EP2041401B1 - Entraînement à cames - Google Patents

Entraînement à cames Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2041401B1
EP2041401B1 EP07787054A EP07787054A EP2041401B1 EP 2041401 B1 EP2041401 B1 EP 2041401B1 EP 07787054 A EP07787054 A EP 07787054A EP 07787054 A EP07787054 A EP 07787054A EP 2041401 B1 EP2041401 B1 EP 2041401B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rocker arm
arm
gas exchange
actuating element
exchange valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP07787054A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2041401A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Hale
Jonathan Hall
Hermann Hoffmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle International GmbH filed Critical Mahle International GmbH
Publication of EP2041401A1 publication Critical patent/EP2041401A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2041401B1 publication Critical patent/EP2041401B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0031—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of tappet or pushrod length
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/2405—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the cylinder head and rocker arm

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cam drive with a camshaft and arranged thereon cams and at least one, a cam follower having rocker arm according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • one or more cylinders can be switched off during a part-load operation of the motor vehicle or at least operated with reduced energy.
  • devices for influencing a valve control in particular for switching off individual cylinders, are known from a large number of publications, of which the following are briefly explained below.
  • the cam drive has at least one, a cam follower having rocker arm, which is operatively connected via its first arm with a plunger-like abutment and its second arm with the at least one gas exchange valve of the associated cylinder.
  • the rocker arm has an inner and an outer rocker arm, which is mounted on a slot is such that the inner rocker arm can be axially displaced relative to the outer rocker arm, resulting in a change of the valve lift.
  • Such an axial displacement of the outer rocker arm is triggered relative to the inner rocker arm by an electromagnet.
  • the invention is concerned with the problem of providing a cam drive of the generic type an improved embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a structurally simple design and an arrangement of the device for changing the stroke of a gas exchange valve to stationary parts.
  • the invention is based on the general idea, in a cam drive with a camshaft and arranged thereon cams and at least one cam follower having rocker arm, which is on the one hand with a plunger-like abutment and on the other hand with at least one gas exchange valve of an associated cylinder, operatively connected to a means for changing the Hubes of at least one gas exchange valve in the manner of a rotatable actuating element form, wherein the actuating element is rotatably mounted at least between two positions, preferably between two end positions about an axis of the plunger-like abutment and wherein a valve in a first position of the actuating element is smaller or larger than in comparison to a second position of the actuating element.
  • the rocker arm In two end positions, the rocker arm is opposite the plunger-like abutment in one end position in a coupled state and in the other end position in a disengaged state.
  • the actuating element is rotatably mounted only between the two end positions, wherein it generates a normal, in particular maximum, valve lift of the gas exchange valve in a first end position, while it is in his second end position produces a reduced or no valve lift, the latter being equivalent to a cylinder deactivation. It is conceivable, of course, also different intermediate positions between the two end positions, whereby a particularly accurate control of the valve is made possible.
  • Such a rotatable actuator is structurally simple to manufacture and thereby cost.
  • the device between the first arm of the rocker arm and the plunger-like abutment is arranged.
  • This offers the advantage that almost no additional space required for the arrangement of the device according to the invention, so that the device can be applied even in confined spaces, which are often found in the range of cylinder heads.
  • An actuating device for actuating the actuating element can be arranged, for example in the form of an actuator in the region of the cylinder head and optionally used for one or more actuating element. It is conceivable in particular that each actuator is assigned a separate actuator or several actuators are actuated by a common actuator.
  • the rocker arm is formed in two parts and has an outer and an inner rocker arm, wherein the actuating element in a first position on outer rocker arm is supported so that it is in contact with a first cam of the camshaft and can perform an oscillating tilting movement, which causes an actuation of the gas exchange valve of the associated cylinder.
  • the actuating element is displaced in a second position, for example in a second end position relative to the outer rocker arm and is based exclusively on the inner rocker arm, so that the inner rocker arm is in contact with a second cam of the camshaft and can perform an oscillating tilting movement , which causes a change in the first position changed actuation of the associated gas exchange valve.
