EP2141555B1 - Coupled resonators for timepiece - Google Patents
Coupled resonators for timepiece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2141555B1 EP2141555B1 EP08159759A EP08159759A EP2141555B1 EP 2141555 B1 EP2141555 B1 EP 2141555B1 EP 08159759 A EP08159759 A EP 08159759A EP 08159759 A EP08159759 A EP 08159759A EP 2141555 B1 EP2141555 B1 EP 2141555B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resonator
- fixed
- spring
- resonators
- balance
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 6
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
- G04C5/005—Magnetic or electromagnetic means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a timepiece resonator resulting from the coupling of a first low frequency resonator with a second resonator at a higher frequency.
- a resonator as defined above has been described in the document EP 1 843 227 A1 .
- the first low-frequency resonator is a balance-spring and the second high-frequency resonator is a tuning fork.
- a branch of the tuning fork is directly connected to the outer turn of the hairspring to form the coupling between the two resonators.
- the purpose of this arrangement is to stabilize the frequency of operation of the timepiece and make this frequency more independent of external stresses to ultimately improve the running accuracy of the same room.
- the natural frequency of the first resonator is a few hertz, that of the second resonator being of the order of kHz.
- the idea is to enslave a first resonator very sensitive to external disturbances to a second resonator which, because of its high operating frequency, is much less sensitive to said disturbances. This enslavement will result in an improvement in the performance of the first resonator as for its impact resistance for example, this first resonator cooperating with a conventional exhaust system.
- the hourly alternation numbers of 18000, 21600 and 28800, corresponding to oscillation frequencies of 2.5, 3 and 4 Hz, are commonly used in watchmaking for the sprung balance resonator.
- watches are known with oscillating balance springs oscillating at higher frequencies, the purpose being to allow the watch to achieve better chronometric performance to wear.
- the conventional escape wheel generally has 15 teeth for frequencies of the balance-spring resonator of 2.5 to 3 Hz. This number has been widely accepted as such, because it takes into account the manufacturing problems of the escape wheel and a judicious distribution of the ratios and the number of teeth of the wheels and gears of the finishing gear of the watch. With higher frequencies of the resonator between 4 and 10Hz, gear ratios become too great, but this disadvantage disappears if the number of teeth of the escape wheel is increased. The number of 21 teeth is cited for a frequency oscillation of 5Hz, this change however bringing a reduction in safety such as rest and falls that require special care during reassembly. On the other hand and generally, it is well known that the performance of a Swiss lever escapement drops sharply above 4 or 5 Hz.
- the first low frequency resonator 2,41 is constituted by a sprung balance driven by an escapement and a finishing train 70, this wheel being actuated by a cylinder 71. Derived from the gear train 70, there is the display 72 hour materialized by needles for example.
- the second higher frequency resonator is represented by block 3,42.
- the coupling between the two resonators is represented by the double-headed block 8.46.
- the document CH 276,465 discloses a resonator system having a first resonator having a first mass of inertia associated with a first spring, and a second resonator having a second mass of inertia associated with a second spring, the second spring connecting the first and second masses of inertia for coupling the first and second resonators.
- the present invention relates to a resonator according to claim 1 of the patent.
- the resonator 1 executed according to the first embodiment of the invention can be assimilated to the equivalent diagram of the figure 2 .
- This resonator 1 results from the coupling of a first resonator 2 with a second resonator 3.
- the first resonator 2 comprises a first mass of inertia 4 (here illustrated by a square mass) associated with a first spring 5 (illustrated here by a spring helical, one end of which is attached to the square mass and whose other end is attached to a fixed part 73 of the timepiece, for example to the plate).
- the second resonator 3 comprises a second mass of inertia 6 (here illustrated by a square mass) associated with a second spring 7 (illustrated here by a spring helical whose one end is attached to the square weight and the other end is attached to a fixed portion 74 of the timepiece, for example to a bridge).
- a third spring 8 (here represented by a helical spring) is disposed between the first (4) and second (6) masses of inertia for coupling said first (2) and second (3) resonators.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 illustrate a practical construction of the first embodiment of the invention.
- the first and second masses of inertia are respectively constituted by first and second balances 4 and 6
- the first, second and third springs are respectively first, second and third spiral springs 5, 7 and 8.
- the first and second resonators 2 and 3 are arranged coaxially inside the timepiece between a plate 11 and a bridge 17.
- the invention is not limited to this arrangement, the two resonators being able to be arranged, for example, side by side in the timepiece.
