CN101479369A - 无石墨的高温润滑剂 - Google Patents

无石墨的高温润滑剂 Download PDF

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CN101479369A
CN101479369A CNA2007800240323A CN200780024032A CN101479369A CN 101479369 A CN101479369 A CN 101479369A CN A2007800240323 A CNA2007800240323 A CN A2007800240323A CN 200780024032 A CN200780024032 A CN 200780024032A CN 101479369 A CN101479369 A CN 101479369A
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S·布戈纳
R·吉斯科
B·施奈德
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Chemische Fabrik Budenhiem KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于金属热处理的包含细粉末材料混合物的高温润滑剂。为了提供具有良好的滴流和流动特性以溶解在加热的金属表面上的污垢,以粉末形式施用时可以良好覆盖金属表面,甚至在生产条件下长时间储存后仍然保持良好的滴流和流动特性,而没有严重的团块形成现象,并且避免使用石墨的高温润滑剂,依据本发明提出了包含至少一种以下组分的混合物:(a)二代和/或三代磷酸钙化合物,(b)脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐,(c)硼酸、硼酸盐和/或含硼酸盐的矿物,(d)缩合的碱金属磷酸盐,其中混合物的组分的平均粒度≤150微米,该润滑剂不含任何添加的石墨。

Description

无石墨的高温润滑剂
本发明涉及用于金属热处理的高温润滑剂。
发明背景
在环境空气下,在700-1300℃温度范围内的金属热加工,尤其是钢的热加工中,在加热的金属表面形成污垢(scale)。在生产无缝管和管道的钢的热轧方法的情况下,固体材料被穿孔,形成空心块,然后在之后的轧制步骤中拉长。在此,在转移到拉长步骤的过程中在空心块的加热金属表面上形成污垢的风险非常高。在随后的轧制步骤中污垢的形成可能导致无缝管或管道的内部缺陷。为此,例如,通过压缩空气或惰性气体将包含的污垢吹掉。另外,将差别极大的粉末形式的物质作为润滑剂或媒染剂施加到空心块的内表面。这种润滑剂或媒染剂的例子含有石墨、氮化硼、硫化钼、硅酸盐或碱土磷酸盐和它们的混合物。
由于石墨良好的润滑性质,许多用于金属热加工的润滑剂含有石墨。但是,应注意,石墨具有很多缺点,例如石墨碳吸收到加工的金属的表面中,从而会改变金属表面的组成和性质。另外,石墨不受欢迎的原因还与工作卫生有关,因为石墨粉末容易雾化到环境大气中,在附近工作的人们由于呼吸了石墨粉末而存在危害健康的风险。
另外,由于润滑剂的物理性质和粒度,许多已知的润滑剂不具有良好的滴流和流动特性。包含大粒度的粗材料通常导致金属表面覆盖不充分和不均匀,因而导致污垢减少的情况较差。已知的小粒度的细颗粒材料(例如小于50微米)通常具有形成团块的倾向,特别是在储存时,因此它们只能困难地以粉末的形式喷到金属表面上。但是,较小的粒度能提供形成更佳的层的优点,但是在已知的小粒度组合物中,该优点由于严重的形成团块的倾向而又变得无效。
发明目的
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种具有良好的滴流和流动特性的高温润滑剂,用于溶解加热的金属表面上形成的污垢,该润滑剂在以粉末形式施用时能够良好地覆盖金属表面,甚至在生产条件下长时间储存后仍然保持良好的滴流和流动性质,而没有严重的团块形成现象,避免了石墨的使用。
发明详述
依据本发明,通过包含细粉末材料混合物的用于金属热处理的高温润滑剂来达到所述目的,其中所述混合物至少包含以下组分:
(a)二代和/或三代磷酸钙化合物,
(b)脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐,
(c)硼酸、硼酸盐和/或含有硼酸盐的矿物,和
(d)缩合的碱金属磷酸盐,
其中混合物的组分的平均粒度≤150微米,润滑剂不含有任何添加的石墨。
已经惊奇地发现,含有组分(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)的本发明混合物特别适合用作金属热处理的润滑剂。应理解,本发明的润滑剂可包含其它组分,只要它们对所需的有利性质基本上不造成不利影响。
令人惊奇地,二代和/或三代磷酸钙化合物经证实是特别合适的本发明用于金属热处理的类型的高温润滑剂中的滴流流动助剂。磷酸一钙并不合适,因为在空气中湿气存在的情况下,磷酸一钙会导致团块的形成。依据本发明的高温润滑剂中的磷酸钙化合物特别优选自羟磷灰石[Ca5(PO4)3OH]和磷酸三钙[Ca3(PO4)2],更优选的羟磷灰石。
依据本发明的高温润滑剂的混合物还包含脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐与其它组分的组合。令人惊奇地发现,使用脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐意味着可以大大减少细颗粒粉末形成团块,提高耐储存的能力。在申请人本身不因此受理论限制的情况下,假设脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐附着在混合物中一种或多种其它组分的颗粒上,从而防止或减少了颗粒形成团块的现象,使水分远离颗粒,从而提高了耐储存的能力以及润滑剂滴流或流动的特性。
