EP2471167A2 - Circuit de convertisseurs dc/dc et système de batterie - Google Patents

Circuit de convertisseurs dc/dc et système de batterie

Info

Publication number
EP2471167A2
EP2471167A2 EP10740666A EP10740666A EP2471167A2 EP 2471167 A2 EP2471167 A2 EP 2471167A2 EP 10740666 A EP10740666 A EP 10740666A EP 10740666 A EP10740666 A EP 10740666A EP 2471167 A2 EP2471167 A2 EP 2471167A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
converter
circuit
battery
branch
converters
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP10740666A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Butzmann
Holger Fink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2471167A2 publication Critical patent/EP2471167A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a DC / DC converter circuit with a plurality of DC / DC
  • Converters and a battery system comprising a DC / DC converter circuit.
  • Wind turbines as well as in vehicles, for example in hybrid and electric vehicles, increasingly new battery systems are used, which must meet high reliability requirements. These high requirements are due to the fact that a failure of the battery system can lead to a failure of the entire system (eg leads in an electric vehicle failure of a traction battery to a so-called. "Lying") or even lead to a safety-relevant problem (wind turbines
  • battery systems are used to protect the system from impermissible operating conditions in a strong wind by means of a rotor blade adjustment).
  • the known half-bridge converter 31 comprises a primary circuit 42 and a secondary circuit 43.
  • the primary circuit 42 has a primary-side transformer coil 34a
  • the secondary circuit 43 has a secondary-side transformer coil 34b, wherein the primary-side transformer coil 34a and the secondary-side transformer coil 34b are coupled together to form a transformer.
  • the primary circuit 42 comprises an H-bridge circuit having a first branch and second branch extending from a first node 36 to a second node 37, and a bridge branch located between the first branch and the second branch.
  • the primary-side transformer coil 34a is disposed in the bridge branch.
  • a first switch 35a and a first capacitor 37a in the second branch, a second switch 35b and a second capacitor 37b are arranged.
  • a first resistor 44a is connected in parallel with the first capacitor 38a, and a resistor 44b is connected in parallel with the second capacitor 38b.
  • the first branch connected to a mass 39.
  • the first primary circuit 42 has a first input 50a and a second input 50b, to which a battery 49 is connected.
  • the secondary circuit 43 comprises a rectifier circuit 40 and a low pass 41.
  • the rectifier circuit 40 comprises three diodes 45a, 45b, 45c, by means of which the voltage generated by the secondary-side transformer coil 34b is rectified.
  • the tap of the voltage at the secondary-side transformer coil 34b takes place by means of a center tap.
  • the low-pass filter 41 has a coil 46 and a capacitor 47.
  • the voltage generated in the secondary circuit 43 can be tapped off at a first output 48a and at a second output 48b.
  • the operating principle of the half-bridge converter 1 shown in FIG. 1 is as follows:
  • the battery 49 provides a voltage which charges the capacitors 38a, 38b to half the battery voltage via the balancing resistors 44a, 44b.
  • the switches 35a and 35b are now alternately opened and closed so that across the primary-side transformer coil 34a, an alternating voltage having an amplitude corresponding to half the battery voltage.
  • This alternating voltage is coupled by means of the secondary-side transformer coil 34 b in the secondary circuit 43 and rectified by the rectifier circuit 40.
  • the corresponding to the duty cycle the switch 35a, 35b resulting rectified pulse-shaped output voltage is smoothed through the low-pass filter 41.
  • the invention relates to a DC / DC converter circuit comprising at least two DC / DC converters and a low-pass filter, wherein the DC / DC converters each have an input side and an output side and the DC / DC converters on their output side with each other in Connected in series, and the low-pass filter connected downstream of the DC / DC converters connected in series for smoothing an output voltage generated by the DC / DC converters on its output side.
  • the DC / DC converters make it possible on the input side to connect a multiplicity of energy sources, in particular battery modules, in parallel and / or in series.
  • the terminal voltage of the so-connected battery modules is lower than a circuit of battery modules connected directly in series without a DC / DC converter.
  • a suitable circuit of the DC / DC converters in particular in series and / or in parallel, a desired output voltage or a desired current can be made available on the output side of the DC / DC converters.
  • the device also makes it possible to choose a suitable overall voltage depending on the operating situation, since the output voltage of the individual DC / DC converters can be set in a known manner.
  • the output voltage is independent of the battery modules connected on the input side.
  • the design of the system formed from battery modules and converter circuit can be carried out purely in accordance with energy and power criteria regardless of the total voltage required for the respective application.
  • Another advantage is that expensive circuit breakers for switching off such a system can be omitted, because the voltage can be done on the output side of the DC / DC converter by switching off the DC / DC converter.