- the first resonator 2 essentially comprises a first rocker 4 with which is associated a first spiral spring 5.
- This first resonator 2 is mounted on a first shaft 9 which pivots at its first end in a bearing 10 fixed in a plate 11 and its second end in a bearing 12 fixed in an intermediate bridge 13.
- the outer and inner turns of the first spiral spring 5 are respectively fixed on a peak 23 carried by the plate 11 and on an inner attachment point 28 fixed on the first shaft 9.
- the second resonator 3 essentially comprises a second rocker 6 with which is associated a second spiral spring 7.
- This second resonator 3 is mounted on a second shaft 14 which pivots at its first end in a bearing 15 fixed in the intermediate bridge 13 and its second end in a bearing 16 fixed in a bridge 17.
- the turns outer and inner of the second spiral spring 7 are respectively fixed on a stud 25 carried by the bridge 17 and on an inner attachment point 26 fixed on the second shaft 14.
- the examination of Figures 3 to 6 shows again that the first resonator 2 comprises a balance 4 having a larger diameter than the balance 6 of the resonator 3, which indicates that the frequency of the first resonator is lower than the frequency of the second resonator, provided of course that the torque developed by each of the spiral springs is substantially the same.
- the escape mechanism will be linked to the first resonator, the one that is enslaved to the second to improve its resistance to disturbances.
- the figure 4 shows that the first shaft 9 which is attached to the first resonator 2 carries a plate 18 and a plate pin 19, the latter cooperating for example with an anchor which in turn cooperates with an escape wheel.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show that this spiral spring 8 comprises two windings 20 and 21 arranged in series and mounted on either side of the intermediate bridge 13. In this way, the inner turn of the first winding 20 is fixed to an internal point of attachment. 27 fixed on the second shaft 14 while the inner coil of the second winding 21 is fixed to an inner attachment point 22 fixed on the first shaft 9, the outer turns of said windings being connected to each other by a ribbon 75.
- the third spiral spring may have only one winding.
- the inner turn of this single winding is fixed to an attachment point 27 fixed on the second shaft 14 while the outer turn is fixed to a peak carried by the first pendulum 4.
- a mechanical resonator composed of a mass and a spring is characterized by the weight of its mass m and the constant of its spring k which are expressed, in the case of the equivalent diagram of the figure 2 and in orders of magnitude relating to watchmaking, in milligram (mg) and micronewton per meter ( ⁇ N / m), respectively.
- the central question is whether the presence of the second higher frequency resonator stabilizes the frequency of the first low frequency resonator.
- the stabilization factor S is equal to two, the timepiece is twice as accurate with a system of coupled resonators as with the first resonator only. For example, a timepiece with a lead of ten seconds a day will have only five for the same period.
- the low frequency resonator 1 bears the reference 2, m 1 being the rocker arm 4, k 1 being the constant of the spiral spring 5.
- the resonator 2 higher frequency carries the reference 3, m 2 being the balance wheel 6, k 2 being the constant of the spiral spring 7. It will be noted however that in this practical example the rockers are of the same dimensions, which is not the case of the rockers of the figure 4 the second resonator having a higher natural frequency due to its higher spring constant.
- the figure 7 is a graph showing the evolution of the natural frequencies f 1 and f 2 of the coupled resonator system as a function of the constant k c of the spiral spring which couples the two resonators.
- the figure 8 is a graph showing the evolution of the stabilization factor S as a function of the constant k c of the spiral spring 8 which couples the two resonators.
- the curve S m shows the stabilizing effect resulting from the coupling of the first and second resonators on disturbances affecting the mass of inertia of the balance of the first low frequency resonator when the constant k c is varied. This effect is not very pronounced, which is relatively unimportant, the mass of inertia of the balance being little influenced by external disturbances.
- the curve S k shows the stabilizing effect that results from the coupling of the first and second resonators on disturbances affecting the torque of the spiral spring of the first resonator, ie that caused by the exhaust system. It can be seen that for a value of k c of 1 ⁇ Nm / rad, the stabilization factor is not far from reaching 2, which is positive, since it is mainly on the spiral spring that the disturbances due to inter alia spring position, shock and temperature variations.
- the resonator 40 results from the coupling of a first resonator 41 with a second resonator 42.
- the first resonator 41 comprises a first mass of inertia 43 (here illustrated by a square mass) associated with a first spring 44 (illustrated here by a spring helical, one end of which is attached to the square mass and whose other end is attached to a fixed part 73 of the timepiece, for example to the plate).
