EP1783712B1 - Détecteur de feu optique fonctionnant par principe d'absorbance et diffusion combinée - Google Patents

Détecteur de feu optique fonctionnant par principe d'absorbance et diffusion combinée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1783712B1
EP1783712B1 EP05110341A EP05110341A EP1783712B1 EP 1783712 B1 EP1783712 B1 EP 1783712B1 EP 05110341 A EP05110341 A EP 05110341A EP 05110341 A EP05110341 A EP 05110341A EP 1783712 B1 EP1783712 B1 EP 1783712B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
light beams
sensor unit
fire detector
ceiling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05110341A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1783712A1 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Müller
Peter Steiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE502005004043T priority Critical patent/DE502005004043D1/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP05110341A priority patent/EP1783712B1/fr
Priority to ES05110341T priority patent/ES2306025T3/es
Priority to AT05110341T priority patent/ATE394764T1/de
Priority to CN2006800411178A priority patent/CN101300611B/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2006/068036 priority patent/WO2007051820A1/fr
Priority to US12/089,789 priority patent/US7817049B2/en
Publication of EP1783712A1 publication Critical patent/EP1783712A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1783712B1 publication Critical patent/EP1783712B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting a fire with a comprehensive at least two sensor units a structurally limited space monitoring fire alarm, in which a first fire detection unit of the fire alarm a first fire characteristic is monitored by the scattered light method.
  • the US 2003/020617 A1 discloses a sensor for externally incident photons is combined in a detector with one or more other sensors for detecting gas, moisture, temperature, etc. The signals of the individual sensors are evaluated and it is concluded that there is a dangerous situation, no danger situation or a false alarm.
  • the US 2002/0153499 A1 discloses a scattered light smoke detector with a defined measurement volume outside of the scattered light smoke detector, wherein the defined measurement volume is a few centimeters below the scattered light smoke detector, wherein the scattered light smoke detector for setting the defined measurement volume two light receiver or imaging optics for a light receiver, and with a processor, wherein the processor for Evaluation of contours of the measurement object serves to distinguish between smoke and another object.
  • the US 2002/0080040 A1 proposes a scattered light smoke detector having means to distinguish between smoke and other debris in the scattering point. This distinction is made, for example, by the analysis of the passage of time the received signals performed. By means of an optical system, scattered signals can be determined from different scattering ranges, so as to achieve greater safety by means of location information in order to distinguish between smoke and object. By a photoreceiver array as a light receiver is a precise spatial resolution and differentiation possible. Another alternative is a tunable light source.
  • the scattered light smoke detector may also be combined with an ultrasonic sensor to detect an object.
  • the scattered light method can also be used outside a darkened measuring chamber in the room to be monitored.
  • insects that enter the measurement area or accidental masking, for example, must be safely removed from one Covering, for example, during cleaning can be reliably distinguished from a fire or smoke.
  • Most such disadvantages are trying to solve that the measurement or monitoring is limited to the immediate vicinity of the fire alarm.
  • a distance of 4 to 10 cm from the surface of the fire detector is generally considered typical.
  • the disadvantages can only be reduced to a limited extent.
  • Linear smoke detectors send a beam of light across the room to be monitored and trigger an alarm when the beam is attenuated by smoke (extinction). It is irrelevant whether transmitter and receiver are arranged in separate devices on opposite walls of the room or if they are combined in one unit. In one unit then a reflector on the opposite wall is necessary. Since the measuring distance is usually several meters, the sensitivity of linear detectors is generally greater than that of scattered light detectors. In addition, they can be positioned in high rooms at a height where smoke is expected. Of course, the influence or even a total interruption of the light beam in such arrangements is much more likely than is the case when the beam is effective only in the detector environment.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a simple and efficient way to suggest the earliest possible detection of a fire.
