EP1984115B1 - Multiroller crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

A multiple roll crusher is provided for crushing of mineral material, more particularly of coal or oil sand. The multiple roll crusher includes at least three crusher rolls (1, 2, 5 1′, 2′), the rotation axes (R) of which lie in parallel to each other and horizontal or roughly horizontal. All directly neighboring crusher rolls (1, 2, 1′, 2′) have opposite directions of rotation. A connecting line (V) of the rotation axes (R) has at least one kink.

Description

The invention relates to a multi-roll crusher according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such multi-roll crushers serve in particular as crushers for crushing mineral crushed material, in particular coal, ore, stone, natural stone, bauxite, marl, clay, oil sand or similar materials. These crushers are intended to bring the material, which arrives with a particle size of up to about 150 mm, to a particle size of generally <50 mm. It is important in the comminution of coal, in particular, that it is not or only slightly compressed during the breaking process and essentially maintains its internal structure.

The state of the art belongs to the DE 199 04 867 A1 a device for crushing mineral crushing material with two crushing rollers, wherein the breaking process between the crushing rollers and provided with crushing organs opposite walls of the crusher housing is carried out. There is no breaking process between the two crushing rollers, which rotate in opposite directions.

From the US-A 5,547,136 a mill is known in which the breaking process between two rollers is carried out with circumferentially arranged on helical cutting elements. Below the working gap, a solid anvil extending in the roll longitudinal direction is arranged, on which arcuate sieves adapted to the outer shape of the crushing rolls are fastened on both sides. The material not falling through the holes of the sieves is transported above these sieves back into the receiving space. This mill essentially serves for fine breaking or grinding of waste material to comparatively small particle sizes.

In the WO 94/21 381 A1 an arrangement for breaking and cooling of the emerging from a kiln already relatively fine-grained Guts is described, wherein the crusher several juxtaposed and arranged at a height, having cantilevered, roller-shaped crushing elements. The direction of rotation of the crushing rollers changes from one to another roller. The juxtaposed at the same height crushing rollers thereby fill the entire width of the discharge area of the inlet shaft, in each case a working gap between the crushing rollers is released, whose size is determined by the desired particle size of the fuel.

From the US 5,595,350 A is another roll crusher at the end of a cooling device can be seen, wherein four crushing rollers are arranged side by side, of which from the task side, the first three turn each to the right and the fourth to the opposite turns to the left. The material that comes from the task side and has not yet fallen through the spaces between the first rollers, so is crushed in the gap between the third and fourth roller. The four rollers are loaded differently.

The invention is based on the object to propose a multi-roll crusher of the generic type, in which substantially without compression and preferably by shearing the material crushed and in the smallest possible crusher space and the lowest possible machine wear a high throughput is achieved.

The solution of this problem is specified in claim 1. The dependent claims 2 to 19 contain useful embodiments of this.

In the multi-roll crusher according to the invention with at least three crushing rollers in a crusher space, it is provided that all directly adjacent crushing rollers have opposite directions of rotation, the connecting line (V) of the axes of rotation (R) has at least one bend and over the entire width of the crusher space due to the changing directions of rotation of the crusher rolls in each case one working gap (A) and one empty gap (L) alternate. The kink causes either with the same distance of the axes of rotation (R), the total width (B) of the crusher space in which the crushing rollers are arranged parallel to each other, can be reduced or that with the same width of the crusher space possibly more crushing rollers can be accommodated and thus the throughput per total width of the crusher space is increased. Arrangement and size of the buckling are chosen so that the smallest possible deflection of the crushed material on its way from the feed opening of the crusher to the passage through the working gap of the wear of crushing tools and crushers is minimized.

