EP2148948A1 - Vorrichtung zum abziehen und verstrecken multifiler fäden - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum abziehen und verstrecken multifiler fädenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2148948A1 EP2148948A1 EP08750139A EP08750139A EP2148948A1 EP 2148948 A1 EP2148948 A1 EP 2148948A1 EP 08750139 A EP08750139 A EP 08750139A EP 08750139 A EP08750139 A EP 08750139A EP 2148948 A1 EP2148948 A1 EP 2148948A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- godets
- godet
- guide
- heating
- heating means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J13/00—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
- D02J13/005—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass by contact with at least one rotating roll
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
- D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
- D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
- D02J1/224—Selection or control of the temperature during stretching
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J13/00—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for stripping and stretching multifilament yarns in a melt spinning process according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the drawing operation in the multifilament threads is assisted by a temperature control of the threads.
- a temperature control of the threads In order to heat the multifilament yarns before stretching, systems are generally known in which the heating of the yarns takes place by means of separate heating means or directly by heated guide shells of the godets.
- US Pat. No. 5,137,670 discloses a generic device in which a heating means is arranged in the yarn path between two godets.
- the heating means is designed as a heated plate, is guided at the surface at a small distance from the thread.
- the thread is tempered by heat exchange in the form of heat convection and heat conduction.
- the hot plate is heated to a temperature in the range of 250 0 C to 500 0 C.
- Such systems have the disadvantage that the distance between the thread and the heated plate significantly influences the heat exchange.
- the filaments in the yarn composite depending on the location, whether they are facing the heating plate or whether they are located on the opposite side of the thread, uneven tempered.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a generic apparatus for stripping and stretching multifilament yarns in which a plurality of yarns is heated as evenly as possible without contact.
- the heating means are formed by a plurality of juxtaposed elongated heat radiation body, which extend substantially parallel to the guide shells of the godets and which are arranged in the bounded by the taut pieces of thread clearance between the guide shells of godets.
- the invention is characterized in that a high radiation density of heat rays for heating the filaments can be generated.
- the entire gap between the guide shells of the godets can be advantageously used to place several heat radiation body side by side in a confined space.
- the high integration of heat between the godets leads to a very compact design.
- the development of the invention in which the heat radiation body are formed by infrared radiation body, is characterized by the fact that the energy transport between the heating means and the multifilament yarns takes place exclusively by an electromagnetic wave radiation. This energy transport is independent of the distance and the environment of the multifilament yarn to the heating medium out.
- the infrared radiation bodies are arranged side by side, wherein the infrared radiation body extending parallel to the guide shells of the godets and in the bounded by the taut pieces of thread clearance between the guide shells of the godets are arranged.
- the entire interspace between the guide shells of the godets can advantageously be used to generate a high radiation density of infrared rays with a plurality of infrared radiation bodies and thus to heat the group of yarns.
- a heating path running through the yarns by the infrared radiation bodies forms a length of at least 500 mm having.
- the number and choice of the infrared radiation body can also realize greater lengths in the range of> 800 mm.
- in which the infrared radiation bodies can be operated within the heating zone with the same or different jet power
- temperature profiles within the heating zone can advantageously be realized.
- the infrared radiation bodies are preferably formed by heating tubes which are connected to one another to form a heating module and generate heat radiation on two sides, wherein the heating module is arranged in a center plane spanned by the axes of the godets. With multiple wrapping of the guide sheaths, it is thus possible to tie the sheaths between the guide sheaths.
- the heating tubes are preferably equipped with a Carbonschreibleiter to generate the infrared radiation in the wavelength range of 2 microns to 4 microns.
- the carbon heater can be heated to a temperature of above 1000 0 C in a few seconds.
- the guide casing of the free-running godet in comparison to the guide casing of the driven godet have a smaller or equal diameter.
- the guide sheaths can be operated by the electric motors at the same circumferential speeds or with a speed difference generated between the guide sheaths.
- the development of the invention has proved successful, in which rather a godet carrier is provided for holding both godets, which also carries the arranged between the godets heating means.
