EP2131974B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bearbeitung einer verzahnung an einem sinterteil - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bearbeitung einer verzahnung an einem sinterteil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2131974B1
EP2131974B1 EP08714300A EP08714300A EP2131974B1 EP 2131974 B1 EP2131974 B1 EP 2131974B1 EP 08714300 A EP08714300 A EP 08714300A EP 08714300 A EP08714300 A EP 08714300A EP 2131974 B1 EP2131974 B1 EP 2131974B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toothing
section
rolling
work piece
workpiece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08714300A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2131974A1 (de
Inventor
Johannes Koller
Helmut Pamminger
Horst Rössler
Günter WINTERBACHER
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Miba Sinter Austria GmbH
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Miba Sinter Austria GmbH
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
    • B21H5/022—Finishing gear teeth with cylindrical outline, e.g. burnishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49462—Gear making
    • Y10T29/49467—Gear shaping
    • Y10T29/49471—Roll forming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for machining a toothing on the outer circumference or inner circumference of a workpiece made of pressed and sintered powder metal, according to the preambles of claims 1 (see, eg DE-T2-69 105 749 ) and 12 (see eg US-A-2 325 237 ).
  • Such a post-treatment of gears made of pressed and sintered powder metal is out DE 69 105 749 T2 known.
  • a gear to be machined is rotatably supported on a fixed axis, and a rolling mold arranged on a movable driven shaft is engaged therewith.
  • the teeth of the rolling mold roll on the teeth of the gear to be machined and compact the surface.
  • the axis of the rolling mold is radially moved by a movable slide to the axis of the to be machined Gear approximated until the desired surface compaction is achieved.
  • a drawback of such a rolling process is that the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the workpiece achievable by the rolling method is highly dependent on the starting accuracy of the sintered workpiece and the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the rolling mold.
  • a shape deviation of the sintered workpiece e.g. a taper in the axial direction can be reduced by the described method only by considerable applied by the rolling machine, acting on the movable slide adjusting forces, as counteracts the consolidation of the workpiece surface by a counteracting a required shape correction.
  • This object of the invention is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a device having the features of claim 12.
  • the advantage of the use or arrangement of two forming wheels in a common holding frame is that the rolling tool is very simple and has no special means for adjusting the forming rollers relative to each other. Slight deviations in shape or dimension of a rollforming wheel can be reduced or compensated for by the other rollforming wheel, since the finished rolled workpiece surface emerges, so to speak, as an average value on the machining by the two forming rollers.
  • the support frame can therefore be simple and robust, for example, be formed from two mutually spaced, mutually parallel plates.
  • a variant of the method according to the invention consists in additionally performing an oscillating relative movement in the axial direction during the rolling process between the workpiece and the shaping rollers.
  • the effect of this oscillating relative movement in the axial direction between the workpiece and the forming rollers is that the material displacement of the workpiece surface during the rolling process is thereby substantially facilitated.
  • axial shear stresses occur on the workpiece surface in the method according to the invention, whereby the plastic deformability of the sintered workpiece is better utilized and an improved material displacement and thus overall better compensation of shape deviations and, indirectly, dimensional deviations is possible, particularly in the axial direction.
  • the amplitude of the oscillating relative movement ie the axial relative displacement between the workpiece and the forming roller, may be at least 0.5 mm in particular, whereby a pronounced sliding action on the contacting surfaces is effected and the plastic formability of the material of the sintered workpiece is optimally utilized.
  • the method can also be carried out such that a gradual reduction of the distance between a rotation axis of the workpiece and the rolling tool and one or more cycles of the relative movement in the axial direction between the workpiece and the forming rollers occur alternately during the running rolling process.
  • a gradual reduction of the distance between a rotation axis of the workpiece and the rolling tool and one or more cycles of the relative movement in the axial direction between the workpiece and the forming rollers occur alternately during the running rolling process.
  • the teeth of the workpiece teeth each have the same properties on both tooth flanks it is advantageous if the rolling process is carried out with at least one reversal of the direction of rotation. This ensures that approximately the same plastic deformations occur on both tooth flanks of a tooth and, accordingly, similar geometric and mechanical properties are achieved.