  • the configuration of the inner or outer rocker arm and the two associated cam on the camshaft thereby succeeds a particularly accurate and finely tuned control of the valve, whereby a particularly e-energy-saving operation of the engine and thereby a reduction in energy costs can be achieved.
  • a part of a cam drive 1 which comprises a camshaft (not shown) with cams 18 arranged thereon, as well as a rocker arm 3 having a cam follower 2.
  • the rocker arm 3 is connected via its first arm 4 with a plunger-like abutment 5 and via its second arm 6 with at least one gas exchange valve 7 of an associated cylinder, not shown, operatively connected.
  • the cam follower 2 is according to the Fig. 1 formed as a ring which is held by a pin 8 in a receptacle 9 on the rocker arm 3.
  • a device 10 for changing the stroke of the at least one gas exchange valve 7 is provided between the first arm 4 of the rocker arm 3 and the abutment 5.
  • the device 10 for changing the stroke of the gas exchange valve 7 has kipphebel character a guide pin 11, with which it engages in an associated receptacle 9 'in the first arm 4 of the rocker arm 3. Abutment side, the device 10 has a bearing surface complementary to a abutment side head trained on, over which the device 10 is supported on the plunger-like abutment 5.
  • the actuating element 12 is rotatably mounted between two positions about an axis 13 of the plunger-like abutment 5, wherein a valve lift in a first, engaged position (see Fig. 2a ) of the actuating element 12 in comparison to a second, disengaged position (see Fig. 2b ) is changed.
  • a rotational movement of the actuating element can take place via an actuator arm 14 which, for example, is connected to an actuator, not shown, in particular an actuator, or is operatively connected thereto. It is conceivable that each actuator is associated with an actuator 12 or that multiple actuators 12 are controlled by one and the same actuator.
  • a spring device 15 is provided, which biases the rocker arm 3 and the first arm 4 of the rocker arm 3 against the associated cam, not shown, of the camshaft.
  • the spring device 15 is designed as a leg spring and engages on the one hand on the second arm 6 of the rocker arm 3 and on the other hand on the guide pin 11 of the fastening element 12 as an abutment.
  • the rocker arm 3 executes a tilting movement, whereby the tilting axis varies as a function of the position of the actuating element 12.
  • the actuating element 12 In the position of the actuating element 12 in its second end position (see Fig. 1 and 2a ), the actuating element 12 during the oscillating tilting movement of the rocker arm 3 in this at least partially, wherein the rocker arm 3 then performs a tilting movement about the free end of the second arm 6, without causing actuation of the associated gas exchange valve 7. If, however, the actuator 12 is rotated by 90 ° (see Fig.
  • the actuator 12 is in a first position, in particular in a first end position, wherein it is supported on the rocker arm 3, so that it performs an oscillating tilting movement, which causes actuation of the gas exchange valve 7 of the associated cylinder.
  • the actuating element 12 can thus be rotated between at least two end positions, wherein the first end position leads to a "normal" stroke of the gas exchange valve 7, while the second end position causes a reduced stroke, in particular a zero stroke of the gas exchange valve 7.
  • the latter is referred to as "cylinder deactivation”.
  • at least one intermediate position is provided, in which the actuating element 12 is not so deep in the second arm 4 of the rocker arm 3 dips, as is the case in the second end position and thus to a reduced compared to the first end position and in the Compared to the second end position increased valve lift of the gas exchange valve 7 leads.
  • a particularly accurate control of the valve lift of the gas exchange valve 7 is possible.
  • a device 10 for changing the stroke of the gas exchange valve 7 is shown, in which the rocker arm 3 is formed in two parts and a Kipphebelelement 16 and an inner lying in Kipphebelelement 16 arm 17 is provided. Similar in the Fig. 1 and 2 is also in the device 10 according to the Fig. 3 a cam follower 2 is provided which is mounted on the rocker arm 3 via a bolt 8. Unlike the Fig. 1 and 2 the device 10 according to the Fig. 3 However, the inner arm 17 which is rotatable relative to the rocker arm 3 about the axis 13 '.
  • a spring means 15 is provided which is preferably designed as a leg spring and which is arranged in the region of the second arm 6 of the rocker arm 3 and the free end thereof and the rocker arm 3 biases against the associated cam of the camshaft and against the abutment 5 via the inner arm 17.
  • the actuator 12 for changing the stroke of the gas exchange valve 7 is different from the Fig. 1 and 2 designed differently, in particular in such a way that between a first end position and a second end position are only about 45 °.
  • the Actuator 12 also has a guide pin 11, which is the inner arm 17 facing disposed on the actuating element 12 and engages mounted device 10 in a corresponding receptacle 9 'on the inner arm 17.