- the godet carrier is preferably formed by two longitudinal carriers arranged at a distance from one another, on which the guide shells of both godets are rotatably mounted towards both end faces and which are combined with the heating means to form a godet module.
- Such godet modules represent an assembly that can be used flexibly in a melt spinning process.
- such godet modules can preferably be integrated with horizontally aligned arrangement of the godets and the heating means in an upper platform of a winding machine.
- compact arrangements in a melt spinning process can be realized, which allows the operability of the winding machine and the godet module from an operating level out.
- the two godets are associated with several other godets, which have between them another heating means.
- the heating means is also formed by a plurality of juxtaposed infrared radiation body, which extend substantially parallel to the guide shells of the godets and which are arranged in the bounded by the taut pieces of thread space between the guide shells of the godets. In this way, in particular, tempering can also be carried out for so-called relaxation or shrinkage treatment of the threads.
- godets and heating means are preferably combined as separate godet modules and arranged one above the other in a drawing field.
- the godets and the heating means are preferably located in a heating chamber. assigns.
- the threads are then fed to and removed from the godets through thread inlets and thread outlets of the heating chamber.
- the device according to the invention is both suitable for producing so-called preoriented POY yarns or fully drawn FDY yarns.
- the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the attached figures with reference to some embodiments of the device according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a plan view of the embodiment of Fig. 1
- Fig. 3 schematically shows a side view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention
- Fig. 4 shows schematically a plan view of the embodiment of Fig. 3
- Fig. 5 shows schematically a further embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 shows schematically a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention
- a first embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in several views.
- the device is shown in a cross-sectional view and in Fig. 2 in a plan view.
- the following description applies to both figures.
- the embodiment has two galette duo with the godets 1.1 and 1.2 and the underlying godets 1.3 and 1.4.
- the godet 1.1 has a guide shell 2.1, the projecting rotatable about a godet axis 11.1 is mounted on a godet carrier 4.1.
- the godet axis 11.1 is rotatably coupled to the guide casing 2.1 and is driven by a godet 14.1.
- the second godet 1.2 is arranged on the godet carrier 4.1.
- the godet 1.2 has a guide casing 2.2, which is rotatably coupled to the godet axis 11.2.
- the godet axis 11.2 is freely rotatably mounted with a projecting end in the godet carrier 4.1.
- the guide casing 2.2 of the godet 1.2 is also provided with a slightly inclined guide casing 2.1 of the godet 1.1 (see Fig. 1), around a guide sheath 2.1 supplied yarn sheet 3 of several synthetic multif ⁇ len threads in several wraps around the guide shells 2.1 and 2.2.
- a heating means 5.1 is arranged in the space between the guide shells 2.1 and 2.2.
- the heating means 5.1 is formed by a plurality of infrared radiation bodies 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5.
- the infrared radiation body 6.1 to 6.5 are held in a median plane between the guide shells 2.1 and 2.2, which is spanned by the godet axes 11.1 and 11.2.
- the infrared radiation bodies 6.1 to 6.5 are of identical construction, so that the structure of the infrared radiation bodies is explained using the example of the infrared radiation body 6.1.
- the infrared radiation body 6.1 to 6.5 each have a heating tube 8, in which a carbon heater 9 is arranged.
- the heating tube 8, which is designed as a double tube, has a free end in the region of the projecting end faces of the guide sheaths 2.1 and 2.2.
- With the opposite end of the heating tube 8 is held on a connection carrier 28 which is fixed to the godet carrier 4.1.
- the connection carrier 28 holds all the heating tubes 8 of the infrared radiation body 6.1 to 6.5 and forms a Heating module 7, which is held as a unit replaceable on the godet carrier 4.1.
- the infrared radiation bodies 6.1 to 6.5 are combined to form a heating track.
- the heating tubes 8 of the infrared radiation bodies 6.1 to 6.5 emit their infrared rays to an upper side 32 and to a lower side 30.
- the guide shells 2.1 and 2.2 of the godets 1.1 and 1.2, which extend parallel to the infrared radiation bodies 6.1 to 6.5 at the ends of the heating section, are made larger in diameter than the diameters of the heating tubes 8, so that the guide sheaths 2.1 and 2.2 are guided Threads 3 each with the tensioned between the guide shells 2.1 and 2.2 pieces of thread above or below the infrared radiation body 6.1 to 6.5 are performed.
