EP2032679B1 - Graphitfreier hochtemperatur-schmierstoff - Google Patents

Graphitfreier hochtemperatur-schmierstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2032679B1
EP2032679B1 EP07765571.0A EP07765571A EP2032679B1 EP 2032679 B1 EP2032679 B1 EP 2032679B1 EP 07765571 A EP07765571 A EP 07765571A EP 2032679 B1 EP2032679 B1 EP 2032679B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
weight
mixture
temperature lubricant
lubricant according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07765571.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2032679A2 (de
Inventor
Steffen Bugner
Ralf Giskow
Bernd Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG
Original Assignee
Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG filed Critical Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG
Priority to PL07765571T priority Critical patent/PL2032679T3/pl
Priority to EP14198677.8A priority patent/EP2878661A1/de
Priority to SI200731628T priority patent/SI2032679T1/sl
Publication of EP2032679A2 publication Critical patent/EP2032679A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2032679B1 publication Critical patent/EP2032679B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
    • C10M2201/0853—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
    • C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/08—Solids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high-temperature lubricant for the hot processing of metals.
  • graphite Many lubricants for hot deformation of metals contain graphite because of its good lubricating properties.
  • graphite has significant disadvantages, such. Example, the inclusion of graphite carbon in the machined metal surface, whereby the composition and the properties of the metal surface can be changed.
  • graphite is undesirable for occupational hygiene reasons because the graphite powder is easily atomized into the ambient atmosphere and poses a health hazard to inhaled graphite powder for nearby workers.
  • the DD 292678 A5 discloses a coating for reducing the friction in the elastic or plastic deformation of metallic materials, consisting of a homogeneous solid mixture of thermal reaction products, produced by thermal action at 250 to 1600 ° C to a homogeneous mixture of (A) 0.02 to 28 parts by mass (B) 0.09 to 9.1 parts by mass alkali or ammonium borate, (C) 0.18 to 26 parts by mass alkali or ammonium phosphate, (D) 0.02 to 18 parts by mass of a polymeric organic compound and (E) O , 06 to 18 parts by mass of reaction products of the components AC, formed in aqueous solution at a pH> 6.5 and at a temperature ⁇ 80 ° C.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a high-temperature lubricant with good flow and flow behavior for scaling on heated metal surfaces, applied in powder form allows good occupancy of the metal surface and even after prolonged storage under production conditions still good flow and flow properties without has strong clumping and avoids the use of graphite.
  • the mixture according to the invention with the components (a), (b), (c) and (d) is particularly suitable as a lubricant for the hot processing of metals. It is understood that the lubricant of the invention may contain other ingredients, as far as they do not significantly adversely affect the desired advantageous properties.
  • Secondary and / or tertiary calcium phosphate compounds have surprisingly proven to be particularly suitable flow aids in a high-temperature lubricant of the type according to the invention for the hot processing of metals.
  • Monocalcium phosphate is unsuitable because it leads to clumping when humid.
  • the calcium phosphate compound of the high-temperature lubricant according to the present invention is selected from hydroxy diaxbutate [Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH] and tricalcium phosphate [Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ], with hydroxy diaxapatite being particularly preferred.
  • the mixture of the high-temperature lubricant according to the invention further contains a fatty acid or a fatty acid salt in combination with the other constituents. It has surprisingly been found that by using a fatty acid or a fatty acid salt, the agglomeration of the fine powder can be significantly reduced and the storage stability can be improved. Without the applicant's being bound by theory, it is believed that the fatty acid or fatty acid salt attaches to the granules of one or more other constituents of the mixture and thus prevents or reduces clumping of the granules, preventing moisture from the granules and thereby improves the storage stability and the flow or flow behavior of the lubricant.
  • the fatty acid or the fatty acid salt is selected from saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 26 carbon atoms or their salts. Particular preference is given to the fatty acid or the fatty acid salt among caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, icosenoic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, timnodonic acid, clupanodonic acid or salts thereof.
