EP2131974B1 - Method and device for machining a toothing on a sintered part - Google Patents

Method and device for machining a toothing on a sintered part Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2131974B1
EP2131974B1 EP08714300A EP08714300A EP2131974B1 EP 2131974 B1 EP2131974 B1 EP 2131974B1 EP 08714300 A EP08714300 A EP 08714300A EP 08714300 A EP08714300 A EP 08714300A EP 2131974 B1 EP2131974 B1 EP 2131974B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toothing
section
rolling
work piece
workpiece
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EP08714300A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2131974A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Koller
Helmut Pamminger
Horst Rössler
Günter WINTERBACHER
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Miba Sinter Austria GmbH
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Miba Sinter Austria GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21HMAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B21H5/02Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
    • B21H5/022Finishing gear teeth with cylindrical outline, e.g. burnishing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/08Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49462Gear making
    • Y10T29/49467Gear shaping
    • Y10T29/49471Roll forming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for machining a toothing on the outer circumference or inner circumference of a workpiece made of pressed and sintered powder metal, according to the preambles of claims 1 (see, eg DE-T2-69 105 749 ) and 12 (see eg US-A-2 325 237 ).
  • Such a post-treatment of gears made of pressed and sintered powder metal is out DE 69 105 749 T2 known.
  • a gear to be machined is rotatably supported on a fixed axis, and a rolling mold arranged on a movable driven shaft is engaged therewith.
  • the teeth of the rolling mold roll on the teeth of the gear to be machined and compact the surface.
  • the axis of the rolling mold is radially moved by a movable slide to the axis of the to be machined Gear approximated until the desired surface compaction is achieved.
  • a drawback of such a rolling process is that the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the workpiece achievable by the rolling method is highly dependent on the starting accuracy of the sintered workpiece and the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the rolling mold.
  • a shape deviation of the sintered workpiece e.g. a taper in the axial direction can be reduced by the described method only by considerable applied by the rolling machine, acting on the movable slide adjusting forces, as counteracts the consolidation of the workpiece surface by a counteracting a required shape correction.
  • This object of the invention is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a device having the features of claim 12.
  • the advantage of the use or arrangement of two forming wheels in a common holding frame is that the rolling tool is very simple and has no special means for adjusting the forming rollers relative to each other. Slight deviations in shape or dimension of a rollforming wheel can be reduced or compensated for by the other rollforming wheel, since the finished rolled workpiece surface emerges, so to speak, as an average value on the machining by the two forming rollers.
  • the support frame can therefore be simple and robust, for example, be formed from two mutually spaced, mutually parallel plates.
  • a variant of the method according to the invention consists in additionally performing an oscillating relative movement in the axial direction during the rolling process between the workpiece and the shaping rollers.
  • the effect of this oscillating relative movement in the axial direction between the workpiece and the forming rollers is that the material displacement of the workpiece surface during the rolling process is thereby substantially facilitated.
  • axial shear stresses occur on the workpiece surface in the method according to the invention, whereby the plastic deformability of the sintered workpiece is better utilized and an improved material displacement and thus overall better compensation of shape deviations and, indirectly, dimensional deviations is possible, particularly in the axial direction.
  • the amplitude of the oscillating relative movement ie the axial relative displacement between the workpiece and the forming roller, may be at least 0.5 mm in particular, whereby a pronounced sliding action on the contacting surfaces is effected and the plastic formability of the material of the sintered workpiece is optimally utilized.
  • the method can also be carried out such that a gradual reduction of the distance between a rotation axis of the workpiece and the rolling tool and one or more cycles of the relative movement in the axial direction between the workpiece and the forming rollers occur alternately during the running rolling process.
  • a gradual reduction of the distance between a rotation axis of the workpiece and the rolling tool and one or more cycles of the relative movement in the axial direction between the workpiece and the forming rollers occur alternately during the running rolling process.
  • the teeth of the workpiece teeth each have the same properties on both tooth flanks it is advantageous if the rolling process is carried out with at least one reversal of the direction of rotation. This ensures that approximately the same plastic deformations occur on both tooth flanks of a tooth and, accordingly, similar geometric and mechanical properties are achieved.
  • the forming rollers are advantageously approximated in the radial direction until contact with the workpiece before the actual rolling process, whereby the teeth of the workpiece with the form of toothing of the forming rollers is engaged.
  • With an axial approximation of the two gears complex arrangements would be required, which adjusts the relative rotational position of the workpiece and the forming wheels so that not the tooth of a workpiece coincides with a tooth on a Formwalzrad.
  • movement is largely prevented by the free rotation of the forming rollers in the rolling tool that two tooth heads collide with each other.
  • a Formwalzradachse be mounted slidably and sprung with respect to the workpiece, whereby the mutual engagement of the teeth is additionally facilitated.
  • a drive torque for the rolling process is exerted by a rotary drive device directly on the workpiece.
  • a rotary drive device for performing the rolling process is connected directly to a receptacle for the workpiece.
  • the rolling tool in this case requires no drive device for the forming rollers and can be simple.
  • the rotary drive device can simultaneously hold the workpiece by means of a suitable receptacle and cause the rotatable mounting of the workpiece.
  • the functions of holding and driving the workpiece can thereby be accomplished with a single shot, although of course it is also possible to hold the workpiece in a receptacle and drive it with a recording device independent of the rotary drive device.
  • the rolling process is carried out with helical-toothed form rolling wheels.
  • the Formwalzradachsen be arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.
  • the Formwalzradachsen are inclined to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.
  • the compression of the workpiece toothing in the middle of the workpiece width may be increased in relation to the edge regions, ie the tooth thickness may be slightly larger at the edge due to the lower compression than in the middle of the workpiece.
  • the tooth shape can be influenced on the workpiece by special shape of the forming rollers or their teeth.
  • a convex, i. spherical shape of the workpiece teeth can be effected.
  • the rolling process is advantageously carried out so that on the surface of the toothing of the workpiece, a compression to over 95% of the density of the powder metal without pore fraction, ie the density of the solid material takes place.
  • a compression to over 95% of the density of the powder metal without pore fraction, ie the density of the solid material takes place.
  • the forming rollers and / or the receptacle with the workpiece can be made oscillatable in an oscillating manner by an adjusting device in an axial direction at least approximately axial.
  • a compact design of the rolling tool is achieved when the ratio of a pitch diameter at the teeth of a workpiece to be machined to the pitch diameters at the forming rollers is selected from a range having a lower limit of 1.0 and an upper limit of 3.5.
  • the two form rolling wheels can have the same pitch diameter, but also different dimensions - both in their pitch diameters and in their axial lengths - have.
  • the ratio of the pitch circle diameter on the rollforming wheels to a center distance between the two forming roll axes is selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.25 and an upper limit of 0.75. Together with the aforementioned size ratio between the workpiece and the forming roller, this results in a favorable arrangement of the workpiece between the two form rolling wheels.
  • a favorable geometrical arrangement of a workpiece with respect to the rollforming wheels results when two planes pointing from the axis of rotation of the workpiece through the two rollforming axes enclose an angle selected from a range having a lower limit of 60 ° and an upper limit of 170 °.
  • the method according to the invention for rolling machining is particularly suitable for toothing with small tooth sizes, since the method in this case is an economical alternative to the calibration method likewise used for the aftertreatment of sintered workpieces. Especially with large numbers of teeth and with small tooth dimensions and correspondingly small tolerances, the production of suitable calibration tools is very complicated and expensive, which is why the method is particularly advantageous when the toothing of the workpiece and the forming rollers a tooth height selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 5 mm.
  • the toothing of the forming rollers is formed as a rollable counter profile to the tooth profile of the workpiece, which as a toothed belt profile, as a toothed chain profile or elvoventes Gear profile can be carried out with sufficiently suitable geometries are known for these profiles from the prior art.
  • the rollforming wheels have an axial toothing length that is greater than an axial toothing length on the workpiece. This ensures that there is no scraping off of sintered material during the axial relative movement by the end edges of the shaping rollers.
  • the front edges of the rollforming wheels can be provided with a chamfer or a rounding
  • the adjusting device for generating the axial relative movement of the forming rollers and / or the adjustment of the distance between the axis of rotation of the workpiece and the Formwalzradachse is advantageously formed by a numerically controlled adjustment axis of a processing machine.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a device 1 for rolling machining of a workpiece 2 of pressed and sintered powder metal.
  • the device 1 comprises a receptacle 3, to which the workpiece 2 is fastened for carrying out the rolling process and is therefore rotatable about a rotation axis 4 and a rolling tool 5, with which a toothing 7 arranged on the outer circumference 6 of the workpiece 2 is roll-worked.
  • the rolling tool 5 comprises two forming rollers 8, which are each mounted rotatably about a Formwalzradachse 9 in the rolling tool 5.
  • This storage takes place in a holding frame 10, which in particular can also be made in one piece and accordingly has high strength or rigidity.
  • a Formwalzradachse 9 by axle journals 11, which protrude axially on the rollforming wheels and are used in corresponding bearing points 12 on the support frame, be formed.
  • the journal 11 may, for example, be integrally formed on the forming roller 8, but also by its own axis element, which is introduced into the Formwalzrad 8, be formed.
  • the forming rollers 8 are provided at its outer periphery with a form of toothing 13 which extends over the entire circumference of the forming rollers 8 and in the direction of the Formwalzradachse 9 has an axial toothing length 14.
  • This gearing length 14 is how Fig. 1 can be removed, greater than an axial toothing length 15 of the toothing 7 on the workpiece 2.
  • the Formwalzradachsen 9 of the Formwalzmann 8 are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 4 of the workpiece 2, different from it
  • embodiments of a rolling tool 5 possible in which the Formwalzradachsen 9 are slightly skewed with respect to the axis of rotation 4 are arranged.
  • the two Formwalzradachsen 9 have relative to each other an axial distance 16 which is substantially constant. This is effected by the fact that the bearings 12 on the support frame 10 are not adjustable relative to each other, in particular fixed. A minimal change in the axial distance 16 can result from the fact that a Formwalzradachse 9 - in Fig. 1 the above-described Formwalzradachse - based on the second Formwalzradachse 8 - in Fig. 1 the lower Formwalzradachse - at least approximately in the tangential direction 17 is movably mounted on the support frame 10.
  • the bearing point 12 may be formed in the sliding Formwalzradachse 9 in the form of a link 18 in which the journal 11 of the Formwalzrades in relation to the other Formwalzradachse 9, approximately tangential direction 17 is movable.
  • the link 18 can for example be made such that instead of a conventional hole a slot in the support frame 10 is made. Notwithstanding the illustrated embodiment, both Formwalzradachsen 9 can be mounted in the same manner movable on the support frame 10.
  • the rolling tool 5 is fastened with its holding frame 10 on a tool carrier 19 of a processing machine, not shown.
  • This storage may be rigid, but also have a mobility between the support frame 10 and the tool carrier 19 by a pivot bearing 20 is formed between the support frame 10 and the tool carrier 19.
  • the possible pivoting angle for this movable bearing is limited by stable stops and held in a range of a few degrees, as too great a mobility of this storage could adversely affect the stability of the rolling tool 5 during operation.
  • the receptacle 3, on which the workpiece to be machined 2 can be fixed comprises a mandrel 21, with which the workpiece 2 can be clamped to an inner diameter.
  • the mandrel 21 includes to two or more clamping elements 22 which can be pressed by a tensioning device, not shown, against the inner diameter of the workpiece 2, whereby a concentric Posititin ist of the workpiece 2 with respect to the axis of rotation 4 and at the same time a torque-fixed connection between the workpiece 2 and 3 taken becomes.
  • the receptacle 3 is arranged on a drivable spindle 23, which is indicated only in part Rotary drive device 24 is connected.
  • the workpiece 2 Before starting the process, the workpiece 2 is placed in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 on the mandrel 21 and fixed by means of the clamping elements 22 on this.
  • the rolling tool 5 is positioned at a sufficient distance from the axis of rotation 4. After fixing the workpiece 2 to the receptacle 3, the rolling tool 5 is moved to the processing position.
  • the holding frame 10 with the two Formwalzmannn 8 by means of the tool carrier 19 at least approximately radially relative to the axis of rotation 4 approaches to this, causing the form of teeth 13 of the Formwalzcken 8 with the teeth 7 of the workpiece 2 engage.
  • the workpiece 2 is preferably still at a standstill, but it can also already perform a rotational movement about the axis of rotation 4. Due to the free rotational mobility of the forming rollers 8 find in the radial approach of the rolling tool 5 to the workpiece 2, the teeth of the teeth 7 easily in the tooth gaps of the toothing 13. Since it may happen in exceptional cases, that a tooth tip of the Formwalzrades 8 exactly radially with a tooth tip the toothing 7 of the workpiece 2 coincides and a mutual engagement of the teeth would be blocked, supports the additional mobility of a Formwalzradachse 9 with respect to the holding frame 10, the mutual engagement of the form of teeth 13 in the toothing. 7
  • corresponding rolling forces must act between the shaped teeth 13 and the toothing 7, which are caused by the roll tool 5 being subjected to force in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 at least approximately in a radial direction 26. This is done by pressing the tool carrier 19 in the radial direction 26 with a corresponding force. This force applied in the radial direction 26 causes the rolling forces acting between the workpiece 2 and the forming wheels 8, which depend on The size ratios, in particular of the diameter ratios, can also assume very high values.
  • the toothing 7 is improved in its dimensional and shape accuracy by the profile of the shaped toothing 13 and the surface density is increased.
  • a correction of deviations can be made by correcting the tooth thicknesses and / or the tooth heights on the toothing 7 by slight plastic deformations; a correction of deviations in shape, for example, is possible in that a taper in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 or a concentricity on the tooth tip circle or the Zahnfuß Vietnamese is improved.
  • the surface compaction for example, the wear resistance of the tooth flanks or the Zahnfuß strength can be improved.
  • the rolling forces occurring during the rolling process can be controlled so that the force exerted by the rolling tool 5 on the workpiece 2 force is controlled by the force acting on the tool carrier 19, for example, linear or stepwise increasing.
  • the rolling forces acting between the forming rollers 8 and the workpiece 2 take place at a constant distance of the rolling tool 5 to the axis of rotation 4 due to the occurring plastic Umförmreae until the rolling tool 5 is approximated again by a small displacement to the axis of rotation 4.
  • the rolling process can thus be performed force-controlled or path-controlled.
  • Fig. 1 shows a workpiece with a straight toothing 7, accordingly, the form of teeth 13 of the Formwalzmann 8 are also running. Deviating from this, however, it is also possible to modify the method or the device 1 such that also workpieces 2 can be processed with helical gearing. This can be achieved by the form of toothing 13 of the forming rollers 8 is designed as helical teeth.
  • the rolling tool 5 must be introduced axially in this case in the region of the toothing 7, further, in the course of rolling, the distance between the rotation axis 4 and the rolling tool 5 is increased in order to achieve the desired rolling forces.
  • the Formwalzcken 8 are preferably made smaller than for external machining to again different pitch circle diameter ranges to be able to cover the workpieces 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of the device according to Fig. 1 with the workpiece 2 and the rolling tool 5 in the working position, in which the toothed formations 13 of the forming rollers 8 with the toothing 7 on the outer diameter 6 of the workpiece 2 are engaged.
  • the toothing 7 of the workpiece 2 has a pitch circle diameter 29, which in the illustrated embodiment corresponds approximately to twice a pitch circle diameter 30 of the toothed formations 13 of the forming wheels 8.
  • a distance 31 measured from the axis of rotation 4 to a forming roller axis 9 thus corresponds to half the sum of the pitch circle diameter 29 of the workpiece 2 and the respective pitch circle diameter 30 of the considered rollforming wheel 9.
  • the pitch circle diameter 30 of the rollforming wheels 8 are chosen to be the same size in the illustrated embodiment, but deviating from the two Formwalzmann may also have different pitch circle diameter 30.
  • the ratio of the pitch circle diameter 29 of the workpiece 2 and the pitch circle diameters 30 of the forming rollers 8 is preferably selected from a range having a lower limit of 1.0 and an upper limit of 3.5. Further, the ratio between the pitch diameters 30 of the forming rollers 8 and the center distance 16 between the forming roller axles 9 thereof is preferably selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.25 and an upper limit of 0.75.
  • This selection of the size ratios also influences the possible range of the spread angle 33, which is advantageously between a lower limit of 60 ° and an upper limit of 170 °.
  • the spread angle 33 can be at a lower overall force acting on the rolling tool 5 in the radial direction 26 large radial rolling forces between the forming rollers 8 and the workpiece 2 are effective, which must be taken by a robust and rigid design of the support frame 10. This is at the in Fig. 1 illustrated one-piece design of the support frame 10 given the best possible.
  • Fig. 2 further shows the attachment of the support frame 10 on the tool carrier 19 by means of a pivot bearing 20, wherein the possible pivot angle is kept low by a small clearance 34 between abutment surfaces 35 on the support frame 10 and abutment surfaces 36 on the tool carrier 19, since a force balance between the two Formwalzmannn 9 already can adjust 10 at the slightest compensatory movements of the support frame.
  • this pivotable mounting is also causes, if necessary, thereby resulting pulsating forces are transmitted to the holding frame 10 only attenuated in the tool carrier 19 by the rolling motion of the form of teeth 13 with the toothing.
  • the inventive method is very well suited for reducing dimensional and form deviations in workpieces 2 with many, relatively small teeth, as it is much cheaper, especially for these cases, such as calibration by means of a highly accurate calibration tool, each only for exactly one Workpiece dimension is used.
  • a whole range of workpiece geometries, in particular different pitch circle diameter 29 are covered, which nevertheless small scale effort very dimensionally accurate and dimensionally accurate on sintered workpieces 2 can be produced, as required for example for timing pulleys for high-speed valve trains.
  • An in Fig. 2 illustrated tooth height 37 of the workpiece 2 produced by the method according to the invention is therefore preferably between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for machining a toothing (7) on an outer circumference (6) or an inner circumference of a work piece (2) made of pressed and sintered powder metal, by means of a rolling process on the toothing (7) using two rotatable section rolling wheels (8), which comprise a formed toothing (13) engaging in the toothing (7) of the work piece (2). Two section rolling wheels (8) are rotatably arranged with at least approximately constant center distances (16) from each other between the section rolling wheels axles (9) in a common supporting frame (10). The invention further relates to a device for a rolling treatment of a toothing.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung einer Verzahnung am Außenumfang oder Innenumfang eines Werkstücks aus gepresstem und gesinterten Pulvermetall, gemäß den Oberbegriffen der Ansprüche 1 (siehe z.B. DE-T2-69 105 749 ) und 12 (siehe z.B. US-A-2 325 237 ).The invention relates to a method and a device for machining a toothing on the outer circumference or inner circumference of a workpiece made of pressed and sintered powder metal, according to the preambles of claims 1 (see, eg DE-T2-69 105 749 ) and 12 (see eg US-A-2 325 237 ).