The crushing rollers have uniformly or non-uniformly distributed on the circumference crushing or cutting teeth of the same or unequal tooth height and / or tooth shape, which preferably cooperate with cutting elements which are arranged at the top and / or laterally in the upper part of an anvil bar, preferably height adjustable and / or is spring-mounted in the vertical direction. The cutting elements can preferably be arranged on the anvil strip on itself over the entire length of the crushing rollers extending strips, the cutting teeth can engage the crushing rollers in tooth spaces of the strip. However, the multi-roll crusher according to the invention can also be embodied without an in-edge strip or without a cutting element. In the multi-roll crusher according to the invention, the entire material is comminuted when passing through the working gap between the two crushing rollers or between a crushing roller and crushing teeth on the wall side, wherein the adjustable and / or resilient mounting of the anvil bar prevents interference caused by excessively large or too hard chunks of material. To adjust the grain size of the product and the working gap can be adjusted by changing the axial distance of the crushing rollers and / or by changing the distance of the anvil bar. According to the required particle size of the product and the cutting teeth of two adjacent crushing rollers can be arranged angularly offset on the roll circumference.

According to the invention, a working gap and an empty gap alternate over the entire width of the breaker space due to the changing directions of rotation of the breaker rolls. Through the working gap, the material is essentially conveyed from top to bottom or obliquely down and thereby crushed. in the

In the area of the empty gap, the crushing or cutting teeth move upwards or obliquely upwards at the circumference of the crushing rollers, so that there is no

Comminution of the material takes place. The gap width of the empty gap is less than or equal to the working gap. In particular, in the region of the void gap, the cutting teeth of the adjacent crushing rollers can be arranged angularly offset and, if necessary, their peripheral speed synchronized so that the distance between the two rollers can be reduced without teeth of these rollers touching each other.

In order to achieve the invention reduction of the width of the crusher space, it has proved to be favorable that the connecting line between the axes of rotation of two adjacent crushing rollers in the region of a working gap horizontally or slightly inclined at an angle α of up to 30 ° to the horizontal. At the same time, the connecting line in the region of an empty gap can have an angle β of up to 90 or 75 °, preferably 30 to 60 ° to the horizontal. Large angles β can be advantageous, in particular in the case of crushing rollers of different diameters adjacent to the empty gap. Overall, the angle should be α ≤ the angle β. By means of these inclinations of the connecting line according to the invention, an unhindered flow of material can be ensured in the region of the working gap for the various materials and, at the same time in the region of an empty gap, undesired arrest of the material flow by coarse material from above the empty gap can be prevented. In any case, one will try to reduce the width of the crusher space to make at least the angle β, depending on the respective material, as large as possible.

According to the invention, it is further proposed to arrange in each case two crushing rollers, which form an empty gap between them, as a structural unit on a rocker pivotally and / or displaceably mounted on the housing of the multi-roll crusher. This rocker preferably includes right and left outside of the crusher housing arranged and mounted roll carrier, wherein the axes or waves of the associated crusher rollers can be passed through suitable slots of the crusher housing. The two belonging to a pair of rollers roller carrier of a rocker can be pivoted together in each case about a parallel to the axes of rotation of the crushing rollers arranged rotational axis, wherein preferably the pivoting of the rocker by a adjustable stop is limited and acts on the rocker a preferably preloaded spring in the direction of a stop. By this resilient mounting, it is possible that the crushing rollers of the two adjacent working gap adjacent rockers can dodge, for example, overload due to too hard or non-breakable material and the working gap is thereby briefly increased and returned by the springs back to its original position.

Fig. 1 und 2

Anordnungen von jeweils drei Brechwalzen in einem Brecherraum

Fig. 3 und 4

Anordnungen von vier Brechwalzen in einem Brecherraum

Fig. 5

eine teilweise perspektivische Darstellung einer Leiste 10 mit Schneidleiste 7

Fig. 6

eine Anordnung von fünf Brechwalzen in einem Brecherraum

Fig. 7

eine Anordnung von sechs Brechwalzen in einem Brecherraum

Fig. 8 bis 13

verschiedene Anordnungen von jeweils acht Brechwalzen in einem Brecherraum.