  • the fatty acid or the fatty acid salt is stearic acid or its salt, in particular magnesium stearate.
  • the fatty acid or the fatty acid salt is present at a temperature> 30 ° C as a solid.
  • the high-temperature lubricant according to the invention contains as further constituent boric acid, a boric acid salt (borate) and / or a mineral containing boric acid (borate).
  • boric acid H 3 BO 3
  • borax Na 2 B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 8H 2 O or Na 2 B 4 O 7 ⁇ 10H 2 O
  • further sodium borates such as Na 2 B 4 O 7 5H 2 O, Na 2 B 4 O 7 (anhydrous), sodium metaborate [NaBO 2 4H 2 O] and boric anhydride [B 2 O 3 ].
  • boric acid a boric acid salt (borate) and / or a mineral containing a boric acid (borate) improves the uniform distribution of the lubricant on the metal surface and reduces scale formation. At high metalworking temperatures, the high temperature lubricant forms a melt.
  • the high-temperature lubricant according to the invention contains as further constituent alkali polyphosphates and / or alkali pyrophosphates and / or alkali metal metaphosphates, preferably of sodium or potassium.
  • alkali polyphosphates and / or alkali pyrophosphates and / or alkali metal metaphosphates preferably of sodium or potassium.
  • disodium pyrophosphate [Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 ] trisodium pyrophosphate [Na 3 HP 2 O 7 ], tetrasodium pyrophosphate [Na 4 P 2 O 7 ], sodium tripolyphosphate [Na 5 P 3 O 10 ], sodium trimetaphosphate [(NaPO 3 ) 3 ], sodium polyphosphate [(NaPO 3 ) n ], dipotassium pyrophosphate [K 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 ], tripotassium pyrophosphate [K 3 HP 2 O 7 ], tetra
  • the constituents of the mixture have an average particle size of ⁇ 150 ⁇ m. Preference is given to an average particle size of the constituents of the mixture of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably ⁇ 50 ⁇ m. Due to the small mean particle sizes of the constituents of the mixture according to the invention, the flow and flow behavior of the high-temperature lubricant according to the invention compared to known lubricants is significantly improved, facilitates the spraying on surfaces as a powder and ensures better and more uniform layer formation or occupancy on the metal surface. At the same time, the combination of the constituents of the mixture according to the invention prevents or reduces clumping which has regularly occurred in the case of lubricants according to the prior art with small particle sizes and has led to considerable disadvantages.
  • the constituents of the mixture of the high-temperature lubricant according to the invention have an average particle size of ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, preferably ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably ⁇ 15 ⁇ m. It has been found that too small average grain sizes can only be produced very costly and under relatively high costs and, on the other hand, they also increase the tendency to clumping again. An average grain size in the range of 20 to 50 microns has therefore proved to be optimal.
  • the secondary or tertiary calcium phosphate compound (a) is in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 Wt .-% in the mixture.
  • the fatty acid or fatty acid salt (b) is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 3 to 7 Wt .-% in the mixture.
  • boric acid, boric acid salt (borate) and / or a mineral (c) containing boric acid (c) are present in an amount of from 5 to 30% by weight, preferably from 10 to 25% by weight. %, more preferably from 15 to 20 wt .-% in the mixture.
  • polyphosphate and / or pyrophosphate and / or metaphosphate in an amount of 70 to 85 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 75 to 80 wt .-% in the mixture.
  • the average particle size of the mixture or components of the mixture of the high-temperature lubricant according to the invention is determined by means of a Cilas Model 715/920 laser granulometer from Cilas US Inc. About 80 mg of sample are suspended in 2-propanol and the measurement taken for one minute after preparation of the suspension according to the instructions of the manufacturer. ⁇ b> ⁇ u> Table 1 ⁇ / u> ⁇ /b> Free-flowing and moisture absorption after different storage periods under production conditions Sample number composition Storage duration under production conditions; 30 ° C, 80% rel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP07765571.0A 2006-06-28 2007-06-22 Graphitfreier hochtemperatur-schmierstoff Not-in-force EP2032679B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07765571T PL2032679T3 (pl) 2006-06-28 2007-06-22 Smar wysokotemperaturowy bez grafitu
EP14198677.8A EP2878661A1 (de) 2006-06-28 2007-06-22 Graphitfreier Hochtemperatur-Schmierstoff
SI200731628T SI2032679T1 (sl) 2006-06-28 2007-06-22 Visokotemperaturno mazivo brez grafita