Aus Metallpulver gepresste und anschließend gesinterte Werkstücke weisen nach dem Sintern aufgrund ihres Herstellverfahrens eine mehr oder weniger stark ausgeprägte Porosität auf. Diese Porosität bewirkt insbesondere bei Zahnrädern, Zahnriemenrädern oder Zahnkettenrädern und dgl. eine Herabsetzung der Dauerbiegefestigkeit im Bereich der Zahnfüße und eine verringerte Verschleißfestigkeit im Bereich der Zahnflanken. Weiters erfahren gesinterte Werkstücke, abhängig von der Zusammensetzung des Pulvermetalls, sowie den Verfahrenparametem beim Pressen und Sintern eine mehr oder weniger stark ausgeprägte Dimensionsänderung durch Schwinden oder Wachsen während des Sintervorgangs. Bei Werkstücken mit hohen Genauigkeitsanforderungen kann dadurch die nach dem Sintervorgang erreichte Maß- und Formgenauigkeit gegebenenfalls noch nicht ausreichend sein. Zur Vermeidung dieser Nachteile ist es bekannt, Werkstücke aus gepresstem und gesintertem Pulvermetall an ihrer Oberfläche durch Walzen nachzubehandeln. Durch einen derartigen Walzvorgang findet einerseits eine Verdichtung einer Oberflächenschicht des gesinterten Werkstücks statt, wodurch die Dauerfestigkeit als auch die Verschleißfestigkeit erhöht werden, andererseits können dadurch Maß- und Formabweichungen reduziert werden.From metal powder pressed and then sintered workpieces have a more or less pronounced porosity after sintering due to their manufacturing process. This porosity causes a reduction in flex life in the area of the tooth roots and reduced wear resistance in the region of the tooth flanks, in particular in the case of toothed wheels, toothed belt wheels or toothed sprockets and the like. Furthermore, sintered workpieces, depending on the composition of the powder metal, as well as the process parameters during pressing and sintering undergo a more or less pronounced dimensional change due to shrinkage or growth during the sintering process. For workpieces with high accuracy requirements, the dimensional and dimensional accuracy achieved after the sintering process may not be sufficient. To avoid these disadvantages, it is known to post-treat workpieces made of pressed and sintered powder metal on their surface by rolling. By such a rolling process, on the one hand, a densification of a surface layer of the sintered workpiece takes place, whereby the fatigue strength and the wear resistance are increased, on the other hand, by dimensional and form deviations can be reduced.

