EP2097557A1 - Bereitstellung von wasserführenden bauteilen aus messinglegierungen mit verringerter metallionenfreisetzung - Google Patents
Bereitstellung von wasserführenden bauteilen aus messinglegierungen mit verringerter metallionenfreisetzungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2097557A1 EP2097557A1 EP07819780A EP07819780A EP2097557A1 EP 2097557 A1 EP2097557 A1 EP 2097557A1 EP 07819780 A EP07819780 A EP 07819780A EP 07819780 A EP07819780 A EP 07819780A EP 2097557 A1 EP2097557 A1 EP 2097557A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- layer
- contact
- copper sulfide
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- ONMOULMPIIOVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 98-47-5 Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ONMOULMPIIOVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002535 CuZn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical compound [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001340 Leaded brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aromatic sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- VDQVEACBQKUUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M disodium;sulfanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[SH-] VDQVEACBQKUUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
- C23C22/52—Treatment of copper or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production or supply of water-bearing components made of brass alloys with reduced metal ion release and the corresponding components themselves.
- Components made of brass alloys are used for very different purposes. Particularly important are those applications in which these components come in contact with water as intended, especially with drinking water. These are in the broadest sense the areas of sanitary technology, water and drinking water production and water treatment.
- brass alloys are used for the production of water-bearing or water-storing components. Conventional production methods for such components include, for example, drawing, turning, hot pressing (forging) or casting. The corresponding components are then, for example, pipes, valves, fittings and the like.
- brass alloys In principle, a wide variety of brass alloys can be used for the purposes mentioned. These alloys are known in the art. Particularly noteworthy here are the lead-containing brass alloys, in which case the lead is generally added for better mechanical workability of the components produced therefrom.
- Such coatings are preferably applied to the so-called decorative surfaces, ie those (outer) surfaces which are accessible to the user of the component, for example the sanitary fitting.
- the coatings mentioned have either a technical function, eg. B. corrosion protection, or a decorative function, eg. Gloss, or both.
- the best known example of such coatings is the so-called chrome plating, ie the application of a, usually final, chromium layer on the component. This chromium layer is usually applied by electroplating, wherein below the chromium layer, various other coatings can be located, which usually conclude with a nickel layer.
- these coatings are to be applied only to the decorative surfaces of the component, it is generally not possible to prevent such coatings (in part) from precipitating in the water-bearing (inner) surfaces of the component. It is said here that these layers "scatter" into the water-bearing parts of the component and their surfaces, and from such interspersed layers are, for example, the abovementioned nickel ions, which can be detected in the water flowing through the component.
- the release of metal ions, in particular the mentioned copper, zinc, lead and nickel ions, in the water which comes into contact with the component in use as intended, in particular flows through the component, but is less tolerated. This applies in particular to the drinking water sector.
- this method should be able to be incorporated easily into existing production or coating processes for such components, in particular for sanitary fittings.
- an already largely coated, preferably Chromed component can be treated by such a new method.
- the aforementioned method for producing or providing water-conducting components, which are made of brass alloys and have reduced metal ion release in use, according to the invention is designed such that at least on the surfaces of the components in contact with water in contact with a copper sulfide layer is formed. This copper sulfide layer prevents metal ions from the underlying surfaces from entering the water present in or traversing the device.
- the method according to the invention is preferably additionally designed in such a way that the surfaces of the component which come into contact with water during use are partially desiccated.
- This dezincification causes the corresponding surfaces to deplete of zinc, which in particular form the finest channels in the surface.
- the copper sulfide can then be formed in these channels by reaction between the copper ions present there and the reagent used for copper sulfide formation.
- the resulting copper sulphide closes (blocks) the cables formed by the dezincification. reliable, so that from there no metal ion release to the environment and thus into the water / drinking water, can take place. For this reason, a combination of forming the copper sulfide layer with partial dezincification is particularly preferable.
- the surfaces which come into contact with water during use can either be first descaled in a first process step and then provided with the copper sulfide layer in a second process step, or these surfaces can be simultaneously desized in a (single) process step and simultaneously Copper sulfide layer are provided.
