EP2043068B1 - Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie - Google Patents

Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2043068B1
EP2043068B1 EP07117565A EP07117565A EP2043068B1 EP 2043068 B1 EP2043068 B1 EP 2043068B1 EP 07117565 A EP07117565 A EP 07117565A EP 07117565 A EP07117565 A EP 07117565A EP 2043068 B1 EP2043068 B1 EP 2043068B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire alarm
fire
detector
objects
fire detector
Prior art date
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Application number
EP07117565A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2043068A1 (fr
Inventor
Karlheinz Schreyer
Michael Tomaschek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Building Technologies HVAC Products GmbH
Siemens Building Technology Fire and Security Products GmbH and Co OHG
Original Assignee
Siemens Building Technologies HVAC Products GmbH
Siemens Building Technology Fire and Security Products GmbH and Co OHG
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Priority to EP08103731A priority Critical patent/EP2043069B1/fr
Priority to DE502007002823T priority patent/DE502007002823D1/de
Priority to EP07117565A priority patent/EP2043068B1/fr
Priority to DE502007003029T priority patent/DE502007003029D1/de
Priority to AT08103731T priority patent/ATE459949T1/de
Application filed by Siemens Building Technologies HVAC Products GmbH, Siemens Building Technology Fire and Security Products GmbH and Co OHG filed Critical Siemens Building Technologies HVAC Products GmbH
Priority to AT07117565T priority patent/ATE457507T1/de
Publication of EP2043068A1 publication Critical patent/EP2043068A1/fr
Publication of EP2043068B1 publication Critical patent/EP2043068B1/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/183—Single detectors using dual technologies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a responsive to smoke, a fire gas or air heating fire detector with a sensitive for objects in the vicinity of the fire detector sensor.
  • Such fire detectors usually have a measuring chamber for smoke or combustion gases.
  • a sensor measures the absorption or scattering of smoke particles from light from a light source emitting light.
  • optoacoustic methods are known in which the change in sound is measured by fire gases heated by a laser.
  • Fire detectors often measure the air heating caused by a fire as an alternative or in addition to a temperature sensor.
  • combustion gases can be determined by means of a sensitive semiconductor structure.
  • the fire detector In the fire detector, a safe and precise detection of a fire is possible. In the case of a scattered light detector, interference from ambient light is minimized by a darkened measuring chamber. This allows a cost-effective design and provides great reliability. On the other hand, such a measuring chamber inevitably has the disadvantage that the smoke or the combustion gas can penetrate only delayed and the density in the interior of the measuring chamber at best asymptotically reaches the value of the external concentration. As a result, the detection of a fire is more or less delayed. In addition, ambient dust can quickly contaminate the measuring chamber. The fire detector must then be cleaned or replaced frequently. A solution for this can be suitable filters. at so-called forced-ventilated fire alarms, the fire detector is supplied via pipelines coming from a monitoring room air.
  • Fire detectors or the pipes of a forced-ventilation fire detector, must be placed expertly in the room so that the fire can be detected safely and in good time.
  • Fire detectors are typically attached to a pedestal that is high in the room, often on the ceiling.
  • changes in space can affect fire detection. Examples of such changes are the division of space through a partition and moving a tall cabinet.
  • such changes can not be detected by the fire detector, not even by those fire detectors that detect smoke outside of their housing and perceive objects, as the relevant objects are not necessarily placed in the measuring range of their sensor. This requires regular and costly maintenance.
  • An object of the invention is to reliably, selectively and simply evaluate the influence of changes in space on such a fire detector.
  • a core of the invention is that in a properly oriented fire detector, the sensor for objects laterally the fire detector is sensitive to the vertical within any circular section of 150 °, preferably within any sector of 110 °. These circular sections of the horizontal plane extend in every direction from the fire detector. The sensor should thus detect objects in or near the horizontal plane around the fire detector. It is also conceivable that the fire detector does not monitor the entire horizon, but omits gaps in which small and distant objects disappear. In this case, no monitoring gap may be greater than such a circular section. It has been shown according to the invention that monitoring by detection of objects that are located laterally of the fire detector and, depending on the type of fire detector and application, size and proximity, is reliable, selective and easy. Only such items can place the fire detector in the shadow of the airflow from the fire, and the fire alarm can easily distinguish it from harmless objects. False alarms are largely avoided.