- the second resonator 42 comprises a second mass of inertia 45 (here illustrated by a square mass) associated with a second spring 46 (here illustrated by a helical spring whose one end is attached to the square mass 43 and whose other end is attached to the square mass 45).
- This second spiral spring 46 thus connects the first (43) and second (45) masses of inertia to couple said first (41) and second (42) resonators.
- the spring 46 plays a dual role here: that of forming the second resonator 42 and that of coupling the first and second resonators 41 and 42.
- the Figures 10 to 13 illustrate a practical construction of the exemplary embodiment of a resonator.
- the first and second masses of inertia are constituted respectively by first and second balances 43 and 45, and the first and second springs are respectively first and second spiral springs 44 and 46.
- the first balance 43 has a circular cage inside which is confined the second resonator 42 at higher frequency, said circular cage 43 forming with the first spiral spring 44 the first resonator 41 low frequency.
- the circular cage 43 forming the first balance is equipped with a first cheek 47 carrying a first pivoting pin 48 in a bearing 49 fixed in a plate 50.
- This first pin 48 carries a plate 51 and a plateau pin 52, the latter cooperating for example with an anchor which cooperates in turn with an escape wheel.
- the circular cage 43 is also equipped with a second cheek 53 carrying a second pin 54 pivoting in a bearing 55 fixed in a bridge 56.
- the bridge 56 is equipped with a pin 57 to which is fixed the outer turn of the first spiral spring 44 , the inner turn of said first spiral spring 44 being fixed to an internal attachment point 58 fixed on the second pin 54.
- the circular cage or balance 43 and the spiral spring 44 form the first resonator 41 at low frequency, the one of which it s is to improve performance.
- the figure 11 shows again that the second balance 45 and spiral spring 46 constituting the second resonator 42 - and which is confined in the cage 43 - are supported by a shaft 59 pivoting at its first end in a bearing 60 fixed in the first cheek 47 of the cage 43 and at its second end in a bearing 61 fixed in the second cheek 53 of the cage.
- the outer and inner turns of the second spiral spring 46 are respectively fixed to a peg 62 carried by the second cheek 53 of the cage 43 and to an inner attachment point 63 fixed on the shaft 59.
- first resonator 41 comprises a rocker or cage 43 having a larger diameter than the rocker 45 of the second resonator 42, which indicates that the frequency of the first resonator is lower than the frequency of the second resonator, the torque developed by each spiral springs being equal elsewhere. It will therefore be understood that the escape mechanism will be linked to the first resonator, the one that is to enslave the second to improve its resistance to disturbances.
- the low frequency resonator 1 is referenced 41, m 1 being the balance, or the cage 43, k 1 being the constant of the spiral spring 44 and the resonator 2 at a higher frequency has the reference 42, m 2 being the balance 45 , k c being the constant of the spiral spring 46, k c being also the spiral spring which couples the two resonators.
- the figure 14 is a graph showing the evolution of the natural frequencies f 1 and f 2 of the coupled resonator system as a function of the constant k 1 of the spiral spring 44 constituting the first resonator 41.
- the figure 15 is a graph showing the evolution of the stabilization factor - which has been defined above with respect to the first embodiment - as a function of the constant k 1 of the spiral spring 44 affecting the first resonator 41.
- the curve S m shows the stabilizing effect resulting from the coupling of the first and second resonators 41 and 42 on disturbances affecting the mass of inertia of the balance of the first low frequency resonator 41 when the constant k 1 of the spiral spring is varied. 44. This effect is much more pronounced than that observed with respect to the embodiment.
- the curve S k shows the stabilizing effect which results from the coupling of the first and second resonators 41 and 42 on disturbances affecting the torque of the spiral spring 44 of the first resonator 41. It can be seen that for a value of k 1 of 2 ⁇ N ⁇ m / rad, the stabilization factor S is of the order of 2.5.
- first low-frequency spiral balance resonator the latter being of the order of 2 to 6 Hz
- second resonator with a balance-spring balance.
- high frequency the latter being of the order of 10Hz.
- the first low frequency resonator is more sensitive to certain disturbances due for example to wearing, or to shocks than the second resonator to more high frequency.
- the first resonator cooperates easily with a usual exhaust system whereas this is not the case of the second resonator. It is therefore logical to couple the two resonators in question to benefit from both the good adaptation of the first to the exhaust system and the good insensitivity of the second to the disturbances mentioned above.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
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- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
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Description
La présente invention est relative à un résonateur pour pièce d'horlogerie résultant du couplage d'un premier résonateur à basse fréquence avec un second résonateur à plus haute fréquence.The present invention relates to a timepiece resonator resulting from the coupling of a first low frequency resonator with a second resonator at a higher frequency.