  • a core of the invention is to be seen in that for the earliest possible detection of a fire, a fire detector with a first sensor unit for monitoring a first fire characteristic according to the scattered light method and a second sensor unit for monitoring a second fire characteristic according to the extinction method is used.
  • the first sensor unit consists of at least one light emitting transmitter unit and at least one receiving unit receiving the transmitted light.
  • the second sensor unit consists of at least two strongly bundled light emitting transmitting units and at least one receiving unit receiving the emitted light.
  • the signals of the two sensor units of the fire detector can be evaluated individually or in combination by a suitable evaluation unit such as a fuzzy processor.
  • the fire detector is generally mounted on the ceiling of the structurally limited space. The two sensor units can partially use the same components.
  • the at least two transmitting units emitting the highly concentrated light beams can be used jointly by both sensor units.
  • an IR laser diode, an IR diode, etc. can be used.
  • the receiving units can then forward the received signals to a dedicated evaluation unit of the fire alarm.
  • the highly collimated light beams emitted by the at least two transmitting units are directed from the ceiling towards the ground and may be inclined either parallel or slightly (outwardly). The angle of inclination is generally less than 10 degrees.
  • Smoke in the immediate vicinity of the fire detector is detected by the scattered light method and by the Extintechnischshabilit, further away from the ceiling smoke only by the Extintechnischshabilit because the scattered light is too weak.
  • the transmitting units are controlled shifted in time and therefore the light beams are transmitted temporally shifted.
  • a distance measurement provides information on whether a level change involves a partially reflecting object extending in the direction of the room height. It can then be assumed that between "normal" reflection location, location in the room where the monitoring of the second fire characteristic takes place according to the invention, and the fire detector in the room is an object interfering with the measurement. If this is the case, it can usually be concluded that it is impaired by living beings (persons, animals, etc.) or moving objects.
  • the distance measurement can, for example, with the help of in the EP 1391860 A1 revealed principle.
  • a major advantage of the method according to the invention is that a fire can be detected or detected much earlier. In this way, a fire alarm can be triggered earlier and thus risks for property damage and personal injury can be reduced to a minimum.
  • Another great advantage of this inventive fire alarm is that it can be integrated into the ceiling panel of a room and thus is flush with the ceiling.
  • Figure 1 shows a fire detector with two inventive sensor units 1, 2 and a cover plate AP.
  • cover plate AP which may consist of plastic, metal, wood, glass, etc.
  • windows or openings for the receiving units SLE and EE, as well as for the transmitting units SE are indicated.
  • This fire detector can be integrated into the ceiling of a room.
  • the cover AP of the fire detector can then be flush with the ceiling or slightly protruding.
  • the thick black lines indicate the respective measuring range.
  • the two sensor units 1, 2 are shown separated from each other, but according to the invention both sensor units 1, 2 should be integrated in a fire detector and at least the transmission units SE shared by the two sensor units 1, 2.
  • the first sensor unit 1 consists of two transmitting light emitting units SE and a scattered light receiving unit SLE.
  • the scattered light receiving unit SLE is aligned by means of two optics so that it detects only a near-detail cutout or measuring range of the beams.
  • the second sensor unit 2 consists of the same two transmission units SE and an extinction reception unit EE.
  • the extinction receiving unit EE detects smoke by the extinction method.
  • the extinction receiver EE with its optics forms an area at a greater distance from the ceiling, which covers all emitted light beams and lies outside the area monitored by the scattered light method.
  • the impact points of the transmission units SE on the floor or objects that are about 2 to 5 meters from the ceiling are depicted.
  • the reflection of the emitted light rays on the ground or at most on pieces of furniture such as tables, shelves, etc. is detected up to a ceiling height of for example 5 meters.
  • the reflected light is measured.
  • the emitted light rays penetrate each smoke layer at any height.
  • the received signals according to the scattered light method and the received signals according to the extinction method are combined (Neuro Fuzzy processor) that a very safe statement regarding the presence of a fire the one in connection with a rather uncertain statement of the other sensor system is enough to trigger a fire alarm.