  • a suitable sensor for a fire characteristic at the same time also forms the sensor for objects.
  • a special sensor for example an ultrasonic sensor, is required.
  • this sensor for objects on the side of the fire detector on at least one level is more sensitive than below at even distance to the fire alarm. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the sensor above the depth angle of 20 °, measured from the horizontal plane, is sensitive, advantageously even at the height of the fire detector. If the sensitivity of the sensor near the ground and outside of the measuring area of the fire detector is low, filtering out local, irrelevant objects requires less computing power.
  • the fire detector comprises at least one transmitter for emitting electromagnetic, acoustic or other radiation in the sensitivity range of the sensor. This allows a more accurate and less environmentally dependent measurement.
  • the fire detector comprises a deflection means for radiation in the sensitivity range of the sensor.
  • the deflection means is designed to deflect such radiation from a location in the fire detector to objects laterally of the fire detector, or vice versa, in a fire detector which is oriented as intended.
  • the fire detector has at this location one or more transmitters, one or more sensors, or a combination of both.
  • the deflection means may be, for example, an optical unit such as a lens or a mirror.
  • the invention also relates to a device for monitoring a fire detector, which has at least one responsive to smoke, a fire gas or air heating fire detector with a sensitive for objects laterally of the intended fire detector sensor, and is equipped with a data memory and with an evaluation unit for the sensor signal ,
  • the data memory and the evaluation unit are integrated, for example, in a freestanding fire detector or partially or entirely in other units of a fire detection system, such as in a fire alarm system, added.
  • the inventive device is based on the recognition that a reliable, selective and easy monitoring of a fire detector based on position, size and proximity of the objects in its environment is possible.
  • the evaluation unit is designed to determine from the sensor signal a value for the flow shield of the fire detector by objects and to trigger a warning message if the determined value approaches a stored expected value for a flow shield.
  • This value is advantageously determined as a function of the horizontal angle over which the sensor senses the objects, and preferably the stored expected value corresponds to an angle of at least 20 °.
  • the flow shield is evaluated separately by the size and solid angle of the objects laterally of the fire detector. The evaluation unit triggers a warning message if these values exceed the empirical values stored at the same time.
  • the evaluation unit is designed to determine from the sensor signal a value for the surface of objects facing the fire detector and to trigger a warning message if the determined value approaches a stored expected value for the surface of a partition wall.
  • the value is determined from the size of the sensor signal.
  • the fire detector is then equipped with a corresponding radiation source, the intensity of the reflections, for example, is decisive, since this one Conclusion on the solid angle of the object allows, and thus on its ability to shield the fire detector of air currents from a fire.
  • the passive ambient light detection which can only take place reliably with good information about the room lighting at any time or in certain time frames.
  • a transmitter of the fire detector emits radiation pulses in the horizontal plane.
  • the evaluation unit then integrates a function of the received sensor signal over time. In this case, preferably within a received reflection pulse later arriving radiation, as well as radiation from a weak transmission or unsensible reception angle, heavier weighted.
  • the value is determined by checking whether it is consistent with permanently present objects. For example, it must remain reasonably stable over a period of time, possibly within a stored inaccuracy of measurement. For example, where it is to be expected that, for example, craftsmen often hang large bundles of cables from the ceiling, a series of measurements can even be carried out over several hours or, depending on local regulations and standards, up to several weeks.
  • the value is determined on the basis of a determination of the value for the distance of the fire detector to objects.
  • the distance results, for example, by a radiation transit time measurement.
  • infrared radiation or other light this requires a special photodiode and complex electronics for the detection of relative distances of one tenth of a centimeter.
  • the photodiode must have a time resolution well below a nanosecond.
  • Another possibility is the distance measurement by means of the Phase shift of the reflection of an amplitude-modulated light.
