EP2027647A1 - Dispositif d'alimentation électrique dans un réseau d'alimentation électrique et convertisseur de tension continue destiné à un tel dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif d'alimentation électrique dans un réseau d'alimentation électrique et convertisseur de tension continue destiné à un tel dispositif

Info

Publication number
EP2027647A1
EP2027647A1 EP08757930A EP08757930A EP2027647A1 EP 2027647 A1 EP2027647 A1 EP 2027647A1 EP 08757930 A EP08757930 A EP 08757930A EP 08757930 A EP08757930 A EP 08757930A EP 2027647 A1 EP2027647 A1 EP 2027647A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
inverter
circuit
windings
converter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08757930A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2027647B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Zacharias
Benjamin Sahan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMA Solar Technology AG
Original Assignee
SMA Solar Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMA Solar Technology AG filed Critical SMA Solar Technology AG
Publication of EP2027647A1 publication Critical patent/EP2027647A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2027647B1 publication Critical patent/EP2027647B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a suitable DC-DC converter.
  • DC generators For feeding electrical energy with DC generators such.
  • B. photovoltaic or fuel cell systems is generated, in a AC power grid, in particular the public power grid (50/60 Hz), inverters of various kinds are used.
  • a DC-DC converter is provided in most cases, which serves the purpose of converting the DC voltage supplied by the DC voltage generator into a required by the inverter or adapted to this DC voltage.
  • circuit arrangements are already known with which a solar generator can be grounded on one side despite the absence of a transformer.
  • capacitive leakage currents are inherently prevented.
  • one of these circuits (DE 196 42 522 C1) requires five active switch, with one or two switches simultaneously high-frequency switch and must provide the average output current.
  • this circuit also referred to as "flying inductor”
  • the efficiency is therefore impaired by the high number of components involved in the current flow simultaneously in series.
  • a disadvantage of this circuit also that lückende current pulses are impressed into the network, which make a capacitive line filter required that degrades the inherent by its own reactive power demand the power factor, but also the efficiency of the circuit in the partial load range.
  • devices of the type described are known (US 2007/0047277 A1), which are intended for inverters with a bipolar voltage intermediate circuit, which contains two series-connected, connected to a ground terminal capacitors.
  • Such inverters which are used today predominantly for the purposes of interest here, can be designed as so-called half-bridge inverters, as half-bridge inverters in a 3-point circuit and as required as an inverter for a single-phase or three-phase grid feed.
  • the connection point between the two capacitors forms a ground connection which is assigned to the neutral or neutral conductor of the respective network and is connected to it.
  • the DC-DC converter of this known device includes a storage inductor, two diodes and a switch.
  • the ground connection of the inverter can in this case be connected to the negative output of the DC voltage generator.
  • a storage choke which is composed of two magnetically coupled windings.
  • the two windings of this storage inductor are so galvanically connected at one end, that on the one hand with the switch closed one of the two windings of the DC voltage generator and the other winding is charged due to the magnetic coupling on the first winding and that on the other hand with an open switch both windings are discharged via an associated one of the two capacitors and an associated diode.
  • the technical problem of the invention is the device of the type described and in particular a suitable DC-DC converter in such a way that a grounding of the negative terminal of the DC generator not only with comparatively simple design means, but also under clear Reduction of the voltage load of the switch of the DC-DC converter can be realized.
  • the invention enables a grounded operation of the DC voltage generator by using a DC-DC converter, which requires in the simplest case, only one storage inductor, three diodes and two switches. As a result, despite only a slightly increased cost of the advantage
  • Fig. 1 shows the known structure of a device with a grounded
  • Fig. 2 shows a device according to the invention, with a grounded