在依据本发明的高温润滑剂的优选实施方式中,脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐选自具有6-26个碳原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪酸或它们的盐。特别优选的是脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐选自:己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、十七酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十二烷酸、二十四烷酸、蜡酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、反油酸、异油酸、依克斯酸(icosic acid)、芥酸、神经酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、4,7,11-二十二碳三烯-18-炔酸和它们的盐。特别优选的是脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐是硬脂酸或其盐,特别是硬脂酸镁。选择的先决条件是脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐在>30℃的温度下是固体形式。
作为另一种组分,依据本发明的高温润滑剂含有硼酸、硼酸盐和/或含有硼酸盐的矿物。特别优选的是硼酸[H3BO3],硼砂[Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O或Na2B4O7·10H2O],其它硼酸钠,诸如Na2B4O7·5H2O、Na2B4O7(无水)、偏硼酸钠[Na2BO2·4H2O],以及硼酸酐[B2O3]。依据本发明使用硼酸、硼酸盐和/或含有硼酸盐的矿物提高了润滑剂在金属表面上的均匀分布,并且减少了污垢的形成。在高温金属处理操作中,高温润滑剂形成熔融材料。
作为另一种组分,依据本发明的高温润滑剂含有缩合的碱金属磷酸盐,优选是缩合的磷酸钠或磷酸钾或它们的混合物,特别优选的是聚磷酸盐和/或焦磷酸盐和/或偏磷酸盐或它们的混合物。特别优选的是焦磷酸二钠[Na2H2P2O7]、焦磷酸三钠[Na3HP2O7]、焦磷酸四钠[Na4P2O7]、三聚磷酸钠[Na5P3O10]、三偏磷酸钠[(NaPO3)3]、聚磷酸钠[(NaPO3)n]、焦磷酸二钾[K2H2P2O7]、焦磷酸三钾[K3HP2O7]、焦磷酸四钾[K4P2O7]、三聚磷酸钾[K5P3O10]、三偏磷酸钾[(KPO3)3]和/或聚磷酸钾[(KPO3)n],最优选的是三聚磷酸钠[Na5P3O10]。已经发现,在依据本发明的高温润滑剂的混合物中使用聚磷酸盐和/或焦磷酸盐和/或偏磷酸盐尤其可以有利地促进污垢溶解等。
在依据本发明的高温润滑剂中,混合物的组分的平均粒度≤150微米。优选的是混合物的组分的平均粒度≤100微米,特别优选平均粒度≤50微米。依据本发明的混合物的组分的低平均粒度可以使本发明的高温润滑剂的滴流和流动性质与已知的润滑剂相比大幅度提高,以粉末形式喷涂到表面上更容易,确保在金属表面上形成更好和更均匀的层或涂层。同时,依据本发明的混合物的各组分的组合防止或减少了团块的形成,团块的形成常发生于依据现有技术的小粒度水平的润滑剂的情况,导致严重的缺陷。
更优选的是依据本发明的高温润滑剂的混合物的组分的平均粒度≥3微米,优选≥10微米,更优选≥15μm。已经发现,太小的平均粒度一方面非常难制造,需要复杂的工艺和较高的成本,另一方面也会增加形成团块的倾向。因此,平均粒度在20-50微米范围内经证实是最佳的。
在依据本发明的高温润滑剂的优选实施方式中,混合物中二代或三代磷酸钙化合物(a)的含量为0.1-15重量%,优选为0.5-10重量%,特别优选为1-5重量%。
在依据本发明的高温润滑剂的另一优选实施方式中,混合物中脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐(b)的含量为0.1-15重量%,优选为1-10重量%,特别优选为3-7重量%。
在依据本发明的高温润滑剂的另一优选实施方式中,混合物中硼酸、硼酸盐和/或含有硼酸盐的矿物(c)的含量为5-30重量%,优选为10-25重量%,特别优选为15-20重量%。
在依据本发明的高温润滑剂的另一优选实施方式中,混合物中聚磷酸盐和/或焦磷酸盐和/或偏磷酸盐(d)的含量为60-95重量%,优选为70-85重量%,特别优选为75-80重量%。
储存特性,团块形成和吸湿性
在生产条件下对各混合物进行了储存测试,以测试在生产条件下形成团块的倾向。为此,将150克样品在恒定为30℃和80%相对空气湿度的空调箱(air-conditioning cabinet)(型号3821/15,来自弗创(Feutron))中储存0小时、67小时和96小时,然后在筛分测试中确定是否形成团块(滴流流动性能),根据与原始重量比较的重量增加确定其吸湿性。
这仅仅是对综合的各混合物的储存和滴流流动特性的总体评价,该评价可以给出关于样品在生产条件下的质量和适用性方面的信息。对各混合物的试验结果示于表1中。
测定粒度
测定依据本发明的高温润滑剂的混合物或该混合物组分的平均粒度的操作通过来自美国赛来斯公司(Cilas U.S.Inc.)的赛来斯715/920型的激光粒度仪进行。依据制造商的说明书,将约80毫克样品悬浮在2-丙醇中,在悬浮液制备1分钟后进行测量。
表1
在生产条件下,在不同储存时间后滴流流动性能和吸湿性