  • a triggering of a fire alarm will generally occur much earlier than with point detectors that only operate according to the scattered light method.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Procédé pour la détection d'un incendie, comprenant au moins un détecteur d'incendie fixé au plafond, lequel comporte au moins deux unités de capteur (1, 2) et lequel surveille une pièce constructivement limitée,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une première grandeur caractéristique d'incendie est surveillée selon la méthode à lumière diffusée avec une première unité de capteur (1) à proximité du plafond ; et
    une seconde grandeur caractéristique d'incendie est surveillée conformément à la méthode basée sur l'extinction avec au moins une seconde unité de capteur (2) du détecteur d'incendie, laquelle émet au moins deux rayons lumineux fortement concentrés en direction du sol de la pièce constructivement limitée ; et
    les au moins deux rayons lumineux émis sont soit parallèles, soit inclinés sous un angle inférieur à 10 degrés.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la surveillance de la seconde grandeur caractéristique d'incendie conformément à la méthode basée sur l'extinction par la seconde unité de capteur (2) est réalisée en dehors de la zone qui est surveillée au moyen de la première unité de capteur (1) conformément à la méthode à lumière diffusée.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    au moins deux unités d'émission (SE) qui émettent respectivement un rayon lumineux fortement concentré, et respectivement au moins une unité de réception (SLE, EE) qui reçoit les rayons lumineux fortement concentrés émis, sont utilisées en commun pour la première (1) et pour la seconde (2) unité de capteur.
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la surveillance de la seconde grandeur caractéristique d'incendie a lieu dans l'espace libre entre le plafond et le sol de la pièce constructivement limitée.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les au moins deux rayons lumineux émis par les au moins deux unités d'émission (SE) de la seconde unité de capteur (2) sont décalés temporellement.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour la surveillance de la seconde grandeur caractéristique d'incendie, la distance est mesurée entre la seconde unité de capteur (2) qui émet les au moins deux rayons lumineux et un objet qui réfléchit au moins en partie les rayons lumineux émis.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'objet est soit un être vivant, soit un objet qui se déplace.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    conformément à la méthode basée sur l'extinction, la lumière réfléchie des rayons lumineux émis est évaluée par le détecteur d'incendie.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour la vérification de la seconde grandeur caractéristique d'incendie, les rayons lumineux reçus et réfléchis par la seconde unité de capteur (2) sont attribués avec les au moins deux rayons lumineux émis et sont évalués quant à leur évolution temporelle et/ou leur niveau.
  10. Procédé selon les revendications 8 et 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'attribution des rayons lumineux reçus et réfléchis a lieu en tenant compte du décalage temporel des rayons lumineux émis.
  11. Procédé selon les revendications 8 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une alarme d'incendie est déclenchée par le détecteur d'incendie seulement en cas de concordance de l'évolution temporelle et/ou du niveau.
  12. Procédé selon les revendications 8 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une alarme d'incendie est déclenchée seulement si la distance vers un objet qui réfléchit au moins deux rayons lumineux émis, reste constante.
  13. Procédé selon les revendications 8 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une alarme d'incendie est déclenchée seulement si la première unité de capteur (1) qui surveille une première grandeur caractéristique d'incendie détecte un incendie.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    de la lumière laser est utilisée pour les rayons lumineux fortement concentrés.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les au moins deux rayons lumineux émis sont inclinés vers l'extérieur.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 15,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'angle d'inclinaison se monte à moins de 10 degrés.