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006030113A DE102006030113B4 (de) 2006-06-28 2006-06-28 Graphitfreier Hochtemperatur-Schmierstoff
PCT/EP2007/056260 WO2008000700A2 (de) 2006-06-28 2007-06-22 Graphitfreier hochtemperatur-schmierstoff

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14198677.8A Division EP2878661A1 (de) 2006-06-28 2007-06-22 Graphitfreier Hochtemperatur-Schmierstoff

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2032679A2 EP2032679A2 (de) 2009-03-11
EP2032679B1 true EP2032679B1 (de) 2015-01-07

Family

ID=38722664

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14198677.8A Withdrawn EP2878661A1 (de) 2006-06-28 2007-06-22 Graphitfreier Hochtemperatur-Schmierstoff
EP07765571.0A Not-in-force EP2032679B1 (de) 2006-06-28 2007-06-22 Graphitfreier hochtemperatur-schmierstoff

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14198677.8A Withdrawn EP2878661A1 (de) 2006-06-28 2007-06-22 Graphitfreier Hochtemperatur-Schmierstoff

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US8940672B2 (ru)
EP (2) EP2878661A1 (ru)
CN (1) CN101479369B (ru)
AR (1) AR061694A1 (ru)
DE (1) DE102006030113B4 (ru)
ES (1) ES2532847T3 (ru)
PL (1) PL2032679T3 (ru)
RU (1) RU2458111C2 (ru)
SI (1) SI2032679T1 (ru)
WO (1) WO2008000700A2 (ru)

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CN102559337A (zh) * 2010-12-28 2012-07-11 张红芬 一种高温芯棒用润滑剂及其制备方法
DE102013102897A1 (de) * 2013-03-21 2014-09-25 Chemische Fabrik Budenheim Kg Zusammensetzung für den Schutz vor Zunder und als Schmiermittel für die Heißverarbeitung von Metallen
US9549909B2 (en) 2013-05-03 2017-01-24 The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Method for the treatment of dravet syndrome
RU2536820C1 (ru) * 2013-09-10 2014-12-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Российский научно-исследовательский институт трубной промышленности" (ОАО "РосНИТИ") Продукт для горячей обработки металлов давлением
ES2861774T3 (es) 2015-12-22 2021-10-06 Zogenix International Ltd Composiciones de fenfluramina y procedimientos para prepararlas
EP3393470B1 (en) 2015-12-22 2021-01-20 Zogenix International Limited Metabolism resistant fenfluramine analogs and methods of using the same
EP3518975A1 (en) 2016-08-24 2019-08-07 Zogenix International Limited Formulation for inhibiting formation of 5-ht 2b agonists and methods of using same
CN106544149B (zh) * 2016-11-08 2019-10-18 北京科技大学 一种基于石墨烯强化的液-固混合润滑剂及其制备方法
FR3064198B1 (fr) 2017-03-23 2021-10-01 Air Liquide France Ind Dispositif d'injection d'un fluide cryogenique par le bas d'un melangeur
US10682317B2 (en) 2017-09-26 2020-06-16 Zogenix International Limited Ketogenic diet compatible fenfluramine formulation
CA3097335A1 (en) 2018-05-11 2019-11-14 Zogenix International Limited Compositions and methods for treating seizure-induced sudden death
EP3806835A1 (en) 2018-06-14 2021-04-21 Zogenix International Limited Compositions and methods for treating respiratory depression with fenfluramine
WO2021185568A1 (de) * 2020-03-16 2021-09-23 Chemische Fabrik Budenheim Kg Zusammensetzung für das schmieren und/oder entzundern bei der heissverarbeitung von metallen
US11612574B2 (en) 2020-07-17 2023-03-28 Zogenix International Limited Method of treating patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
CN111909762B (zh) * 2020-08-18 2022-06-28 烟台开发区阳光工贸有限责任公司 一种水溶性钢管热轧用耐高温润滑剂

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DD292678A5 (de) * 1988-12-30 1991-08-08 Zi Fuer Festkoerperphysik Und Werkstofforschung,De Ueberzug zur verminderung der reibung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006030113A1 (de) 2008-01-03
CN101479369B (zh) 2013-05-01
WO2008000700A3 (de) 2008-02-28
ES2532847T3 (es) 2015-04-01
AR061694A1 (es) 2008-09-17
SI2032679T1 (sl) 2015-04-30
US20100298181A1 (en) 2010-11-25
EP2878661A1 (de) 2015-06-03
RU2009102453A (ru) 2010-08-10
EP2032679A2 (de) 2009-03-11
US8940672B2 (en) 2015-01-27
PL2032679T3 (pl) 2015-06-30
DE102006030113B4 (de) 2009-02-12
WO2008000700A2 (de) 2008-01-03
CN101479369A (zh) 2009-07-08
RU2458111C2 (ru) 2012-08-10

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