- the yarn pieces of the yarn sheet 3 are thus exposed on the top 32 and on the bottom 30 of the infrared radiation.
- the electromagnetic wave structure generated by the carbon heating conductors 9 in the heating tubes 8 are particularly matched to the polymer material of the thread, so that as many rays as possible are absorbed in the material of the filaments in order to obtain heating of the threads.
- the infrared radiation generated by the heating tubes 8 preferably has a spectrum of wavelengths in the range of 2 to 4 ⁇ m.
- the first galette duo with the godets 1.1 and 1.2 is followed by a second galette duo with the godets 1.3 and 1.4.
- the godets 1.3 and 1.4 are identical to the godets 1.1 and 1.2 formed, wherein the guide sheaths 2.3 and 2.4 are projectingly supported rotatably on a second godet carrier 4.2.
- the godet 1.3 is driven by a second godet drive (not shown), wherein the peripheral speed of the guide casing 2.3 with respect to the peripheral speed of the guide casing 2.1 of the godet 1.1 is selected to be larger to obtain a draw of the yarn sheet 3 between the godets 1.1 and 1.3.
- the held on the godet carrier 4.2 second godet 1.4 is freely rotatably mounted with its guide sheath 2.4.
- the guide casing 2.4 of the godet roller 1.4 has a slight inclination with respect to the guide casing 2.3, in order to be able to lead a multiple looping of the yarn sheet 3 on the godet duo.
- the guide sheaths 2.3 and 2.4 are arranged vertically below the guide sheaths 2.1 and 2.2, wherein the godet carriers 4.1 and 4.2 are arranged offset from one another, so that the yarn sheet 3 running from the guide sheath 2.2 at a protruding end of the guide sheath 2.2 directly onto a bearing end of the Leadership Mantle 2.3 hits.
- a second heating means 5.2 is arranged in the space between the guide sheaths 2.3 and 2.4.
- the heating means 5.2 is identical in construction to the heating means 5.1, so that no further explanation takes place at this point.
- the infrared radiation body 6.1 to 6.5 of the second heating means 5.2 form a second heating section between the godets 1.3 and 1.4.
- the infrared radiation body 6.1 to 6.5 are also attached to this as a heating module 7 via a connection carrier 28 to the godet carrier 4.2.
- the second heating means 5.2 is located in a median plane between the guide sheaths 2.3 and 2.4, so that the thread pieces of the yarn sheet 3 are guided on an upper side 30 and a bottom side 29 with uniform spacing and without contact with the infrared radiation bodies 6.1 to 6.3.
- the yarn sheet 3 is stretched between the godets 1.1 and 1.3.
- the threads of the yarn sheet 3 are first heated by the first heating means 5.1 to a stretching temperature.
- the second heating means 5.2 between the godets 1.3 and 1.4, an aftertreatment, for example for shrinkage release.
- the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is particularly suitable for producing a fully drawn yarn in a melt spinning process.
- the structural arrangement of the godets 1.1 to 1.4 and arranged between the godets heating means 5.1 and 5.2 is exemplary.
- the leadership coats of a godet can be designed in different sizes or in the same size.
- the number of infrared radiation bodies, which are arranged parallel to the guide shells can be freely selected.
- This heating tubes can be used, which generate only one side of an infrared radiation.
- only the thread pieces on the top or only the thread pieces on the underside between the godets can be tempered.
- the length of the heating section is selectable. Depending on the number of infrared radiators, the lengths in the range of 500 mm to 1,000 mm or above are possible.
- the heating means 5.1 and the godets 1.1 and 1.2 are preferably arranged in a heating chamber, not shown here. This allows the environment to be shielded so that the climatic conditions usually prevailing in a hall have no influence on the heating of the thread.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention in several views.
- Fig. 3 shows schematically a side view and in Fig. 4, the device is shown in a plan view. Unless an explicit reference is made to one of the figures, the following description applies to both figures.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 is substantially identical to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, so that only the differences will be explained below and otherwise reference is made to the preceding description.