The invention will be apparent from the attached FIGS. 1 to 13 for example, explained in more detail, wherein in the FIGS. 1 to 4 and 6 to 13 in a vertical section, the arrangement of the crushing rollers is shown sketchily in a crusher room. Show it:

Fig. 1 and 2

Arrangements of three crushing rollers in a crusher space

3 and 4

Arrangements of four crushing rollers in a crusher room

Fig. 5

a partial perspective view of a bar 10 with cutting bar. 7

Fig. 6

an arrangement of five crushing rollers in a crusher space

Fig. 7

an arrangement of six crushing rollers in a crusher space

Fig. 8 to 13

various arrangements of eight crushing rollers in a crusher space.

In the FIGS. 1 to 4 . 6 and 7 are crushing rollers 1, 1 '2, 2' shown as smooth cylindrical rollers, being readily on the circumference of the rollers, as in the Fig. 8 to 13 represented, crushing or cutting teeth 4 may be present. In the first figures, no breaking or cutting teeth 4 were drawn for the sake of simplicity. However, the breaking or cutting teeth 4 are particularly useful if, under the working gaps A, A 'in each case over the entire length of the crushing rollers extending anvil strip 3 and outer crushing teeth 14 are present. The anvil strip 3 can accordingly Fig. 5 be provided at the top with an interchangeable bar 10, wherein above a horizontal continuous cutting bar 7 and tooth spaces 9 are arranged laterally, into which the breaking or cutting teeth 4 at the periphery of the crushing rollers 1, 2 protrude wholly or partially. The anvil strip 3, as shown in FIG Fig. 7 Apart from the cutting bar 7 also have cutting elements 5 at the top and also cutting elements 6 in the lateral upper area. The entire anvil strip is preferably vertical or according to their inclination (see, eg Fig. 2 . 6 . 12 and 13 ) adjustable in the transport direction of the material and in particular resiliently mounted on springs 8. On the two walls 12, 13 in each case additionally outer crushing teeth 14 may be arranged, which cooperate with the crushing or cutting teeth 4 on the adjacent crushing rollers 1 ', 2'. These outer crushing teeth 14 may be similar to the anvil strip 3 adjustable and resiliently mounted.

Based on Fig. 1 can explain the simplest embodiment of the multi-roll crusher according to the invention. There two crushing rollers 1, 2 are arranged side by side at the same height. The dotted straight line V connects the axes of rotation R of the two crushing rollers 1 and 2 and the axes of rotation R of the crushing roller 2 with the deeper crushing roller 1 '. The defined in claim 1 according to the invention kink in the connecting line V is therefore present at the axis of rotation R of the crushing roller 2. Outwardly, the connecting line V is extended horizontally up to the walls 12, 13. Between the two crushing rollers 1, 2 is in each case the working gap A (see. Fig. 3 ) having the gap width a defined in the direction of the connecting line V. Between the marginal crushing rollers 1 ', 2' and the outer crushing teeth 14 are each the working gap A '(see. Fig. 3 ), with the gap width a '. The sum of the gap widths a and a 'on the total width B of the crusher space is the decisive measure of the throughput of the multi-roll crusher. The point here is to maximize the sum of these gap widths a, a 'on the total width B. The second decisive measure are the gap widths I and I 'which also extend in the direction of the connecting line V in the region of the empty column L, L' (cf. Fig. 2 and 3 ). The empty gap L is here as the gap between two "internal" crushing rollers 1, 2 or 1, 2 'or 2, I', while the blank gap L ', the gap between the edge-side crushing rollers 1, 2 and the wall 12, 13, on which no outer crushing teeth 14 are arranged. In principle, the breaking or cutting teeth 4 move downwards in the region of a working gap A, A ', so that the material introduced above the crushing rolls is moved from top to bottom through the working gap A, A'. In the area of an empty gap L, L ', the breaking or cutting teeth move upwards so that larger material arriving from above is normally stopped or transported to the next working gap A, A'. The gap width I, I 'in the region of an empty gap L, L' can be chosen so small that the crushing or cutting teeth 4 can be moved past each other with the shortest possible distance. The gap widths I, I 'are in any case smaller than or equal to the gap widths a, a'. Depending on the resulting material, the gap width I, I 'have a certain minimum, so that the resulting fine grain can also freely through the blank gap L, L' trickle down.