  • the downstream low-pass filter makes it possible to smooth the total voltage resulting from the output voltages of the individual DC / DC converters, that is, to eliminate higher-frequency components in the overall voltage.
  • the downstream of the low-pass filter it is in particular possible to dispense with low-pass filters in the individual DC / DC converters, which merely smooth the output voltage for the respective DC / DC converter.
  • the latter is preferred according to the invention.
  • a polyphase control of the individual DC / DC converter it is possible to set the phases of the output voltages of the individual DC / DC converters such that in the sum of the individual output voltages of the DC / DC converter voltage peaks of the individual Output voltages at least partially mittein. This makes it possible to use smaller and less expensive components for the low pass.
  • a “power factor module” is to be understood as meaning a single battery cell or a circuit of several battery cells preferred embodiment of the invention provides that at least one
  • DC / DC converter of the at least two DC / DC converter comprises a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, wherein the primary circuit has a primary-side transformer coil and the secondary circuit has a secondary-side transformer coil, and the primary-side transformer coil and the secondary-side transformer coil are coupled together to form a transformer , This makes it possible to galvanically decouple the secondary circuit and the primary circuit.
  • the primary circuit comprises an H-bridge circuit having a first branch extending from a first node to a second node, a second branch extending from the first node to the second node and one between the first branch and the second node second branch branch lying bridge, wherein the primary-side transformer coil is arranged in the bridge branch, in the first branch, a first switch and a first terminal for the connection of a first battery module is arranged, and in the second th branch, a second switch and a second terminal for the connection of a second battery module is arranged.
  • This preferred embodiment is based on the knowledge that the battery modules connected to the first connection and to the second connection can assume the function of capacitors and resistors, as used in the primary circuit of such a converter according to the described prior art.
  • the thus formed DC / DC converter thus makes it possible to dispense in the primary circuit on capacitors and resistors.
  • the structure of such a converter can thus be considerably simplified.
  • a further subject matter of the invention is a battery system which comprises at least one DC / DC converter circuit according to the invention and at least two battery modules, the at least two DC / DC converters each having an input side and at least one battery module each on an input side of a DC / DC converter.
  • DC converter is connected to a DC / DC converter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a DC / DC converter according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a battery system according to the invention with a DC / DC converter circuit according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a battery system according to the invention with a DC / DC converter circuit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a first embodiment of a battery system according to the invention.
  • the battery system includes a DC / DC converter circuit and three battery modules 3.
  • the DC / DC converter circuit includes three DC / DC converters 1.
  • Each DC / DC converter 1 has an input side to which an input voltage can be applied and an output side at which an output voltage converted by the DC / DC converter 1 can be tapped.
  • a battery module 3 is connected in each case in this exemplary embodiment, which provides the respective DC / DC converter 1 with a constant input voltage.
  • a battery module 3 comprises a plurality of battery cells 2, which are connected in series.
  • the battery cells 2 are in this embodiment accumulator cells, for example Li-ion cells.
  • the battery module 3 may comprise only a single battery cell 2. Furthermore, it is also possible to switch the battery cells 2 at least partially in parallel.
  • the DC / DC converters 1 are connected in series on their output side via first outputs 18a and second outputs 18b. At the first output 18a of the one outer DC / DC converter 1 and at the second output
  • the DC / DC converter circuit comprises a low pass 1 1.
  • Low-pass filter 1 1 is connected to the DC / DC converters 1 which are connected in series with each other. switches and smoothes the resulting from the output voltages of each DC / DC converter total voltage.
  • the low pass 1 1 is designed as LC low pass.
  • the low pass 1 1 comprises an inductance L 16 in the form of a coil and a capacitance C 17 in the form of a capacitor.
  • the total voltage smoothed by the filtering can be tapped at a first tap 14a and a second tap 14b of the battery system.
  • the three DC / DC converters 1 can be designed, for example, as a half-bridge converter, forward converter, push-pull converter and / or full-bridge converter.
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a second embodiment of a battery system according to the invention.
  • the battery system according to the second embodiment is a variant of the battery system according to the first embodiment.
  • the DC / DC converters 1 of the second battery system are designed in this embodiment as a special HaIf bridge (half-bridge) converter.
  • the half-bridge converter 1 comprises a primary circuit 12 and a secondary circuit 13.