Un résonateur répondant à la définition qui vient d'être donnée a été décrit dans le document
La réalisation qui vient d'être décrite fait appel cependant à deux résonateurs très différents l'un de l'autre dont on peut penser que le couplage et l'ajustage vont présenter des difficultés, certes non pas insurmontables, mais tout de même suffisamment grandes eu égard à la faible inertie du résonateur à haute fréquence et donc à sa capacité d'influencer la marche du premier résonateur à basse fréquence.The embodiment that has just been described, however, uses two resonators very different from each other which we can think that the coupling and adjustment will present difficulties, certainly not insurmountable, but still large enough in view of the low inertia of the high frequency resonator and therefore its ability to influence the operation of the first low frequency resonator.
Il résulte de ce qui vient d'être décrit que si l'on parvient à régler la marche d'un premier résonateur à basse fréquence utilisant un balancier-spiral au moyen d'un second résonateur à plus haute fréquence utilisant aussi un balancier-spiral, on sera parvenu à stabiliser jusqu'à un certain point la fréquence de fonctionnement de la pièce d'horlogerie et cela en mettant en oeuvre des résonateurs qui n'ont plus de secret pour l'homme du métier.As a result of what has just been described, it is possible to regulate the operation of a first low-frequency resonator using a balance spring by means of a second resonator with a higher frequency also using a balance-spring it will be possible to stabilize up to a certain point the operating frequency of the timepiece and this by implementing resonators that have no secret to the skilled person.
On utilise couramment en horlogerie pour le résonateur balancier-spiral, les nombres d'alternances à l'heure de 18000, 21600 et 28800, correspondant à des fréquences d'oscillation de 2,5, 3 et 4Hz. On connait cependant des montres équipées de résonateurs à balancier-spiral oscillant à des fréquences plus élevées, le but recherché étant de permettre à la montre d'atteindre de meilleures performances chronométriques au porter.The hourly alternation numbers of 18000, 21600 and 28800, corresponding to oscillation frequencies of 2.5, 3 and 4 Hz, are commonly used in watchmaking for the sprung balance resonator. However, watches are known with oscillating balance springs oscillating at higher frequencies, the purpose being to allow the watch to achieve better chronometric performance to wear.
Comme le montre l'ouvrage
Ces avantages doivent cependant se payer par une augmentation du nombre de dents de la roue d'échappement. En effet, la roue d'échappement classique a généralement 15 dents pour des fréquences du résonateur balancier-spiral de 2,5 à 3Hz. Ce nombre a été longuement admis comme tel, car il tient compte des problèmes de fabrication de la roue d'échappement et d'une répartition judicieuse des rapports et des nombres de dents des roues et des pignons du rouage de finissage de la montre. Avec des fréquences plus élevées du résonateur se situant entre 4 et 10Hz, les rapports d'engrenages deviennent trop grands, mais cet inconvénient disparaît si l'on augmente le nombre de dents de la roue d'échappement. Le nombre de 21 dents est cité pour une fréquence d'oscillation de 5Hz, ce changement amenant cependant une réduction des sécurités telles que repos et chutes qui nécessitent un soin particulier lors du remontage. D'autre part et généralement, il est bien connu que le rendement d'un échappement à ancre suisse diminue fortement au-dessus de 4 ou 5 Hz.These advantages must however be paid for by an increase in the number of teeth of the escape wheel. Indeed, the conventional escape wheel generally has 15 teeth for frequencies of the balance-spring resonator of 2.5 to 3 Hz. This number has been widely accepted as such, because it takes into account the manufacturing problems of the escape wheel and a judicious distribution of the ratios and the number of teeth of the wheels and gears of the finishing gear of the watch. With higher frequencies of the resonator between 4 and 10Hz, gear ratios become too great, but this disadvantage disappears if the number of teeth of the escape wheel is increased. The number of 21 teeth is cited for a frequency oscillation of 5Hz, this change however bringing a reduction in safety such as rest and falls that require special care during reassembly. On the other hand and generally, it is well known that the performance of a Swiss lever escapement drops sharply above 4 or 5 Hz.