  • the forming rollers are advantageously approximated in the radial direction until contact with the workpiece before the actual rolling process, whereby the teeth of the workpiece with the form of toothing of the forming rollers is engaged.
  • With an axial approximation of the two gears complex arrangements would be required, which adjusts the relative rotational position of the workpiece and the forming wheels so that not the tooth of a workpiece coincides with a tooth on a Formwalzrad.
  • movement is largely prevented by the free rotation of the forming rollers in the rolling tool that two tooth heads collide with each other.
  • a Formwalzradachse be mounted slidably and sprung with respect to the workpiece, whereby the mutual engagement of the teeth is additionally facilitated.
  • a drive torque for the rolling process is exerted by a rotary drive device directly on the workpiece.
  • a rotary drive device for performing the rolling process is connected directly to a receptacle for the workpiece.
  • the rolling tool in this case requires no drive device for the forming rollers and can be simple.
  • the rotary drive device can simultaneously hold the workpiece by means of a suitable receptacle and cause the rotatable mounting of the workpiece.
  • the functions of holding and driving the workpiece can thereby be accomplished with a single shot, although of course it is also possible to hold the workpiece in a receptacle and drive it with a recording device independent of the rotary drive device.
  • the rolling process is carried out with helical-toothed form rolling wheels.
  • the Formwalzradachsen be arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.
  • the Formwalzradachsen are inclined to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.
  • the compression of the workpiece toothing in the middle of the workpiece width may be increased in relation to the edge regions, ie the tooth thickness may be slightly larger at the edge due to the lower compression than in the middle of the workpiece.
  • the tooth shape can be influenced on the workpiece by special shape of the forming rollers or their teeth.
  • a convex, i. spherical shape of the workpiece teeth can be effected.
  • the rolling process is advantageously carried out so that on the surface of the toothing of the workpiece, a compression to over 95% of the density of the powder metal without pore fraction, ie the density of the solid material takes place.
  • a compression to over 95% of the density of the powder metal without pore fraction, ie the density of the solid material takes place.
  • the forming rollers and / or the receptacle with the workpiece can be made oscillatable in an oscillating manner by an adjusting device in an axial direction at least approximately axial.
  • a compact design of the rolling tool is achieved when the ratio of a pitch diameter at the teeth of a workpiece to be machined to the pitch diameters at the forming rollers is selected from a range having a lower limit of 1.0 and an upper limit of 3.5.
  • the two form rolling wheels can have the same pitch diameter, but also different dimensions - both in their pitch diameters and in their axial lengths - have.
  • the ratio of the pitch circle diameter on the rollforming wheels to a center distance between the two forming roll axes is selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.25 and an upper limit of 0.75. Together with the aforementioned size ratio between the workpiece and the forming roller, this results in a favorable arrangement of the workpiece between the two form rolling wheels.
  • a favorable geometrical arrangement of a workpiece with respect to the rollforming wheels results when two planes pointing from the axis of rotation of the workpiece through the two rollforming axes enclose an angle selected from a range having a lower limit of 60 ° and an upper limit of 170 °.
  • the method according to the invention for rolling machining is particularly suitable for toothing with small tooth sizes, since the method in this case is an economical alternative to the calibration method likewise used for the aftertreatment of sintered workpieces. Especially with large numbers of teeth and with small tooth dimensions and correspondingly small tolerances, the production of suitable calibration tools is very complicated and expensive, which is why the method is particularly advantageous when the toothing of the workpiece and the forming rollers a tooth height selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 5 mm.
  • the toothing of the forming rollers is formed as a rollable counter profile to the tooth profile of the workpiece, which as a toothed belt profile, as a toothed chain profile or elvoventes Gear profile can be carried out with sufficiently suitable geometries are known for these profiles from the prior art.
  • the rollforming wheels have an axial toothing length that is greater than an axial toothing length on the workpiece. This ensures that there is no scraping off of sintered material during the axial relative movement by the end edges of the shaping rollers.