- the latter approach is therefore preferred because a process step can be saved. Both procedures will be explained in more detail below.
- the components are already chrome-plated on their decorative surfaces when carrying out the method.
- these may be galvanically applied chromium layers.
- This procedure has the particular advantage that the method steps according to the invention can be easily integrated into an already existing process sequence.
- the method according to the invention is designed such that the surfaces of the component which come into contact with water during use are partially provided with a nickel layer. Again, it is preferably an electrodeposited nickel layer.
- the said nickel layer be removed and also a copper sulfide layer formed on the respective surfaces where the nickel is then removed. Accordingly, the copper sulfide layer is then formed not only on the surfaces where the brass alloy was freely accessible from the outset, but also on those surfaces where the nickel layer was initially present and removed.
- a method according to the invention is particularly preferred in which a water-conducting component made of a brass alloy on its decorative (outer) surfaces is already chrome-plated and the In this process, this component is dezincified at its (inner) surfaces in contact with water when in use and provided with a copper sulfide layer.
- a method according to the invention is particularly preferred in which a water-conducting component made of a brass alloy on its decorative (outer) surfaces is already chrome-plated, at least partially having a nickel layer on its surfaces in contact with water during use. This component is thereby at the locations where the nickel layer is exposed, uncoupled and on the in use with water in contact surfaces where the brass is exposed from the outset or after the Entnickeln surfaces, and provided with a copper sulfide layer.
- a sulfidic solution or a solution having a sulfide-forming constituent are known in the art. This may be, for example, a sodium sulfide (Na 2 S) solution.
- At least one acid or at least one acid-forming salt can be used according to the invention.
- Such substances are also known to the person skilled in the art.
- no reagents are to be used here, which also strongly attack the copper contained in the brass alloy.
- the dezincification conversion of the zinc into zinc ions
- the decoloration transfer of the copper into copper ions. Accordingly, for example, no nitric acid will be used for dezincification, for example.
- Preferred reagents for dezincification are copper chloride, sulfuric acid or organic acids, preferably citric acid.
- At least one oxidizing acid in particular at least one sulfonic acid.
- sulfonic acids in particular aromatic sulfonic acids, preferably 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, are to be emphasized.
- the same reagent in particular at least one sulfonic acid, preferably the already mentioned 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, is used for (simultaneous) de-nipping and forming the copper sulfide layer.
- a mixture of at least two reagents can be used for simultaneous dezincification and formation of the copper sulfide layer, preferably for simultaneous de-nickeling, dezincing and forming of the copper sulfide layer.
- it is a mixture of at least two acids, wherein a mixture of sulfuric acid and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid is particularly preferred.
- one of the acids preferably the sulfuric acid mentioned, serves for dezincing, and a second acid, preferably the 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, serves to simultaneously de-nickel and form the copper sulfide layer.
- concentration ranges for all reagents used can be varied within wide limits and can be freely determined by the person skilled in the art, depending on the brass alloy used and the field of application of the component.
- Acids are to be mentioned as preferred a range of 2% to 30% acids, in particular 5% to 20%, preferably 5% to 10%, of acids.
- sulfuric acid is used as 5% to 10% acid and the 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid as 5% to 20% acid.
- CuS copper (copper (II) sulfide
- this is a black, resistant layer which forms closed on the corresponding surface and, in the case of dezincification, is anchored particularly firmly within this surface.
- a restriction to the form CuS should not be made. It is not excluded that in addition partially Cu 2 S (copper (l) - sulfide) is formed.
- the treatment time within which the corresponding reagents are in contact with the corresponding surfaces for forming the copper sulfide layer, is basically not critical in the invention.
- the corresponding periods should usually not exceed several hours.
- elevated temperatures usually up to 80 0 C, worked.
- a preferred temperature is, for example, about 70 ° C.
- typical process times are between a few, for example 5 minutes and 5 hours, in particular between 30 minutes and 3 hours.
- the layer thicknesses of the copper sulphide layer obtained, depending on the treatment, are generally less than 50 .mu.m, whereby higher layer thicknesses can easily be achieved.
