EP2125203A1 - Reformierungskatalysator für schmelzcarbonatbrennstoffzellen - Google Patents
Reformierungskatalysator für schmelzcarbonatbrennstoffzellenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2125203A1 EP2125203A1 EP08717135A EP08717135A EP2125203A1 EP 2125203 A1 EP2125203 A1 EP 2125203A1 EP 08717135 A EP08717135 A EP 08717135A EP 08717135 A EP08717135 A EP 08717135A EP 2125203 A1 EP2125203 A1 EP 2125203A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- suspension
- binder
- catalyst composition
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M8/144—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/145—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material comprising carbonates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0225—Coating of metal substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
- C01B2203/067—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells the reforming process taking place in the fuel cell
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
- C01B2203/1058—Nickel catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1094—Promotors or activators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst composition and a catalyst material suitable for use in a fuel cell as a reforming catalyst and less susceptible to catalyst poisoning by alkali metals.
- the invention further relates to a catalyst suspension for the preparation of the catalyst composition and the catalyst material and to a process for the preparation of the catalyst suspension and the catalyst composition.
- the first reaction is strongly endothermic and can directly consume the released heat from the electrochemical reaction.
- This reaction is a catalytic reaction requiring a reforming catalyst (eg, a Ni catalyst), whereby it is possible to use natural gas (possibly also methane, petroleum gas, naphtha, heavy oil or crude oil) as a raw material for the operation of the fuel cell.
- a reforming catalyst eg, a Ni catalyst
- natural gas possibly also methane, petroleum gas, naphtha, heavy oil or crude oil
- DE 10156033 A problem that occurs is described in DE 10156033. From the electrolyte U 2 CO 3 / K 2 CO 3 KOH is formed in equilibrium at the high operating temperature, which diffuses through the gas phase and poisoned the catalyst. Potassium is a potent poison for nickel catalysts.
- DE 10165033 proposes the use of a potassium adsorption material on a support (for example paper) between the anode and the catalyst. On the one hand, saturation of the adsorption material can quickly occur, on the other hand, the amount of potassium is irreversibly removed from the electrolyte and there is a shift in the equilibrium in the direction of KOH new formation. In addition, an effective K adsorption can be ensured only with very fine-pored layer having a high pressure loss or a low gas exchange between the layer with catalyst and the porous current collector layer.
- US 2001/026881 A1 describes a Ni membrane for the separation of KOH in order to prevent catalyst poisoning.
- the diffusion problem as described in DE 10165033 also occurs here.
- Ni catalysts in the form of pellets and extrudates are used on the anode side. The loading of large cell areas with catalyst, so that a free flow and a low pressure loss remain ensured, however, is difficult and expensive.
- WO 02/052665 A1 and DE 10165033 A1 therefore describe a coating of the catalyst on a nickel surface or on the porous current collectors. However, this often results in a problem with the adhesion of the catalyst on the surface. Peeling catalyst particles could clog channels and damage the system.
- a catalyst composition for the methane steam reforming which comprises a Ni catalyst and a binder, and is characterized in that the catalyst has a pore volume of at least 200 mm 3 / g.
- the high pore volume catalyst composition of the present invention has lower sensitivity to poisoning with KOH than prior art lower pore volume catalysts.
- the pore volume is 300 mm 3 / g to 1500 mm 3 / g, in particular between 400 and 1000 mm 3 / g. Particularly preferably, the pore volume is between 700 and 800 mm 3 / g.
- the pore volume is determined by the mercury intrusion method on the basis of DIN 66133, as described in detail below. In particular, the pore volume is the specific total pore volume (based on pores with radii of 3.7-7500 nm). The pore radius can be determined using the Washburn equation as given in DIN 66133.
- the catalyst for the catalyst composition preferably contains nickel, silicon and aluminum. Further details of the catalysts and binders which can be used in the invention are given in the context of the discussion of the preparation process. It is further preferred if the catalyst comprises particles having a particle size with a d 5 o value of 2 to 10 ⁇ m, in particular with a d 5 o ⁇ 5 ⁇ m.
- the particle size should not exceed 20 microns.
- the d 5 o value means that 50% of the particles have this value (particle diameter). Particle size determination is by laser scattering measurements as described below.
- the invention further provides a process for producing a catalyst suspension for the methane steam reforming, the process comprising the following step:
- a catalyst composition prepared by this process which is characterized by a higher pore volume than prior art catalysts, has a lower sensitivity to poisoning with KOH.