  • the front edges of the rollforming wheels can be provided with a chamfer or a rounding
  • the adjusting device for generating the axial relative movement of the forming rollers and / or the adjustment of the distance between the axis of rotation of the workpiece and the Formwalzradachse is advantageously formed by a numerically controlled adjustment axis of a processing machine.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a device 1 for rolling machining of a workpiece 2 of pressed and sintered powder metal.
  • the device 1 comprises a receptacle 3, to which the workpiece 2 is fastened for carrying out the rolling process and is therefore rotatable about a rotation axis 4 and a rolling tool 5, with which a toothing 7 arranged on the outer circumference 6 of the workpiece 2 is roll-worked.
  • the rolling tool 5 comprises two forming rollers 8, which are each mounted rotatably about a Formwalzradachse 9 in the rolling tool 5.
  • This storage takes place in a holding frame 10, which in particular can also be made in one piece and accordingly has high strength or rigidity.
  • a Formwalzradachse 9 by axle journals 11, which protrude axially on the rollforming wheels and are used in corresponding bearing points 12 on the support frame, be formed.
  • the journal 11 may, for example, be integrally formed on the forming roller 8, but also by its own axis element, which is introduced into the Formwalzrad 8, be formed.
  • the forming rollers 8 are provided at its outer periphery with a form of toothing 13 which extends over the entire circumference of the forming rollers 8 and in the direction of the Formwalzradachse 9 has an axial toothing length 14.
  • This gearing length 14 is how Fig. 1 can be removed, greater than an axial toothing length 15 of the toothing 7 on the workpiece 2.
  • the Formwalzradachsen 9 of the Formwalzmann 8 are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 4 of the workpiece 2, different from it
  • embodiments of a rolling tool 5 possible in which the Formwalzradachsen 9 are slightly skewed with respect to the axis of rotation 4 are arranged.
  • the two Formwalzradachsen 9 have relative to each other an axial distance 16 which is substantially constant. This is effected by the fact that the bearings 12 on the support frame 10 are not adjustable relative to each other, in particular fixed. A minimal change in the axial distance 16 can result from the fact that a Formwalzradachse 9 - in Fig. 1 the above-described Formwalzradachse - based on the second Formwalzradachse 8 - in Fig. 1 the lower Formwalzradachse - at least approximately in the tangential direction 17 is movably mounted on the support frame 10.
  • the bearing point 12 may be formed in the sliding Formwalzradachse 9 in the form of a link 18 in which the journal 11 of the Formwalzrades in relation to the other Formwalzradachse 9, approximately tangential direction 17 is movable.
  • the link 18 can for example be made such that instead of a conventional hole a slot in the support frame 10 is made. Notwithstanding the illustrated embodiment, both Formwalzradachsen 9 can be mounted in the same manner movable on the support frame 10.
  • the rolling tool 5 is fastened with its holding frame 10 on a tool carrier 19 of a processing machine, not shown.
  • This storage may be rigid, but also have a mobility between the support frame 10 and the tool carrier 19 by a pivot bearing 20 is formed between the support frame 10 and the tool carrier 19.
  • the possible pivoting angle for this movable bearing is limited by stable stops and held in a range of a few degrees, as too great a mobility of this storage could adversely affect the stability of the rolling tool 5 during operation.
  • the receptacle 3, on which the workpiece to be machined 2 can be fixed comprises a mandrel 21, with which the workpiece 2 can be clamped to an inner diameter.
  • the mandrel 21 includes to two or more clamping elements 22 which can be pressed by a tensioning device, not shown, against the inner diameter of the workpiece 2, whereby a concentric Posititin ist of the workpiece 2 with respect to the axis of rotation 4 and at the same time a torque-fixed connection between the workpiece 2 and 3 taken becomes.
  • the receptacle 3 is arranged on a drivable spindle 23, which is indicated only in part Rotary drive device 24 is connected.
  • the workpiece 2 Before starting the process, the workpiece 2 is placed in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 on the mandrel 21 and fixed by means of the clamping elements 22 on this.
  • the rolling tool 5 is positioned at a sufficient distance from the axis of rotation 4. After fixing the workpiece 2 to the receptacle 3, the rolling tool 5 is moved to the processing position.