  • the fire detector comprises a plurality of sensors sensitive to objects in complementary directions, or multiple transmitters of electromagnetic, acoustic or other radiation in the sensitivity range of the sensor which irradiate objects in complementary directions. From the number and type of sensors that receive a signal, conclusions about the flow shield of the fire detector can be closed by objects. Namely, a direct, albeit inaccurate value for the viewing angle of the object is determined from the perspective of the fire detector. It is conceivable according to the invention that several transmitters are also actuated one after the other in order to determine the direction and distance of the objects by comparison.
  • the warning message is different from a fire alarm, so that measures to compensate for the changes in the room are taken without unnecessary excitement.
  • the invention also relates to a configuration method in which at least one fire detector responding to smoke, a fire gas or air heating is expertly placed with a sensor sensitive to objects on the side of the fire detector, and in which a data memory and an evaluation unit for the sensor signal are operated.
  • a smoke, combustion gas or hot air oven is operated and the response time of the fire detector is determined and evaluated. Due to the determined and rated response times, an expected value for a flow shield of the fire detector is determined by objects. This expectation becomes finally stored in a data storage to an evaluation of such to be configured fire detectors.
  • FIG. 1 To the fire gas detector housing around ten horizontally aligned sensor diodes 2 are arranged, each with adjacent LEDs 3. It was subsequently installed a 190 centimeters wide and 45 centimeters high billboard 4 to 15 centimeters from the fire gas detector.
  • the arrows indicate how the fire gases originating from a fire 5 ascend, at the same time cooling down, and then flow away laterally under the fire gas detector 1 because of the billboard 4. Only after a long diffusion process can the fire gas detector 1 detect it.
  • FIG. 2 shows a smoke detector 11 according to the invention in cross section.
  • Its housing consists of a base plate 112, equipped with fastening means, not shown, for mounting on a pedestal, and from a transparent to infrared radiation cover 113.
  • a circuit board 114 with including a photodiode with integrated lens 16 and a LED 13A mounted.
  • the smoke detector 11 can perceive smoke particles near its housing by means of infrared radiation.
  • a second LED 13B and a second photodiode 12 are located on the circuit board 114.
  • the fire detector 1 regularly evaluates any objects in its vicinity.
  • both LEDs 13A and 13B are briefly actuated, that is, pulsed, for example.
  • a guard ring 17 mounted around the second photodiode 12 prevents its infrared radiation from being directly received therethrough. Instead, a portion of this radiation is deflected by a reflective coating for them 18 on a cone-like thickening of the lid 113 to the side of the fire detector 1, there possibly reflected by objects and received via the coating 18 in the second photodiode 12.
  • On the circuit board and a microprocessor and a data memory are applied, which are not shown.
  • a running on the microprocessor program forms an evaluation unit for the sensor signal.
  • the FIG. 3 shows an actuation pulse 131 to the transmitter of a fire detector according to the invention and the resulting sensor signal 121 over time.
  • the actuation voltage is several orders of magnitude higher than the resulting sensor signal voltage.
  • the structure of the fire detector corresponds to that of the fire detector 11 in FIG. 2 , Its photodiode 12 and electronics have a very high capacity for time resolution. Its LEDs 13A and 13B simultaneously transmit a pulse of infrared radiation for the purpose of distance measurement, the reflections of which are received by the photodiode 12. From the unitary shape of the sensor signal 121 can be concluded on a single object within the monitored area.
  • the Evaluation unit determines the time delay 141 of the received reflections and calculates therefrom the shortest distance to the object.
  • the LEDs 13A and 13B each send one pulse of infrared radiation behind each other. Since in each case the emission intensity of the coating 18 is different direction-dependent, and the deflection factor of reflections through the coating 18 to the photodiode 12 as well, the evaluation unit can calculate from a comparison of the resulting, not shown sensor signals of the photodiode 12, in which angles to the plane of symmetry of Fire detector the reflections from the object at any time at the photodiode 12 arrive. Thus, rudimentary information about the direction and solid angle of the article is obtained, which later enables compensating the directional emission intensity of the LEDs 13A and 13B from the coating 18.
  • the polynomial winding is preferably predominantly second order (c> a, b, d, ...) in order to account for the intensity loss due to the different signal path length.
