EP2054732A1 - Procédé de vérification de la conduction de courant au travers des brins d'un fil torsadé, et dispositif de mise en uvre du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de vérification de la conduction de courant au travers des brins d'un fil torsadé, et dispositif de mise en uvre du procédé

Info

Publication number
EP2054732A1
EP2054732A1 EP08759306A EP08759306A EP2054732A1 EP 2054732 A1 EP2054732 A1 EP 2054732A1 EP 08759306 A EP08759306 A EP 08759306A EP 08759306 A EP08759306 A EP 08759306A EP 2054732 A1 EP2054732 A1 EP 2054732A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stranded wire
magnetic field
defect
current
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08759306A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Engbring
Matthias Ebert
Johann Hinken
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH
Original Assignee
Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH filed Critical Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH
Publication of EP2054732A1 publication Critical patent/EP2054732A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/145—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising elements for indicating or detecting the rope or cable status
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/083—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in cables, e.g. underground

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for checking the current flow through individual wires of a stranded wire, in which the individual wires are twisted together with a lay length, wherein an electric current is passed through the stranded wire and due to the current-carrying stranded wire forming magnetic field is detected and evaluated by a sensor ,
  • the invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method.
  • the method is used for non-destructive testing of a stranded wire with regard to defects, namely in particular to check broken individual wires.
  • a method for checking a stranded wire can be deduced, in which with the aid of a plurality of sensors arranged around the stranded wire a magnetic field forming around the stranded wire is detected. In this case, the intensity distribution of the magnetic field is evaluated. If an area has a striking magnetic field intensity, then a defect at this location is deduced in the form of a torn individual wire.
  • Such a method in which the magnetic field is evaluated, has an increased sensitivity compared to measurements in which the electric field (capacitive measurement) is evaluated.
  • the changes in the magnetic field caused by a wire break are small, so that a measurement and evaluation arrangement with high sensitivity is required in order to obtain the most reliable results possible.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simple and safe and reliable testing of a stranded wire to an impurity.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a method having the features of claim 1.
  • a defect in particular a torn off individual wire of the Litzendrahts
  • the measurement is carried out in particular in such a way that the stranded wire and a sensor with which the magnetic field is detected are displaced relative to one another.
  • this method has an improved evaluation accuracy in comparison to an evaluation which is directed solely to the evaluation of the amplitude of the measured field.
  • the crossing of a defined threshold value of the amplitude of the magnetic field is preferably additionally used.
  • lay length is understood to mean the length which the twisted individual wire travels in the longitudinal direction of the stranded wire during a 360 ° rotation due to its twisting.
  • electric stranded wires which are used as electrically conductive cables and, for example, have few to several ten individual wires, the lay length is a few centimeters.
  • the striking distance is usually about 15 to 40 mm, in particular about 20 mm.
  • the characteristic oscillation can be explained as follows: During the measurement, current flows through the stranded wire. The individual wires are due to their twisting substantially helical.
  • the current transport is therefore helical in the first place in the longitudinal direction of the individual wires. Since the individual wires are usually not insulated from one another, there is additionally the possibility that the fed-in current can also flow transversely to the individual wires from one individual wire into the other. However, in comparison to the longitudinal direction of the individual wire, a significantly higher contact resistance is given, so that usually no current flow in the transverse direction occurs.
  • the sum of the currents in the individual wires of a stranded wire corresponds to the total current flow in the longitudinal direction of the stranded wire, the helical power line through the individual wires is at least largely eliminated by superposition in the total current flow, so that substantially a current flow takes place in the longitudinal direction of the stranded wire. This presupposes that an equal high current is fed into all individual wires and that the current flow flows uniformly and uninterrupted in all individual wires.
  • the object is further achieved according to the invention by a method having the features of claim 2.
  • the quality of a contact connection of a contact element is checked with a stranded wire, in turn by the litz wire is passed an electric current.
  • the magnetic field forming itself is now detected and evaluated by a sensor at a distance from the contact connection. Based on the magnetic field measured away from the contact connection, it is concluded that there is a defect at the contact connection, if, for example, the magnetic field has a characteristic deviation relative to a reference or comparison signal, for example an amplitude exceeding a threshold value and / or a characteristic profile, in particular an oscillation with a Length that corresponds in particular to the lay length of the stranded wire.
