable materials.
  • the resistance of the leveling layer can be increased against possible damage during transport or during handling on the construction site, that the mortar additives such as glass fibers are added.
  • the length compensation layer has only a relatively small thickness and does not have to meet static load capacity, the material used for the compensation layer need only have a low vertical compressive strength, this can be significantly lower than that of the bricks used for the production of tile units.
  • the other structural physical values of the material used for the leveling layer should preferably be similar to those of the bricks used for the brick units, in particular poor fire behavior, low or low moisture sensitivity, low shrinkage, low thermal conductivity, and similar vapor diffusion resistance to the brick and water absorption coefficient.
  • the length compensation layer is attached to one or both end face (s) of the tile unit by means of a suitable adhesive material, such as PU adhesive; in the case of self-adhesive / adhesive materials, in particular mortar, no additional adhesive is required.
  • a suitable adhesive material such as PU adhesive
  • the compensation layer on the end face of the tile unit can be applied over the entire surface, but preferably the compensation layer is applied only part of the area, such as in the form of vertical strip or plate-shaped compensation layers.
  • the leveling layer is applied in one, several or all of the groove (s) and / or on one or more springs. If the leveling layer is applied to both end faces of the tile unit, For example, on one end face the compensating layer can be applied only in the grooves, but on the other end face only on the springs.
  • the compensating layer is not applied over the entire surface of the end face, it is preferably applied in each case close to the right or left edge of the end face, so that no unnecessary increase in the butt joint occurs during assembly of the tile units according to the invention by the leveling layer and leads to undesirable unevenness of the plaster base.
  • leveling layers are applied in the grooves or springs, in which number and embodiment, will be determined on the one hand by the design form of the tongue and groove formation and, on the other hand, by the material or manner of application of the leveling layer. For bricks with very narrow springs, for example, the leveling layer will tend to be applied in the grooves, while for bricks with very wide grooves and springs, the leveling layer may also be on the springs.
  • a deformable material such as mortar, used for the production of the length compensation layer
  • the material can be applied by an extruder by means of a nozzle strip or plate-shaped on the end face of the tile unit.
  • the leveling layer is applied with a slight oversize and, for example, by stripping the excess mortar, the layer thickness of the leveling layer brought to the required nominal size.
  • Another possibility for bringing the layer thickness to the desired dimension is, for example, that the brick unit is pressed with the mortar applied to the end face against a solid device so far that the layer thickness of the mortar is reduced to the desired extent.
  • Another variant is that mortar is applied to a solid surface and the tile unit is pressed so far into the mortar that it reaches the specified size.
  • the leveling layer applied with an excess can be removed by abrasive machining, such as grinding or milling, to such an extent that the brick unit reaches a predetermined length dimension. Since the length compensation layer is relatively easy to machine due to the materials used for this purpose, the grinding / milling is quick and inexpensive to perform. A processing of the length compensation layer is omitted if the layer thickness is so accurate from the outset that the brick unit including compensation layer has the predetermined length dimension.
  • the faces of bricks are not always exactly perpendicular to the bearing surface. Especially when using deformable materials, such as mortar, for the creation of the leveling layer, in addition to the compensation of differences in length of the tile unit to a predetermined length dimension and the compensation of small angular deviations of the faces to the vertical is possible.
  • the butt joint between two brick units can thus be narrower than would be the case without compensation of the angular deviations.
  • a reinforcement is applied to the upper bearing surface and / or the lower bearing surface of the brick rods.
  • planar reinforcement for example of fiberglass fabric, but instead can also be applied to the lateral outer surface of the tile element, and later serve as a carrier for outdoor plaster.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of the reinforcement should be as good as possible with that of the bricks themselves in order to avoid stress cracks due to temperature changes.
  • the webs are also getting thinner and thinner, so that the bearing surfaces in the case of flat roofs have only small contact surfaces for the brick lying underneath or above it.
  • the minimum thickness for the leveling layer is approx. 2 - 3 mm.
  • control elements and shorter brick rods can be made, for example by the combination of one or two bricks with a half stone to a brick bar.
  • a brick rod has the advantage that it - when using a one-sided smooth half stone - on one side has a smooth (untoothed) face, which is advantageous for plastering. If such a brick bar is used with a half stone in every other brick layer, so that compliance with the Studentsbindeasheses is facilitated.
  • the production of such a tile rod is analogous to that of control elements, so that these bricks have only very small length tolerances of, for example, ⁇ ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • Double or multi-layered brick bar Double or multi-layered brick bar:
  • brick bars with only one brick layer is the preferred embodiment of the invention, the invention is not limited thereto.
  • first individual bricks can be connected together to form bricks and then these bricks in the storage joints are joined together to form a two- or multi-layer brick unit.
  • the brick rods are glued against each other with the same material as the stones within the tile rod.