Ainsi pour bénéficier des avantages que présente un résonateur à haute fréquence on va le coupler avec un résonateur à basse fréquence ce dernier étant commandé par un échappement classique sans augmentation du nombre de dents de la roue d'échappement et avec les sécurités bien connues qui accompagnent ce type d'échappement.Thus, to benefit from the advantages of a high-frequency resonator, it will be coupled with a low-frequency resonator, the latter being controlled by a conventional escapement without increasing the number of teeth of the escape wheel and with the well-known safety devices that accompany this type of exhaust.
Cette disposition est représentée dans le schéma-bloc de la
On connait également du document
Le document
La présente invention a pour objet un résonateur conforme à la revendication 1 du brevet.The present invention relates to a resonator according to
L'invention va être expliquée maintenant en détail ci-dessous au moyen de dessins dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est un schéma bloc illustrant le résonateur de l'invention et son implication dans une pièce d'horlogerie, - la
figure 2 est un schéma équivalent montrant comment sont arrangés et couplés les deux résonateurs selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 3 est une vue en plan du premier mode de réalisation d'un résonateur résultant du couplage de résonateurs composés chacun d'un balancier-spiral, - la
figure 4 est une coupe selon la ligne IV-IV de lafigure 3 , - les
figures 5 et 6 sont des vues en perspective du résonateur montré en plan et en coupe sur lesfigures 3 et 4 . - la
figure 7 est un graphique montrant la fréquence d'oscillation propre de chacun des résonateurs lorsqu'on fait varier le couple du ressort spiral reliant les deux résonateurs, - la
figure 8 est un graphique montrant l'effet stabilisant résultant du couplage des premier et second résonateurs sur des perturbations affectant soit le couple du ressort spiral du premier résonateur, soit la masse d'inertie du balancier dudit premier résonateur lorsqu'on fait varier le couple du ressort spiral reliant les deux résonateurs, - la
figure 9 est un schéma équivalent montrant comment sont arrangés et couplés les deux résonateurs selon un exemple de résonateur ne faisait pas partie de l'object revendiqué - la
figure 10 est une vue en plan du premier exemple de résonateur résonateur résultant du couplage de résonateurs composés chacun d'un balancier-spiral, - la
figure 11 est une coupe selon la ligne XI-XI de lafigure 10 , - les
figures 12 et 13 sont des vues en perspective du résonateur montré en plan et en coupe sur lesfigures 10 et 11 , - la
figure 14 est un graphique montrant la fréquence d'oscillation propre de chacun des résonateurs lorsqu'on fait varier le couple du ressort spiral du premier résonateur, et - la
figure 15 est un graphique montrant l'effet stabilisant résultant du couplage des premier et second résonateurs sur des perturbations affectant soit le ressort spiral du premier résonateur, soit la masse d'inertie du balancier dudit premier résonateur lorsqu'on fait varier le couple du ressort spiral de ce même premier résonateur.
- the
figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating the resonator of the invention and its implication in a timepiece, - the
figure 2 is an equivalent diagram showing how the two resonators are arranged and coupled according to a first embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 3 is a plan view of the first embodiment of a resonator resulting from the coupling of resonators each composed of a balance-spring, - the
figure 4 is a section along line IV-IV of thefigure 3 , - the
Figures 5 and 6 are perspective views of the resonator shown in plan and in section on theFigures 3 and 4 . - the
figure 7 is a graph showing the own oscillation frequency of each of the resonators when the torque of the spiral spring connecting the two resonators is varied, - the
figure 8 is a graph showing the stabilizing effect resulting from the coupling of the first and second resonators on disturbances affecting either the pair of the spiral spring of the first resonator or the mass of inertia of the balance of said first resonator when the spring torque is varied. spiral connecting the two resonators, - the
figure 9 is an equivalent diagram showing how are arranged and coupled the two resonators according to an example of resonator was not part of the claimed object - the
figure 10 is a plan view of the first resonator resonator example resulting from the coupling of resonators each composed of a balance-spring, - the
figure 11 is a section along line XI-XI of thefigure 10 , - the
Figures 12 and 13 are perspective views of the resonator shown in plan and in section on theFigures 10 and 11 , - the
figure 14 is a graph showing the own oscillation frequency of each of the resonators when the spring coil torque of the first resonator is varied, and - the
figure 15 is a graph showing the stabilizing effect resulting from the coupling of the first and second resonators on disturbances affecting either the spiral spring of the first resonator or the mass of inertia of the balance of said first resonator when the torque of the spiral spring of this same first resonator.