According to the invention, the crushing rollers are to be arranged offset from one another in the vertical direction and pushed together in the horizontal direction to achieve the lowest possible overall width B, wherein the required gap widths a, a ', I, I' are maintained and the deflection of the material flow in the crusher space is minimized becomes. As can be readily seen from the figures, with each inclined arrangement of the connecting line V to the horizontal, the respective width required in the horizontal direction in the crusher space decreases considerably. According to the feed direction of the material above the crushing rollers to the respective working gap A, A ', it has been found that the angle α can be up to 30 ° to the horizontal, while the angle β up to 90 ° or 75 °, preferably between 30 and 60 ° can be.

In addition to the preferred embodiments shown in the figures, there are in principle also other possibilities for the staggered arrangement of the crushing rollers 1, 1 ', 2, 2'. Entspechend Fig. 1 could the crushing roller 1 'also be arranged above the other two crushing rollers 1 and 2. In addition, or instead could also a crushing roller 2 'on the wall 12 above or below the two crushing rollers 1, 2 with outer crushing teeth 14th work together. Also according to the request of Fig. 2 For example, the middle crushing roller 2 could lie in a lower position between the two crushing rollers 1, 1 '.

In the FIGS. 3 and 4 are preferred versions, each with four crushing rollers 1, 2, 1 ', 2' shown, because there is a total of a working gap A and two working gaps A 'are present. In Fig. 4 carry the side walls 12, 13 outer crushing teeth 14, which in Fig. 3 are not available.

In continuation of the inventive idea of the multi-roll crusher after Fig. 6 five crushing rollers 1, 2, 2 'with two working gaps A and a marginal working gap A'. In this zig-zag arrangement, the material above the five crushing rollers can relatively evenly distribute. The cascades or step arrangement of the six rollers after Fig. 7 In particular, offers the possibility of even distribution to the three working column A at some lateral task, with a processing on the walls 12, 13 is omitted.

Both FIGS. 8 to 13 In each case eight crushing rollers are shown in a crusher space, with three middle working gaps A and in each case additionally a working gap A 'on the walls 12, 13 are present. The task direction of the material from above and the further transport after the breaking process is indicated in these figures by dashed arrows.

After the FIGS. 9 to 13 are each two adjacent crushing rollers, which have an empty gap L between them, summarized by a rocker 11 to form a structural unit. The rocker 11 preferably contains and supports roller carriers 11, 11 "arranged and mounted on the outside of the housing on the right and on the left .. The rotation axes R of the associated crushing rollers are guided through slots in the housing (not shown) is pressed against this stop by the prestressed spring 16. This resilient mounting of the assembly has the advantage that when seizure of too hard or non-breakable materials, the rocker is moved about the axis of rotation 15 against the spring 16, so that the two associated working gaps A, A 'at the same time by essentially the same extent can open automatically. Once the obstacle is eliminated, the rocker 11 is pivoted back to the starting position by means of the spring 16.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 '

Crushing roller (turning right)

2, 2 '

Crushing roller (turning left)

3

anvil strip

4

Breaking or cutting teeth on 1, 2, 1 ', 2' (see. Fig. 8 to 13 )

5

Cutting element at the top of 3 (see. Fig. 7 )

6

Cutting element in the upper area laterally at 3 (see. Fig. 7 )

7

Cutting bar at 3 (see. Fig. 7 and Fig. 5 )

8th

Spring for 3 (cf. Fig. 7 )