  • a step-shaped building system is already in DE 10041846 A1 described.
  • a brick is inserted into the gap between the two brick bars in the upper brick layer, whereby a non-positive bond is formed.
  • the layers within the tile rod always have the same number of bricks, but the stones are offset from the bricks of the underlying and above lying brick layer, so arranged in a composite, in particular by half a stone length.
  • the non-positive connection of walls and transverse walls is analogous to the construction with conventional bricks, toothed or in butt-joint technology.
  • the brick rods are moved by lifting tools to their position in the masonry bandage. Manual lifting is only required where the use of lifting aids is not sensible and necessary, for example with small pass stones in roof slopes and similar places.
  • the overlying bricks are offset from each other by a certain amount laterally (binding). Tensile and shear stresses are transmitted in the masonry by friction in the bearing joints, by the over-bonding of the composite is ensured.
  • the overbinding amount is 0.4, i. 40% of the height of the used brick.
  • the setting direction of the bricks will be like the traditional bricks from the corners or soffits to the center, so it can come in the middle of joints. This will be particularly the case if the walls are planned according to the octa-metric measuring system and the length of the brick bars used (taking account of the butt joint) is less than or greater than a multiple of 12.5 cm, for example 997 mm or 1.002 mm.
  • joints with a width of 4-5 mm can remain open. If the joint width is stronger, the joints must be and externally filled with (light) mortar. By appropriate cutting of the bricks but larger joint widths can be avoided.
  • the blank is preferably carried out by automation in the prefabrication.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a brick formed of four bricks 5 1.
  • the bricks 5 are crunched at the end faces 6 and are connected to each other in the butt joints 7 by a suitable adhesive material 16 frictionally.
  • the lower 2 and upper bearing surface 3 are ground parallel to the plane in the case of flat roofs.
  • the bricks 5 have hollow chambers 9, which lead to an improvement of the thermal insulation and with an insulating material (not shown) may be filled.
  • the brick bars have only very small length deviations (tolerance 30).
  • the Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a brick formed from four bricks 5 1 with a reinforcement 4.
  • a reinforcement 4 is glued to the upper bearing surface 3 and / or on the lower bearing surface 2, for example can consist of a low-stretch fiberglass mesh.
  • the Fig. 3 shows a plan view of a butt joint 7.
  • the brick 5 have grooves 14 and springs 15 which engage in the butt joints 7 in one another. Where the bricks 5 abut 8, the bricks 5 are joined together by a suitable adhesive material (not shown in the figure), such as hot melt adhesive.
  • the brick 5 do not touch on the entire surface, but between groove 14 and spring 15 may be small cavities 20 exist.
  • the Fig. 4 shows a plan view of a butt joint 7 with (partially) backfilled cavities 20. Compared to in Fig. 3 shown variant, the cavities 20 between groove 14 and spring 15 are completely or partially closed depending on the type and amount of adhesive material 16 used.
  • the Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of an end face 6.
  • the bricks 5 are at their end faces 6 by means of suitable adhesive materials 16 together Connected to elements of greater length.
  • the adhesive materials 16, such as, for example, thin-bed mortar, can be applied to the end face 6 over the whole, partial area or at points.
  • the Fig. 6 shows a schematic front view of a two-ply brick rod 12.
  • a second stone layer 11 is connected to the first stone layer 10. Since the length of the lower stone layer 10 and that of the upper stone layer 11 is exactly the same length, the end faces 6 of the two stone rows are exactly above one another. While the first stone layer 10 consists of four bricks 5, there are two semi-stones 21 in the second stone layer so that the overbonding dimension can be maintained.
  • the two-ply brick rod has only a small deviation in length compared to the nominal dimension 37 (tolerance 30).
  • Fig. 7 is the perspective view of two stepped, two-ply brick rods 13, 13 'shown.
  • first stone layer 10, 10 ' which is composed in the illustrated variant of four individual stones 5, a second, shorter by one brick, stone layer 11, 11' applied so that the brick 5 of each upper layer 11, 11 'are offset to those of the lower layer by half each.
  • the shorter upper stone layer 11, 11 ' is connected to the lower stone layer 10, 10', which is longer by a single stone 5, by an adhesive, such as hot-melt adhesive, which is not shown in the figure.
  • the individual blocks 5 are also connected to each other with an adhesive, which is not shown, at the butt joints 7 to the stone rods 10, 10 ', 11 and 11'.
  • the end faces 6 of the illustrated stone rods have complementary configured grooves 14 and springs 15, whereby the two-ply brick rods in the first row of stones 10, 10 'can be positively connected to each other.
  • Fig. 8 shows two in the first stone layer 10, 10 'crunched two-layered brick rods 13, 13' according to the Figure 7 ,
  • the second stone layer 11, 11 ' is in between the two stone layers 11, 11' existing gap 23 a single block 5 is used, which closes the gap 23.
