KR100859748B1 - 불균일계 전이금속 촉매의 제조방법 - Google Patents
불균일계 전이금속 촉매의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100859748B1 KR100859748B1 KR1020040114826A KR20040114826A KR100859748B1 KR 100859748 B1 KR100859748 B1 KR 100859748B1 KR 1020040114826 A KR1020040114826 A KR 1020040114826A KR 20040114826 A KR20040114826 A KR 20040114826A KR 100859748 B1 KR100859748 B1 KR 100859748B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- palladium
- transition metal
- ligand
- heterogeneous
- metal complex
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- FAFGMAGIYHHRKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diphenylphosphanylethyl(diphenyl)phosphane;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FAFGMAGIYHHRKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- -1 allyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVUJUNXFUIQL-AIHGBYIOSA-N CC(C)CC[C@@H](C)[C@@H](CC1)[C@@](C)(CC2)[C@@H]1C1[C@H]2[C@@](C)(CCC(C2)=O)C2=CC1 Chemical compound CC(C)CC[C@@H](C)[C@@H](CC1)[C@@](C)(CC2)[C@@H]1C1[C@H]2[C@@](C)(CCC(C2)=O)C2=CC1 BZLVUJUNXFUIQL-AIHGBYIOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrostilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium ion Chemical compound [Ti+4] LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DYUWQWMXZHDZOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-iodobenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(I)C=C1 DYUWQWMXZHDZOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GATUGNVDXMYTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-phenylbenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OC)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GATUGNVDXMYTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006772 olefination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940067107 phenylethyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021524 transition metal nanoparticle Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOZZOSDBXABUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(butan-2-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CCC(C)[O-].CCC(C)[O-].CCC(C)[O-] WOZZOSDBXABUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
- C07C5/03—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/36—Rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/057—Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/0573—Selenium; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
- B01J37/033—Using Hydrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/036—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form a gel or a cogel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/002—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by dehydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/29—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/62—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/36—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/303—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C67/343—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/392—Metal surface area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/394—Metal dispersion value, e.g. percentage or fraction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/617—500-1000 m2/g
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- C07C2523/44—Palladium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 불균일계 전이금속 촉매의 제조 방법에 관한 것으로서, 본 발명에 따라 전이금속 착물을 담체 전구체 및 금속 잡게 리간드와 혼합한 후 생성 혼합물에 물을 가하여 졸-겔화 반응시키는 방법에 의하면 높은 활성을 지니고 재활용이 가능한 불균일계 전이금속 촉매를 용이하게 제조할 수 있다.
Description
도 1 내지 3은 각각 실시 예 1 내지 3에서 합성한 불균일 팔라듐 촉매의 투과전자현미경(TEM) 영상이다.
본 발명은 불균일계 전이금속 촉매의 제조방법, 특히 전이금속 착물을 담체 전구체 및 금속잡게 리간드와 혼합한 후 여기에 물을 가하여 졸-겔 반응시키는 공정에 의해 불균일계 촉매를 제조하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법에 관한 것이다.
팔라듐 촉매와 같은 전이금속 촉매는 다양한 유기반응에 사용되고 있다 (문헌 [Negishi, E.-I. In Handbook of Organopalladium Chemistry for Organic Synthesis; Negishi, E., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 2002] 참조). 특히 알켄이나 알킨의 환원반응, 알코올의 산화 반응, 알릴 할로겐화물의 올레핀화 반응 또는 교차 짝지음과 같은 탄소-탄소 짝지음 반응의 촉매로서 매우 효과적으로 사용 되어지고 있다 (문헌 [Denmark, S. E.; Sweis, R. F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 835] 참조).
일반적으로 사용되는 균일계 촉매는 촉매의 분리나 재사용이 어려워, 이러한 문제들로 인해 이들 촉매들은 공업적으로 적용하는 데 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 불균일계 촉매가 개발되고 있는데, 대부분의 불균일계 촉매들은 주로 무기물 지지체 또는 유기고분자에 팔라듐을 차후 고정화한 형태들이다 (문헌 [Djakovitch, L. 등, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2001, 123, 5990] 참조). 또한 팔라듐 나노입자, 콜로이드 팔라듐, 고분자에 둘러싸인 팔라듐 등이 재사용 가능한 불균일 촉매로 보고되기도 하였다 (문헌 [Kim, S.-W. 등, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 7642]; [Roucoux, A. 등, Chem. Rev.