- the inventive method is limited according to claim to water-bearing components made of brass alloys, it is in principle also possible to carry out the method steps according to the invention with copper or copper alloys.
- components of brass alloys are preferred.
- this brass alloy may be a leaded brass alloy.
- the lead contents of such brass alloys are below 10%, preferably below 5%.
- lead-containing brass alloys with a lead content of about 7% are used.
- preferred leaded brass alloys CuZn 37 Pb or CuZn3gPb 3 .
- the invention also comprises a component of a brass alloy, preferably of a lead-containing brass alloy, in which a copper sulfide layer is provided at least on the surfaces in contact with water when in use.
- a component of a brass alloy preferably of a lead-containing brass alloy
- a copper sulfide layer is provided at least on the surfaces in contact with water when in use.
- Copper sulfide layer can be depleted. This reinforces, as mentioned, the anchoring of the copper sulphide layer on the corresponding surfaces.
- the layer thickness of the copper sulfide layer present on the component is preferably less than 50 ⁇ m, in particular less than 25 ⁇ m. Particularly noteworthy are layer thicknesses of copper sulfide between 0.05 microns and 5 microns.
- the component according to the invention is a sanitary object, in particular a water-bearing sanitary object.
- sanitary fitting d. H. around a mixer or the like.
- the copper sulfide layer which is formed on at least the surfaces of the components in contact with water when used, prevents metal ions from being released from the copper sulfide layer itself and from the underlying surface areas. These metal ions are primarily the copper ions and zinc ions which are absolutely necessary in the brass and the ions of the optionally present further alloying metals, in particular lead ions. Furthermore, the copper sulfide layer prevents the release of possibly existing nickel ions which originate from coatings which are applied to the actual brass component.
- the anchoring of the copper sulfide layer on these surfaces can be further improved. Additional de-nipping of the surfaces can further minimize the release of nickel ions.
- a further advantage is that the method steps according to the invention can already be carried out on a component provided with additional coatings, in particular on an already chrome-plated component.
- the method according to the invention can be installed and integrated in a simple manner into already existing process sequences, for example a so-called electroplating.
- a surface then freed from the copper sulfide will also have a reduced release of metal ions, in the case described, of zinc and nickel. Accordingly, in special cases, the subsequent removal of the copper sulfide layer may be indicated.
- the fact that the method according to the invention has been used can then be determined, for example, by analyzing the surface of the component.
- FIG. 1 shows the GDS (glow discharge spectroscopy) spectrum of an untreated CuZn 3 7 brass surface.
- FIG. 2 shows the GDS (glow discharge spectroscopy) spectrum of a brass surface made of CuZn 37 treated according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the GDS (glow discharge spectroscopy) spectrum of a brass surface made of CuZn 37 treated according to the invention.
- the surface of the other sample was treated for 15 minutes in a 40 ° C. solution of sulfuric acid and a 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Per liter of solution while 25 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) and 40 g of 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid were included. After this treatment, a copper sulfide layer of 0.3 ⁇ m thick was formed on this surface.
- FIG. 1 untreated brass sample
- FIG. 2 treated brass sample
- Figure 2 shows in the treated sample that on the surface of a copper sulfide layer is formed. It can also be clearly seen that significant dezincification of the surface by the 3-nitrobenzenesulphonic acid is effected at least to a depth of 0.2 .mu.m, with the zinc content settling again only at a depth of 0.3 .mu.m in the direction of the actual alloying value. The copper is depleted to a depth of 0.3 microns compared to the actual alloy, but to a much lesser extent than is the case with zinc.
- the two other fittings are exposed over a period of 1 hour of a 70 0 C hot solution of sulfuric acid and 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid (immersion with movement of the valves), the composition of the solution corresponding to that of Example 1.