  • the size of the gap can be designed so that it is sufficient if the single stone to be used 5 corresponds to the relevant standards in terms of its length dimension. It is therefore not necessary, for example, that the single stone 5 to be used has a particular undersize or may need to be cut so that it fits in the gap. Production-related length deviations of the gap closing stone 5 can be caught in the joints between single stone 5 and the stone layers 11, 11 '.
  • a two-layered brick bar 13 is shown, in which the upper stone layer 11 is offset from the lower stone layer 10 by half a stone length.
  • the lower stone layer 10 and the upper stone layer 11 have the same number of individual tiles 5.
  • the staggered arrangement of the individual tiles 5 to the stones of the upper 11 or lower 10 stone layer ensures compliance with the Matterbindeasheses.
  • Fig. 10 shows two interconnected two-ply brick rods 13, 13 'according to Fig. 9 , The fact that the upper stone layers 11, 11 'offset from the lower stone layers 10, 10' offset by half a stone length, the two two-ply brick rods 13, 13 'can be arranged in combination.
  • Fig. 11 shows a brick bar 1, on the upper bearing surface 3, a leveling layer 17 is applied.
  • This compensating layer 17 compensates for any height tolerances of the brick 5 and closes the hollow chambers 9 of the individual bricks 5 running vertically from the lower bearing surface 2 to the upper bearing surface 3 so that no convection flow can occur.
  • the leveling layer 17 rests on the brick webs 24 and forms a plane-parallel adhesive surface 19 for any overlying bricks or brick bars.
  • the leveling layer may include a flat or fibrous reinforcement (not shown), through which the strength of the tile bar 1 can be significantly increased.
  • Fig. 12 shows a schematic front view of a tile rod 1 with leveling layer bottom 18 and top 17. These compensation layers compensate for manufacturing height tolerances of the individual tiles 5 and cause coverage of the brick cavities (not shown), thereby improving the air-tightness and sound insulation. Opposite the in Fig. 11 shown variant is here next to the upper bearing surface 3 and the lower bearing surface 2 covered by a leveling layer.
  • Fig. 13a and Fig. 13b is an example of how brick sticks according to the invention are assembled into a wall corner.
  • a brick bar 1 which consists of four whole stones 5
  • a second tile bar 1 'twisted by 90 ° which also consists of four whole stones 5.
  • the end face 6 of the brick bar 1, which abuts the 90 ° twisted brick bar 1 ' can be coated with thin-bed mortar (not shown) to achieve a shear-transmitting connection of the two brick bars and to increase the air-tightness.
  • the bricks 1 and 1 ' are set so that the individual stones 5 of the bricks 1 and 1' are so over the individual stones 5 of the underlying bricks that the prescribed by the building standards overbonding is met.
  • a frictional corner dressing is in the Fig. 13a and 13b only shown by way of example, depending on the width of the individual stones used for the production of the brick rods may result in other embodiments.
  • the non-positive connection of walls and transverse walls in association with bricks can be done analogous to the single brick construction, the only difference is the size of the elements.
  • Fig. 14 is the butt joint of a tile bar 1 to a transversely aligned brick bar 1 'shown.
  • the connection of transverse walls has long been carried out for a time and cost reasons usually with butt joint.
  • the brick bar 1 is butted against the tile bar 1 'and the butt joint 25 is completely closed with mortar 26.
  • Fig. 15 is a (partially) lined with bricks 1 skeleton frame 28 shown.
  • the connection of the individual bricks 1 with, for example, thin-bed mortar (not shown) is preferably carried out only in the bearing joints 29, in the butt joints 7, the bricks 1 are pushed together crunchy and no adhesive used.
  • lifting tools (not shown) are used for lifting and moving.
  • this can be, for example, a vacuum gripper acting on one side on the side surfaces of the tile bars 1.
  • Fig. 16 shows the plan for a gable wall 31, which is to be built from brick bars 1.
  • the brick rods are composed of whole stones 5 or half stones 21 combined with whole stones 5.
  • the proportion of cut stones 36 is very high, especially in heavily structured masonry.
  • Bricks or single stones that need to be cut are shown in gray in the illustration. It can be seen that a high number of cutting work is required and a forward displacement of at least cutting work in the prefabrication can reduce the construction time on the site.
  • FIG. 17 An apparatus 35 for the production of brick bars is shown.
  • the illustrated embodiment has an inclined to the horizontal inclined support surface 32 to which the individual stones 5 are manually, semi or fully automatically placed. If the individual stones 5 are not placed exactly in the device or on each other anyway, they slide through the slope of the support surface alone or under slight pressure against the lower contact surface 33 or against a single stone already in the device. Due to the slope of the device, the end faces 6 of the individual stones 5 are inclined, so that the application of an adhesive (not shown) for connecting the individual stones with each other is easier than if the end faces were aligned vertically. By the lateral abutment surface 34, the side surfaces 22 of the individual stones can be aligned easily plan.