Eine derartige Nachbehandlung von Zahnrädern aus gepresstem und gesintertem Pulvermetall ist aus DE 69 105 749 T2 bekannt. Diese beschreibt die Oberflächenbearbeitung von Zahnrädern mit Walzmaschinen, wodurch deren Oberfläche im Bereich der Zähne durch Walzen verdichtet wird und über eine Tiefe von wenigstens 380 µm eine Verdichtung im Bereich von 90 bis 100 % erreicht wird. Bei den beschriebenen Einfach- und Zwillingswalzmaschinen wird ein zu bearbeitendes Zahnrad auf einer festen Achse drehbar gelagert und eine Walzform, die auf einer beweglichen, angetriebenen Achse angeordnet ist mit diesem in Eingriff gebracht. Dabei wälzen sich die Zähne der Walzform an den Zähnen des zu bearbeitenden Zahnrads ab und verdichten dessen Oberfläche. Während des Walzvorgangs wird die Achse der Walzform durch einen beweglichen Schlitten radial an die Achse des zu bearbeitenden Zahnrads angenähert, bis die gewünschte Oberflächenverdichtung erreicht ist.Such a post-treatment of gears made of pressed and sintered powder metal is out DE 69 105 749 T2 known. This describes the surface treatment of gears with rolling machines, whereby their surface is compacted in the teeth by rollers and over a depth of at least 380 microns, a compression in the range of 90 to 100% is achieved. In the described single and twin rolling machines, a gear to be machined is rotatably supported on a fixed axis, and a rolling mold arranged on a movable driven shaft is engaged therewith. The teeth of the rolling mold roll on the teeth of the gear to be machined and compact the surface. During the rolling process, the axis of the rolling mold is radially moved by a movable slide to the axis of the to be machined Gear approximated until the desired surface compaction is achieved.

Ein Nachteil eines derartigen Walzverfahrens besteht darin, dass die durch das Walzverfahren erreichbare Maßgenauigkeit und Formgenauigkeit des Werkstücks stark abhängig ist von der Ausgangsgenauigkeit des gesinterten Werkstücks und der Maßgenauigkeit und Formgenauigkeit der Walzform. Beispielsweise kann eine Formabweichung des gesinterten Werkstücks, z.B. eine Konizität in Axialrichtung, durch das beschriebene Verfahren nur durch beträchtliche von der Walzmaschine aufzubringende, auf den beweglichen Schlitten wirkende Einstellkräfte reduziert werden, da die durch die Verdichtung eintretende Verfestigung der Werkstückoberfläche einer erforderlichen Formkorrektur entgegenwirkt.A drawback of such a rolling process is that the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the workpiece achievable by the rolling method is highly dependent on the starting accuracy of the sintered workpiece and the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the rolling mold. For example, a shape deviation of the sintered workpiece, e.g. a taper in the axial direction can be reduced by the described method only by considerable applied by the rolling machine, acting on the movable slide adjusting forces, as counteracts the consolidation of the workpiece surface by a counteracting a required shape correction.

Um eine bessere Form- und Maßgenauigkeit der Verzahnung zu erreichen, gibt es Verfahren, bei denen bei der Walzbearbeitung zwei oder mehrere Walzformen gleichzeitig mit dem Werkstück im Eingriff stehen. Die dazu verwendeten Vorrichtungen sind aufwändige Sonderkonstruktionen mit Walzformen, die zur Anpassung an unterschiedliche Werkstückabmessungen entlang von Führungen und mittels Verstellantrieben relativ zueinander verstellbar sind.In order to achieve a better shape and dimensional accuracy of the teeth, there are methods in which two or more rolling forms are simultaneously engaged with the workpiece during the rolling process. The devices used for this purpose are complex special designs with rolling molds which are adjustable relative to each other to adapt to different workpiece dimensions along guides and by means of adjusting drives.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Walzbearbeitung einer Verzahnung eines Werkstücks aus gepresstem und gesinterten Pulvermetall bereitzustellen, mit dem eine Korrektur von Formabweichungen und Maßabweichungen am gesinterten Werkstück mit einfacheren Mitteln möglich ist.Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for rolling a toothing of a workpiece made of pressed and sintered powder metal, with which a correction of shape deviations and deviations in the sintered workpiece with simpler means is possible.

Diese Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des des Anspruchs 12 gelöst. Der Vorteil der Verwendung bzw. Anordnung von zwei Formwalzrädern in einem gemeinsamen Halterahmen besteht darin, dass das Walzwerkzeug sehr einfach aufgebaut ist und keine besonderen Einrichtungen zur Verstellung der Formwalzräder relativ zueinander aufweist. Geringfügige Form- bzw. Maßabweichungen eines Formwalzrades können jeweils durch das andere Formwalzrad reduziert bzw. ausgeglichen werden, da die fertig gewalzte Werkstückoberfläche sozusagen als Mittelwert auf der Bearbeitung durch die zwei Formwalzräder hervorgeht. Insbesondere durch die Verwendung von genau zwei Formwalzrädern in einem Walzwerkzeug, können mit diesem Werkstücke mit verschieden großen Teilkreisdurchmessern bearbeitet werden, ohne dass die Formwalzräder bzw. die Formwalzradachsen relativ zueinander verstellbar sein müssen. Der Halterahmen kann deshalb einfach und robust, beispielsweise aus zwei voneinander distanzierten, zueinander parallelen Platten gebildet sein.This object of the invention is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a device having the features of claim 12. The advantage of the use or arrangement of two forming wheels in a common holding frame is that the rolling tool is very simple and has no special means for adjusting the forming rollers relative to each other. Slight deviations in shape or dimension of a rollforming wheel can be reduced or compensated for by the other rollforming wheel, since the finished rolled workpiece surface emerges, so to speak, as an average value on the machining by the two forming rollers. In particular, by the use of exactly two rollforming wheels in a rolling tool can be processed with this workpieces with different sizes pitch circle diameters, without that the forming rollers or Formwalzradachsen must be adjustable relative to each other. The support frame can therefore be simple and robust, for example, be formed from two mutually spaced, mutually parallel plates.

Eine Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, während des Walzvorgangs zwischen dem Werkstück und den Formwalzrädern zusätzlich eine oszillierende Relativbewegung in Axialrichtung auszuführen. Der Effekt dieser oszillierenden Relativbewegung in Axialrichtung zwischen dem Werkstück und den Formwalzrädern besteht darin, dass die Materialverdrängung an der Werkstückoberfläche während des Wälzvorgangs dadurch wesentlich erleichtert wird. Zusätzlich zu den radialen Druckspannungen treten beim erfindutigsgemäßen Verfahren axiale Schubspannungen an der Werkstückoberfläche auf, wodurch die plastische Verformbarkeit des gesinterten Werkstücks besser genutzt wird und insbesondere in axialer Richtung eine verbesserte Materialverdrängung und damit insgesamt ein besserer Ausgleich von Formabweichungen und indirekt auch Maßabweichungen möglich ist.A variant of the method according to the invention consists in additionally performing an oscillating relative movement in the axial direction during the rolling process between the workpiece and the shaping rollers. The effect of this oscillating relative movement in the axial direction between the workpiece and the forming rollers is that the material displacement of the workpiece surface during the rolling process is thereby substantially facilitated. In addition to the radial compressive stresses, axial shear stresses occur on the workpiece surface in the method according to the invention, whereby the plastic deformability of the sintered workpiece is better utilized and an improved material displacement and thus overall better compensation of shape deviations and, indirectly, dimensional deviations is possible, particularly in the axial direction.

Die Amplitude der oszillierenden Relativbewegung, also die axiale Relativverschiebung zwischen Werkstück und Formwalzrad, kann dabei insbesondere zumindest 0,5 mm betragen, wodurch ein ausgeprägter Gleitvorgang an den einander kontaktierenden Oberflächen bewirkt wird und die plastische Umformbarkeit des Materials des gesinterten Werkstücks optimal ausgenützt wird.The amplitude of the oscillating relative movement, ie the axial relative displacement between the workpiece and the forming roller, may be at least 0.5 mm in particular, whereby a pronounced sliding action on the contacting surfaces is effected and the plastic formability of the material of the sintered workpiece is optimally utilized.

Das Verfahren kann vorteilhaft auch so ausgeführt werden, dass während des laufenden Walzvorgangs abwechselnd eine stufenweise Reduktion des Abstandes zwischen einer Drehachse des Werkstücks und des Walzwerkzeugs und ein oder mehreren Zyklen der Relativbewegung in Axialrichtung zwischen dem Werkstück und den Formwalzrädern erfolgen. So kann insbesondere bei einem konstanten Achsabstand die gesamte Verzahnung des Werkstücks unter ständiger Aufrechterhaltung der Relativbewegung einmal vollständig walzbearbeitet werden, bevor eine nächste Reduktion des Achsabstandes erfolgt. Dieser Ablauf ähnelt dem Wechsel zwischen Zustellbewegung und Vorschubbewegung beim Längsdrehen eines Drehteiles.Advantageously, the method can also be carried out such that a gradual reduction of the distance between a rotation axis of the workpiece and the rolling tool and one or more cycles of the relative movement in the axial direction between the workpiece and the forming rollers occur alternately during the running rolling process. Thus, in particular with a constant center distance, the entire toothing of the workpiece, while constantly maintaining the relative movement, can be completely finished once before a next reduction of the axial spacing takes place. This sequence is similar to the change between feed motion and feed motion during longitudinal turning of a turned part.

Damit die Zähne der Werkstückverzahnung jeweils an beiden Zahnflanken gleiche Eigenschaften erhalten ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Walzvorgang mit zumindest einer Umkehrung der Drehrichtung ausgeführt wird. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, dass an beiden Zahnflanken eines Zahnes annähernd gleiche plastische Verformungen auftreten und dementsprechend ähnliche geometrische und mechanische Eigenschaften erzielt werden.So that the teeth of the workpiece teeth each have the same properties on both tooth flanks it is advantageous if the rolling process is carried out with at least one reversal of the direction of rotation. This ensures that approximately the same plastic deformations occur on both tooth flanks of a tooth and, accordingly, similar geometric and mechanical properties are achieved.

Die Formwalzräder werden vor dem eigentlichen Walzvorgang vorteilhaft in Radialrichtung bis zum Kontakt an das Werkstück angenähert, wodurch die Verzahnung des Werkstücks mit der Formverzahnung der Formwalzräder in Eingriff kommt. Bei einem axialen Annähern der beiden Verzahnungen wären aufwendige Vorkehrungen erforderlich, die die relative Drehposition von Werkstück und Formwalzrädern so einstellt, dass nicht der Zahn eines Werkstücks mit einem Zahn an einem Formwalzrad zusammentrifft. Bei einer radialen Annäherungsbewegung ist durch die freie Drehbarkeit der Formwalzräder im Walzwerkzeug weitgehend verhindert, dass zwei Zahnköpfe miteinander kollidieren. Als zusätzliche Sicherheit gegen eine derartige Kollision kann eine Formwalzradachse auch in Bezug auf das Werkstück verschiebbar und gefedert gelagert sein, wodurch das gegenseitige Eingreifen der Verzahnung zusätzlich erleichtert wird.The forming rollers are advantageously approximated in the radial direction until contact with the workpiece before the actual rolling process, whereby the teeth of the workpiece with the form of toothing of the forming rollers is engaged. With an axial approximation of the two gears complex arrangements would be required, which adjusts the relative rotational position of the workpiece and the forming wheels so that not the tooth of a workpiece coincides with a tooth on a Formwalzrad. In a radial approach movement is largely prevented by the free rotation of the forming rollers in the rolling tool that two tooth heads collide with each other. As an additional security against such a collision, a Formwalzradachse be mounted slidably and sprung with respect to the workpiece, whereby the mutual engagement of the teeth is additionally facilitated.

Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Antriebsmoment für den Walzvorgang von einer Drehantriebsvorrichtung direkt auf das Werkstück ausgeübt. Dies erfolgt dadurch, dass eine Drehantriebsvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Walzvorganges direkt mit einer Aufnahme für das Werkstück verbunden ist. Das Walzwerkzeug benötigt in diesem Fall keine Antriebsvorrichtung für die Formwalzräder und kann einfach aufgebaut sein.According to the invention, a drive torque for the rolling process is exerted by a rotary drive device directly on the workpiece. This is done by a rotary drive device for performing the rolling process is connected directly to a receptacle for the workpiece. The rolling tool in this case requires no drive device for the forming rollers and can be simple.

Die Drehantriebsvorrichtung kann dabei mittels einer geeigneten Aufnahme gleichzeitig das Werkstück halten und die drehbare Lagerung des Werkstücks bewirken. Die Funktionen halten und Antreiben des Werkstücks können dadurch mit einer einzigen Aufnahme bewerkstelligt werden, obwohl es natürlich auch möglich ist, das Werkstück in einer Aufnahme zu halten und mit einer von der Aufnahme unabhängigen Drehantriebsvorrichtung anzutreiben.The rotary drive device can simultaneously hold the workpiece by means of a suitable receptacle and cause the rotatable mounting of the workpiece. The functions of holding and driving the workpiece can thereby be accomplished with a single shot, although of course it is also possible to hold the workpiece in a receptacle and drive it with a recording device independent of the rotary drive device.

Zur Walzbearbeitung von schrägverzahnten Werkstücken ist es auch möglich, dass der Walzvorgang mit Formwalzrädern mit Schrägverzahnung ausgeführt wird. In diesem Fall können, wie bei der Bearbeitung von geradverzahnten Werkstücken die Formwalzradachsen parallel zur Drehachse des Werkstücks angeordnet sein.For the rolling of helical workpieces, it is also possible that the rolling process is carried out with helical-toothed form rolling wheels. In this case, as in the machining of straight-toothed workpieces the Formwalzradachsen be arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.

Eine Möglichkeit die Zahnform von Werkstücken über die Breite veränderlich auszuformen, besteht darin, dass die Formwalzradachsen zur Drehachse des Werkstücks schräg gestellt sind. So kann beispielsweise die Verdichtung der Werkstückverzahnung in der Mitte der Werkstückbreite erhöht gegenüber den Randbereichen sein, die Zahndicke also am Rand aufgrund der geringeren Verdichtung geringfügig größer sein, als in der Mitte des Werkstücks. Ebenso kann die Zahnform am Werkstück durch spezielle Form der Formwalzräder bzw. deren Verzahnung beeinflusst werden. So kann beispielsweise durch eine quasi konkave Ausbildung der Verzahnung der Formwalzräder eine konvexe, d.h. ballige Form der Werkstückverzahnung bewirkt werden.One way to make the tooth shape of workpieces variable over the width is that the Formwalzradachsen are inclined to the axis of rotation of the workpiece. Thus, for example, the compression of the workpiece toothing in the middle of the workpiece width may be increased in relation to the edge regions, ie the tooth thickness may be slightly larger at the edge due to the lower compression than in the middle of the workpiece. Likewise, the tooth shape can be influenced on the workpiece by special shape of the forming rollers or their teeth. Thus, for example, by a quasi-concave formation of the teeth of the forming rollers a convex, i. spherical shape of the workpiece teeth can be effected.

Der Walzvorgang wird vorteilhaft so ausgeführt, dass an der Oberfläche der Verzahnung des Werkstücks eine Verdichtung auf über 95 % der Dichte des Pulvermetalls ohne Porenanteil, also der Dichte des Vollmaterials, erfolgt. Mit einer derartigen Verdichtung wird neben der Korrektur von Maß- und Formabweichungen auch eine Erhöhung der Zahnfestigkeit und Verschleißfestigkeit erreicht.The rolling process is advantageously carried out so that on the surface of the toothing of the workpiece, a compression to over 95% of the density of the powder metal without pore fraction, ie the density of the solid material takes place. With such a compression, in addition to the correction of dimensional and form deviations, an increase in the tooth strength and wear resistance is achieved.

Zur Erzeugung einer oben beschriebenen axialen Relativbewegung zwischen dem Werkstück und den Formwalzrädern können bei der Vorrichtung die Formwalzräder und/oder die Aufnahme mit dem Werkstück durch eine Verstelleinrichtung oszillatorisch in einer zur Drehachse zumindest annähernd Axialrichtung verstellbar ausgeführt sein.In order to produce an axial relative movement between the workpiece and the forming rollers described above, in the apparatus the forming rollers and / or the receptacle with the workpiece can be made oscillatable in an oscillating manner by an adjusting device in an axial direction at least approximately axial.

Vorteilhaft für eine gleichmäßige Belastung der beiden Formwalzräder ist es, wenn das Walzwerkzeug oder der Halterahmen an einer zur Drehachse der Aufnahme bzw. des Werkstücks parallelen Schwenkachse gelagert sind.It is advantageous for a uniform loading of the two forming rollers, when the rolling tool or the holding frame are mounted on a pivot axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the receptacle or the workpiece.

Eine kompakte Bauweise des Walzwerkzeugs wird erzielt, wenn das Verhältnis eines Teilkreisdurchmessers an der Verzahnung eines zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks zu den Teilkreisdurchmessern an den Formwalzrädern aus einem Bereich mit einer unteren Grenze von 1,0 und einer oberen Grenze 3,5 gewählt ist. D.h. dass die Formwalzräder kleiner sind, als das Werkstück. Durch die kleinen Abmessungen der Formwalzräder kommen die höheren Herstellkosten für eine Ausführung mit kleineren Maß- und Formtoleranzen nicht so stark zum Tragen, wodurch bei geringeren Werkzeugkosten eine hohe Maß- und Formgenauigkeit der Werkstücke erzielt werden kann. Die beiden Formwalzräder können dabei gleiche Teilkreisdurchmesser aufweisen, jedoch ebenso unterschiedliche Abmessungen - sowohl in ihren Teilkreisdurchmessern als auch in ihren axialen Längen - aufweisen.A compact design of the rolling tool is achieved when the ratio of a pitch diameter at the teeth of a workpiece to be machined to the pitch diameters at the forming rollers is selected from a range having a lower limit of 1.0 and an upper limit of 3.5. This means that the forming wheels are smaller than the workpiece. Due to the small dimensions of the forming rollers, the higher production costs for a design with smaller dimensional and shape tolerances not so strong to wear, which at low tooling costs a high dimensional and dimensional accuracy of the workpieces can be achieved. The two form rolling wheels can have the same pitch diameter, but also different dimensions - both in their pitch diameters and in their axial lengths - have.

Für die Werkzeugauslegung ist es weiters von Vorteil, wenn das Verhältnis aus dem Teilkreisdurchmesser an den Formwalzrädern zu einem Achsabstand zwischen den zwei Formwalzradachsen aus einem Bereich mit einer unteren Grenze von 0,25 und einer oberen Grenze von 0,75 gewählt ist. Zusammen mit dem zuvor erwähnten Größenverhältnis zwischen Werkstück und Formwalzrad ergibt sich daraus eine günstige Anordnung des Werkstücks zwischen den beiden Formwalzrädern.For tool design, it is further advantageous if the ratio of the pitch circle diameter on the rollforming wheels to a center distance between the two forming roll axes is selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.25 and an upper limit of 0.75. Together with the aforementioned size ratio between the workpiece and the forming roller, this results in a favorable arrangement of the workpiece between the two form rolling wheels.

Ebenfalls eine günstige geometrische Anordnung eines Werkstücks bezüglich der Formwalzräder ergibt sich, wenn zwei von der Drehachse des Werkstücks durch die zwei Formwalzradachsen weisende Ebenen einen Winkel ausgewählt aus einem Bereich mit einer unteren Grenze von 60° und einer oberen Grenze von 170° einschließen. Dadurch können auch bei konstant gehaltenem Abstand zwischen den Formwalzradachsen Werkstücke mit unterschiedlichem Teilkreisdurchmesser der Verzahnung bearbeitet werden, wohingegen bei einem Winkel von 180° der Abstand zwischen den zwei Formwalzradachsen verstellbar sein muss.Also, a favorable geometrical arrangement of a workpiece with respect to the rollforming wheels results when two planes pointing from the axis of rotation of the workpiece through the two rollforming axes enclose an angle selected from a range having a lower limit of 60 ° and an upper limit of 170 °. As a result, even with a constant distance between the Formwalzradachsen workpieces with different pitch circle diameter of the teeth can be edited, whereas at an angle of 180 °, the distance between the two Formwalzradachsen must be adjustable.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Walzbearbeitung eignet sich insbesondere für Verzahnungen mit kleinen Zahngrößen, da das Verfahren in diesem Fall eine wirtschaftliche Alternative zu den ebenfalls zur Nachbehandlung von gesinterten Werkstücken eingesetzten Kalibrierverfahren ist. Speziell bei großen Zähnezahlen und bei kleinen Zahnabmessungen und dementsprechend kleinen Toleranzen ist die Herstellung von passenden Kalibrierwerkzeugen sehr aufwendig und kostenintensiv, weshalb das Verfahren besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn die Verzahnung des Werkstücks und der Formwalzräder eine Zahnhöhe, ausgewählt aus einem Bereich mit einer unteren Grenze von 0,5 mm und einer oberen Grenze von 5 mm aufweist.The method according to the invention for rolling machining is particularly suitable for toothing with small tooth sizes, since the method in this case is an economical alternative to the calibration method likewise used for the aftertreatment of sintered workpieces. Especially with large numbers of teeth and with small tooth dimensions and correspondingly small tolerances, the production of suitable calibration tools is very complicated and expensive, which is why the method is particularly advantageous when the toothing of the workpiece and the forming rollers a tooth height selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 5 mm.

Die Verzahnung der Formwalzräder ist als abwälzbares Gegenprofil zum Verzahnungsprofils des Werkstücks geformt, welches als Zahnriemenprofil, als Zahnkettenprofil oder als elvoventes Verzahnungsprofil ausgeführt sein kann wobei für diese Profile aus dem Stand der Technik ausreichend geeignete Geometrien bekannt sind.The toothing of the forming rollers is formed as a rollable counter profile to the tooth profile of the workpiece, which as a toothed belt profile, as a toothed chain profile or elvoventes Gear profile can be carried out with sufficiently suitable geometries are known for these profiles from the prior art.