  • the holding frame 10 with the two Formwalzmannn 8 by means of the tool carrier 19 at least approximately radially relative to the axis of rotation 4 approaches to this, causing the form of teeth 13 of the Formwalzcken 8 with the teeth 7 of the workpiece 2 engage.
  • the workpiece 2 is preferably still at a standstill, but it can also already perform a rotational movement about the axis of rotation 4. Due to the free rotational mobility of the forming rollers 8 find in the radial approach of the rolling tool 5 to the workpiece 2, the teeth of the teeth 7 easily in the tooth gaps of the toothing 13. Since it may happen in exceptional cases, that a tooth tip of the Formwalzrades 8 exactly radially with a tooth tip the toothing 7 of the workpiece 2 coincides and a mutual engagement of the teeth would be blocked, supports the additional mobility of a Formwalzradachse 9 with respect to the holding frame 10, the mutual engagement of the form of teeth 13 in the toothing. 7
  • corresponding rolling forces must act between the shaped teeth 13 and the toothing 7, which are caused by the roll tool 5 being subjected to force in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 at least approximately in a radial direction 26. This is done by pressing the tool carrier 19 in the radial direction 26 with a corresponding force. This force applied in the radial direction 26 causes the rolling forces acting between the workpiece 2 and the forming wheels 8, which depend on The size ratios, in particular of the diameter ratios, can also assume very high values.
  • the toothing 7 is improved in its dimensional and shape accuracy by the profile of the shaped toothing 13 and the surface density is increased.
  • a correction of deviations can be made by correcting the tooth thicknesses and / or the tooth heights on the toothing 7 by slight plastic deformations; a correction of deviations in shape, for example, is possible in that a taper in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 or a concentricity on the tooth tip circle or the Zahnfuß Vietnamese is improved.
  • the surface compaction for example, the wear resistance of the tooth flanks or the Zahnfuß strength can be improved.
  • the rolling forces occurring during the rolling process can be controlled so that the force exerted by the rolling tool 5 on the workpiece 2 force is controlled by the force acting on the tool carrier 19, for example, linear or stepwise increasing.
  • the rolling forces acting between the forming rollers 8 and the workpiece 2 take place at a constant distance of the rolling tool 5 to the axis of rotation 4 due to the occurring plastic Umförmreae until the rolling tool 5 is approximated again by a small displacement to the axis of rotation 4.
  • the rolling process can thus be performed force-controlled or path-controlled.
  • Fig. 1 shows a workpiece with a straight toothing 7, accordingly, the form of teeth 13 of the Formwalzmann 8 are also running. Deviating from this, however, it is also possible to modify the method or the device 1 such that also workpieces 2 can be processed with helical gearing. This can be achieved by the form of toothing 13 of the forming rollers 8 is designed as helical teeth.
  • the rolling tool 5 must be introduced axially in this case in the region of the toothing 7, further, in the course of rolling, the distance between the rotation axis 4 and the rolling tool 5 is increased in order to achieve the desired rolling forces.
  • the Formwalzcken 8 are preferably made smaller than for external machining to again different pitch circle diameter ranges to be able to cover the workpieces 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of the device according to Fig. 1 with the workpiece 2 and the rolling tool 5 in the working position, in which the toothed formations 13 of the forming rollers 8 with the toothing 7 on the outer diameter 6 of the workpiece 2 are engaged.
  • the toothing 7 of the workpiece 2 has a pitch circle diameter 29, which in the illustrated embodiment corresponds approximately to twice a pitch circle diameter 30 of the toothed formations 13 of the forming wheels 8.
  • a distance 31 measured from the axis of rotation 4 to a forming roller axis 9 thus corresponds to half the sum of the pitch circle diameter 29 of the workpiece 2 and the respective pitch circle diameter 30 of the considered rollforming wheel 9.
  • the pitch circle diameter 30 of the rollforming wheels 8 are chosen to be the same size in the illustrated embodiment, but deviating from the two Formwalzmann may also have different pitch circle diameter 30.