  • This embodiment of the invention is based on the finding that in the case of an interruption of the current flow through a single wire, now due to a lack of contact with the contact element, or a proportion of the current in the transverse direction of a single wire to the other single wire must flow, and therefore in one certain area over the length of the Litzendrahtes away the magnetic field is disturbed and has an inhomogeneity.
  • the magnetic field has the characteristic oscillation length.
  • the characteristic oscillation with the oscillation length corresponding to the lay length shows a certain local spread due to the distance effect.
  • the characteristic oscillation therefore extends on both sides of the actual defect over a certain distance.
  • the point of the Litzendrahtes is identified as a fault, which corresponds to the local center of the characteristic Osz- tion, ie the center of the local spread.
  • that location of the stranded wire is located as the location of the defect, in which the oscillating magnetic field has the largest amplitude.
  • a gradient of the magnetic field is detected according to an expedient development.
  • a so-called gradiometer is used in particular as a sensor.
  • Such a gradiometer is a single assembly that is capable of detecting magnetic field changes in one or more spatial directions.
  • An example of this are so-called squid gradiometers, as described for example in DE 103 04 225 B4.
  • a type of bridge circuit may also be connected by a plurality of individual magnetic sensors to form a uniform structural unit.
  • the individual sensors are here, for example, Hall sensors or magnetoresistive sensors, which are each designed as semiconductor components.
  • the influences of essentially homogeneous background magnetic fields are quasi filtered out, so that only the interference signal caused by the defect is detected.
  • a current in the ampere-range for example, about 1 A, passed through the stranded wire, so that the resulting magnetic field has a strength which is only about 2 to 3 times the Earth's magnetic field, so an approximately comparable order of magnitude Earth magnetic field has.
  • the magnetic field is expediently detected with only one sensor, in particular with the aid of only one gradiometer. Due to the special evaluation technique, namely the evaluation of the oscillation length, it is not necessary for a large number of sensors to be arranged around the stranded wire.
  • a plurality of sensors are used, which are arranged offset from one another, for example, in the circumferential direction. This makes it possible to determine different magnetic field strengths or also gradients depending on location.
  • a target signal is mathematically formed from the individual signals provided via the sensors in this case, in which disturbing effects which are not attributable to the defect are already filtered out.
  • due to the twisting of the individual wires caused magnetic field fluctuations are eliminated by suitable, for example, phas sen- and amplitude-corrected summation of the individual signals.
  • suitable, for example, phas sen- and amplitude-corrected summation of the individual signals are detected in three independent spatial directions. These spatial directions are preferably the longitudinal direction of the lit wire, its circumferential direction and the radial direction.
  • the stranded wire is supplied with direct current.
  • direct current to increase and improve the sensitivity is according to a expedient provided additional training that an AC component is aufmoduliert.
  • modulating with an AC component in the manner of a lock-in technique the sensitivity and accuracy is increased.
  • the lock-in technique is a kind of phase-dependent filtering, since only those signal parts are evaluated, which have a predetermined phase offset or the same phase as the impressed alternating current to the impressed AC component.
  • the stranded wire optionally moves in addition to its Relatiwerschiebung to the sensor or alternatively or additionally a force is exerted on him.
  • the movement or the force is chosen such that the impurity and thus the magnetic field changes.
  • This embodiment is based on the consideration that under unfavorable circumstances, despite tearing off a single wire, there is good contact in the longitudinal direction of the individual wire, so that there is virtually no inhomogeneity of the measured magnetic field.
  • vibrations are continuously exerted on the stranded wire during the measurement or the stranded wire is subjected to a mechanical alternating force, which acts, for example, in the longitudinal direction or in the transverse direction of the stranded wire.
  • a mechanical alternating force which acts, for example, in the longitudinal direction or in the transverse direction of the stranded wire.
  • the method is suitably used to check an electric cable for example for a possible strand breakage.
  • the method is used to check the electrical contact connection of a cable, since it depends crucially on the lowest possible contact resistance in this case.
  • suspension cables which in their field of application themselves are no longer suitable for a power line. see are.
  • suspension cables are used for example in elevators, cranes, cable cars, bridges, where the suspension cables are generally exposed to a dynamic or static tensile load.
  • the method can either be performed at a test site or be made with the help of a mobile test arrangement on site, for example on a built-up supporting cable.
  • the stranded wires are non-magnetic, in particular non-magnetizable materials.
  • the method is suitable in principle but also in magnetic materials.
  • these are in particular copper or aluminum stranded wires.
  • the method described is used in particular for quality control in such stranded wires.