- two godets 1.1 and 1.2 are combined to form a godet module 16.
- Each of the godets 1.1 and 1.2 has a rotatable guide casing 2.1 and 2.2.
- the guide casing 2.1 of the godet 1.1 is rotatably connected to a godet axis 11.1, which is mounted to a front side via a rear bearing 13.1 in a side member 10.1 and with a front bearing 12.1 in a second opposite side member 10.2.
- the godet axle 11.1 is coupled to the rear bearing 13.1 with an electric motor 14.1 for driving the guide casing 2.1.
- the guide sleeve 2.2 of the godet 1.2 is held freely rotatably on the longitudinal members 10.1 and 10.2 by the bearings 12.2 and 13.2.
- the guide casing 2.2 is held with a slight slope in relation to the guide casing 2.1 of the godet 1.1, to lead a group of yarn in multiple wrapping can.
- the heating means 5.1 is arranged in the space formed by the guide sheaths 2.1 and 2.2 on the one hand and by the side members 10.1 and 10.2 on the other hand.
- the heating means 5.1 is identical to the previous embodiment, so that reference is made to the preceding description.
- the heating module 7 formed by the infrared radiation bodies 6.1 to 6.5 can be connected to each of the longitudinal members 10.1 and 10.2.
- the exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 forms a godet module 16, which can be superimposed as one structural unit, preferably several in a melt spinning process, in order to pull and stretch a plurality of mutli-filament yarns.
- godet modules can be used for the after-treatment of an already drawn thread. It is essential that the group of threads is heated by infrared radiation without contact between the godets.
- Such godet modules can preferably be combined with winding machines in order to be as compact and as compact as possible. to obtain user-friendly units for the production of melt-spun threads.
- FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of an installation situation of such godet modules is shown in FIG.
- the godet modules 16.1 and 16.2, which are identical to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, are arranged directly with a module carrier 31 on an upper platform 18 of a winding machine 17.
- the winding machine 17 has a machine frame 15, which forms the upper plate 18 and which has the furnishings for a total of four winding units 21.1 to 21.4 to simultaneously wind a four-thread set of threads 3 to coil 26.
- each winding unit 21.1 to 21.4 a deflection roller 20, a traversing device 23, a extending over all winding points pressure roller 24 and two alternately guided in a winding area winding spindle 22.1 and 22.2 provided on which the coils 26 are wound simultaneously.
- a spool revolver 25 is provided, which leads by rotation, the winding spindles 22.1 and 22.2 alternately from the winding area in a changing area.
- a flow godet 19 is provided, which is held at a front end of the winding machine 17.
- the yarn sheet 3 is guided over the 1971galette 19 and distributed to the individual guide rollers 20 of the winding units 21.1 to 21.2.
- the spinning device can be arranged with a spinning shaft directly above the godet modules 16.1 and 16.2, so that a low overall height of the spinning device is achieved.
- the godet modules 16.1 and 16.2 are attached to one of the side members 10.1 or 10.2 on the module carrier 31, so that the out of a spinning shaft threads of the yarn sheet 3 in a simple manner by a manually guided suction gun on the godets of the godet modules 16.1 and 16.2 can be applied ,
- the Godet modules 16.1 and 16. 2 are usually in a heating chamber (not shown here), which is held on the module carrier 31.
- the yarn sheet 3 can then feed through Fadenöffhungen in the heating chamber the godet modules 16.1 and 16.2.
- the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 is preferably used for the production of fully drawn threads. In principle, however, it is also possible to use the device according to the invention for the production of pre-oriented threads.
- FIG. 6 an embodiment of the inventive device is shown in Fig. 6, in which the yarn sheet is guided with a Detailumschlingung to the godets.
- the embodiment in Fig. 6 is shown schematically in a side view.
- a godet carrier 4 which is similar to the godet carrier of the embodiment of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, for example, two godets 1.1 and 1.2 are arranged at a distance from each other.
- the godet 1.1 has a guide casing 2.1 and the godet 1.2 the guide casing 2.2. Both guide shells 2.1 and 2.2 are driven by electric motors, not shown here.