  • the device shown can be supplemented by special devices for the application of adhesives, measuring devices, pressure devices, grinding and cutting systems, etc. (not shown).
  • Fig. 18 Fig. a shows a plan view of the end face 6 of a tile 5 located at the beginning or end of a tile unit (not shown).
  • a plate-shaped length compensation layer 39 is applied in each case on the left or right edge of the end face 6.
  • the thickness 40 of the leveling layer 39 may initially have an excess, which is then reduced by appropriate processing such as grinding so far that the thickness 40 of the leveling layer 39 together with the actual length 38 of the brick unit gives a predetermined length with a high dimensional accuracy.
  • suitable adhesives such as PU adhesives (not shown).
  • compensating layers 39 are applied to all the springs 15 of the brick.
  • the compensation layers 39 can have different shapes, for example they can be round, angular, plate-shaped or strip-shaped or have different widths.
  • Fig. 19 shows a perspective view of an end face 6 of a tile unit 1 on the plate-shaped length compensation layers 39 are applied in each case on the edge. Even if the height 41 of the length compensation layer does not necessarily have to correspond to the height of the brick 5, and therefore may be shorter, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the height of the length compensation layer corresponds exactly to the brick height.
  • Fig. 20 shows a tile 5, on the end face 6, the length compensation layer 39 of deformable material, such as (light) mortar is formed. If the application of the length compensation layer 39 does not already take place with such high accuracy that the length compensation layer has the desired thickness 40, the length compensation layer can be brought to the required layer thickness 40, for example by stripping the excess mortar or by compression. In the figure, the right length compensation layer is shown without further processing, while the left length compensation layer was brought to the desired thickness 40, for example, by compression.
  • deformable material such as (light) mortar
  • Fig. 21 a shows the top view of the end faces 6 of two brick units 1, 1 '.
  • the length compensation layers 39 can be applied both on the springs 15 and / or in the grooves 14 of the end faces 6.
  • a length compensation layer 39 is shown, which is located between two bricks 5. Since the end face 6 of bricks 5 does not always have an angle of 90 °, smaller angular deviations of the end faces 6 to the vertical can be compensated by a different thickness 40 of the length compensation layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
EP09168788A 2008-08-27 2009-08-27 Unité préfabriquée de briques Withdrawn EP2159340A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008039919A DE102008039919A1 (de) 2008-08-27 2008-08-27 Vorgefertigte Ziegeleinheit

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WO2011128812A1 (fr) * 2010-04-12 2011-10-20 Uriol Chavarriga Jesus Enceinte thermo-acoustique verticale, construite à partir de blocs de construction
BE1028343B1 (nl) * 2020-06-03 2022-01-10 Struxura Bvba Prefabwand vervaardigd via verlijming van snelbouwblokken met een 2 componenten epoxylijm
CN114753348A (zh) * 2022-05-20 2022-07-15 上海隧道工程有限公司 一种复杂地层超深超厚地下连续墙施工方法
AT525687A1 (de) * 2021-12-01 2023-06-15 Bauhuette Leitl Werke Ges M B H Verfahren zur Bildung eines Mauerwerks
BE1030181A1 (nl) 2022-01-13 2023-08-10 Birghen Degroote Werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van een prefabwand

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RU174524U1 (ru) * 2016-12-08 2017-10-19 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Полар Инвест" Камень стеновой

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011128812A1 (fr) * 2010-04-12 2011-10-20 Uriol Chavarriga Jesus Enceinte thermo-acoustique verticale, construite à partir de blocs de construction
ES2394698A1 (es) * 2010-04-12 2013-02-04 Josep FUSTE ZAMORA Cerramiento acústico-térmico vertical, construido a partir de bloques de construcción.
BE1028343B1 (nl) * 2020-06-03 2022-01-10 Struxura Bvba Prefabwand vervaardigd via verlijming van snelbouwblokken met een 2 componenten epoxylijm
AT525687A1 (de) * 2021-12-01 2023-06-15 Bauhuette Leitl Werke Ges M B H Verfahren zur Bildung eines Mauerwerks
AT525687B1 (de) * 2021-12-01 2023-08-15 Bauhuette Leitl Werke Ges M B H Verfahren zur Bildung eines Mauerwerks
BE1030181A1 (nl) 2022-01-13 2023-08-10 Birghen Degroote Werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van een prefabwand
BE1030181B1 (nl) * 2022-01-13 2023-08-16 Birghen Degroote Werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van een prefabwand
CN114753348A (zh) * 2022-05-20 2022-07-15 上海隧道工程有限公司 一种复杂地层超深超厚地下连续墙施工方法

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