Obwohl es möglich ist, dass ein Formwalzrad schmäler ist, als die zu bearbeitende Verzahnung am Werkstück, ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Formwalzräder eine axiale Verzahnungslänge aufweisen, die größer ist, als eine axiale Verzahnungslänge am Werkstück. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass durch die Stirnkanten der Formwalzräder bei der axialen Relativbewegung keine schabende Abtragung von Sintermaterial erfolgt. Zur Vermeidung eines derartigen Abtragvorgangs können auch die Stirnkanten der Formwalzräder mit einer Fase oder einer Rundung versehen seinAlthough it is possible for a rollforming wheel to be narrower than the toothing to be machined on the workpiece, it is advantageous if the rollforming wheels have an axial toothing length that is greater than an axial toothing length on the workpiece. This ensures that there is no scraping off of sintered material during the axial relative movement by the end edges of the shaping rollers. To avoid such a removal process, the front edges of the rollforming wheels can be provided with a chamfer or a rounding

Die Verstelleinrichtung zur Erzeugung der axialen Relativbewegung der Formwalzräder und/ oder der Einstellung des Abstandes zwischen der Drehachse des Werkstücks und der Formwalzradachse ist dabei vorteilhaft durch eine numerisch gesteuerte Verstellachse einer Bearbeitungsmaschine gebildet.The adjusting device for generating the axial relative movement of the forming rollers and / or the adjustment of the distance between the axis of rotation of the workpiece and the Formwalzradachse is advantageously formed by a numerically controlled adjustment axis of a processing machine.

Die Erfindung wird im Nachfolgenden anhand des in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings.

Es zeigen jeweils in vereinfachter, schematischer Darstellung:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Werkstücks auf einer Aufnahme im Eingriff mit einem Walzwerkzeug einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
Fig. 2
eine Schnittdarstellung des Werkstücks mit dem im Eingriff befindlichen Walz- werkzeug gemäß Fig. 1.
Each shows in a simplified, schematic representation:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a workpiece on a receptacle in engagement with a rolling tool of a device according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a sectional view of the workpiece with the engaged rolling tool according to Fig. 1 ,

Einführend sei festgehalten, dass in den unterschiedlich beschriebenen Ausführungsformen gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bzw. gleichen Bauteilbezeichnungen versehen werden, wobei die in der gesamten Beschreibung enthaltenen Offenbarungen sinngemäß auf gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bzw. gleichen Bauteilbezeichnungen übertragen werden können. Auch sind die in der Beschreibung gewählten Lageangaben, wie z.B. oben, unten, seitlich usw. auf die unmittelbar beschriebene sowie dargestellte Figur bezogen und sind bei einer Lageänderung sinngemäß auf die neue Lage zu übertragen.By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. are based on the immediately described and illustrated figure and should be transferred to the new situation in the event of a change of position.

Sämtliche Angaben zu Wertebereichen in gegenständlicher Beschreibung sind so zu verstehen, dass diese beliebige und alle Teilbereiche daraus mit umfassen, z.B. ist die Angabe 1 bis 10 so zu verstehen, dass sämtliche Teilbereiche, ausgehend von der unteren Grenze 1 und der oberen Grenze 10 mitumfasst sind, d.h. sämtliche Teilbereich beginnen mit einer unteren Grenze von 1 oder größer und enden bei einer oberen Grenze von 10 oder weniger, z.B. 1 bis 1,7, oder 3,2 bis 8,1 oder 5,5 bis 10.All statements on ranges of values in the description of the present invention should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges thereof, e.g. the indication 1 to 10 should be understood to include all sub-ranges, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10, i. all subregions begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g. 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1 or 5.5 to 10.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Vorrichtung 1 zur Walzbearbeitung eines Werkstücks 2 aus gepresstem und gesintertem Pulvermetall. Die Vorrichtung 1 umfasst dabei eine Aufnahme 3, an der das Werkstück 2 zur Durchführung der Walzbearbeitung befestigt ist und dadurch um eine Drehachse 4 drehbar ist sowie ein Walzwerkzeug 5, mit dem eine am Außenumfang 6 des Werkstücks 2 angeordnete Verzahnung 7 walzbearbeitet wird. Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a device 1 for rolling machining of a workpiece 2 of pressed and sintered powder metal. In this case, the device 1 comprises a receptacle 3, to which the workpiece 2 is fastened for carrying out the rolling process and is therefore rotatable about a rotation axis 4 and a rolling tool 5, with which a toothing 7 arranged on the outer circumference 6 of the workpiece 2 is roll-worked.

Das Walzwerkzeug 5 umfasst dabei zwei Formwalzräder 8, die jeweils um eine Formwalzradachse 9 drehbar im Walzwerkzeug 5 gelagert sind. Diese Lagerung erfolgt in einem Halterahmen 10, der insbesondere auch einstückig ausgeführt sein kann und dementsprechend hohe Festigkeit bzw. Steifigkeit aufweist. Baulich kann eine Formwalzradachse 9 durch Achszapfen 11, die axial an den Formwalzrädern vorragen und in entsprechenden Lagerstellen 12 am Halterahmen eingesetzt sind, gebildet sein. Die Achszapfen 11 können beispielsweise einstückig am Formwalzrad 8 angeformt sein, jedoch auch durch ein eigenes Achselement, das in das Formwalzrad 8 eingeführt wird, gebildet sein.The rolling tool 5 comprises two forming rollers 8, which are each mounted rotatably about a Formwalzradachse 9 in the rolling tool 5. This storage takes place in a holding frame 10, which in particular can also be made in one piece and accordingly has high strength or rigidity. Structurally, a Formwalzradachse 9 by axle journals 11, which protrude axially on the rollforming wheels and are used in corresponding bearing points 12 on the support frame, be formed. The journal 11 may, for example, be integrally formed on the forming roller 8, but also by its own axis element, which is introduced into the Formwalzrad 8, be formed.

Die Formwalzräder 8 sind an ihrem Außenumfang mit einer Formverzahnung 13 versehen, die sich über den gesamten Umfang der Formwalzräder 8 erstreckt und in Richtung der Formwalzradachse 9 eine axiale Verzahnungslänge 14 aufweist. Diese Verzahnungslänge 14 ist, wie Fig. 1 entnehmbar ist, größer, als eine axiale Verzahnungslänge 15 der Verzahnung 7 am Werkstück 2. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Formwalzradachsen 9 der Formwalzräder 8 parallel zur Drehachse 4 des Werkstücks 2 angeordnet, abweichend davon sind jedoch Ausführungen eines Walzwerkzeugs 5 möglich, bei der die Formwalzradachsen 9 leicht windschief bezüglich der Drehachse 4 angeordnet sind. Die zwei Formwalzradachsen 9 besitzen relativ zueinander einen Achsabstand 16, der im Wesentlichen konstant ist. Dies wird dadurch bewirkt, dass die Lagerstellen 12 am Halterahmen 10 relativ zueinander nicht verstellbar, insbesondere fix angeordnet sind. Eine minimale Änderung des Achsabstandes 16 kann sich dadurch ergeben, dass eine Formwalzradachse 9 - in Fig. 1 die oben dargestellte Formwalzradachse - bezogen auf die zweite Formwalzradachse 8 - in Fig. 1 die untere Formwalzradachse - zumindest annähernd in tangentialer Richtung 17 beweglich am Halterahmen 10 gelagert ist. Dazu kann die Lagerstelle 12 bei der verschieblichen Formwalzradachse 9 in Form einer Kulisse 18 ausgebildet sein, in der die Achszapfen 11 des Formwalzrades in, bezogen auf die andere Formwalzradachse 9, annähernd tangentialer Richtung 17 beweglich ist. Die Kulisse 18 kann beispielsweise derart hergestellt, dass anstatt einer herkömmlichen Bohrung ein Langloch im Halterahmen 10 hergestellt wird. Abweichend von der dargestellten Ausführung können auch beide Formwalzradachsen 9 auf dieselbe Weise beweglich am Halterahmen 10 gelagert sein.The forming rollers 8 are provided at its outer periphery with a form of toothing 13 which extends over the entire circumference of the forming rollers 8 and in the direction of the Formwalzradachse 9 has an axial toothing length 14. This gearing length 14 is how Fig. 1 can be removed, greater than an axial toothing length 15 of the toothing 7 on the workpiece 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the Formwalzradachsen 9 of the Formwalzräder 8 are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 4 of the workpiece 2, different from it However, embodiments of a rolling tool 5 possible in which the Formwalzradachsen 9 are slightly skewed with respect to the axis of rotation 4 are arranged. The two Formwalzradachsen 9 have relative to each other an axial distance 16 which is substantially constant. This is effected by the fact that the bearings 12 on the support frame 10 are not adjustable relative to each other, in particular fixed. A minimal change in the axial distance 16 can result from the fact that a Formwalzradachse 9 - in Fig. 1 the above-described Formwalzradachse - based on the second Formwalzradachse 8 - in Fig. 1 the lower Formwalzradachse - at least approximately in the tangential direction 17 is movably mounted on the support frame 10. For this purpose, the bearing point 12 may be formed in the sliding Formwalzradachse 9 in the form of a link 18 in which the journal 11 of the Formwalzrades in relation to the other Formwalzradachse 9, approximately tangential direction 17 is movable. The link 18 can for example be made such that instead of a conventional hole a slot in the support frame 10 is made. Notwithstanding the illustrated embodiment, both Formwalzradachsen 9 can be mounted in the same manner movable on the support frame 10.

Das Walzwerkzeug 5 ist mit seinem Halterahmen 10 an einem Werkzeugträger 19 einer nicht dargestellten Bearbeitungsmaschine befestigt. Diese Lagerung kann starr sein, aber auch eine Beweglichkeit zwischen dem Halterahmen 10 und dem Werkzeugträger 19 aufweisen, indem zwischen dem Halterahmen 10 und dem Werkzeugträger 19 ein Schwenklager 20 ausgebildet ist. Der mögliche Schwenkwinkel für diese bewegliche Lagerung ist durch stabile Anschläge begrenzt und in einem Bereich von wenigen Winkelgraden gehalten, da eine zu große Beweglichkeit an dieser Lagerung die Stabilität des Walzwerkzeugs 5 während des Betriebes nachteilig beeinflussen könnte.The rolling tool 5 is fastened with its holding frame 10 on a tool carrier 19 of a processing machine, not shown. This storage may be rigid, but also have a mobility between the support frame 10 and the tool carrier 19 by a pivot bearing 20 is formed between the support frame 10 and the tool carrier 19. The possible pivoting angle for this movable bearing is limited by stable stops and held in a range of a few degrees, as too great a mobility of this storage could adversely affect the stability of the rolling tool 5 during operation.