On peut assimiler le résonateur 1 exécuté selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention au schéma équivalent de la
Les
On s'aperçoit aussi que, selon un mode préféré de l'invention, les premier et second résonateurs 2 et 3 sont disposés coaxialement à l'intérieur de la pièce d'horlogerie entre une platine 11 et un pont 17. L'invention n'est cependant pas limitée à cette disposition, les deux résonateurs pouvant être disposés, par exemple, côte à côte dans la pièce d'horlogerie.It can also be seen that, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and
Plus particulièrement et comme cela apparaît bien sur la
Le second résonateur 3 comprend essentiellement un second balancier 6 auquel est associé un second ressort spiral 7. Ce second résonateur 3 est monté sur un second arbre 14 qui pivote à sa première extrémité dans un palier 15 fixé dans le pont intermédiaire 13 et à sa seconde extrémité dans un palier 16 fixé dans un pont 17. Les spires extérieure et intérieure du deuxième ressort spiral 7 sont fixées respectivement sur un piton 25 porté par le pont 17 et sur un point d'attache intérieur 26 fixé sur le second arbre 14.The
L'examen des
Reste à décrire le couplage existant entre les résonateurs 2 et 3. Ce couplage est réalisé au moyen d'un troisième ressort spiral 8. Les
L'invention n'est pas limitée à ce qui vient d'être dit. En effet le troisième ressort spiral peut ne comporter qu'un seul enroulement. Dans ce cas, et sans qu'il soit nécessaire de le montrer par un dessin, la spire intérieure de cet enroulement unique est fixée à un point d'attache 27 fixé sur le second arbre 14 tandis que la spire extérieure est fixée à un piton porté par le premier balancier 4.The invention is not limited to what has just been said. Indeed the third spiral spring may have only one winding. In this case, and without it being necessary to show it by a drawing, the inner turn of this single winding is fixed to an
On va montrer maintenant de façon sommaire l'avantage qu'il y a de coupler deux résonateurs oscillant l'un à basse fréquence et l'autre à plus haute fréquence dans le but de rendre plus stable le résonateur oscillant à basse fréquence.We will now briefly show the advantage of coupling two resonators oscillating one low frequency and the other higher frequency in order to make more stable oscillating resonator low frequency.
Un résonateur mécanique composé d'une masse et d'un ressort est caractérisé par le poids de sa masse m et la constante de son ressort k qui s'expriment, dans le cas du schéma équivalent de la
Pour prendre un exemple relevé sur un calibre horloger courant se trouvant dans le commerce, on a k=1·10-6 Nm/rad et m = 16·10-10 kg·m2, d'où résulte la fréquence f=4Hz.To take an example taken from a current clock gauge on the market, we have ak = 1 · 10 -6 Nm / rad and m = 16 · 10 -10 kg · m 2 , which results in the frequency f = 4 Hz.
La question centrale est de savoir si la présence du second résonateur à plus haute fréquence stabilise la fréquence du premier résonateur à basse fréquence. Cet effet est pris en compte par le facteur de stabilisation S défini par :
On va prendre maintenant un exemple pratique mettant en oeuvre des premier et second résonateurs ayant les caractéristiques suivantes :
- Résonateur 1 : m1=21 mg·cm2, k1=1µN·m/rad d'où f1 =3,47Hz
- Résonateur 2 : m2=21 mg·cm2, k2=5µN·m/rad d'où f2=7,75Hz
- Resonator 1: m 1 = 21 mg · cm 2 , k 1 = 1μN · m / rad hence f 1 = 3.47 Hz
- Resonator 2: m 2 = 21 mg · cm 2 , k 2 = 5 μN · m / rad hence f 2 = 7.75 Hz
Si l'on se réfère aux
Des calculs analytiques ont permis d'établir les graphiques des
La
La
La courbe Sm montre l'effet stabilisant qui résulte du couplage des premier et second résonateurs sur des perturbations affectant la masse d'inertie du balancier du premier résonateur à basse fréquence quand on fait varier la constante kc. Cet effet n'est pas très prononcé, ce qui est relativement peu important, la masse d'inertie du balancier étant peu influencée par des perturbations extérieures.The curve S m shows the stabilizing effect resulting from the coupling of the first and second resonators on disturbances affecting the mass of inertia of the balance of the first low frequency resonator when the constant k c is varied. This effect is not very pronounced, which is relatively unimportant, the mass of inertia of the balance being little influenced by external disturbances.