  • the method is preferably used in quality control during the assembly of cable harnesses, for example for the automotive sector.
  • the contacts with damaged and partially also overmolded contact elements are checked.
  • Contact elements of this type are, for example, plug connectors which are connected to the respective stranded wire via a soldering, welding and / or crimping contact. Also clamping or insulation displacement terminals can be provided.
  • only one or possibly only a few sensors are used, which are displaced relative to the stranded wire.
  • a static measurement is provided in which distributed over the length of the stranded wire at several points sensors are mounted.
  • the stranded wires are subjected to a high-frequency current, so that they have a special radiation characteristic in the manner of antennas.
  • a change in the emission characteristic due to a defect can be evaluated here.
  • Such a review is particularly suitable for such stranded wires, in the later field of application are provided as antenna and / or transmitter structures and are acted upon by high frequency.
  • it can be provided in addition to the magnetic field measurement that the electric field is also detected and evaluated by means of a capacitive measurement.
  • the actual lay length is deduced based on the measured signal, which is therefore measured by means of the evaluation of the magnetic field.
  • the previously described as a noise effect variation of the magnetic field due to the twist of the individual wires is evaluated.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a contact connection in the
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of a stranded wire
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of a stranded wire
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of a stranded wire.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view through a measuring arrangement.
  • an end stripped electrical cable 2 can be seen in a kind of exploded view, so that its electrical conductor end, a stranded wire 4, is exposed for a contact connection 6 with a trained as a crimp sleeve contact element 8.
  • a contact connection 6 with a trained as a crimp sleeve contact element 8.
  • the cable 2 and the contact element 8 are surrounded by a sheath 10.
  • the contact element 8 and the cable 2 are encapsulated.
  • the stranded wire 4 consists of a plurality of individual wires 12 twisted together.
  • the individual wires 12 are in particular non-insulated copper wires. fer-single wires with a single wire diameter in the range between 0.1 and 0.25 mm. In the exemplary embodiment, about seven to thirty individual wires 12 are twisted together.
  • the stranded wire 4 itself is surrounded by an insulation 14, so that the electrical cable 2 is formed.
  • a magnetic sensor 22 is further shown, which is formed in particular as a gra- diometer.
  • an evaluation unit 24 is shown, which is connected via a signal line 25 to the sensor 22.
  • a current source 26 is provided, which is connected to the feed of current I to the contact element 8 on the one hand and to the stranded wire 2 on the other hand.
  • the evaluation unit 24 is also connected to the power source 26 and controls it.
  • the current source 26 is designed, in particular, as a direct current source, with additional modulation of an alternating current component possible.
  • the twist of the individual wires 12 can be seen particularly well on the basis of the stranded wire 4 shown there.
  • the stranded wire 4 according to FIG. 2 is, for example, merely a mechanical suspension cable without further electrical functionality or else a conductor for a cable 2.
  • a single wire 12A is highlighted by a gray shade.
  • the individual wires 12 are twisted together with a so-called lay length L.
  • the lay length L is defined here as the length which the respective individual wire 12 requires for a 360 ° rotation.
  • the lay length L is usually between 15 mm and 40 mm for electrical cables 2, which are designed for currents in the range of a few amps.
  • the stranded wire 4 is checked with regard to a possible defect 28.
  • a single-wire demolition for example, in the center of the stranded wire 4 or at any other point, as indicated in FIG. 2, is understood here as the defect 28.
  • a defective contact connection between the stripped end of the stranded wire 4 and the contact element 8 is understood as a defect 28, ie if individual wires 12 do not participate in the electrical contact connection with the contact element 8. men, so that no or only a very small current flows through these individual wires 12 in the contact element 8.
  • the current flow through the individual wires 12 is checked. If no defect 28 occurs and in each case an equally strong partial current i is fed into the individual wires 12, whose current propagation direction is in the longitudinal direction of the individual wires 12 (see FIG. Due to their twisting, the respective partial flows i spread out approximately helically.
  • the superimposition of the partial flows results in a nearly ideal total current I in the longitudinal direction of the stranded wire 4 and a substantially homogeneous magnetic field corresponding to the magnetic field B of a conductor through which current flows is produced. Due to the twisting creates a certain noise or noise.
  • An example of a waveform is shown in FIG. In the illustrated diagram, the magnetic field B is plotted against the location x (longitudinal extent of the stranded wire 4).
  • the magnetic field signal is detected.
  • the sensor 22 is displaced in the direction of the arrow along the cable 2 relative to this.
  • both the sensor 22 and the stranded wire 2 can be moved.
  • the detected sensor signal is transmitted to the evaluation unit 24. In this then the sensor signal is evaluated. If a modulation of an electric alternating current component is provided on the direct current, the evaluation unit 24 compares the from the