- a binder preferably a sol
- the pores of the catalyst can be blocked.
- this negative effect can be corrected by adding a burnout material.
- the catalysts which are prepared by the process according to the invention have very good adhesion and low sensitivity to poisoning with KOH.
- catalysts can be used as the catalyst.
- Particularly highly active Ni catalysts are suitable, in particular precipitated catalysts.
- the catalyst may be doped with Mg to provide greater stability against soot formation. This is advantageous, for example, in the reforming of higher hydrocarbons. These higher hydrocarbons are reacted in the entire system of the fuel cell in a pre-reformer. Therefore, Mg-free precipitated Ni catalysts are also used for internal reforming.
- the catalyst used is a hydrogenation catalyst, more preferably, the catalyst is a Ni hydrogenation catalyst.
- the catalyst C1 1- PR ® Süd-Chemie AG can be exemplified.
- commonly available supported Ni catalysts are suitable, which are applied to conventional support materials such as alumina, silica, etc.
- the catalyst which is usually used in the form of a powder, is ground to a uniform particle size, which generally has a d 50 value of 2-10 microns, preferably a d 5 o value of about 5 microns. It is furthermore preferred that the particle size of the catalyst does not exceed 20 ⁇ m.
- the grinding of the catalyst can be carried out in any known mill, for example a hammer mill, and the separation of the particles of the desired particle size can be carried out by a cyclone.
- Other methods for separating the correspondingly large catalyst particles are conceivable, for example centrifuging or sedimentation.
- a suspension is prepared in a dispersing agent.
- dispersing agents the organic and non-organic solvents known in the art are suitable.
- the dispersant is water.
- dispersants for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, polyhydric alcohols such as glycol, polyalcohols, polyether glycols or acetone can be used. Mixtures of the abovementioned dispersants can also be used. These may optionally be added from the prior art known dispersion aids and additives and dispersants.
- the catalyst powder may be added simultaneously, before or after the binder.
- the addition of the Ni catalyst occurs after the addition of the binder to the dispersant.
- the wet milling can be carried out in a bead mill, for example in a bead mill with zirconium oxide beads.
- the suspension should be at a pH ⁇ 7, preferably a pH of 5-7 and particularly preferably a pH of 6-7. 6.5, using acetic acid.
- the suspension which is wet-milled may be a suspension containing both the catalyst powder and the binder, or a suspension containing only the catalyst powder or only the binder.
- a binder is added to the suspension. This achieves an improvement in the adhesion of the catalyst coating which is applied as a suspension, in particular as an aqueous suspension (washcoat).
- the addition of the binder may be carried out before or after the above-described wet milling.
- the binder is a sol, particularly preferably it is a sol of nanoparticles of Al 2 O 3 (e.g., Disperal ® of Sasol) or ZrO 2 (for example, Zr-acetate of Mel Chemicals, NYACOL ® products). Further preferred are cerium oxide sols (eg from Nyacol), silicon dioxide sols (eg Köstro- sol ®) and titanium dioxide sols (eg life of fixed-Chemie).
- a zirconium sol is used.
- Solen refers to homogeneous clear solutions containing nanoparticles in the size range of about 2-50 nm.
- the commercially available sols are usually acetate-stabilized sols or nitrate-stabilized sols (nitric acid).
- a spent fuel is added to this suspension.
- the addition of the fuel may be before, after or simultaneously with the addition of the binder and the Ni catalyst.
- the burnout is added to a suspension of binder and Ni catalyst powder in the dispersant.
- the fuel is organic combustible material.
- the fuel is an organic polymer.
- Preferred materials include hydrocarbon compounds, especially oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compounds, which are in finely ground form.
- the fuel is in powder form.
- the preferred Ausbrennstoffen include, for example, finely ground cellulose, paraformaldehyde, polyoxymethylene resp. End-group-functionalized derivatives thereof, polyethylene, etc. Cellulose is particularly preferably used.
- the Ausbrennstoff is preferably a high molecular weight organic material which can be burned almost residue-free, preferably at temperatures above 100 0 C, more preferably at temperatures between 150 and 450 0 C and more preferably at temperatures between 200 and 400 0 C in particular not low-molecular-weight Compounds such as ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate, urea, formamide, dimethylformamide, acetamide, dimethylacetamide or hexamethylenetetramine.