  17. Détecteur d'incendie pour le montage au plafond, pour la surveillance d'une pièce constructivement limitée et pour la détection d'un incendie,
    - comprenant une plaque de recouvrement (AP) pour recouvrir le détecteur d'incendie intégré dans le plafond de la pièce constructivement limitée,
    - comprenant une première unité de capteur (1) du détecteur d'incendie pour la surveillance d'une première grandeur caractéristique d'incendie selon la méthode à lumière diffusée,
    comprenant au moins une seconde unité de capteur (2) qui émet au moins deux rayons lumineux fortement concentrés en direction du sol de la pièce constructivement limitée pour la surveillance d'une seconde grandeur caractéristique d'incendie conformément à la méthode basée sur l'extinction, dans lequel les au moins deux rayons lumineux émis sont soit parallèles, soit inclinés sous un angle inférieur à 10 degrés.
  18. Détecteur d'incendie selon la revendication 17,
    caractérisé en ce que
    au moins deux unités d'émission (SE) sont prévues en commun pour la première (1) et pour la seconde (2) unité de capteur afin d'émettre au moins deux rayons lumineux fortement concentrés.
  19. Détecteur d'incendie selon la revendication 18,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une diode laser IR et/ou une diode IR sont prévues comme unité d'émission (SE).
  20. Détecteur d'incendie selon les revendications 17 à 19,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une unité de réception (SLE, EE) est prévue à chaque fois pour la première (1) et pour la seconde (2) unité de capteur afin de recevoir les rayons lumineux fortement concentrés, émis par les au moins deux unités d'émission (SE).
  21. Détecteur d'incendie selon les revendications 17 à 20,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une unité d'évaluation est prévue pour évaluer les rayons lumineux reçus par la au moins une unité de réception (SLE, EE) et pour déclencher une alarme.
  22. Détecteur d'incendie selon la revendication 21,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un processeur Fuzzy est prévu comme unité d'évaluation.
EP05110341A 2005-11-04 2005-11-04 Détecteur de feu optique fonctionnant par principe d'absorbance et diffusion combinée Not-in-force EP1783712B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05110341A EP1783712B1 (fr) 2005-11-04 2005-11-04 Détecteur de feu optique fonctionnant par principe d'absorbance et diffusion combinée
ES05110341T ES2306025T3 (es) 2005-11-04 2005-11-04 Avisador de incendios combinados de luz dispersa y de extincion.
AT05110341T ATE394764T1 (de) 2005-11-04 2005-11-04 Kombinierter streulicht- und extinktionsbrandmelder
DE502005004043T DE502005004043D1 (de) 2005-11-04 2005-11-04 Kombinierter Streulicht- und Extinktionsbrandmelder
CN2006800411178A CN101300611B (zh) 2005-11-04 2006-11-02 组合的散射光和消光火警探测器
PCT/EP2006/068036 WO2007051820A1 (fr) 2005-11-04 2006-11-02 Detecteur d'incendie combine de detection optique par diffusion et d'extinction
US12/089,789 US7817049B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2006-11-02 Combined scattered-light and extinction-based fire detector

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05110341A EP1783712B1 (fr) 2005-11-04 2005-11-04 Détecteur de feu optique fonctionnant par principe d'absorbance et diffusion combinée

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1783712A1 EP1783712A1 (fr) 2007-05-09
EP1783712B1 true EP1783712B1 (fr) 2008-05-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05110341A Not-in-force EP1783712B1 (fr) 2005-11-04 2005-11-04 Détecteur de feu optique fonctionnant par principe d'absorbance et diffusion combinée

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7817049B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1783712B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101300611B (fr)
AT (1) ATE394764T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502005004043D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2306025T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007051820A1 (fr)

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DE102014019172B4 (de) 2014-12-17 2023-12-07 Elmos Semiconductor Se Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mit einem kompensierenden optischen Messsystem
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7817049B2 (en) 2010-10-19
US20080211681A1 (en) 2008-09-04
CN101300611A (zh) 2008-11-05
WO2007051820A1 (fr) 2007-05-10
CN101300611B (zh) 2012-07-04
EP1783712A1 (fr) 2007-05-09
DE502005004043D1 (de) 2008-06-19
ATE394764T1 (de) 2008-05-15
ES2306025T3 (es) 2008-11-01

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