- these two valves are treated according to the invention, namely, a copper sulfide layer is formed by dezincing and Entnickeln on the water in contact surfaces (inner surfaces) of the fittings.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006054761A DE102006054761A1 (de) | 2006-11-14 | 2006-11-14 | Bereitstellung von wasserführenden Bauteilen aus Messinglegierungen mit verringerter Metallionenfreisetzung |
| PCT/EP2007/009796 WO2008058700A1 (de) | 2006-11-14 | 2007-11-13 | Bereitstellung von wasserführenden bauteilen aus messinglegierungen mit verringerter metallionenfreisetzung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2097557A1 true EP2097557A1 (de) | 2009-09-09 |
| EP2097557B1 EP2097557B1 (de) | 2015-10-14 |
Family
ID=38926160
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07819780.3A Not-in-force EP2097557B1 (de) | 2006-11-14 | 2007-11-13 | Bereitstellung von wasserführenden bauteilen aus messinglegierungen mit verringerter metallionenfreisetzung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2097557B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102006054761A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008058700A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120267011A1 (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2012-10-25 | Lawrence Benjamin L | Sulfur treatment for copper zinc alloys |
| US9829122B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2017-11-28 | Nibco Inc. | Leach-resistant leaded copper alloys |
| DE102012107243B3 (de) * | 2012-08-07 | 2014-04-03 | Ideal Standard International B.V.B.A. | Sanitäres Wasserventil mit einem eine antibakterielle Beschichtung aufweisenden Auslaufteil |
| WO2015198914A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-30 | 奥野製薬工業株式会社 | 多層めっき皮膜及び該多層めっき皮膜を有する物品 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT183397B (de) * | 1948-12-23 | 1955-10-10 | Fritz Dr Singer | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von mit der metallischen Unterlage fest verwachsenen, die Kaltverformung erleichternden Filmen auf Metallen, insbesondre Eisen und Stählen |
| DE802974C (de) * | 1949-09-24 | 1951-02-26 | Elektro Gas Armaturen | Verfahren zur Behandlung der aufeinander gleitenden Flaechen von aus Kupferlegierungen bestehenden Kuekenventilen (Haehnen) zur Vermeidung des Einschleifens |
| BE497687A (de) * | 1950-08-22 | |||
| US2842435A (en) * | 1955-12-01 | 1958-07-08 | Western Electric Co | Methods of stripping tin and tin alloy surface coatings from iron and iron alloy articles |
| US2937940A (en) * | 1957-07-01 | 1960-05-24 | Eltex Chemical Corp | Selective stripping of electroplated metals |
| DE1572190B1 (de) * | 1967-05-29 | 1970-10-15 | Hoschma V Hofmann & Co | Verfahren zur Herstellung von reliefartigen Reproduktionen |
| US3717520A (en) * | 1971-02-09 | 1973-02-20 | Enthone | Composition and method for selectively stripping nickel and/or copper |
| AT322318B (de) * | 1972-12-13 | 1975-05-12 | Metallwerk Moellersdorf | Verfahren zum schutz von kupferoberflaechen gegen korrosion |
| DE2933388C2 (de) * | 1979-08-17 | 1987-03-12 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verwendung schwefelhaltiger Hydroxicarbonsäuren als Korrosionsinhibitoren |
| DE4313439A1 (de) * | 1993-04-23 | 1994-10-27 | Ideal Standard | Sanitäres Wasserventil |
| DE69521064T2 (de) * | 1995-08-03 | 2002-01-03 | Europa Metalli S.P.A., Florenz/Firenze | Komponente aus bleienthaltenden kupferlegierungen mit niedriger bleiauslaugung und verfahren zur herstellung |
| EP0848084B1 (de) * | 1996-06-05 | 2002-10-09 | Sumitomo Light Metal Industries, Ltd. | Herstellungsverfahren zum zinnplattieren einer kupferröhre von innen |
| US6162547A (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 2000-12-19 | The University Of Cinncinnati | Corrosion prevention of metals using bis-functional polysulfur silanes |
| US6379750B1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2002-04-30 | Gerald Wojcik | Process for enhancing the adhesion of organic coatings to metal surfaces |
| JP2003264053A (ja) * | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 水加熱用ヒータ及びその製造方法 |
| DE102004033438A1 (de) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-02-02 | Hansgrohe Ag | Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von wasserführenden Bauteilen aus bleihaltigen Kupferlegierungen mit verringerter Bleifreisetzung |
-
2006
- 2006-11-14 DE DE102006054761A patent/DE102006054761A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-11-13 WO PCT/EP2007/009796 patent/WO2008058700A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-11-13 EP EP07819780.3A patent/EP2097557B1/de not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008058700A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102006054761A1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
| EP2097557B1 (de) | 2015-10-14 |
| WO2008058700A1 (de) | 2008-05-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE2920003C2 (de) | ||