  • the polynomial winding also contains additional knowledge based components based on experience (b, d,...
  • the evaluation unit compensates for the direction-dependent influence of the coating 18 at which angles the reflections arrive at the different surface parts of the object at all times.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further smoke detector 21 according to the invention, which alternately aligned in each case in different directions transmitter 23A, 23B, 23C and sensor 22A, 22B, 22C.
  • transmitter 23A, 23B, 23C and sensor 22A, 22B, 22C There is ever such a transmitter or sensor recorded in all wall sections shown, although not all are shown.
  • Each probe 22A, 22B, 22C is aligned approximately horizontally with three differently spaced regions 24CA, 24CB, 24CC of overlap each with a narrow emitter 23A, 23B, 23C.
  • Each sensor can receive light from three transmitters. They are close to smoke and are sensitive to objects up to several meters away. Thanks to these alignments, a rough detection of the distance from objects to the fire detector without transit time measurement of the radiation is possible.
  • the transmitters 23A, 23B, 23C are operated alternately, and the combination of the actuated transmitter 23A, 23B, 23C and the signal-loaded probe 22A, 22B, 22C reveals the overlapping region of their orientations originating from the reflections.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21) réagissant à la fumée, aux gaz d'incendie ou à l'échauffement de l'air, avec un capteur (2, 12, 22A, 22B, 22C) sensible aux objets situés dans l'environnement du détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21),
    caractérisé en ce que dans le détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21) orienté conformément à l'utilisation envisagée, le capteur (2, 12, 22A, 22B, 22C) est sensible aux objets situés sur le côté du détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21) à l'intérieur de n'importe quel secteur circulaire de 150° autour de la verticale.
  2. Détecteur d'incendie selon la revendication 1,
    le capteur (2, 12, 22A, 22B, 22C) étant davantage sensible aux objets situés sur le côté du détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21) à au moins une hauteur qu'en dessous à la même distance par rapport au détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21).
  3. Détecteur d'incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    le capteur (2, 12, 22A, 22B, 22C) étant sensible aux objets situés au-dessus de l'angle de dépression de 20°, mesuré à partir du plan horizontal.
  4. Détecteur d'incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    le capteur (2, 12, 22A, 22B, 22C) étant sensible aux objets situés à hauteur du détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21).
  5. Détecteur d'incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    le détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21) comprenant un émetteur (3, 13A, 13B, 23A, 23B, 23C) destiné à émettre un rayonnement électromagnétique, acoustique ou autre dans la zone de sensibilité du capteur (2, 12, 22A, 22B, 22C).
  6. Détecteur d'incendie selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    le détecteur d'incendie (11) comprenant un moyen de déviation (18) de rayonnement dans la zone de sensibilité du capteur (12),
    et ledit moyen de déviation (18) étant conçu pour dévier dans un détecteur d'incendie (11) orienté conformément à l'utilisation envisagée, un tel rayonnement d'un lieu situé dans le détecteur d'incendie (11) vers des objets situés sur le côté du détecteur d'incendie (11), ou inversement.
  7. Procédé avec un détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21) réagissant à la fumée, aux gaz d'incendie ou à l'échauffement de l'air, dans lequel on utilise un capteur (2, 12, 22A, 22B, 22C) sensible aux objets situés dans l'environnement du détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21),
    caractérisé en ce que dans le détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21) orienté conformément à l'utilisation envisagée, un capteur (2, 12, 22A, 22B, 22C) surveille des objets situés sur le côté du détecteur d'incendie (1, 11, 21) à l'intérieur de n'importe quel secteur circulaire de 150° autour de la verticale.
EP07117565A 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie Active EP2043068B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE502007002823T DE502007002823D1 (de) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Brandmelders und Konfigurierungsverfahren und Brandmelder
EP07117565A EP2043068B1 (fr) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie
DE502007003029T DE502007003029D1 (de) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Brandmelders und Konfigurierungsverfahren und Brandmelder
AT08103731T ATE459949T1 (de) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Vorrichtung zur überwachung eines brandmelders und konfigurierungsverfahren und brandmelder
EP08103731A EP2043069B1 (fr) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie
AT07117565T ATE457507T1 (de) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Vorrichtung zur überwachung eines brandmelders und konfigurierungsverfahren und brandmelder