  • FIG. 3 shows the signals for controlling two switches of the device according to FIG. 25 and resulting current waveforms
  • FIG. 4 and 5 a device according to FIG 2, but with a respective modified DC-DC converter.
  • Fig. 6 shows a device according to FIG. 1, but with a modified
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 show various types of inverters that are alternative to the
  • a conventional, considered in the context of the present invention device includes a DC voltage generator 1, a DC-DC converter 2 and an inverter 3.
  • the DC voltage generator 1 is z. B. from a photovoltaic or fuel cell system and has a two outputs 4 (+) and 5 (-) connected in parallel capacitor C (eg., US 2007 / 0047277A1, Fig. 10).
  • the inverter 3 of the known device has two outputs 6 and 7, which serve here for single-phase supply of electrical energy into a power supply network 8, whose phase L is connected to the output 6 and the neutral or neutral conductor N to the output 7.
  • the inverter 3 also includes three inputs E1, E2 and E3. Between the inputs E1 and E2 two series-connected capacitors C1 and C2 are arranged, whose connection point is located at the input E3.
  • the inverters 3 are designed as half-bridge inverters according to FIG. 1 and are provided with two switches S1 and S2, one of whose terminals is connected to one of the inputs E1 and E2 respectively and whose other connection leads to a common connection point 9 and from there via a smoothing or mains choke L1 to the output 6.
  • Both switches S1, S2 are also each a diode D1, D2 connected in parallel, the diode D1 from the connection point 9 in the direction of the input E1 and the diode D2 from the input E3 in the direction of the connection point 9 can be made conductive and in the opposite - Set direction locks.
  • the input E3 is connected directly to the output 7, on the other hand connected to ground and thus formed as a ground terminal and connected to the negative output 5 of the DC voltage generator 1.
  • the DC-DC converter 2 has two to be connected to the outputs 4 and 5 of the DC voltage generator 1 inputs 10 and 11.
  • a switch S4 is connected to a connection point 14 leads.
  • connection point 14 of the one terminal of a throttle designed as a coupled storage throttle 15 is connected.
  • the storage inductor 15 includes a first winding W1 and a second winding W2, both magnetically coupled together and z. B. are wound on a common core 16. At its one ends, the two windings W1, W2 are connected to form a further connection point 17.
  • the input E3 of the inverter 3 designed as a ground connection is galvanically connected not only to the input 11 to be connected to the negative output 5 of the DC voltage generator 1, but also to the connection point 17 of the two windings W1, W2 of the DC voltage converter 2.
  • the other terminal of the winding W2 is connected via a diode D4 to the input E1 and the input E2 via a further diode D5 to the connection point 14 between the switch S4 and the winding W1. This resulted in a total of three circuits.
  • a first circuit, starting from the input 10 of the DC-DC converter 3, is formed by the switch S4, the winding W1 connected in series therewith and a line leading from the connection point 17 to the input 11.
  • a second circuit contains the first winding W1 and leads back from the connection point 14 via the first winding W1, the ground terminal E3, a capacitor C2 associated with the winding W1, and the diode D5, all in series, to the connection point 14.
  • a third circuit Finally, the second winding W2 and leads from the connection point 17 via the winding W2 and the diode D4 to the input E1, from there via the other of the two, the winding W2 associated capacitor C1 to ground terminal E3 and from there back to the connection point 17 between the two windings W1 and W2.
  • the two windings W1, W2 are wound on the common core 16 such that the winding W2 is also charged when the winding W1 is charged due to the magnetic coupling through the first winding W1.
  • the winding sense of both windings W1, W2 is chosen so that at in Fig. 2nd indicated by points indicated points the same voltage polarities are obtained.
  • the switches S1, S2 and S4 are expediently designed in a known manner as a semiconductor switch, which can be periodically switched on and off during operation with control units, not shown (microcontroller, PWM controllers, etc.), wherein the switching frequency z. B. 16 kHz or more.
  • the coupled storage inductor 15 is charged by means of the first electric circuit 10, S4, W1, 11.
  • the winding W1 can discharge via the second circuit with C2 (via the path 14, W1, E1, C2, D5 and 14), while the winding W2 can discharge via the third circuit with C1 (via the path 17, W2, D4, E1, C1, E3 and 17).