Die Aufnahme 3, auf der das zu bearbeitende Werkstück 2 befestigt werden kann, umfasst im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel einen Spanndorn 21, mit dem das Werkstück 2 an einem Innendurchmesser gespannt werden kann. Der Spanndorn 21 umfasst dazu zwei oder mehr Spannelemente 22, die durch eine nicht dargestellte Spannvorrichtung gegen den Innendurchmesser des Werkstücks 2 gedrückt werden können, wodurch eine konzentrische Posititinierung des Werkstücks 2 bezüglich der Drehachse 4 und gleichzeitig eine drehmomentfeste Verbindung zwischen Werkstück 2 und Aufnahme 3 hergestellt wird. Die Aufnahme 3 ist an einer antreibbaren Spindel 23 angeordnet, die mit einer nur ausschnittsweise angedeuteten Drehantriebsvorrichtung 24 verbunden ist.The receptacle 3, on which the workpiece to be machined 2 can be fixed, in the illustrated embodiment comprises a mandrel 21, with which the workpiece 2 can be clamped to an inner diameter. The mandrel 21 includes to two or more clamping elements 22 which can be pressed by a tensioning device, not shown, against the inner diameter of the workpiece 2, whereby a concentric Posititinierung of the workpiece 2 with respect to the axis of rotation 4 and at the same time a torque-fixed connection between the workpiece 2 and 3 taken becomes. The receptacle 3 is arranged on a drivable spindle 23, which is indicated only in part Rotary drive device 24 is connected.

Im Folgenden wird eine mögliche Ablaufvariante bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Bearbeiten der Verzahnung 7 des Werkstücks 2 beschrieben. Vor Beginn des Verfahrens wird das Werkstück 2 in Richtung der Drehachse 4 auf den Spanndorn 21 aufgesetzt und mit Hilfe der Spannelemente 22 auf diesem fixiert. Das Walzwerkzeug 5 ist dazu in ausreichendem Abstand zur Drehachse 4 positioniert. Nach Fixierung des Werkstücks 2 an der Aufnahme 3 wird das Walzwerkzeug 5 in die Bearbeitungsposition verbracht. Dazu wird der Halterahmen 10 mit den beiden Formwalzrädern 8 mittels des Werkzeugträgers 19 zumindest annähernd radial bezogen auf die Drehachse 4 an diese angenähert, wodurch die Formverzahnungen 13 der Formwalzräder 8 mit der Verzahnung 7 des Werkstücks 2 in Eingriff kommen. Das Werkstück 2 befindet sich dabei vorzugsweise noch in Stillstand, es kann jedoch auch bereits eine Drehbewegung um die Drehachse 4 ausführen. Durch die freie Drehbeweglichkeit der Formwalzräder 8 finden bei der radialen Annäherung des Walzwerkzeugs 5 an das Werkstück 2 die Zähne der Verzahnung 7 leicht in die Zahnlücken der Formverzahnung 13. Da es in Ausnahmefällen vorkommen kann, dass ein Zahnkopf des Formwalzrades 8 genau radial mit einem Zahnkopf der Verzahnung 7 des Werkstücks 2 zusammenfällt und ein gegenseitiger Eingriff der Verzahnungen dadurch blockiert wäre, unterstützt die zusätzliche Beweglichkeit einer Formwalzradachse 9 bezüglich des Halterahmens 10 das gegenseitige Eingreifen der Formverzahnung 13 in die Verzahnung 7.In the following, a possible sequence variant in the implementation of the method according to the invention for machining the toothing 7 of the workpiece 2 will be described. Before starting the process, the workpiece 2 is placed in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 on the mandrel 21 and fixed by means of the clamping elements 22 on this. The rolling tool 5 is positioned at a sufficient distance from the axis of rotation 4. After fixing the workpiece 2 to the receptacle 3, the rolling tool 5 is moved to the processing position. For this purpose, the holding frame 10 with the two Formwalzrädern 8 by means of the tool carrier 19 at least approximately radially relative to the axis of rotation 4 approaches to this, causing the form of teeth 13 of the Formwalzräder 8 with the teeth 7 of the workpiece 2 engage. The workpiece 2 is preferably still at a standstill, but it can also already perform a rotational movement about the axis of rotation 4. Due to the free rotational mobility of the forming rollers 8 find in the radial approach of the rolling tool 5 to the workpiece 2, the teeth of the teeth 7 easily in the tooth gaps of the toothing 13. Since it may happen in exceptional cases, that a tooth tip of the Formwalzrades 8 exactly radially with a tooth tip the toothing 7 of the workpiece 2 coincides and a mutual engagement of the teeth would be blocked, supports the additional mobility of a Formwalzradachse 9 with respect to the holding frame 10, the mutual engagement of the form of teeth 13 in the toothing. 7

Nach erfolgtem Eingriff der Formwalzräder 8 in die Verzahnung 7 des Werkstücks 2 wird nun dieses zusammen mit der Aufnahme durch die Drehantriebsvorrichtung 24 in eine Drehbewegung versetzt, wodurch sich die beiden Formwalzräder 8 an der Verzahnung 7 abwälzen. Die Drehbewegung erfolgt dabei zum Beispiel in eine erste Drehrichtung 25.After the engagement of the forming rollers 8 in the toothing 7 of the workpiece 2, this is then offset together with the recording by the rotary drive device 24 in a rotary motion, whereby the two Formwalzräder 8 roll on the toothing 7. The rotational movement takes place, for example, in a first direction of rotation 25th

Damit an der Verzahnung 7 die gewünschten Walzumformprozesse stattfinden können, müssen zwischen den Formverzahnungen 13 und der Verzahnung 7 dementsprechende Walzkräfte wirken, die dadurch hervorgerufen werden, indem das Walzwerkzeug 5 zumindest annähernd in einer Radialrichtung 26 in Richtung der Drehachse 4 kraftbeaufschlagt wird. Dies erfolgt dadurch, dass der Werkzeugträger 19 mit einer entsprechenden Kraft in die Radialrichtung 26 gedrückt wird. Diese in Radialrichtung 26 aufgebrachte Kraft bewirkt die zwischen dem Werkstück 2 und den Formwalzrädern 8 wirkenden Walzkräfte, die abhängig von den Größenverhältnissen, insbesondere von den Durchmesserverhältnissen, auch sehr hohe Werte annehmen können.In order for the desired roll forming processes to take place on the toothing 7, corresponding rolling forces must act between the shaped teeth 13 and the toothing 7, which are caused by the roll tool 5 being subjected to force in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 at least approximately in a radial direction 26. This is done by pressing the tool carrier 19 in the radial direction 26 with a corresponding force. This force applied in the radial direction 26 causes the rolling forces acting between the workpiece 2 and the forming wheels 8, which depend on The size ratios, in particular of the diameter ratios, can also assume very high values.

Bei dem durch das Drehen des Werkstücks 2 stattfinden Abwälzvorgangs der Formwalzräder 8 wird die Verzahnung 7 vom Profil der Formverzahnung 13 in seiner Maß- und Formgenauigkeit verbessert sowie die Oberflächendichte erhöht. So kann zum Beispiel eine Korrektur von Maßabweichungen erfolgen, indem an der Verzahnung 7 die Zahndicken und/oder die Zahnhöhen durch geringfügige plastische Verformungen korrigiert werden; eine Korrektur von Formabweichungen ist beispielsweise dadurch möglich, dass eine Konizität in Richtung der Drehachse 4 oder ein Rundlauf am Zahnkopfkreis oder am Zahnfußkreis verbessert wird. Durch die Oberflächenverdichtung kann beispielsweise die Verschleißfestigkeit der Zahnflanken oder die Zahnfuß-Festigkeit verbessert werden.In the rolling process of the forming rollers 8, which takes place by turning the workpiece 2, the toothing 7 is improved in its dimensional and shape accuracy by the profile of the shaped toothing 13 and the surface density is increased. Thus, for example, a correction of deviations can be made by correcting the tooth thicknesses and / or the tooth heights on the toothing 7 by slight plastic deformations; a correction of deviations in shape, for example, is possible in that a taper in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 or a concentricity on the tooth tip circle or the Zahnfußkreis is improved. By the surface compaction, for example, the wear resistance of the tooth flanks or the Zahnfuß strength can be improved.

Um diese elasto-plastischen Umformvorgänge zu erleichtern, ist es zusätzlich möglich, zwischen der Verzahnung 7 und den Formverzahnungen 13 während des Walzvorganges eine Relativbewegung in Richtung der Drehachse 4 zu überlagern, wodurch zusätzlich zu den im wesentlichen radial wirkenden Walzkräften axial wirkende Reibungskräfte wirksam werden und durch die Mehrachsigkeit des Spannungszustandes an der Oberfläche der Verzahnung 7 die plastische Umformbarkeit des Werkstückmaterials besser ausgenutzt wird. Diese Relativbewegung kann beispielsweise dadurch bewirkt werden, dass das Walzwerkzeug 5 eine oszillierende Bewegung in einer zur Drehachse 4 parallelen Axialrichtung 27 ausführt. Eine Amplitude 28 dieser oszillierenden Schwingbewegung beträgt dabei zumindest 0,5 mm damit ein ausgeprägtes axiales Gleiten zwischen den zusammenwirkenden Verzahnungen eintreten kann.In order to facilitate these elasto-plastic forming processes, it is additionally possible to superimpose a relative movement in the direction of the axis of rotation 4 between the toothing 7 and the shaped teeth 13 during the rolling process, whereby in addition to the substantially radially acting rolling forces, axially acting frictional forces become effective and by the multi-axiality of the state of stress on the surface of the toothing 7, the plastic formability of the workpiece material is better utilized. This relative movement can be effected, for example, by the rolling tool 5 performing an oscillating movement in an axial direction 27 parallel to the axis of rotation 4. An amplitude 28 of this oscillating oscillatory motion is at least 0.5 mm so that a pronounced axial sliding between the interacting teeth can occur.

Die beim Walzvorgang auftretenden Walzkräfte können so gesteuert werden, dass die vom Walzwerkzeug 5 auf das Werkstück 2 ausgeübte Kraft durch die am Werkzeugträger 19 wirkende Kraft geregelt wird, beispielsweise linear oder stufenförmig ansteigend. Alternativ dazu ist es jedoch auch möglich, die Walzkräfte so einzustellen, dass, ausgehend von einer Ausgangsposition des Walzwerkzeugs 5, dieses während des Walzvorganges um definierte Wegschritte der Drehachse 4 angenähert wird und sich die Walzkräfte dementsprechend einstellen. Bei dem zweiten Verfahren nehmen die zwischen den Formwalzrädern 8 und dem Werkstück 2 wirkenden Walzkräfte bei konstant gehaltenem Abstand des Walzwerkzeugs 5 zur Drehachse 4 aufgrund der auftretenden plastischen Umförmprozesse ab, bis das Walzwerkzeug 5 wieder um einen kleinen Verstellweg an die Drehachse 4 angenähert wird. Der Walzvorgang kann somit kraftgesteuert oder auch weggesteuert ausgeführt werden.The rolling forces occurring during the rolling process can be controlled so that the force exerted by the rolling tool 5 on the workpiece 2 force is controlled by the force acting on the tool carrier 19, for example, linear or stepwise increasing. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to set the rolling forces so that, starting from a starting position of the rolling tool 5, this is approximated during the rolling process to defined path steps of the rotation axis 4 and adjust the rolling forces accordingly. In the second method, the rolling forces acting between the forming rollers 8 and the workpiece 2 take place at a constant distance of the rolling tool 5 to the axis of rotation 4 due to the occurring plastic Umförmprozesse until the rolling tool 5 is approximated again by a small displacement to the axis of rotation 4. The rolling process can thus be performed force-controlled or path-controlled.