- the fuel may be added to the suspension in an amount in the range of 1-30% by weight, preferably 5-15% by weight, and more preferably 10% by weight, based on the dry weight of the suspension.
- a catalyst suspension according to the invention for methane steam reforming which comprises a binder and is characterized in that the suspension additionally contains a fuel.
- the catalyst suspension contains the burnout preferably in an amount in the range of 1-30 wt .-%, preferably 5-15 wt .-% and particularly preferably 10 wt .-%, based on the dry weight of the suspension.
- the fuel contained in the catalyst suspension is preferably an organic material, preferably cellulose.
- the binder is a sol, preferably a sol of nanoparticles of Al 2 O 3 or ZrO 2 .
- the catalyst suspension thus obtained can be used to prepare a high catalyst pore volume catalyst composition as described above.
- the invention further provides a process for the preparation of a catalyst composition, the process comprising heating the catalyst suspension shown above to burn out the fuel.
- the heating includes both drying and calcining.
- the calcining is usually carried out at 250-450 0 C, preferably at 300-400 0 C.
- the invention includes a method of making a catalyst composition for methane steam reforming, the steps
- the suspension can be prepared by mixing, in particular stirring or grinding, lo.
- the catalyst powder can be used simultaneously, before or after the binder.
- the addition of the catalyst preferably takes place after the addition of the binder to the suspension.
- the addition of the fuel can be done simultaneously or after the addition of the catalyst and the binder.
- the addition of the Ausbrennstoffs takes place to a suspension of binder i5 and catalyst. It is furthermore preferred if the suspension of catalyst and binder is wet-ground before the addition of the fuel.
- the catalyst suspension is preferably coated prior to burn-out on a support.
- the carrier may have a metal surface.
- the catalyst suspension is applied to a support comprising a porous material, e.g. a porous foam is applied.
- the porous foam is a metal foam, and most preferably a Ni foam.
- the invention further provides a catalyst composition obtainable by a process comprising the steps 1. preparing a suspension of a binder and a Ni catalyst powder in a dispersant,
- the catalyst composition obtained is further characterized in that it preferably has a pore volume of from 300 mm 3 / g to 1500 mm 3 / g and comprises particles having a particle size with a d 50 value of from 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- inventive catalyst compositions containing a Ni catalyst and a binder and obtainable by the process described herein are characterized by a lower sensitivity to potassium poisoning.
- the invention further provides a catalyst material comprising a supported catalyst composition as described above.
- the catalyst material or catalyst composition is particularly suitable for use as a catalyst and, in particular, for use as a reforming catalyst in a fuel cell.
- Part of the invention is further a fuel cell containing the catalyst materials or catalyst compositions according to the invention.
- the high pore volume catalyst compositions of the present invention have less sensitivity to poisoning with KOH than prior art catalysts.
- FIG. 4 shows the activity and deactivation of catalysts obtained from a catalyst suspension with resp. without additional fuel
- Example 5 shows the pore size distribution and the pore volume of a catalyst of a catalyst composition according to the invention (Example 2).
- the pore volume was determined on the basis of DIN 66133.
- a mercury porosimetry was carried out with a mercury porosimeter of the Carlo Erba Porosimeter 4000 type.
- the capillary radius was 1.5 mm and the volume of mercury 15 ml.
- the pressure range was 1-2000 bar.
- the particle size and the particle size distribution of the catalyst were determined by laser scattering with a FRITSCH PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 with a measuring range of 0.1-501 ⁇ m.
- the evaluation was carried out according to the Fraunhofer method.
- the sample chamber with water pumped around is pumped through the cuvette at 50 rpm, stirred and at 100 rpm.
- ultrasound is used to obtain the dispersion.
- This suspension was ground in a bead mill.
- the mill used was a Dyno-MiII from WA-Bachofen with 250 ml grinding chamber volume. 200 ml Y-stabilized zirconia balls from Joti of 1-1, 2 mm diameter were used.
- 59.55 g of isopropanol and 7.95 g Agitan290 ® (defoaming agent), and 209.55 g zirconium sol were (Mel Chemicals 20% Zr) was stirred as a binder.
- This suspension was coated on a Ni foam sheet of 3 mm thickness and the coating dried so that 25 mg / cm 2 coating was on the foam.