| DE10065735A1 (de) | Verbindungsstücke aus Kupferlegierungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben | |
| EP2097557B1 (de) | Bereitstellung von wasserführenden bauteilen aus messinglegierungen mit verringerter metallionenfreisetzung | |
| DE10301552B3 (de) | Korrosionsbeständige Messinglegierung für Trinkwasserformteile | |
| DE4404194C2 (de) | Trinkwasserführende Armatur aus Metall, insbesondere aus Kupfer und dessen Legierungen mit Anteilen an Zink und Blei | |
| EP0034391B1 (de) | Verwendung einer Blei-Legierung für Anoden bei der elektrolytischen Gewinnung von Zink | |
| DE10297178T5 (de) | Korrosionsbeständige Beschichtungsfilmstruktur des nichtsechswertigen Chromtyps, die eine Kunstharzschicht und eine Metallschicht aufweis, die im Hinblick auf die Adhäsion an der Kunstharzschicht überlegen ist | |
| DE3929569C1 (de) | ||
| WO2002068728A1 (de) | Bad zur galvanischen abscheidung von gold und goldlegierungen sowie dessen verwendung | |
| EP1798298B2 (de) | Verwendung einer migrationsarmen Kupferlegierung sowie Bauteile aus dieser Legierung | |
| DE10146559A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Abscheidung einer Zink-Nickel-Legierung aus einem Elektrolyten | |
| DE202016007550U1 (de) | Galvanisch hergestellte Kupferlegierungen mit hoher Festigkeit und Leitfähigkeit | |
| DE102007053457A1 (de) | Goldhaltige Nickelschicht | |
| EP3879004A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines beschichteten bauteils für eine wasserarmatur | |
| EP2215286A1 (de) | Bereitstellung von wasserführenden bauteilen aus messinglegierungen mit verringerter metallionenfreisetzung | |
| EP3938550A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von metallischen bauteilen sowie dadurch hergestelltes metallisches bauteil | |
| EP4225960A1 (de) | Elektrisch leitendes material mit beschichtung | |
| DE2556716A1 (de) | Schichten mit den eigenschaften eines im bereich des sonnenspektrums nahezu idealen schwarzen koerpers | |
| DE102006005155B3 (de) | Magnetrührer mit Heizplatte | |
| WO2003096859A2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von galvanisierten sanitärgegenständen aus kunststoff | |
| EP1626098A2 (de) | Verfahren zur Auflösung von Zink in Laugen | |
| DE4211642C1 (de) | ||
| DE843785C (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung harter galvanischer Silberueberzuege | |
| DE102022129788A1 (de) | Sanitärgegenstand, insbesondere Sanitärarmatur oder -garnitur | |
| DE3416122A1 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen eines kontaktwerkstoffes |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20090515 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20130625 |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: HANSGROHE SE |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R079 Ref document number: 502007014321 Country of ref document: DE Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: C23C0022780000 Ipc: C25D0005480000 |
|
| RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: C25D 5/48 20060101AFI20150327BHEP Ipc: C23F 1/00 20060101ALI20150327BHEP Ipc: C25D 7/00 20060101ALI20150327BHEP Ipc: C23C 28/00 20060101ALI20150327BHEP Ipc: C23C 22/52 20060101ALI20150327BHEP |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20150508 |
|
| GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 755139 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20151015 Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 502007014321 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20151014 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160214 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160115 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160215 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 502007014321 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20151130 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20151130 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20160715 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20151113 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 755139 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20151113 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20151113 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20071113 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20151130 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20151014 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20151113 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20181126 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20181127 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20181126 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 502007014321 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20191113 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200603 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20191113 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20191130 |