  • the actuating element 12 On its side facing the plunger-like abutment 5, the actuating element 12 has a bearing surface formed complementary to a head of the plunger-like abutment 5, which ensures reliable interaction between the actuating element 12 and the abutment 5.
  • Fig. 4a is shown in the execution after Fig. 3 the actuating element 12 in its first position, in particular in its first end position and is supported on the rocker arm member 16 so that it performs an oscillating tilting movement, which causes an actuation of the associated gas exchange valve 7.
  • the actuator 12 according to the Fig. 4b rotated by 45 ° and thus in a second position, in particular in its second end position in which it is at least partially immersed in the Kipphebelelement 16 and exclusively on the inner arm 17 is supported, so that the Kipphebelelement 16 a tilting movement about the free end of its second arm 6 executes without causing actuation of the associated gas exchange valve 7. Since a cam 18 both in the Fig.
  • valve lift difference between the Fig. 4a and 4b results from an addition of the valve lift changes a and b according to the Fig. 4a and b .
  • a valve lift with its actuating element 12 in its first end position, changes markedly to a valve lift when the actuating element 12 is in its second end position.
  • the valve lift is greatly reduced in the second end position of the actuating element 12 or is zero in the extreme case, so that in this case the associated gas exchange valve 7 moves no valve lift, resulting in a cylinder shutdown.
  • a device 10 is shown, in which the rocker arm 3 is formed in two parts and two independently operating rocker arm 3 'and 3 "with two independently operating cam followers 2' and
  • the cam follower 2 ' is the same or at least similar formed as the cam follower 2 according to the Fig. 1 to 4 while the cam follower 2 "is arranged as a sliding surface 19 on the outer rocker arm 3".
  • a spring device 15 which is designed as a leg spring. The spring device 15 braces the two rocker arms 3 'and 3 "toward each other.
  • the inner rocker arm 3 ' is rotatably supported on the outer rocker arm 3 "via a bolt 8. Further different from the embodiments of the apparatus 10 according to FIGS Fig. 1 to 4 is at the FIGS. 5 and 6 in that 18 additional cams 18 'are provided in addition to the cam.
  • the actuator 12 has as in the Fig. 1 to 4 also according to Fig. 5 a guide pin 11 which 'engages in an associated receptacle 9 on the inner rocker arm 3, wherein additionally in the region of the guide pin 11, a part-spherical sliding surface 19 is provided.
  • Fig. 1 to 4 also has the actuator 12 according to the FIGS. 5 and 6 an actuator arm 14, which can be connected to an actuator, not shown.
  • the actuating element 12 In a first position, in particular its first end position, the actuating element 12 is supported on the outer rocker arm 3 "(cf. Fig. 6a ) so this one with a first cam 18 of the camshaft in contact and performs an oscillating tilting movement, which causes actuation of the gas exchange valve 7 of the associated cylinder.
  • the actuating element 12 In its second position, however, in particular in a second end position, the actuating element 12 at least partially immersed in the outer rocker arm 3 "and is supported on the inner rocker arm 3 ', so that the inner rocker arm 3' with a second cam 18 'of the camshaft is in contact and performs an oscillating tilting movement, which causes a comparison of the first position changed actuation of the associated gas exchange valve 7 (see Fig. 6 ).
  • intermediate positions are provided between the two end positions, in which the valve lift of the gas exchange valve 7 is changed compared to the first end position and compared to the second end position.
  • the first cam 18 and the second cam 18 ' can be achieved in the second end position of the actuating element 12 to a reduction of the valve stroke up to a complete shutdown of the associated cylinder.
  • the actuating element 12 is a component which is not moved during normal operation of the internal combustion engine, so that essentially a stationary device 10 for changing the valve lift is created, which compared to an internal combustion engine without inventive device 10 does not increase energy costs due to generated moving masses.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un entraînement (1) à cames comprenant un arbre à cames et des cames (18, 18') disposées sur celui-ci et comprenant au moins un culbuteur (3) qui présente un suiveur (2) de came, lequel est en liaison active par le biais de son premier bras (4) avec un palier (5) de type coulisseau et par le biais de son deuxième bras (6) avec au moins une vanne (7) de changement de gaz d'un cylindre associé. L'entraînement (1) à cames présente en outre un dispositif (10) pour modifier la course de l'au moins une vanne (7) de changement de gaz. L'aspect essentiel de l'invention est ici que le dispositif (10) est réalisé sous la forme d'un dispositif d'accouplement agissant entre le contre-appui (5) de type coulisseau et le culbuteur (3, 3', 3'') et muni d'un élément (12) d'actionnement qui est monté de manière à pouvoir tourner au moins entre deux positions autour d'un axe (13) du contre-appui (5) de type coulisseau. Selon l'invention, une course de vanne dans une première position accouplée de l'élément (12) d'actionnement est modifiée par rapport à une deuxième position désaccouplée.