- the coated porous Ni described above were plates h at 400 0 C in air in the reactor for 3 heated. It came to burn out the combustibles from the catalyst. Subsequently, about 15 h (overnight) at 650 0 C was reduced with hydrogen. It was then reformed at 650 ° C. for 3 h, with the following gas mixture (% by volume): 31% CO, 30% CH 4 , 33% CO 2 , 6% H 2 . The space velocity was 50,000 / h; it was chosen so that it remained below the thermodynamic turnover at the beginning. After 3 h was measured and heated overnight for faster deactivation to 750 0 C. The next day, the temperature was lowered again, maintained and measured for 3 hours.
- the mixture was then cooled as described above, the potassium source was installed and retested and the procedure repeated 3 h at 650 0 C and 21 h at 750 0 C alternately. At weekends (long periods between measurement points), the temperature remained at 750 ° C for two days.
- a portion of the catalyst suspension was poured into a dish, dried and calcined at 440 0 C (burnout of the organics). Subsequently, the product was granulated to 2-3 mm and the pore volume was determined by means of mercury porosimetry as described above. The pore volume of this catalyst was 169 mm 3 / g. The pore distribution is shown in FIG. It can be seen that 96% of the pores are smaller than 7 nm.
- This catalyst suspension was coated on Ni foams as described in Example 1, and a portion of the catalyst suspension was dried and calcined as described in Example 1.
- the pore size distribution of the catalyst according to the invention according to Example 2 is shown in Fig. 5.
- the measurement of the activity and potassium deactivation of the catalyst according to the invention was carried out analogously to Example 1.
- the measurement of activity and deactivation under KOH vapor is shown in FIG. It can be clearly seen that after the second measuring point, ie after the addition of potassium, a loss of activity can also be observed for the catalyst according to the invention. However, the subsequent loss of activity over the remaining time is significantly lower than in the case of the catalyst of Example 1 with the small pore volume.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007009556A DE102007009556A1 (de) | 2007-02-27 | 2007-02-27 | Reformierungskatalysator für Schmelzcarbonatbrennstoffzellen |
| PCT/EP2008/052305 WO2008104536A1 (de) | 2007-02-27 | 2008-02-26 | Reformierungskatalysator für schmelzcarbonatbrennstoffzellen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2125203A1 true EP2125203A1 (de) | 2009-12-02 |
Family
ID=39427601
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08717135A Withdrawn EP2125203A1 (de) | 2007-02-27 | 2008-02-26 | Reformierungskatalysator für schmelzcarbonatbrennstoffzellen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110003681A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2125203A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20100014639A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007009556A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008104536A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010008303A1 (de) | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-16 | Mtu Onsite Energy Gmbh | Verfahren zur Beladung eines flächigen Bauelements einer Brennstoffzelle mit Katalysatormaterial und entsprechendes Katalysatormaterial |
| DE102009057966A1 (de) | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-16 | Mtu Onsite Energy Gmbh | Beladung eines Stromkollektors einer Brennstoffzelle mit pelletförmigem Katalysatormaterial |
| DE102010008305A1 (de) | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-16 | Mtu Onsite Energy Gmbh | Stromkollektor für eine Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zur Beladung des Stromkollektors mit Katalysatormaterial |
| DE102010008304A1 (de) | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-16 | Mtu Onsite Energy Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beladung eines Stromkollektors einer Brennstoffzelle mit Katalysatormaterial |
| US8993477B2 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2015-03-31 | Basf Se | Catalyst composition for the steam reforming of methane in fuel cells |
| CN103917291A (zh) | 2011-11-09 | 2014-07-09 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 用于在燃料电池中蒸汽转化甲烷的催化剂组合物 |
| US9556391B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2017-01-31 | Phillips 66 Company | Method for producing renewable hydrogen from biomass derivatives using steam reforming technology |
| JP6842798B2 (ja) | 2016-04-11 | 2021-03-17 | フュエルセル エナジー, インコーポレイテッドFuelcell Energy, Inc. | 溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池中の直接内部改質触媒として使用される担持ニッケル触媒 |
Family Cites Families (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3111396A (en) * | 1960-12-14 | 1963-11-19 | Gen Electric | Method of making a porous material |
| US3366577A (en) * | 1966-10-25 | 1968-01-30 | Joseph H. Miglietta | Sulfonated adsorbent and method of manufacture |