  • Sensor 22 received measurement signal with respect to its phase with the modulated AC component in the manner of a lock-in technique.
  • region of a defect 28 results in the typical example shown in Fig. 3 for a waveform of the location-dependent measured magnetic field B.
  • the measured signal in the region of the defect 28 on a significant change compared to the other course the signal shows a significant oscillation, which has a certain oscillation length A, which corresponds to the lay length L.
  • the designated position P in the signal corresponds to the position of the defect 28 in the stranded wire 4.
  • the position P is in the local center of the characteristic oscillation.
  • Characteristic oscillation is understood as the signal region in which the signal oscillates with the characteristic oscillation length A.
  • the presence of a defect 28 is now exclusively closed when the oscillation has the oscillation length A which corresponds to the lay length L.
  • the exceeding of a certain amplitude is preferably used in order to disregard noise signals.
  • the senor 22 is preferably designed as a gradiometer, which thus detects a location-dependent magnetic field change, for example in the radial direction to the stranded wire 2.
  • the defect 28 (position P) has a clear long-range effect, ie the defect 28 has an effect on the magnetic field B over a considerable length, which corresponds to a multiple of the lay length L.
  • the characteristic signal in the region of the defect 28 has a total length of about 10 cm in the exemplary embodiment. Because of this distance effect, it is possible to carry out a check of the current flow through the respective individual wire 12 even at a distance from the actual defect 28. As a result, a reliable and reliable evaluation of the contact connection of the contact element 8 with the stranded wire 2, as shown in FIG. 1, becomes possible. On both sides of the characteristic area around the defect 28, the signal shows a noise or interference signal.
  • the interference signal is caused, at least in part, by the twisting of the individual wires 12, so that an inhomogeneous magnetic field measurable on account of the high sensitivity of the sensor 22 is detected. Since this inhomogeneity is caused by the twist, it is possible to eliminate the interference signal by calculation, by the individual signals of the offset, for example, circumferentially offset from each other sensors 22 are suitably stored one above the other and charged with each other.
  • the stranded wire 4 is here inserted into a kind of V-groove 30 of a test block 32 and pulled along the bottom of the V-groove 30 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the sensor 22 is disposed at a discrete location. At the discrete measuring point, therefore, the stranded wire 4 is pulled over the sensor 22.
  • a further offset by 90 ° sensor 22 may be provided, which is indicated by the dashed line. This sensor 22 is preferably arranged offset in the axial direction to the first sensor 22.
  • two channels 34 extend, wherein the one channel 34 for the supply of the signal line 25 to the sensor 22 is used.
  • a magnet in particular permanent magnet 38, is arranged, which serves for operating point adjustment of the sensor 22.
  • it is preferably provided in a manner not shown that the stranded wire 4 is pressed against the sensor 22.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé sûr et fiable offrant une sensibilité élevée aux sollicitations pour détecter un endroit défectueux dans un câble torsadé (4) constitué de plusieurs brins (12). À cet effet, on fait passer un courant électrique (I) dans le câble torsadé (4), et on utilise un détecteur (22) pour mesurer et analyser le champ magnétique provoqué par le passage du courant dans le câble torsadé (4). En cas de point défectueux, il y a un effet de shunt, ce qui est vérifié par le fait que le champ magnétique mesuré (B) présente une oscillation dont la longueur (A) est un multiple du pas de câblage (L) du câble torsadé (4), et plus particulièrement par le fait que cette longueur (A) correspond au pas de câblage (L). Le procédé convient en l'occurrence également pour vérifier sans perturbation la qualité de la continuité galvanique (6) entre d'un élément de contact (8) et le câble torsadé (4).
EP08759306A 2007-06-23 2008-06-20 Procédé de vérification de la conduction de courant au travers des brins d'un fil torsadé, et dispositif de mise en uvre du procédé Withdrawn EP2054732A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007028965A DE102007028965A1 (de) 2007-06-23 2007-06-23 Verfahren zur Überprüfung des Stromflusses durch Einzeldrähte eines Litzendrahtes sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
PCT/EP2008/004985 WO2009000469A1 (fr) 2007-06-23 2008-06-20 Procédé de vérification de la conduction de courant au travers des brins d'un fil torsadé, et dispositif de mise en œuvre du procédé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2054732A1 true EP2054732A1 (fr) 2009-05-06

Family

ID=39855161

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08759306A Withdrawn EP2054732A1 (fr) 2007-06-23 2008-06-20 Procédé de vérification de la conduction de courant au travers des brins d'un fil torsadé, et dispositif de mise en uvre du procédé

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8058881B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2054732A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5285068B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101542301B (fr)
DE (1) DE102007028965A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009000469A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101542301B (zh) 2011-08-31
WO2009000469A1 (fr) 2008-12-31
CN101542301A (zh) 2009-09-23
US20090219031A1 (en) 2009-09-03
JP5285068B2 (ja) 2013-09-11
US8058881B2 (en) 2011-11-15
DE102007028965A1 (de) 2008-12-24
JP2010532651A (ja) 2010-10-07

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