La courbe Sk montre l'effet stabilisant qui résulte du couplage des premier et second résonateurs sur des perturbations affectant le couple du ressort spiral du premier résonateur, soit celui entraîné par le système d'échappement. On voit que pour une valeur de kc de 1 µNm/rad, le facteur de stabilisation n'est pas loin d'atteindre 2, ce qui est positif, car c'est surtout sur le ressort spiral que se portent les perturbations, dues entre autres à la position du ressort, aux chocs et aux variations de température.The curve S k shows the stabilizing effect that results from the coupling of the first and second resonators on disturbances affecting the torque of the spiral spring of the first resonator, ie that caused by the exhaust system. It can be seen that for a value of k c of 1 μNm / rad, the stabilization factor is not far from reaching 2, which is positive, since it is mainly on the spiral spring that the disturbances due to inter alia spring position, shock and temperature variations.
On peut assimiler le résonateur 40 exécuté selon cet example au schéma équivalent de la
Si dans le premier mode représenté par la
Les
On s'aperçoit aussi que le premier balancier 43 présente une cage circulaire à l'intérieur de laquelle est confiné le second résonateur 42 à plus haute fréquence, ladite cage circulaire 43 formant avec le premier ressort spiral 44 le premier résonateur 41 à basse fréquence.We also see that the
Comme le montre bien la coupe de la
La
L'examen des
On a montré, lors des propos tenus au sujet du mode d'exécution, l'avantage qu'il y avait de coupler deux résonateurs oscillant l'un à basse fréquence et l'autre à plus haute fréquence dans le but d'améliorer les performances du résonateur oscillant à basse fréquence. On ne reviendra donc pas ici sur la théorie développée qui s'applique également au second mode de réalisation qu'on vient de décrire.The advantages of coupling two oscillating resonators, one at low frequency and the other at higher frequency, in order to improve oscillating resonator performance at low frequency. We will not return here to the developed theory that also applies to the second embodiment just described.
On va prendre cependant un exemple pratique, soit :
- résonateur 1 : m1 = 20mg·cm2, k1=variable
- résonateur 2 : m2 = 6,4 mg·cm 2 kc=0,4µN·m/rad, k2=0
- resonator 1: m 1 = 20mg · cm 2 , k 1 = variable
- resonator 2: m 2 = 6.4 mg · cm 2 k c = 0.4μN · m / rad, k 2 = 0
Si l'on se réfère aux
Sur la base des données pratiques énoncées ci-dessus, des calculs analytiques ont permis d'établir les graphiques des
La
La
La courbe Sm montre l'effet stabilisant qui résulte du couplage des premier et second résonateurs 41 et 42 sur des perturbations affectant la masse d'inertie du balancier du premier résonateur à basse fréquence 41 quand on fait varier la constante k1 du ressort spiral 44. Cet effet est beaucoup plus prononcé que celui observé à propos du mode de réalisation.The curve S m shows the stabilizing effect resulting from the coupling of the first and
La courbe Sk montre l'effet stabilisant qui résulte du couplage des premier et second résonateurs 41 et 42 sur des perturbations affectant le couple du ressort spiral 44 du premier résonateur 41. On voit que pour une valeur de k1 de 2µN·m/rad, le facteur de stabilisation S est de l'ordre de 2,5.The curve S k shows the stabilizing effect which results from the coupling of the first and
Ce qui précède a montré que les performances d'un premier résonateur à balancier-spiral à basse fréquence, cette dernière étant de l'ordre de 2 à 6Hz, peuvent être améliorées si on le couple à un second résonateur à balancier-spiral à plus haute fréquence, cette dernière étant de l'ordre de 10Hz. Le premier résonateur à basse fréquence est plus sensible à certaines perturbations dues par exemple au porter, ou aux chocs que le second résonateur à plus haute fréquence. On peut imaginer compenser la variation thermique et/ou le défaut d'isochronisme du premier résonateur par ceux du second. Par ailleurs le premier résonateur coopère aisément avec un système d'échappement usuel alors que ce n'est pas le cas du second résonateur. Il est donc logique de coupler les deux résonateurs en question pour bénéficier à la fois de la bonne adaptation du premier au système d'échappement et de la bonne insensibilisation du second aux perturbations citées ci-dessus.The foregoing has shown that the performances of a first low-frequency spiral balance resonator, the latter being of the order of 2 to 6 Hz, can be improved if it is coupled to a second resonator with a balance-spring balance. high frequency, the latter being of the order of 10Hz. The first low frequency resonator is more sensitive to certain disturbances due for example to wearing, or to shocks than the second resonator to more high frequency. One can imagine to compensate the thermal variation and / or the isochronism defect of the first resonator by those of the second. Moreover, the first resonator cooperates easily with a usual exhaust system whereas this is not the case of the second resonator. It is therefore logical to couple the two resonators in question to benefit from both the good adaptation of the first to the exhaust system and the good insensitivity of the second to the disturbances mentioned above.