Claims (8)

  1. Commande de distribution (1) comportant
    - un arbre à cames et des cames (18,18') disposées sur celui-ci,
    - au moins un culbuteur (3) présentant un suiveur de came (2,2'), qui est relié opérationnellement par l'intermédiaire de son premier bras (4) avec une butée (5) de type poussoir et par l'intermédiaire de son deuxième bras (6) avec au moins une soupape d'échange de gaz (7) chargée par ressort d'un cylindre afférent,
    - un dispositif (10) pour modifier la course de levage d'au moins une soupape d'échange de gaz (7),
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif (10) est réalisé comme un dispositif d'accouplement avec un élément d'actionnement (12) agissant entre la butée de type poussoir (5) et le culbuteur (3,3',3'', qui est positionné de manière rotative au moins entre deux positions autour d'un axe (13) de la butée de type poussoir (5), dans laquelle une course de levage de soupape dans une première position accouplée de l'élément d'actionnement (12) est modifiée comparé à une deuxième position désaccouplée.
  2. Commande de distribution selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément d'actionnement (12) peut être tourné à au moins 45° entre deux positions finales.
  3. Commande de distribution selon une des revendications 1 ou 2,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le culbuteur (3,3') est précontraint par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif à ressort (15), qui est disposé au niveau d'une extrémité libre du premier ou du deuxième bras (4,6) du culbuteur (3,3'), contre la came afférente (18,18') de l'arbre à cames, dans laquelle ce dispositif à ressort (15) peut être réalisé comme un ressort de torsion.
  4. Commande de distribution selon une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément d'actionnement (12) s'appuie dans une première position sur le culbuteur (3), de telle sorte que celui-ci puisse exécuter un mouvement de bascule oscillant, qui provoque un actionnement de la soupape d'échange de gaz (7) du cylindre afférent, alors que l'élément d'actionnement (12) dans une deuxième position plonge au moins partiellement dans le culbuteur (3), de telle sorte que celui-ci puisse effectuer un mouvement de bascule autour de l'extrémité livre de son deuxième bras (6), sans provoquer un actionnement de la soupape d'échange de gaz (7) afférente.
  5. Commande de distribution selon une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le culbuteur (3) est réalisé en deux parties et présente un élément de culbuteur (16) avec un bras (17) situé à l'intérieur, positionné dans celui-ci, dans laquelle l'élément d'actionnement (12) s'appuie dans une première position sur l'élément de culbuteur (16), de telle sorte que celui-ci puisse effectuer un mouvement de bascule oscillant, qui provoque un actionnement de la soupape d'échange de gaz (7) afférente, alors que l'élément d'actionnement (12) s'appuie dans une deuxième position par rapport à l'élément de culbuteur (16) de manière déplaçable sur le bras situé à l'intérieur (17), de telle sorte que l'élément de culbuteur (16) puisse effectuer un mouvement de bascule autour de l'extrémité libre de son deuxième bras (6), sans provoquer un actionnement de la soupape d'échange de gaz afférente (7).
  6. Commande de distribution selon une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisée par les caractéristiques,
    - le culbuteur (3) es réalisé en deux parties avec deux culbuteurs (3',3") fonctionnant indépendamment l'un de l'autre comportant respectivement un suiveur de came (2',2") fonctionnant indépendamment l'un de l'autre,
    - les deux culbuteurs (3',3") sont positionnés de manière pivotante l'un contre l'autre sur les extrémités tournées vers la soupape d'échange de gaz (7).
  7. Commande de distribution selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que
    le culbuteur (3) en deux parties présente un culbuteur extérieur et intérieur (3", 3').
  8. Commande de distribution selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisée par les caractéristiques,
    - l'élément d'actionnement (12) s'appuie dans une première position sur le culbuteur extérieur (3"), de telle sorte que celui-ci reste en contact avec une première came (18) de l'arbre à cames et puisse effectuer un mouvement de bascule oscillant, qui provoque un actionnement de la soupape d'échange de gaz (7) du cylindre afférent,
    - dans une deuxième position, l'élément d'actionnement (12) s'appuie sur le culbuteur intérieur (3'), de telle sorte que le culbuteur intérieur (3') reste en contact avec une deuxième came (18') de l'arbre à cames et puisse effectuer un mouvement de bascule oscillant, qui provoque un actionnement modifié de la soupape d'échange de gaz (7) afférente comparé à la première position.
EP07787054A 2006-07-19 2007-07-04 Entraînement à cames Expired - Fee Related EP2041401B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006033403A DE102006033403A1 (de) 2006-07-19 2006-07-19 Nockentrieb
PCT/EP2007/056752 WO2008009557A1 (fr) 2006-07-19 2007-07-04 Entraînement à cames

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2041401A1 EP2041401A1 (fr) 2009-04-01
EP2041401B1 true EP2041401B1 (fr) 2011-11-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07787054A Expired - Fee Related EP2041401B1 (fr) 2006-07-19 2007-07-04 Entraînement à cames

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8490587B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2041401B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009543976A (fr)
CN (1) CN101495716A (fr)
DE (1) DE102006033403A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008009557A1 (fr)

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DE102006033403A1 (de) 2008-01-24
CN101495716A (zh) 2009-07-29
EP2041401A1 (fr) 2009-04-01
JP2009543976A (ja) 2009-12-10
WO2008009557A1 (fr) 2008-01-24
US20100101515A1 (en) 2010-04-29

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