| GB1505254A (en) * | 1974-07-03 | 1978-03-30 | Haldor Topsoe As | Catalyst and process for preparing methane rich gas |
| US4191664A (en) * | 1975-06-16 | 1980-03-04 | Union Oil Company Of California | Thermally stable nickel-alumina catalysts useful for methanation and other reactions |
| US4073750A (en) * | 1976-05-20 | 1978-02-14 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Method for preparing a highly dispersed supported nickel catalyst |
| US4225346A (en) * | 1978-09-08 | 1980-09-30 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Process for fabricating porous nickel bodies |
| JPS55139837A (en) * | 1979-04-18 | 1980-11-01 | Fujimi Kenmazai Kogyo Kk | Catalyst for steam modification of hydrocarbon |
| DE4142897A1 (de) * | 1991-12-23 | 1993-06-24 | Sued Chemie Ag | Katalysator-formkoerper |
| DE4310971A1 (de) * | 1993-04-03 | 1994-10-06 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Nickel/Aluminiumoxid-Katalysator, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung, seine Verwendung sowie Verfahren zur Hydrierung von aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Hilfe des Katalysators |
| US5496655A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1996-03-05 | Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company | Catalytic bipolar interconnection plate for use in a fuel cell |
| EP0985448A1 (de) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-03-15 | Engelhard Corporation | Nickel Katalysator |
| JP2002536165A (ja) * | 1999-02-12 | 2002-10-29 | インペリアル・ケミカル・インダストリーズ・ピーエルシー | 転移アルミナ上のニッケル触媒 |
| KR100339795B1 (ko) | 2000-01-25 | 2002-06-07 | 박호군 | 탄산염 차단막이 구비된 직접 내부개질형 용융탄산염연료전지 |
| EP1299185B1 (de) * | 2000-07-12 | 2011-03-02 | Albemarle Netherlands B.V. | Ein auf einem brennbaren bindemittel basierender mischmetallkatalysator |
| DE10064462A1 (de) | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-18 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elektroden, Komponenten, Halbzellen und Zellen für elektrochemische Energiewandler |
| US6492045B1 (en) | 2001-06-26 | 2002-12-10 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Corrugated current collector for direct internal reforming fuel cells |
| DE10156033C2 (de) | 2001-11-15 | 2003-10-30 | Mtu Cfc Solutions Gmbh | Stromkollektor und Verwendung eines Stromkollektors bei einer Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzelle |
| DE10202127A1 (de) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-07-31 | Kataleuna Gmbh Catalysts | Kugelförmige hochaktive Metall-Trägerkatalysatoren |
| US20040077496A1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-04-22 | Shizhong Zhao | Catalyst |
| JP5095909B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-24 | 2012-12-12 | ローム・アンド・ハース・エレクトロニック・マテリアルズ,エル.エル.シー. | 触媒組成物および析出方法 |
| US20050221163A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-06 | Quanmin Yang | Nickel foam and felt-based anode for solid oxide fuel cells |
| KR100859748B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-29 | 2008-09-24 | 학교법인 포항공과대학교 | 불균일계 전이금속 촉매의 제조방법 |
| KR100719484B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-31 | 2007-05-18 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 금속모노리스 촉매를 이용한 컴팩트형 수증기개질구조촉매 및 이를 이용한 수소의 제조방법 |
| CN101180125B (zh) * | 2005-03-24 | 2014-09-10 | 里贾纳大学 | 用于生产氢的催化剂 |
| US7396795B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2008-07-08 | Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc | Low temperature preparation of supported nanoparticle catalysts having increased dispersion |
| US7935652B2 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2011-05-03 | Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc. | Supported nanoparticle catalysts manufactured using caged catalyst atoms |
| US7563742B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2009-07-21 | Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc | Supported nickel catalysts having high nickel loading and high metal dispersion and methods of making same |
| US7534741B2 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2009-05-19 | Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc | Supported nanocatalyst particles manufactured by heating complexed catalyst atoms |
-
2007
- 2007-02-27 DE DE102007009556A patent/DE102007009556A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-02-26 KR KR1020097020247A patent/KR20100014639A/ko not_active Abandoned
- 2008-02-26 EP EP08717135A patent/EP2125203A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-02-26 US US12/528,511 patent/US20110003681A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-02-26 WO PCT/EP2008/052305 patent/WO2008104536A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110003681A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
| KR20100014639A (ko) | 2010-02-10 |
| DE102007009556A1 (de) | 2008-10-23 |
| WO2008104536A1 (de) | 2008-09-04 |
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