2002, 102, 3757]; 및 [Akiyama, R. 등, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 3412] 참조). 그러나 위에 언급한 촉매들은 낮은 반응성, 촉매의 분해, 금속의 침출 그리고 어려운 합성과정 등의 문제점들이 있다.
따라서, 본 발명의 목적은 높은 활성을 지니고, 재활용이 가능한 불균일계 전이금속 촉매를 외부 리간드의 첨가 필요 없이도 용이하게 제조하는 방법을 제공하는 것이다.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명에서는 전이금속 착물, 담체 전구체 및 금속잡게 리간드 물질을 혼합하는 단계 및 생성된 혼합물에 물을 가하여 졸-겔 반응시키는 단계를 포함하는 불균일계 전이금속 촉매의 제조방법을 제공한다.
이하 본 발명에 대하여 보다 상세히 설명한다.
본 발명의 불균일 전이금속 촉매의 제조 방법은, 미리 제조된 담체에 전이금속을 담지시키는 것이 아니라, 전이금속 착물을 담체 전구체 및 금속잡게 리간드와 혼합한 후 상기 혼합물에 물을 가하여 졸-겔화 반응시킴으로써, 담체를 형성하는 공정과 그 위에 금속을 담지시키는 공정을 동일 반응계에서 처리하는 것을 특징으로 한다.
본 발명에 따르면 우선 전이금속착물, 금속잡게 리간드, 및 담체 전구체를 혼합하고 가열하여 금속나노입자를 형성한다.
상기 전이금속 착물에 포함되는 전이금속으로는 바람직하게는 Pd, Pt, Ru, Ni, Ir, Co, Rh, Os, Sm, Fe, Sc, Se Re, Au, Ag 등이 있으며, 더욱 바람직하게는 팔라듐(Pd)이다. 두 종류 이상의 유기금속 착화합물의 사용도 가능하며, 착물에 함유된 금속의 종류가 다를 수도 있다.
착물 형성에 적합한 배위리간드로는 음이온성 리간드(formal anions), 중성성 리간드(formal neutrals)가 포함된다. 음이온성 리간드로는 하이드라이드(H-), 클로라이드(Cl-), 시아나이드(CN-), 아세틸(CH3COO-) 등이 포함되며, 중성성 리간드 로는 트리페닐포스핀(P(C6H5)), 디벤질리덴아세톤(C6H5CH=CHCOCH=CHC
6H5), 카르보닐(CO), 디엔(CH2CHCHCH2) 등이 포함된다.
특히 팔라듐 착물의 예로는 테트라키스트리페닐포스핀팔라듐(0)(Pd[P(C6H5)3]4), 팔라듐(II) 아세테이트 (Pd(OAc)2
), 팔라듐(II) 클로라이드, 트리스디벤질리덴아세톤다이팔라듐(0) ((C6H5CH=CHCOCH=CHC6H5)
3Pd2), 트리스디벤질리덴아세톤다이팔라듐(0) 클로로포름 어덕트 ((C6H5CH=CHCOCH=CHC6H5)
3ㆍ Pd2CHCl3), 비스[1,2-비스(디페닐포스피노)에탄]팔라듐(0) (Pd[(C6H5)2PCH2CH
2P(C6H5)2]2), 비스(트리-t-부틸포스피노)팔라듐(0) (Pd[P(C4H9)3]2), 비스(트리사이클로헥실포스피노)팔라듐(0) (Pd[P(C6H11)3]2) 등이 포함되며, 바람직하게는 테트라키스트리페닐포스핀팔라듐(0)이다.
또한, 본 발명에서 금속잡게 리간드는 생성되는 전이금속 나노입자를 안정화시켜 일정한 크기의 금속나노입자가 형성되게 하는 물질을 말하며, 이러한 물질로는 에틸렌글리콜 다중합체, 알코올류가 해당된다.