  • the ratio of the pitch circle diameter 29 of the workpiece 2 and the pitch circle diameters 30 of the forming rollers 8 is preferably selected from a range having a lower limit of 1.0 and an upper limit of 3.5. Further, the ratio between the pitch diameters 30 of the forming rollers 8 and the center distance 16 between the forming roller axles 9 thereof is preferably selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.25 and an upper limit of 0.75.
  • This selection of the size ratios also influences the possible range of the spread angle 33, which is advantageously between a lower limit of 60 ° and an upper limit of 170 °.
  • the spread angle 33 can be at a lower overall force acting on the rolling tool 5 in the radial direction 26 large radial rolling forces between the forming rollers 8 and the workpiece 2 are effective, which must be taken by a robust and rigid design of the support frame 10. This is at the in Fig. 1 illustrated one-piece design of the support frame 10 given the best possible.
  • Fig. 2 further shows the attachment of the support frame 10 on the tool carrier 19 by means of a pivot bearing 20, wherein the possible pivot angle is kept low by a small clearance 34 between abutment surfaces 35 on the support frame 10 and abutment surfaces 36 on the tool carrier 19, since a force balance between the two Formwalzmannn 9 already can adjust 10 at the slightest compensatory movements of the support frame.
  • this pivotable mounting is also causes, if necessary, thereby resulting pulsating forces are transmitted to the holding frame 10 only attenuated in the tool carrier 19 by the rolling motion of the form of teeth 13 with the toothing.
  • the inventive method is very well suited for reducing dimensional and form deviations in workpieces 2 with many, relatively small teeth, as it is much cheaper, especially for these cases, such as calibration by means of a highly accurate calibration tool, each only for exactly one Workpiece dimension is used.
  • a whole range of workpiece geometries, in particular different pitch circle diameter 29 are covered, which nevertheless small scale effort very dimensionally accurate and dimensionally accurate on sintered workpieces 2 can be produced, as required for example for timing pulleys for high-speed valve trains.
  • An in Fig. 2 illustrated tooth height 37 of the workpiece 2 produced by the method according to the invention is therefore preferably between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP08714300A 2007-03-28 2008-03-21 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bearbeitung einer verzahnung an einem sinterteil Active EP2131974B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA484/2007A AT505118B1 (de) 2007-03-28 2007-03-28 Verfahren zur bearbeitung einer verzahnung an einem sinterteil
PCT/AT2008/000103 WO2008116243A1 (de) 2007-03-28 2008-03-21 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bearbeitung einer verzahnung an einem sinterteil

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2131974A1 EP2131974A1 (de) 2009-12-16
EP2131974B1 true EP2131974B1 (de) 2011-05-11

Family

ID=39620322

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08714300A Active EP2131974B1 (de) 2007-03-28 2008-03-21 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bearbeitung einer verzahnung an einem sinterteil

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8783080B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP2131974B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2010522083A (ja)
CN (1) CN101678436B (ja)
AT (2) AT505118B1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2680320A1 (ja)
ES (1) ES2365443T3 (ja)
WO (1) WO2008116243A1 (ja)

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CN109262196B (zh) * 2018-10-16 2021-04-23 内蒙古第一机械集团股份有限公司 一种粉末冶金摩擦片内齿齿根的滑压强化方法
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PL1574286T3 (pl) 2004-03-01 2008-08-29 Wolfgang Linnenbrink Sposób pracy i urządzenie do nagniatania kół zębatych
DE102005027054A1 (de) 2005-06-10 2006-12-28 Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh Werkstück mit unterschiedlicher Beschaffenheit
WO2008139323A2 (en) * 2007-05-11 2008-11-20 Stackpole Limited Powder metal internal gear rolling process

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AT505118A1 (de) 2008-10-15
EP2131974A1 (de) 2009-12-16
CN101678436A (zh) 2010-03-24
CA2680320A1 (en) 2008-10-02
US20100064755A1 (en) 2010-03-18
ATE508815T1 (de) 2011-05-15
US8783080B2 (en) 2014-07-22
WO2008116243A1 (de) 2008-10-02
AT505118B1 (de) 2013-03-15
ES2365443T3 (es) 2011-10-05
JP2010522083A (ja) 2010-07-01
CN101678436B (zh) 2012-02-01

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