- a heating means 5 is provided, which is formed in total by four infrared radiation body 6.1 to 6.4.
- the infrared radiation body 6.1 to 6.4 are aligned parallel to the guide shells 2.1 and 2.2 and held as heating tubes 8 to a connection carrier 28.
- the heating tubes 8 have a radiation outlet facing an upper side 32, so that the yarn section of the yarn sheet 3 stretched between the guide sheaths 2.1 and 2.2 is heated by the infrared radiation of the infrared radiation bodies 6.1 to 6.4.
- the deflection rollers 27.1 and 27.2 are preferably designed to be adjustable, so that the degree of wrap around the godets 1.1 and 1.2 can be selected.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 are characterized in particular by the fact that the guide shells of the godets are unheated.
- the heating of the threads is contactless exclusively borrowed by an energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic waves.
- the embodiments of the device according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 can also be used to form the heating means by elongate heat radiation bodies, which have, for example, an electrically heated radiation surface for generating the heat radiation.
- heat radiation body are well known, so that no further explanation takes place at this point.
- the radiation surfaces which may be formed for example from a metal, have a high surface temperature of preferably greater than 200 0 C.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007023723A DE102007023723A1 (de) | 2007-05-22 | 2007-05-22 | Vorrichtung zum Abziehen und Verstrecken multifiler Fäden |
| PCT/EP2008/055618 WO2008141940A1 (de) | 2007-05-22 | 2008-05-07 | Vorrichtung zum abziehen und verstrecken multifiler fäden |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2148948A1 true EP2148948A1 (de) | 2010-02-03 |
| EP2148948B1 EP2148948B1 (de) | 2011-07-06 |
Family
ID=39708427
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08750139A Not-in-force EP2148948B1 (de) | 2007-05-22 | 2008-05-07 | Vorrichtung zum abziehen und verstrecken multifiler fäden |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2148948B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN101680137A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE515587T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007023723A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008141940A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103484958B (zh) * | 2013-09-22 | 2016-03-30 | 中国纺织科学研究院 | 牵伸丝用热箱和牵伸丝用加热系统 |
| CN103741234B (zh) * | 2013-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 大连华阳化纤科技有限公司 | 一种牵伸器的加热箱 |
| CN107904681B (zh) * | 2016-05-27 | 2020-01-17 | 嘉兴昌新差别化纤维科技有限公司 | 带拉伸结构的纺丝装置 |
| CN109537167A (zh) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-29 | 天鼎丰聚丙烯材料技术有限公司 | 断丝处理装置及纺粘无纺布生产装置 |
| CN113718390A (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-30 | 中国纺织科学研究院有限公司 | 一种红外辐射牵伸热箱 |
| CN114323942B (zh) * | 2021-12-24 | 2024-07-12 | 东台弘乐纺织品有限公司 | 一种亚麻制备用棉条牵引拉伸装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0397914A (ja) | 1989-09-11 | 1991-04-23 | Unitika Ltd | ポリエステル繊維とその製造法 |
| DE19610763A1 (de) | 1996-03-19 | 1997-09-25 | Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh | Beheizte Galette zum Erwärmen synthetischer Fäden |
| IT1285328B1 (it) * | 1996-05-16 | 1998-06-03 | T M T Di Manenti & C Sas | Apparecchio per l'imbozzimatura di fili di ordito. |
| WO2006058667A1 (de) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-08 | Saurer Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum führen und verwirbeln eines multifilen fadens |
| EP2007935B1 (de) * | 2006-04-05 | 2013-08-21 | Oerlikon Textile GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abziehen und verstrecken eines multifilen fadens |
-
2007
- 2007-05-22 DE DE102007023723A patent/DE102007023723A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-05-07 AT AT08750139T patent/ATE515587T1/de active
- 2008-05-07 EP EP08750139A patent/EP2148948B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-05-07 WO PCT/EP2008/055618 patent/WO2008141940A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-05-07 CN CN200880016154A patent/CN101680137A/zh active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008141940A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102007023723A1 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
| CN101680137A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
| EP2148948B1 (de) | 2011-07-06 |
| WO2008141940A1 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
| ATE515587T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
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