Nach Abschluss des Walzvorganges, der beispielsweise durch das Erreichen einer bestimmten maximalen Walzkraft oder durch das Erreichen eines festgelegten Minimalabstandes des Walzwerkzeugs von der Drehachse 4 oder nach einer bestimmten Anzahl von Umdrehungen des Werkstücks 2 bei einer bestimmten Kraft- und/oder Wegeinstellung bestimmt ist, wird das Walzwerkzeug 5 entgegen der Radialrichtung 26 wieder vom Werkstück 2 distanziert, wonach dieses nach dem Lösen der Spannelemente 22 wieder von der Aufnahme 3 entfernt werden kann.After completion of the rolling process, which is determined for example by reaching a certain maximum rolling force or by reaching a specified minimum distance of the rolling tool from the rotation axis 4 or after a certain number of revolutions of the workpiece 2 at a certain force and / or path adjustment is the rolling tool 5 against the radial direction 26 again distanced from the workpiece 2, after which it can be removed after loosening the clamping elements 22 again from the receptacle 3.

Während des Walzvorganges ist es auch möglich, die Drehrichtung 25 zumindest einmal umzukehren, wie das in Fig. 1 durch einen strichlierten Pfeil für die umgekehrte Drehrichtung 25 angedeutet ist. Dadurch werden an den einzelnen Zähnen der Verzahnung 7 jeweils beide Zahnflanken in gleichem Maße walzbearbeitet und man erhält dadurch gewissermaßen eine symmetrische Verbesserung der Verzahnungseigenschaften.During the rolling process, it is also possible to reverse the direction of rotation 25 at least once, as in Fig. 1 is indicated by a dashed arrow for the reverse direction of rotation 25. As a result, both tooth flanks are rolled to the same extent on the individual teeth of the toothing 7 and, as it were, this results in a symmetrical improvement of the toothing properties.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt ein Werkstück mit einer geraden Verzahnung 7, dementsprechend sind auch die Formverzahnungen 13 der Formwalzräder 8 gerade ausgeführt. Abweichend davon ist es jedoch ebenso möglich, das Verfahren bzw. die Vorrichtung 1 so abzuändern, dass auch Werkstücke 2 mit Schrägverzahnung bearbeitet werden können. Dies kann dadurch erreicht werden, indem die Formverzahnung 13 der Formwalzräder 8 als Schrägverzahnung ausgeführt ist.The embodiment according to Fig. 1 shows a workpiece with a straight toothing 7, accordingly, the form of teeth 13 of the Formwalzräder 8 are also running. Deviating from this, however, it is also possible to modify the method or the device 1 such that also workpieces 2 can be processed with helical gearing. This can be achieved by the form of toothing 13 of the forming rollers 8 is designed as helical teeth.

Wenn das beschriebene Verfahren zur Walzbearbeitung einer Innenverzahnung eines Werkstücks 2 aus gepresstem und gesintertem Pulvermetall eingesetzt wird, ist es für den Fachmann ein leichtes, die zuvor beschriebenen Verfahrensmaßnahmen für diesen Fall passend abzuändern. Selbstverständlich muss das Walzwerkzeug 5 in diesem Fall axial in den Bereich der Verzahnung 7 eingebracht werden, weiters wird im Laufe der Walzbearbeitung der Abstand zwischen der Drehachse 4 und dem Walzwerkzeug 5 vergrößert, um die gewünschten Walzkräfte zu erzielen. Bei einer Innenbearbeitung sind die Formwalzräder 8 vorzugsweise kleiner ausgeführt als für die Außenbearbeitung, um wieder verschiedene Teilkreisdurchmesserbereiche der Werkstücke 2 abdecken zu können.If the described method for rolling an internal toothing of a workpiece 2 made of pressed and sintered powder metal is used, it will be easy for the person skilled in the art to suitably modify the method measures described above for this case. Of course, the rolling tool 5 must be introduced axially in this case in the region of the toothing 7, further, in the course of rolling, the distance between the rotation axis 4 and the rolling tool 5 is increased in order to achieve the desired rolling forces. In an internal machining the Formwalzräder 8 are preferably made smaller than for external machining to again different pitch circle diameter ranges to be able to cover the workpieces 2.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Schnittdarstellung der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 mit dem Werkstück 2 sowie dem Walzwerkzeug 5 in Arbeitsstellung, bei der die Formverzahnungen 13 der Formwalzräder 8 mit der Verzahnung 7 am Außendurchmesser 6 des Werkstücks 2 im Eingriff stehen. Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of the device according to Fig. 1 with the workpiece 2 and the rolling tool 5 in the working position, in which the toothed formations 13 of the forming rollers 8 with the toothing 7 on the outer diameter 6 of the workpiece 2 are engaged.

Im Folgenden werden die geometrischen Zusammenhänge zwischen Werkstück 2 und Walzwerkzeug 5 betrachtet, die auch Einfluss auf die Verfahrensdurchführung haben.In the following, the geometric relationships between workpiece 2 and rolling tool 5 are considered, which also have an influence on the process execution.

Die Verzahnung7 des Werkstücks 2 weist einen Teilkreisdurchmesser 29 auf, der im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel etwa dem 2-fachen eines Teilkreisdurchmessers 30 der Formverzahnungen 13 der Formwalzräder 8 entspricht. Ein von der Drehachse 4 bis zu einer Formwalzradachse 9 gemessener Abstand 31 entspricht somit der Hälfte der Summe aus dem Teilkreisdurchmesser 29 des Werkstücks 2 und dem jeweiligen Teilkreisdurchmesser 30 des betrachteten Formwalzrades 9.The toothing 7 of the workpiece 2 has a pitch circle diameter 29, which in the illustrated embodiment corresponds approximately to twice a pitch circle diameter 30 of the toothed formations 13 of the forming wheels 8. A distance 31 measured from the axis of rotation 4 to a forming roller axis 9 thus corresponds to half the sum of the pitch circle diameter 29 of the workpiece 2 and the respective pitch circle diameter 30 of the considered rollforming wheel 9.

Zusammen mit dem im Wesentlichen konstanten Achsabstand 16 zwischen den beiden Formwalzradachsen 9 ist die Lage des Walzwerkzeuges 5 beim Eingriff mit dem Werkstück 2 durch die Teilkreisdurchmesser 29, 30 und den Achsabstand 16 an sich fix vorgegeben, wenn man von den geringfügigen Maßveränderungen am Werkstück 2 durch die Walzbearbeitung absieht.Together with the substantially constant center distance 16 between the two Formwalzradachsen 9, the position of the rolling tool 5 when engaging with the workpiece 2 by the pitch circle diameter 29, 30 and the axial distance 16 is fixed in itself, if one of the slight dimensional changes on the workpiece 2 by ignores the rolling process.

Zwischen zwei Ebenen 32, die von der Drehachse 4 durch die beiden Formwalzradachsen 9 gelegt werden können ergibt sich dadurch ein Spreizungswinkel 33, der etwa auch dem Winkel zwischen den beiden von den Formwalzrädern 8 im Wesentlichen radial auf das Werkstück 2 ausgeübten Walzkräften entspricht.Between two planes 32, which can be placed by the two Formwalzradachsen 9 from the axis of rotation 4, this results in a spread angle 33, which corresponds approximately to the angle between the two of the Formwalzrädern 8 substantially radially on the workpiece 2 applied rolling forces.

Die Teilkreisdurchmesser 30 der Formwalzräder 8 sind im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel gleich groß gewählt, abweichend davon können die beiden Formwalzräder auch unterschiedliche Teilkreisdurchmesser 30 aufweisen.The pitch circle diameter 30 of the rollforming wheels 8 are chosen to be the same size in the illustrated embodiment, but deviating from the two Formwalzräder may also have different pitch circle diameter 30.

Das Verhältnis aus dem Teilkreisdurchmesser 29 des Werkstücks 2 und den Teilkreisdurchmessern 30 der Formwalzräder 8 ist vorzugsweise aus einem Bereich mit einer unteren Grenze von 1,0 und einer oberen Grenze von 3,5 gewählt. Weiters ist das Verhältnis zwischen den Teilkreisdurchmessern 30 der Formwalzräder 8 und dem Achsabstand 16 zwischen deren Formwalzradachsen 9 vorzugsweise aus einem Bereich mit einer unteren Grenze von 0,25 und einer oberen Grenze von 0,75 gewählt.The ratio of the pitch circle diameter 29 of the workpiece 2 and the pitch circle diameters 30 of the forming rollers 8 is preferably selected from a range having a lower limit of 1.0 and an upper limit of 3.5. Further, the ratio between the pitch diameters 30 of the forming rollers 8 and the center distance 16 between the forming roller axles 9 thereof is preferably selected from a range having a lower limit of 0.25 and an upper limit of 0.75.

Durch diese Wahl der Größenverhältnisse wird auch der mögliche Bereich des Spreizungswinkes 33 beeinflusst, der vorteilhaft zwischen einer unteren Grenze von 60° und einer oberen Grenze von 170° liegt. Insbesondere bei höheren Spreizungswinkeln 33 können bei insgesamt niedriger auf das Walzwerkzeug 5 wirkender Kraft in Radialrichtung 26 große radiale Walzkräfte zwischen den Formwalzrädern 8 und dem Werkstück 2 wirksam werden, die durch eine robuste und steife Ausführung des Halterahmens 10 aufgenommen werden müssen. Dies ist bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten einstückigen Ausführung des Halterahmens 10 bestmöglich gegeben.This selection of the size ratios also influences the possible range of the spread angle 33, which is advantageously between a lower limit of 60 ° and an upper limit of 170 °. In particular, at higher spread angles 33 can be at a lower overall force acting on the rolling tool 5 in the radial direction 26 large radial rolling forces between the forming rollers 8 and the workpiece 2 are effective, which must be taken by a robust and rigid design of the support frame 10. This is at the in Fig. 1 illustrated one-piece design of the support frame 10 given the best possible.