  • only one switch (S4), a coupled storage inductor (15) and two diodes (D4, D5) are required, so that the effort is comparatively low and the efficiency is high.
  • the negative output 5 of the DC voltage generator 1 is grounded or connectable to ground, as is true for the neutral conductor N of the network 8.
  • the voltage intermediate circuit thus has three effective terminals E1, E2 and E3, to which the DC-DC converter 2 with outputs 18, 19 and the input 11 is connected or can be connected when it is manufactured as a separate circuit part and / or offered.
  • the switches S1, S2 are alternately turned on and off. This z. B. during the positive half cycle of the switching signal (switch S1 initially closed, switch S2 open) the positive side relative to E3 (input E1) of the capacitor C1 via the connection point 9 and the line choke L1 to the phase L. At the subsequent opening of the switch S1, the current can flow through the line reactor L1, the capacitor C2 and the diode D2.
  • the negative side (input E2) of the capacitor C2 is connected to the phase L via the connection point 9 and the inductor L1 Close the switch S2 can continue to flow through the diode D1 and the capacitor C1.
  • the two capacitors C1, C2 are thereby alternately discharged and recharged.
  • the described design of the DC-DC converter 2 has the advantage that the DC voltage generator 1 can be operated with a comparatively large range of output voltages. If the DC-DC converter 2 were missing, then it would have to be ensured that the DC voltage generator 1 always supplies such a high output voltage to the inputs E1 and E2 even under unfavorable conditions that the capacitors C1 and C2 are charged to a higher voltage than the network amplitude (in FIG usually approx. ⁇ 325 V).
  • the voltages across the capacitors C1, C2 can also be set to the desired level via the choice of the duty cycle with which the switch S4 is operated if the output voltage of the DC voltage generator 1 is smaller, at least as required by the inverter 3 (or the grid 8).
  • the extent known device is still very flexible. This results from the fact that the voltages at C1 and C2 depending on the chosen duty cycle for S4 can be both larger and smaller than the input voltage to the capacitor C. Is the duty cycle greater?
  • the DC-DC converter works high setting. If the duty cycle is less than 0.5, then the DC-DC converter 2 works in depth. A duty cycle of 0.5 leads practically to a direct feed of the voltage applied to the output of the DC voltage generator 1 voltage. Thus, a large operating voltage range is obtained with only one switch in the io DC-DC converter 2 in a grounded DC voltage generator 1.
  • the maximum voltage load of the inverter switches S1 and S2 is about 2 • UC1, where UC1 is the maximum voltage across the capacitor C1. In the simplest case, only one of these switches can be switched to high frequency for half the grid period while the other is switched off
  • Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the desired effects by means of a coupled storage choke
  • a first switch S5 is connected between the input 10 and a connection point 22, to which one terminal of the winding W1 of the storage inductor 15 is connected. The other terminal of the winding W1 is connected via a second
  • connection point 23 and connected by means of a second switch S6 with the input E3 of the inverter 3 designed as a ground terminal, which is also connected to the input 11 of the DC-DC converter 2 or to the negative output 5 of the DC voltage generator 1 is used.
  • the current path of 10 across S5, 22, W1, 23, S6, 11 and back to 10 forms a first circuit.
  • a first diode D6 emanating from the ground terminal E3 is led back to the earth terminal E3 via the connection point 22, the winding W1, the connection point 23, a second diode D7 and the capacitor C1 assigned to the winding W1.
  • a third circuit containing the second winding W2 which leads back from the earth terminal E3 via the capacitor C2 assigned here to the winding W2, a third diode D8 and the second winding W2 back to the earth terminal E3.
  • the signals for driving the switches S5 and S6 and the current waveforms in the windings W1, W2 of the storage inductor 15 are shown by way of example in FIG. 3. It can be seen that the two switches S5, S6 are always switched on or off simultaneously.
  • the operation of the apparatus of FIG. 2, which is otherwise formed according to FIG. 1, is therefore essentially as follows.
  • the device according to FIG. 2 is flexible in the same way as the device according to FIG. 1, because the voltages at C1 and C2 can be both greater and smaller than the output voltage at the DC voltage generator 1, so that a high operating voltage range is achieved.