9

Tooth gaps in 10 (see. Fig. 5 )

10

Strip (cf. Fig. 5 )

11

Rocker (cf. Fig. 9 to 13 )

11 ', 11 "

roll carriers

12

wall

13

wall

14

External crushing teeth at 12, 13

15

Rotation axis of 11

16

Spring on 11

17

Stop (adjustable)

A, A '

working gap

B

Total width of the breaker room

L, L '

empty gap

R

Rotation axis of 1, 1 ', 2, 2'

V

Connecting line between axes of rotation R

a, a '

Gap width of A, A 'in the direction of V

I, I '

Gap width of L, L 'in the direction of V

α

Angle from V to the horizontal in the range of A

β

Angle from V to the horizontal in the range of L

Claims (19)

1. Multiroller crusher for crushing mineral material to be crushed, such as in particular coal or oil sand, in a single crushing step, having at least three crushing rollers (1, 2, 1', 2'), wherein crushing or cutting teeth (4) are disposed on the periphery of the crushing rollers (1, 2, 1', 2') and the axes of rotation (R) of the crushing rollers lie in parallel with each other and horizontally or approximately horizontally, characterised in that all immediately adjacent crushing rollers (1, 2, 1', 2') have opposing directions of rotation, the connecting line (V) of the axes of rotation (R) has at least one kink, and over the entire width of the crushing space a working gap (A) and an empty gap (L) alternate owing to the alternating directions of rotation of the crushing rollers (1, 2, 1', 2').
2. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that below the working gap (A) formed between two crushing rollers (1, 2) is disposed an anvil strip (3) extending over the whole length of the crushing rollers (1, 2).
3. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that crushing or cutting elements (5, 6, 7) are disposed on the tip and/or laterally in the upper region of the anvil strip (3) and cooperate with the crushing or cutting teeth (4) disposed on the periphery of the crushing rollers (1, 2).
4. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the crushing or cutting elements (5, 6, 7) are disposed on the anvil strip (3) on replaceable, wholly or partially straight or comb-like strips (10).
5. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the anvil strip (3) is mounted in a height-adjustable and/or resilient manner.
6. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that one or both outer crushing rollers (1', 2') cooperate with anvil strips or crushing teeth (14) which are mounted on the adjoining walls (12, 13) in a fixed, displaceable and/or resilient manner.
7. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the connecting line (V) extends in the region of a working gap (A) at an angle α of up to 30° with respect to the horizontal.
8. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the connecting line (V) extends in the region of an empty gap (L) at an angle β of up to 90° with respect to the horizontal.
9. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the connecting line (V) extends in the region of an empty gap (L) at an angle β of up to 75° with respect to the horizontal.
10. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the angle β is 30 to 60°.
11. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the angle α is smaller than or equal to the angle β.
12. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the crushing or cutting teeth (4) cooperating at a working gap (A) are disposed offset with respect to each other in the peripheral direction and/or in the axial direction of the crushing rollers (1, 2, 1', 2').
13. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the crushing rollers (1, 2, 1', 2') consist of toothed discs lined up axially.
14. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the length (1) of the connecting line (V) at an empty gap (L) is smaller than or equal to the length (a) of the connecting line (V) at a working gap (A).
15. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that in each case two crushing rollers (1, 2, 1', 2'), which form an empty gap (L) therebetween, are disposed as a construction unit on a rocker (11) which is mounted on the housing of the multiroller crusher in a pivoting and/or displaceable manner.
16. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 15, characterised in that the rocker (11) can pivot about an axis of rotation (15) disposed in parallel with the axes of rotation (R) of the crushing rollers (1, 2, 1', 2').
17. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 15 or 16, characterised in that the pivotability of the rocker (11) is limited by an adjustable stop (17).
18. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that a spring (16) acts on the rocker (11) in the direction of the stop (17).
19. Multiroller crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the crushing rollers (1, 2, 1', 2') have the same or different diameters.

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