상기 에틸렌글리콜 다중합체는 하기 화학식 1로 나타내어지는 폴리에틸렌글리콜일 수 있으며, 바람직하게는 n이 3인 트리에틸렌글리콜 또는 n이 4인 테트라에틸렌글리콜이다:
상기 식에서, 에틸렌 반복단위 n은 1 내지 30 범위의 정수이다.
또한 금속잡게 리간드로서의 알코올류로는 탄소가 1-10개의 1차, 2차 또는 3차의 알코올이 사용가능하며, 바람직한 예로는 메탄올, 에탄올, n-프로판올, i-프로판올, n-부탄올, sec-부탄올, i-부탄올 등이 있다.
상기 금속잡게 리간드는 유기금속착물 1몰을 기준으로 1 내지 500몰, 바람직하게는 5 내지 50몰의 양으로 사용할 수 있다.
한편, 상기 담체 전구체로는 통상 담체로 사용되는 금속 산화물의 알콕사이드계 전구체일 수 있으며, 실리카, 티타니아 및 알루미나의 전구체로서 각각 하기 구조식의 테트라알킬오르소실리케이트(Si(OR)4), 티타늄(IV) 테트라알콕사이드(Ti(OR)4), 알루미늄(III) 트리알콕사이드(Al(OR)3) 등이 사용될 수 있다:
상기 식에서, R은 메틸, 에틸, n-프로필, i-프로필, n-부틸, i-부틸, s-부틸 등 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬기, 바람직하게는 탄소수 1 내지 4의 저급 알킬기이다.
상기 담체 전구체는 유기금속착물 1몰을 기준으로 10 내지 1000몰, 바람직하게는 150 내지 300몰 범위의 양으로 사용할 수 있다.
상기 반응의 반응 온도는 50 내지 200 ℃, 특히 100 내지 150 ℃가 바람직하 며, 반응 완결에 소요되는 시간은 반응온도, 사용되는 반응물들의 몰비에 따라 변할 수 있으나, 대략 2 내지 20시간이다.
이어서, 생성된 나노입자 함유 반응생성 혼합물에 물을 첨가하여 졸-겔화 반응을 수행하게 되는데, 이때 사용되는 물의 양은 사용된 담체 전구체 1몰을 기준으로 1 내지 100몰, 바람직하게는 2 내지 10몰 범위이다.
상기 졸-겔화 반응에서 반응온도는 50 내지 200 ℃, 특히 100 내지 130 ℃가 바람직하며, 반응 완결에 소요되는 시간은 반응온도, 사용되는 반응물들의 몰비에 따라 변할 수 있으나, 1 내지 20시간이다.
상기 졸-겔화 반응생성물을 여과하여, 적절한 용매를 사용하여 세척하고 건조함으로써 유기물 등의 불순물을 제거함으로써 본 발명에 따른 불균일 전이금속 촉매를 간단히 수득할 수 있다.
상기 용매로는 아세톤, 테트라하이드로퓨란, 에틸아세테이트, 디에틸에테르, 1,4-디옥산, 벤젠, 톨루엔, N,N-디메틸포름아미드, 디메틸설폭시드, 메탄올, 에탄올, n-프로판올, i-프로판올, 디클로로메탄, 클로로포름 등을 사용할 수 있으며, 바람직한 용매는 아세톤, 테트라하이드로퓨란이다.
상술한 바와 같은 본 발명의 방법에 따르면, 높은 활성을 지니고 재활용이 가능하며 외부의 리간드가 없는 불균일 전이금속 촉매를 한 단계 반응으로 제조할 수 있으며, 이 촉매는 수소화 반응 (예를 들면 알켄 또는 알킨의 알칸화 반응), 알코올의 산화 반응, 탄소-탄소 짝지음 반응 등 다양한 반응에서 촉매로 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.
이하 본 발명을 하기 실시예에 의거하여 좀더 상세하게 설명하고자 한다. 단, 하기 실시예는 본 발명을 예시하기 위한 것일 뿐 한정하지는 않는다.