  • the primary circuit 12 has a primary-side transformer coil 4a
  • the secondary circuit 13 has a secondary-side transformer coil 4b, wherein the primary-side transformer coil 4a and the secondary-side transformer coil 4b to form a transformer coupled together.
  • the primary circuit 12 comprises an H-bridge circuit having a first branch extending from a first node 6 to a second node 7, a second branch extending from the first node 6 to the second node 7, and a second branch lying between the first branch and the second branch bridge arm.
  • the primary-side transformer coil 4a is arranged in the bridge branch. In the first branch is a first switch
  • a second switch 5b and a second terminal 7b for the connection of a second battery module 8b is arranged in the second branch.
  • the first branch is also connected to a ground 9 between the first terminal 7a and the first switch 5a.
  • the secondary circuit 13 further includes a rectifier circuit 10 for rectifying the voltage converted by the transformer.
  • the rectifier circuit 10 includes two diodes 15a and 15b.
  • the diodes 15a and 15b are arranged in the manner of a branching rectifier in the secondary circuit.
  • the first battery module 8a and the second battery module 8b are connected to the first terminal 7a or to the second terminal 7b of the primary circuit 12 such that unequal poles of the first battery module 8a and of the second battery module 8b in the circuit are opposite each other.
  • the first battery module 8a and the second battery module 8b may be implemented as a single battery cell.
  • a battery module 8a, 8b may comprise a plurality of battery cells, wherein the battery cells are at least partially in
  • a battery module 8a, 8b can also be formed by a battery.
  • the battery modules 8a, 8b comprise battery cells which are designed as accumulators.
  • a battery cell is designed as a lithium-ion cell.
  • the operating principle of the half-bridge converter 1 is as follows: If the first switch 5a is closed, then the voltage of the first battery module 8a is applied across the primary-side transformer coil 4a. This voltage is transmitted via the secondary-side transformer coil 4 b in the secondary circuit 13. When the first switch 5a is opened again, the energy stored in the primary-side transformer coil 4a is dissipated in the form of a current flowing into the second battery module 8b. When closing the second switch 5b, this process is repeated in the reverse direction. By selecting the duty cycles of the first switch 5a and the second switch 5b, not only the voltage at the outputs 18a, 18b of the half-bridge can be selected in this manner. be set at the same time a charge balancing between the battery modules 8a, 8b are performed.
  • the DC / DC converter circuit comprises a low pass 1 1.
  • the low-pass filter 1 1 is connected downstream of the DC / DC converters 1 connected in series and smoothes the total voltage resulting from the output voltages of the individual DC / DC converters 1.
  • the total voltage smoothed by the filtering can be tapped at the first tap 14a and the second tap 14b of the battery system.
  • the battery system for example, a not dargestelle control device for the control of the DC / DC converter 1, by means of which the switches of the DC / DC converter 1 are controlled in polyphase according to a suitable algorithm.
  • Such battery systems are suitable, for example, as part of a power supply of a motor vehicle, in particular as part of a vehicle electrical system of the motor vehicle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un convertisseur à demi-pont pour un système de batterie, et un système de batterie. Le circuit de convertisseurs DC/DC comporte au moins deux convertisseurs DC/DC (1) et un filtre passe-bas (11), les convertisseurs DC/DC (1) présentant respectivement un côté d'entrée et un côté de sortie, les convertisseurs DC/DC (1) étant montés en série les uns avec les autres sur leur côté de sortie, et le filtre passe-bas (11) étant monté en aval des convertisseurs DC/DC (1) montés en série les uns avec les autres pour lisser une tension de sortie produite à la sortie des convertisseurs DC/DC (1).
EP10740666A 2009-08-28 2010-08-10 Circuit de convertisseurs dc/dc et système de batterie Ceased EP2471167A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009028973A DE102009028973A1 (de) 2009-08-28 2009-08-28 DC/DC-Wandlerschaltung und Batteriesystem
PCT/EP2010/061582 WO2011023529A2 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-10 Circuit de convertisseurs dc/dc et système de batterie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2471167A2 true EP2471167A2 (fr) 2012-07-04

Family

ID=43524798

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10740666A Ceased EP2471167A2 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-10 Circuit de convertisseurs dc/dc et système de batterie

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9214819B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2471167A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102577063B (fr)
DE (1) DE102009028973A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011023529A2 (fr)

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MOHAN, UNDELAND, ROBBINS: "Power Electronics, Converters, Applications, and Design", part 3rd Edition 31 December 2003, JOHN WILEY & SONS, ISBN: 978-0-471-22693-2, article "Chapter 10", pages: 301 - 307 *

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WO2011023529A2 (fr) 2011-03-03
US20120242156A1 (en) 2012-09-27
DE102009028973A1 (de) 2011-03-03

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