Claims (5)
- Resonator (1) for a timepiece resulting from coupling a first, low frequency resonator (2) with a second, higher frequency resonator (3), wherein the first resonator (2) has a first inertia mass (4) associated with a first spring (5), wherein the second resonator (3) has a second inertia mass (6) associated with a second spring (7), wherein a third spring (8) is arranged between the first (4) and second (6) inertia masses to couple said first (2) and second (3) resonators, said resonator being characterized in that the first and second inertia masses are respectively formed by first (4) and second (6) balances and in that the first, second and third springs are respectively first (5), second (7) and third (8) balance springs.
- Resonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first (2) and second (3) resonators are arranged coaxially inside the timepiece.
- Resonator according to claim 2, characterized in that the first resonator (2) is mounted on a first arbour (9) arranged so as to pivot at the first end thereof in a bearing (10) fixed in a bottom plate (11) and at the second end thereof in a bearing (12) fixed in an intermediate bridge (13), the outer and inner coils of the first balance spring (5) of said first resonator (2) being arranged so as to be respectively fixed to a balance spring stud (23) carried by the bottom plate (11) and on an inner point of attachment (28) fixed to said first arbour (9) and in that the second resonator (3) is mounted on a second arbour (14) arranged so as to pivot at the first end thereof in a bearing (15) fixed in said intermediate bridge (13) and at the second end thereof in a bearing (16) fixed in a bridge (17), the outer and inner coils of the second balance spring of said second resonator (3) being arranged so as to be respectively fixed one a balance spring stud (25), carried by the bridge (17) and on an inner point of attachment (26) fixed to said second arbour (14).
- Resonator according to claim 3, characterized in that the first arbour (9) carries a roller (9) and an impulse pin (19), said impulse pin being arranged so as to cooperate with an escape mechanism.
- Resonator according to claim 3, characterized in that the third balance spring (8) includes two windings (20, 21) arranged in series and arranged so as to be mounted on either side of the intermediate bridge (13), the inner coil of the first winding (20) being secured to an inner point of attachment (27) fixed to the second arbour (14) and the inner coil of the second winding (21) being secured to an inner point of attachment (22) fixed to the first arbour (9).
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE602008006057T DE602008006057D1 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-07-04 | Coupled resonators for clock |
EP08159759A EP2141555B1 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-07-04 | Coupled resonators for timepiece |
TW098121379A TW201017350A (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-06-25 | Coupled resonators for a timepiece |
US12/497,136 US7950846B2 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-07-02 | Coupled resonators for a timepiece |
KR1020090060996A KR20100004896A (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-07-06 | Coupled resonators for a timepiece |
CN2009101584127A CN101620406B (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-07-06 | Coupled resonators for timepiece |
JP2009159544A JP5302120B2 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2009-07-06 | Coupled resonators for watches |
HK10106464.2A HK1140552A1 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2010-07-02 | Coupled resonator for timepiece |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP08159759A EP2141555B1 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-07-04 | Coupled resonators for timepiece |
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EP2141555A1 EP2141555A1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
EP2141555B1 true EP2141555B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
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EP08159759A Active EP2141555B1 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-07-04 | Coupled resonators for timepiece |
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US (1) | US7950846B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2141555B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5302120B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20100004896A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101620406B (en) |
DE (1) | DE602008006057D1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1140552A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW201017350A (en) |
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2008
- 2008-07-04 EP EP08159759A patent/EP2141555B1/en active Active
- 2008-07-04 DE DE602008006057T patent/DE602008006057D1/en active Active
-
2009
- 2009-06-25 TW TW098121379A patent/TW201017350A/en unknown
- 2009-07-02 US US12/497,136 patent/US7950846B2/en active Active
- 2009-07-06 CN CN2009101584127A patent/CN101620406B/en active Active
- 2009-07-06 KR KR1020090060996A patent/KR20100004896A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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DE602008006057D1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
KR20100004896A (en) | 2010-01-13 |
TW201017350A (en) | 2010-05-01 |
JP5302120B2 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
JP2010014717A (en) | 2010-01-21 |
US7950846B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
CN101620406B (en) | 2012-04-18 |
US20100002548A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
HK1140552A1 (en) | 2010-10-15 |
EP2141555A1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
CN101620406A (en) | 2010-01-06 |
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