<촉매의 제조>
실시예 1 : 산화실리콘에 고정화된 불균일계 팔라듐촉매의 제조
테트라에틸렌글리콜 (0.190 g, 1.00 mmol), 테트라키스트리페닐포스핀 팔라듐(0) (0.155 g, 0.100 mmol)와 테트라메틸오르소실리케이트 (2.58 g, 17.0 mmol)를 냉각기가 장착된 25 mL 반응 용기에 넣고 120 ℃에서 2시간 가열하였다. 이어서 반응 용기에 물(0.920 mL)을 첨가한 다음 연속하여 같은 온도에서 10시간 가열하였다. 반응온도를 상온으로 낮추고 생성된 고체를 아세톤 10 mL로 3회 씻어주었다. 수득된 고체를 24시간 건조하여 평균 5nm의 실리카에 고정화된 불균일계 팔라듐 촉매 1.72 g (팔라듐 함량 : 0.78 %, 사용된 팔라듐에 대한 수율 : 94.5 %)을 수득하였다.
상기에서 얻어진 팔라듐 촉매의 TEM 영상을 도 1에 나타내었다.
실시예 2 : 산화티탄에 고정화된 불균일계 팔라듐촉매의 제조
테트라에틸렌글리콜 (0.42 g, 2.20 mmol), 테트라키스트리페닐포스핀팔라듐(0) (0.26 g, 0.23 mmol)와 티타늄(IV) 테트라이소프록폭사이드 (10.9 g, 38.5 mmol)를 냉각기가 장착된 25 mL 반응 용기에 넣고, 120 ℃에서 2시간 가열하였다. 이어서, 반응 용기에 물(1.80 mL)를 첨가한 다음 연속하여 같은 온도에서 10시간 가열하였다. 반응온도를 상온으로 낮추고 생성된 고체를 아세톤 10 mL로 3회 씻어준 다음, 수득된 고체를 24시간 건조하여 평균 5nm의 산화티탄에 고정화된 불균일계 팔라듐촉매 3.95 g (팔라듐 함량 : 0.59 %, 사용된 팔라듐에 대한 수율 : 97.4 %)을 수득하였다.
상기에서 얻어진 팔라듐촉매의 TEM 영상을 도 2에 나타내었다.
실시예 3 : 수산화알루미늄에 고정화된 불균일계 팔라듐촉매의 제조
테트라에틸렌글리콜 (0.42 g, 2.20 mmol), 테트라키스트리페닐포스핀팔라듐(0) (0.26 g, 0.23 mmol)와 알루미늄 트리-sec-부톡사이드 (9.5 g, 38.5 mmol)과 부탄올 (3 mL, 32.7 mmol)를 냉각기가 장착된 25 mL 반응 용기에 넣고, 120 ℃에서 2시간 가열하였다. 이어서, 반응 용기에 물(1.80 mL)를 첨가한 다음 연속하여 같은 온도에서 10시간 가열하였다. 반응온도를 상온으로 낮추고 생성된 고체를 아세톤 10 mL로 3회 씻어준 다음 수득된 고체를 24시간 건조하여 평균 3nm의 수산화알루미늄에 고정화된 불균일계 팔라듐촉매 2.75 g (팔라듐 함량 : 0.85 %, 사용된 팔라듐에 대한 수율 (98.0%)을 수득하였다.
상기에서 얻어진 팔라듐 촉매의 TEM 영상을 도 3에 나타내었다.
<팔라듐 촉매를 이용한 다양한 유기 반응>
실시예 4
트랜스-스틸벤 (0.180 g, 1.0 mmol)과 실시예 2에서 제조한 팔라듐촉매 (0.02 mmol)를 반응용기에 넣은 후, 에틸아세테이트 (4 mL)를 가하고 상온, 1기압의 수소 하에서 60분 동안 혼합물을 교반하였다. 고체를 여과한 후, 용매를 제거한 다음 얻어진 잔사를 실리카켈 컬럼(용리제: 헥산/에틸아세테이트(10/1))에 통과시켜 목적하는 1,2-디페닐에탄 0.182 g (100 % 수율)을 얻었다.
상기 반응에서 촉매를 여과 후 15회 재사용하여도 반응성에는 차이가 없었다.
실시예 5 내지 14
실시예 4와 유사하게 하기 표 1에 기재된 바에 따라 다양한 알킨 또는 알켄 화합물을 수소화 반응시켰으며, 각 반응에서의 수율을 하기 표 1에 나타내었다.