  • the arrangement in this case is such that a center terminal or a winding tap 21 of the winding W1 to a connection point
  • the location of the tap 21 can be chosen arbitrarily in principle.
  • the tap 21 can be placed as shown in FIG. 5 at a connection point 24 to the second switch S6, while the parts of the W11 and W12 formed part of the storage throttle 15 as shown in Fig. 2 between the connection points 22 and 23 is placed.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment which, by dividing the first winding W1 of a storage inductor 25, enables a reduction of the voltage load even when a device according to FIG. 1 which has only one switch S4 is used.
  • the position of the tap 26 can be selected as desired in Fig. 4 and 5 in principle.
  • the operation of the inverter 3 is substantially identical in all cases described above.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 show a half-bridge inverter in 3-point circuit
  • Fig. 6 shows another inverter in 3-point circuit with center (each in 1-phase design)
  • Fig. 7 shows an inverter for 3-phase feed into the network.
  • All three inverters have a bipolar voltage intermediate circuit, the inputs E1 to E3 and the outputs 6, 7 as described above. Since inverters of this type are known per se, further explanations do not appear to be necessary.
  • the magnetic coupling of the windings W1 and W2 is preferably obtained by winding them on top of each other or successively onto a common core as needed. They preferably have the same number of turns and are in the schematically illustrated arrangement of Fig. 2 and 4 expediently wound with opposite sense of winding on the core 16 in order to obtain the correct current directions in the loading and unloading operations.
  • the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, which can be modified in many ways. This applies in particular to the extent that the inverters 3 and the DC-DC converters 2 can be manufactured and sold as separate components, although they are preferably produced and sold as a finished unit, as can be seen from the drawings. Therefore, the invention relates not only to the combination of a DC-DC converter 2 and an inverter 3, but also the DC-DC converter 2 alone. Furthermore, it is clear that in the above description, only the necessary components for understanding the invention have been described and in particular the necessary and known control organs, MPP regulations, etc. may be additionally present. It will also be understood that the various features may be applied in combinations other than those described and illustrated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
EP08757930A 2007-06-15 2008-04-12 Dispositif d'alimentation électrique dans un réseau d'alimentation électrique et convertisseur de tension continue destiné à un tel dispositif Not-in-force EP2027647B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007028077A DE102007028077B4 (de) 2007-06-15 2007-06-15 Vorrichtung zur Einspeisung elektrischer Energie in ein Energieversorgungsnetz und Gleichspannungswandler für eine solche Vorrichtung
PCT/DE2008/000619 WO2008151587A1 (fr) 2007-06-15 2008-04-12 Dispositif d'alimentation électrique dans un réseau d'alimentation électrique et convertisseur de tension continue destiné à un tel dispositif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2027647A1 true EP2027647A1 (fr) 2009-02-25
EP2027647B1 EP2027647B1 (fr) 2011-09-28

Family

ID=39764741

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08757930A Not-in-force EP2027647B1 (fr) 2007-06-15 2008-04-12 Dispositif d'alimentation électrique dans un réseau d'alimentation électrique et convertisseur de tension continue destiné à un tel dispositif

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8116103B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2027647B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5097818B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101050294B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101682260B (fr)
AT (1) ATE526721T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007028077B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008151587A1 (fr)

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CN101682260A (zh) 2010-03-24
US20100085788A1 (en) 2010-04-08
JP2010530205A (ja) 2010-09-02
JP5097818B2 (ja) 2012-12-12
KR20090085023A (ko) 2009-08-06
US8116103B2 (en) 2012-02-14
CN101682260B (zh) 2013-05-15
KR101050294B1 (ko) 2011-07-19
EP2027647B1 (fr) 2011-09-28
ATE526721T1 (de) 2011-10-15
WO2008151587A1 (fr) 2008-12-18
DE102007028077A1 (de) 2008-12-24
DE102007028077B4 (de) 2009-04-16

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