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07117565A EP2043068B1 (fr) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08103731A Division EP2043069B1 (fr) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie
EP08103731A Division-Into EP2043069B1 (fr) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2043068A1 EP2043068A1 (fr) 2009-04-01
EP2043068B1 true EP2043068B1 (fr) 2010-02-10

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Family Applications (2)

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EP08103731A Revoked EP2043069B1 (fr) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie
EP07117565A Active EP2043068B1 (fr) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie

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EP08103731A Revoked EP2043069B1 (fr) 2007-09-28 2007-09-28 Dispositif destiné à la surveillance d'une alerte d'incendie et procédé de configuration et alerte d'incendie

Country Status (3)

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EP (2) EP2043069B1 (fr)
AT (2) ATE459949T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE502007002823D1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202014002931U1 (de) 2014-04-04 2014-05-06 Siemens Schweiz Ag Gefahrenmelder mit einer auf einem lichtemittierenden Halbleiter basierenden Projektionseinheit zur Projektion einer benutzerseitigen Information weg vom Gefahrenmelder
WO2018050461A1 (fr) 2016-09-15 2018-03-22 Siemens Schweiz Ag Détecteur de fumée, système à détecteur de fumée et procédé de surveillance d'un détecteur de fumée

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DE202009015335U1 (de) * 2009-11-09 2010-03-25 Job Lizenz Gmbh & Co. Kg Gefahrenmelder
CN103366485B (zh) * 2012-04-01 2016-05-18 西门子瑞士有限公司 具有障碍检测器的火情探测器以及障碍检测方法
EP2765566A3 (fr) * 2013-02-08 2014-11-05 SCHAKO Klima Luft Ferdinand Schad KG Détecteur de fumée
EP2879104B2 (fr) 2013-11-27 2022-05-11 Siemens Schweiz AG Dispositif auxiliaire pour un détecteur de danger configuré sous forme de détecteur ponctuel pour la surveillance du fonctionnement du détecteur de danger, agencement et utilisation d'un tel dispositif
DE102020206577A1 (de) 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Siemens Schweiz Ag Überwachungseinrichtung, insbesondere Umfeldüberwachung, für einen Brandmelder sowie Brandmelder und Zusatzeinrichtung jeweils mit einer derartigen Überwachungseinrichtung
CN112614224B (zh) * 2020-12-24 2022-12-20 万翼科技有限公司 基于bim模型的在线消防监控方法及其相关产品
CN113299032B (zh) * 2021-05-14 2022-04-22 浙江佑安高科消防系统有限公司 一种能实景模拟检测的线型光束感烟探测器

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US4319229A (en) * 1980-06-09 1982-03-09 Firecom, Inc. Alarm system having plural diverse detection means
US7891435B2 (en) * 1996-01-23 2011-02-22 En-Gauge, Inc. Remote inspection of emergency equipment stations
DE10046992C1 (de) * 2000-09-22 2002-06-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Streulichtrauchmelder
EP1391860A1 (fr) 2002-08-19 2004-02-25 Siemens Building Technologies AG Détecteur linéaire d'incendie
DE10319688B4 (de) * 2003-05-02 2007-01-11 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Vorrichtung zur permanenten Überwachung eines in einem Flugzeug angeordneten Rauchdetektors
ES2306025T3 (es) 2005-11-04 2008-11-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Avisador de incendios combinados de luz dispersa y de extincion.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202014002931U1 (de) 2014-04-04 2014-05-06 Siemens Schweiz Ag Gefahrenmelder mit einer auf einem lichtemittierenden Halbleiter basierenden Projektionseinheit zur Projektion einer benutzerseitigen Information weg vom Gefahrenmelder
DE102014223111A1 (de) 2014-04-04 2015-10-08 Siemens Schweiz Ag Gefahrenmelder mit einer auf einem lichtemittierenden Halbleiter basierenden Projektionseinheit zur Projektion einer benutzerseitigen Information weg vom Gefahrenmelder
WO2018050461A1 (fr) 2016-09-15 2018-03-22 Siemens Schweiz Ag Détecteur de fumée, système à détecteur de fumée et procédé de surveillance d'un détecteur de fumée

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Publication number Publication date
EP2043069B1 (fr) 2010-03-03
EP2043068A1 (fr) 2009-04-01
EP2043069A1 (fr) 2009-04-01
ATE457507T1 (de) 2010-02-15
DE502007002823D1 (de) 2010-03-25
DE502007003029D1 (de) 2010-04-15
ATE459949T1 (de) 2010-03-15

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