실시예 15
페닐에틸알코올 (0.122 g, 1.0 mmol)과 실시예 3에서 제조한 팔라듐촉매 (0.005 mmol; 0.5몰%)를 반응용기에 넣은 후, 톨루엔 (2 mL)를 가하고 1기압의 대기 하에서 6시간 동안 환류시켰다. 생성 고체를 여과한 후 용매를 제거한 다음, 얻어진 잔사를 실리카켈 컬럼(용리제: 헥산/에틸아세테이트(5/1))에 통과시켜 목적하는 아세토페논 0.120 g (99 % 수율)을 얻었다.
상기 촉매를 15회 재사용하여도 반응성에 차이가 나타나지 않았다.
실시예 16 내지 26
실시예 15와 유사하게 하기 표 2에 기재된 바에 따라 다양한 알콜 또는 다이올 화합물을 트리플루오로톨루엔(TFT) 및 톨루엔 용매중에서 산화 반응시켜 각각 상응 에스테르 또는 알데히드 화합물로 전환시켰으며, 각 반응에서의 수율을 표 2에 나타내었다(표 2에서 괄호안의 수치는 톨루엔 용매중에서 수행한 반응의 결과를 나타낸다).
실시예 27
실시예 15와 유사하게 하기 반응식에 따라 콜레스테롤을 산화 반응시켰으며, 이 반응에서의 수율은 99% 이었다.
실시예 28
메틸 4-아이오도벤조에이트 (0.262 g, 1.0 mmol), 포타슘포스페이트 (0.424 g, 2.0 mmol), 페닐보로닉 산 (0.461 g, 2.2 mmol)과 실시 예 1에서 제조한 팔라듐 촉매 (0.0075 mmol)를 반응용기에 넣은 후, 톨루엔 (3 mL)를 가하고, 아르곤으로 용기를 채운 다음 110 ℃에서 5시간 교반한 후 여과하였다. 여액의 용매를 제거한 후 잔사를 실리카켈 컬럼(용리제: 헥산/에틸아세테이트(8/1))에 통과시켜 목적하는 비페닐-4-카복실산 메틸 에스터 0.213 g(100 % 수율)을 얻었다.
상기 촉매를 3회 재사용하여도 반응성에 차이가 없었다.
상기한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따라 전이금속 착물을 담체 전구체 및 금속잡게 리간드와 혼합한 후 생성 혼합물에 물을 가하여 졸-겔화 반응시키는 방법에 의하면 담체를 미리 제조하여 그 위에 금속을 담지시키는 복잡한 공정을 이용하지 않고도 용이하게 높은 활성 및 재활용성이 높은 불균일계 전이금속 촉매를 제조할 수 있다.
Claims (12)
- 전이금속 착물, 담체 전구체 및 금속잡게 리간드를 혼합하는 단계 및 생성된 혼합물에 물을 가하여 졸-겔 반응시키는 단계를 포함하는, 불균일계 전이금속 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,전이금속 착물에서 전이 금속이 Pd, Pt, Ru, Ni, Ir, Co, Rh, Os, Sm, Fe, Sc, Re, Au, Ag 및 이들의 혼합물 중에서 선택된 것임을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,전이금속이 팔라듐(Pd) 임을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,전이금속 착물이 클로라이드, 아세틸, 트리페닐포스핀, 디벤질리덴아세톤 및 카르보닐 중에서 선택된 리간드를 포함하는 것임을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,팔라듐 함유 금속 착물이 테트라키스트리페닐포스핀팔라듐(0), 팔라듐(II) 아세테이트, 팔라듐(II) 클로라이드, 트리스디벤질리덴아세톤다이팔라듐(0), 트리스디벤 질리덴아세톤다이팔라듐(0) 클로로포름 어덕트 , 비스[1,2-비스(디페닐포스피노)에탄]팔라듐(0), 및 이들의 혼합물 중에서 선택된 것임을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,금속잡게 리간드가 에틸렌 반복단위가 1 내지 30개인 에틸렌글리콜 다중합체 또는 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬기를 가진 알코올임을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,금속잡게 리간드가 금속 착물 1몰을 기준으로 1 내지 500몰 범위의 양으로 사용됨을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,담체 전구체가 금속 착물 1몰을 기준으로 10 내지 1000몰 범위의 양으로 사용됨을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,혼합 단계를 50 내지 200 ℃의 반응온도에서 2 내지 20시간 동안 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,졸-겔 반응단계에서 담체 전구체 1몰을 기준으로 0.5 내지 10 몰 범위의 물을 사용함을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,졸-겔 반응을 5분 내지 20시간 동안 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020040114826A KR100859748B1 (ko) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | 불균일계 전이금속 촉매의 제조방법 |
US11/718,017 US7579294B2 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-02-02 | Synthesis of supported transition metal catalysts |
JP2007549227A JP4971184B2 (ja) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-02-02 | 担持された遷移金属触媒の製造方法 |
PCT/KR2005/000307 WO2006070964A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-02-02 | Synthesis of supported transition metal catalysts |
CA2589069A CA2589069C (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2005-02-02 | Synthesis of supported transition metal catalysts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020040114826A KR100859748B1 (ko) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | 불균일계 전이금속 촉매의 제조방법 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20060076419A KR20060076419A (ko) | 2006-07-04 |
KR100859748B1 true KR100859748B1 (ko) | 2008-09-24 |
Family
ID=36615059