1)筛分条件:样品量2克+吸湿量;振幅1刻度部分;振动周期70秒。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于金属热处理的包含细粉末材料混合物的高温润滑剂,其中所述混合物至少包含以下组分:
(a)二代和/或三代磷酸钙化合物,
(b)脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐,
(c)硼酸、硼酸盐和/或含有硼酸盐的矿物,和
(d)缩合的碱金属磷酸盐,
其中所述混合物的组分的平均粒度≤150微米,润滑剂不含有任何添加的石墨。
2.如权利要求1所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,组分(c)选自:硼酸[H3BO3],硼砂[Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O或Na2B4O7·10H2O],硼酸钠如Na2B4O7·5H2O、Na2B4O7(无水)、偏硼酸钠[Na2BO2·4H2O],硼酸酐[B2O3]和它们的混合物。
3.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,组分(d)选自:缩合的磷酸钠或磷酸钾或它们的混合物,优选自聚磷酸盐和/或焦磷酸盐和/或偏磷酸盐或它们的混合物,特别优选自焦磷酸二钠[Na2H2P2O7]、焦磷酸三钠[Na3HP2O7]、焦磷酸四钠[Na4P2O7]、三聚磷酸钠[Na5P3O10]、三偏磷酸钠[(NaPO3)3]、聚磷酸钠[(NaPO3)n]、焦磷酸二钾[K2H2P2O7]、焦磷酸三钾[K3HP2O7]、焦磷酸四钾[K4P2O7]、三聚磷酸钾[K5P3O10]、三偏磷酸钾[(KPO3)3]和/或聚磷酸钾[(KPO3)n]或它们的混合物,其中,组分(d)最优选的是三聚磷酸钠[Na5P3O10]。
4.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,磷酸钙化合物选自羟磷灰石[Ca5(PO4)3OH]和磷酸三钙[Ca3(PO4)2],特别优选的是羟磷灰石。
5.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,所述脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐选自具有6-26个碳原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪酸和其盐,优选自己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、十七酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十二烷酸、二十四烷酸、蜡酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、反油酸、异油酸、依克斯酸、芥酸、神经酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、4,7,11-二十二碳三烯-18-炔酸和它们的盐,前提是所述脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐在>30°的温度下以固体形式存在。
6.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,所述脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐是硬脂酸或其盐。
7.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,所述混合物中二代或三代磷酸钙化合物(a)的含量为0.1-15重量%,优选为0.5-10重量%,特别优选为1-5重量%。
8.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,所述混合物中脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐(b)的含量为0.1-15重量%,优选为1-10重量%,更优选为3-7重量%。
9.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,所述混合物中硼酸、硼酸盐和/或含有硼酸盐的矿物(c)的含量为5-30重量%,优选为10-25重量%,特别优选为15-20重量%。
10.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,所述混合物中聚磷酸盐和/或焦磷酸盐和/或偏磷酸盐(d)的含量为60-95重量%,优选为70-85重量%,特别优选为75-80重量%。
11.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,所述混合物的组分的平均粒度≤100微米,优选≤50微米。
12.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的高温润滑剂,其特征在于,所述混合物的组分的平均粒度≥3微米,优选≥10微米,更优选≥15微米。
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CN105324470B (zh) * 2013-03-21 2017-03-15 化学制造布敦海姆两合公司 保护金属热加工时不产生锈皮并用作金属热加工的润滑剂的组合物
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