Fig. 2 zeigt weiters die Befestigung des Halterahmens 10 am Werkzeugträger 19 mittels eines Schwenklagers 20, wobei der mögliche Schwenkwinkel durch ein geringes Spiel 34 zwischen Anschlagflächen 35 am Halterahmen 10 und Anschlagflächen 36 am Werkzeugträger 19 gering gehalten ist, da sich ein Kraftausgleich zwischen den beiden Formwalzrädern 9 schon bei geringsten Ausgleichsbewegungen des Halterahmens 10 einstellen kann. Durch diese schwenkbewegliche Lagerung ist auch bewirkt, dass durch die Abwälzbewegung der Formverzahnung 13 mit der Verzahnung 7 gegebenenfalls dabei entstehende pulsierende Kräfte auf den Halterahmen 10 nur abgeschwächt in den Werkzeugträger 19 übertragen werden. Fig. 2 further shows the attachment of the support frame 10 on the tool carrier 19 by means of a pivot bearing 20, wherein the possible pivot angle is kept low by a small clearance 34 between abutment surfaces 35 on the support frame 10 and abutment surfaces 36 on the tool carrier 19, since a force balance between the two Formwalzrädern 9 already can adjust 10 at the slightest compensatory movements of the support frame. By this pivotable mounting is also causes, if necessary, thereby resulting pulsating forces are transmitted to the holding frame 10 only attenuated in the tool carrier 19 by the rolling motion of the form of teeth 13 with the toothing.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich sehr gut zur Verringerung von Maß- und Formabweichungen bei Werkstücken 2 mit vielen, relativ kleinen Zähnen, da es speziell für diese Fälle viel günstiger ist, als z.B. eine Kalibrierung mittels eines hochgenau gefertigten Kalibrierwerkzeuges, das jeweils nur für genau eine Werkstückabmessung einsetzbar ist. Demgegenüber kann mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ein ganzes Spektrum von Werksstückgeometrien, insbesondere unterschiedliche Teilkreisdurchmesser 29 abgedeckt werden, wodurch mit geringem Vorrichtungsaufwand trotzdem sehr maß- und formgenaue Verzahnungen an gesinterten Werkstücken 2 hergestellt werden können, wie sie z.B. bei Zahnriemenscheiben für schnelllaufende Ventiltriebe erforderlich sind.The inventive method is very well suited for reducing dimensional and form deviations in workpieces 2 with many, relatively small teeth, as it is much cheaper, especially for these cases, such as calibration by means of a highly accurate calibration tool, each only for exactly one Workpiece dimension is used. In contrast, with the device according to the invention, a whole range of workpiece geometries, in particular different pitch circle diameter 29 are covered, which nevertheless small scale effort very dimensionally accurate and dimensionally accurate on sintered workpieces 2 can be produced, as required for example for timing pulleys for high-speed valve trains.

Eine in Fig. 2 dargestellte Zahnhöhe 37 des mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Werkstücks 2 beträgt deshalb vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 mm und 5 mm.An in Fig. 2 illustrated tooth height 37 of the workpiece 2 produced by the method according to the invention is therefore preferably between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.

Der Ordnung halber sei abschließend darauf hingewiesen, dass zum besseren Verständnis des Aufbaus der Vorrichtung 1 diese bzw. deren Bestandteile teilweise unmaßstäblich und/oder vergrößert und/oder verkleinert dargestellt wurden.For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for better understanding of the structure of the device 1, these or their components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

Die den eigenständigen erfinderischen Lösungen zugrunde liegende Aufgabe kann der Beschreibung entnommen werden.The problem underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.

BezugszeichenaufstellungREFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorrichtungcontraption
22
Werkstückworkpiece
33
Aufnahmeadmission
44
Drehachseaxis of rotation
55
Walzwerkzeugrolling tool
66
Außenumfangouter periphery
77
Verzahnunggearing
88th
FormwalzradFormwalzrad
99
Formwalzradachse 10 HalterahmenForm roller axle 10 holding frame
1111
Achszapfenjournal
1212
Lagerstelledepository
1313
FormverzahnungMolded notches
1414
Verzahnungslängespline length
1515
Verzahnungslängespline length
1616
AchsabstandWheelbase
1717
Richtungdirection
1818
Kulissescenery
1919
Werkzeugträgertool carrier
2020
Schwenklagerpivot bearing
2121
Spanndornmandrel
2222
Spannelementclamping element
2323
Spindelspindle
2424
DrehantriebsvorrichtungRotary drive device
2525
Drehrichtungdirection of rotation
2626
Radialrichtungradial direction
2727
Axialrichtungaxially
2828
Amplitudeamplitude
2929
TeilkreisdurchmesserPitch diameter
3030
TeilkreisdurchmesserPitch diameter
3131
Abstanddistance
3232
Ebenelevel
3333
Spreizwinkelsplay
3434
Spielgame
3535
Anschlagflächestop surface
3636
Anschlagflächestop surface
3737
Zahnhöhetooth height

Claims (23)

  1. Method of machining a toothing (7) on an outer circumference (6) or an inner circumference of a work piece (2) made of pressed and sintered powder metal with the work piece (2) secured on a holder (3) by means of a rolling process on the toothing (7) using two rotatable section rolling wheels (8), which have a section toothing (13) engaging in the toothing (7) of the piece (2), characterised in that the two section rolling wheels (8) are arranged in a rotating manner in a common support frame (10) with an at least approximately constant axial distance (16) between their section rolling wheel axes (9), and the holder (3) for the work piece (2) is driven by an actuator device (24) via a spindle (23) on which the holder (3) is mounted, and a driving torque is thus transmitted to the work piece (2) by the actuator device (24) for the rolling process, and the two section rolling wheels (8) are each freely rotatable about a section rolling wheel axis (9) so that once they are engaged in the toothing (7) of the work piece (2), the section rolling wheels (8) roll on the toothing (7).
  2. Method as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that, during the rolling process, an oscillating relative movement in the axial direction (27) also takes place between the work piece (2) and the section rolling wheels (8).
  3. Method as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that an amplitude (28) of the oscillating relative movement is at least 0.5 mm.
  4. Method as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterised in that, during the on-going rolling process, the distance (32) between a rotation axis (4) of the work piece (2) and the section rolling wheel axes (9) is reduced in a stepped and several cycles of the relative movement in the axial direction (27) between the work piece (2) and section rolling wheels (8) take place in alternation.
  5. Method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the rolling process is carried out with a reversal of the direction of rotation (25).
  6. Method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, before the rolling process, the section rolling wheels (8) with the support frame (10) are moved towards the work piece (2) in a radial direction (26) until contact is established.
  7. Method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the rolling process is carried out with two section rolling wheels (8) with helical toothing.
  8. Method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that, during the rolling process, compression to over 95% of the density of the powder metal without pores takes place up to a depth of 0.3 mm on the surface of the toothing (7).
  9. Method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the ratio of the partial diameter (30) on the section rolling wheels (8) to the axial distance (16) between the two rolling wheel axes (9) is selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.25 and an upper limit of 0.75.
  10. Method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the toothing (7) of the work piece (2) and the section toothing (13) of the section rolling wheels (8) have a tooth height (37) selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.3 mm and an upper limit of 3 mm.
  11. Method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that at least one section rolling wheel (8) has an axial toothing length (14) which is longer than an axial toothing length (15) on the work piece (2).
  12. Device (1) for the rolling treatment of a toothing (7) on the outer circumference (6) or inner circumference of a work piece (2) made of pressed and sintered powder metal, comprising a holder (3) for holding the work piece (2) and its bearing rotatable about a rotation axis (4) as well as a rolling tool (5) with two section rolling wheels (8) with a section toothing (13) engaging in the toothing (7) of the held work piece (2) in order to roll the toothing (7), the section rolling wheels (8) being rotatably borne in a support frame (10) at an essentially constant distance (16) from one another, and an actuator device (24), characterised in that the holder (3) for the work piece (2) is mounted on a spindle (23) which can be driven by the actuator device (24), and the two section rolling wheels (8) are each freely rotatable about a section rolling wheel axis (9) so that once they are engaged in the toothing (7) of the work piece (2), the section rolling wheels (8) roll on the toothing (7) during the rolling process.
  13. Device (1) as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the section rolling wheels (8) and/or rotating holder (3) with the work piece (2) can be adjusted through oscillation in an axial direction (27) at least approximately parallel with the rotation axis (4) by means of an adjusting device.
  14. Device (1) as claimed in claim 12 or 13, characterised in that section rolling wheel axes (9) of the section rolling wheels (8) are disposed parallel with the rotation axis (4) of the holder (3).
  15. Device (1) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the rolling tool (5) or the support frame (10) are arranged on a pivoting bearing (20) parallel with the rotation axis (4) of the holder (3).
  16. Device (1) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 15, characterised in that one section rolling wheel axis (9) is disposed on the support frame (10) so that it can be moved in an at least approximately tangential direction (17) with respect to the second rolling wheel axis (9).
  17. Device (1) as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that the moveable section rolling wheel axis (9) is guided in a slot (18) arranged in the support frame (10).
  18. Device (1) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 17, characterised in that the ratio of a partial diameter (29) on the toothing (7) of the work piece (2) to a partial diameter (30) of the section toothing (13) on the section rolling wheel (8) is selected from a range with a lower limit of 1.0 and an upper limit of 3.5.
  19. Device (1) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 18, characterised in that two planes (32) extending from the rotation axis (4) of the work piece (2) through the section rolling wheel axes (9) subtend an angle of spread (33) selected from a range with a lower limit of 60° and an upper limit of 170°.
  20. Device (1) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 19, characterised in that that the section toothing (13) has a counter-profile to a toothed belt profile, a toothed chain profile, involute toothing profile or any other section toothing profile.
  21. Device (1) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 20, characterised in that the actuator device (24) is directly connected to the holder (3) for the work piece (2) in order to implement the rolling process.
  22. Device (1) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 21, characterised in that an adjusting device for bringing about the axial relative movement of the section rolling wheels (8) and/or setting the distance (32) between the rotation axis (4) of the work piece (2) and the section rolling axes (9) is formed by a numerically-controlled adjusting shaft of a machine device.
  23. Device (1) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 22, characterised in that the section rolling wheels (8) have helical toothing as section toothing (13).
EP08714300A 2007-03-28 2008-03-21 Method and device for machining a toothing on a sintered part Active EP2131974B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA484/2007A AT505118B1 (en) 2007-03-28 2007-03-28 METHOD FOR PROCESSING A TRENCHING ON A SINTERED PART
PCT/AT2008/000103 WO2008116243A1 (en) 2007-03-28 2008-03-21 Method and device for machining a toothing on a sintered part

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2131974A1 EP2131974A1 (en) 2009-12-16
EP2131974B1 true EP2131974B1 (en) 2011-05-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08714300A Active EP2131974B1 (en) 2007-03-28 2008-03-21 Method and device for machining a toothing on a sintered part

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8783080B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2131974B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2010522083A (en)
CN (1) CN101678436B (en)
AT (2) AT505118B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2680320A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2365443T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2008116243A1 (en)

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DE102012214870A1 (en) * 2012-08-22 2014-02-27 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Drive wheel, has opening for retaining shaft, teeth formed at peripheral surface of wheel using rolling method, and carrier body arranged at peripheral surface of wheel, where wheel is designed as thin-walled circular blank
CN103056259B (en) * 2013-01-09 2015-04-08 武汉理工大学 Method and device for precisely rolling and forming cylindrical gear
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8783080B2 (en) 2014-07-22
EP2131974A1 (en) 2009-12-16
CA2680320A1 (en) 2008-10-02
AT505118A1 (en) 2008-10-15
JP2010522083A (en) 2010-07-01
ES2365443T3 (en) 2011-10-05
ATE508815T1 (en) 2011-05-15
CN101678436A (en) 2010-03-24
AT505118B1 (en) 2013-03-15
US20100064755A1 (en) 2010-03-18
WO2008116243A1 (en) 2008-10-02
CN101678436B (en) 2012-02-01

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