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020040114826A KR100859748B1 (ko) | 2004-12-29 | 2004-12-29 | 불균일계 전이금속 촉매의 제조방법 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7579294B2 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP4971184B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100859748B1 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2589069C (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2006070964A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2301350A1 (es) * | 2006-03-27 | 2008-06-16 | Universidad Politecnica De Valencia | Materiales hibridos metalico-organico-inorganico, preparacion y su uso en catalisis. |
KR100837396B1 (ko) * | 2007-01-15 | 2008-06-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 담지 촉매, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 캐소드 전극 및상기 캐소드 전극을 포함하는 연료전지 |
DE102007009556A1 (de) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-10-23 | Mtu Cfc Solutions Gmbh | Reformierungskatalysator für Schmelzcarbonatbrennstoffzellen |
KR100926128B1 (ko) * | 2007-06-19 | 2009-11-11 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | 자성체 나노촉매 및 이의 제조 방법 |
CN101693725B (zh) * | 2009-10-15 | 2012-12-05 | 浙江省冶金研究院有限公司 | 一种二(三叔丁基膦)钯(0)的合成工艺 |
EP3060597A4 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2017-06-14 | Empire Technology Development LLC | Compounds and methods for producing nylon 6 |
US9988491B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2018-06-05 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Methods and compounds for producing nylon 6,6 |
CN105658616A (zh) * | 2013-10-25 | 2016-06-08 | 英派尔科技开发有限公司 | 产生二羰基化合物的方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5814370A (en) | 1996-06-11 | 1998-09-29 | Sandia Corporation | Encapsulation of nanoclusters in dried gel materials via an inverse micelle/sol gel synthesis |
WO2003072247A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-04 | Far East Asia Corporation | Organometallic catalyst immobilized on magnetic nanoparticle and process for the production thereof |
US6753287B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2004-06-22 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Sol-gel hybrid materials containing precious metals as catalysts for partial oxidation of hydrocarbons |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6161644A (ja) * | 1984-09-03 | 1986-03-29 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | シリカを担体とする多孔性高分散金属触媒の調製方法 |
JPH0747129B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-02 | 1995-05-24 | 株式会社コロイドリサーチ | 触媒金属化合物を担持した多孔質ゲルの製造方法 |
JPH09110852A (ja) * | 1995-10-24 | 1997-04-28 | Showa Denko Kk | γ−ブチロラクトンの製造方法 |
EP0912586B1 (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 2002-01-16 | Syngenta Participations AG | Functionalized ferrocenyldiphosphines, a process for their preparation and their use |
JPH1147615A (ja) * | 1997-08-06 | 1999-02-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | 触媒担体の製造方法 |
DE19735770C1 (de) * | 1997-08-18 | 1999-05-27 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Diarylcarbonaten |
-
2004
- 2004-12-29 KR KR1020040114826A patent/KR100859748B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-02-02 WO PCT/KR2005/000307 patent/WO2006070964A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-02-02 JP JP2007549227A patent/JP4971184B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-02 CA CA2589069A patent/CA2589069C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-02 US US11/718,017 patent/US7579294B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5814370A (en) | 1996-06-11 | 1998-09-29 | Sandia Corporation | Encapsulation of nanoclusters in dried gel materials via an inverse micelle/sol gel synthesis |
US6753287B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2004-06-22 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Sol-gel hybrid materials containing precious metals as catalysts for partial oxidation of hydrocarbons |
WO2003072247A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-04 | Far East Asia Corporation | Organometallic catalyst immobilized on magnetic nanoparticle and process for the production thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Tetrahedron Letters 45 (2004) p.7057-7059. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006070964A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
US20090137385A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
US7579294B2 (en) | 2009-08-25 |
CA2589069A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
JP4971184B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 |
JP2008525189A (ja) | 2008-07-17 |
CA2589069C (en) | 2010-04-06 |
KR20060076419A (ko) | 2006-07-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Ren et al. | Single-atom Rh based bipyridine framework porous organic polymer: A high active and superb stable catalyst for heterogeneous methanol carbonylation | |
KR100926128B1 (ko) | 자성체 나노촉매 및 이의 제조 방법 | |
JP4971184B2 (ja) | 担持された遷移金属触媒の製造方法 | |
JP5643197B2 (ja) | 不均一銅ナノ触媒およびその製造方法 | |
JP5758802B2 (ja) | 金属含有有機シリカ触媒、その製造方法及び使用 | |
JP4297716B2 (ja) | C−c結合の形成方法 | |
Abrantes et al. | A chiral menthyl cyclopentadienyl molybdenum tricarbonyl chloro complex: Synthesis, heterogenization on MCM-41/MCM-48 and application in olefin epoxidation catalysis | |
Osińska et al. | Suzuki–Miyaura and Hiyama coupling catalyzed by PEPPSI-type complexes with non-bulky NHC ligand | |
Park et al. | Immobilized Co/Rh Heterobimetallic Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Pauson–Khand‐Type Reaction | |
Jian et al. | Ni@ Pd core-shell nanoparticles supported on a metal-organic framework as highly efficient catalysts for nitroarenes reduction | |
Shi et al. | Constraining titanium tartrate in the interlayer space of layered double hydroxides induces enantioselectivity | |
Pahlevanneshan et al. | Suzuki–Miyaura C–C coupling reactions catalysed by a homogeneous and nanosilica supported palladium (II) N-heterocyclic carbene complex derived from 3, 5-di (1-imidazolyl) pyridine | |
CN113333021A (zh) | 具有高催化活性的多孔聚合物负载钯催化剂及其在催化Suzuki-Miyaura反应中的应用 | |
JP6054386B2 (ja) | パラジウム(I)トリ−t−ブチルホスフィンブロミド二量体の製造方法および異性化反応においてそれを使用するプロセス | |
JP6157592B2 (ja) | ジケトナト−ロジウム(i)−カルボニル錯体を調製するためのプロセス | |
Wang et al. | A simple procedure for the covalent grafting of triphenylphosphine ligands on silica: application in the palladium catalyzed Suzuki reaction | |
CN113786837A (zh) | 一种糠醛加氢重排制备环戊酮和环戊醇的方法 | |
Liu et al. | Microwave-assisted tandem allylation-isomerization reaction catalyzed by a mesostructured bifunctional catalyst in aqueous media | |
KR20100098363A (ko) | 불균일 구리 나노 촉매 및 그 제조방법 | |
Crosman et al. | Heterogeneously catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-arylenamides over immobilized RhBPE and RhDUPHOS complexes | |
WO2012004352A2 (en) | Mesoporous diphosphine-transition metal complex catalyst for hydroformylation | |
Liu et al. | Catalytic behavior of silica‐supported methylcellulose–oxalic acid–Pt complex in asymmetric hydrogenation of 2‐butanone and itaconic acid | |
CN113856726B (zh) | 一种适用于β-硝基醇制备的高效低成本非均相催化剂 | |
CN114874246B (zh) | 一种基于流动相高效制备手性硼化物的方法 | |
KR101076628B1 (ko) | 불균일 구리 나노 촉매 및 그 제조방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20110916 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20120830 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
LAPS | Lapse due to unpaid annual fee |